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Is Smoking Shisha Safer than Cigarettes: Comparison of Health Effects of Shisha and Cigarette Smoking among Young Adults in Kuwait	2016		Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Med Princ Pract Periodical, Abbrev. Pub Date Free Form Volume 25 Issue 2 Start Page 117 Other Pages 22 Notes ID: 26566225 Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN Accession Number Language en SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to compare the health effects of shisha smoking with cigarette smoking among male college students in Kuwait. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 525 male students in Kuwait from September to October 2013. A pretested questionnaire was used for information on demographics and health complaints. Peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) was measured using a portable peak flow meter. The outcome variables of health status were compared between smoking shisha, cigarettes, or both, and nonsmoking. RESULTS: The prevalence of current smoking was 243 of the 525 students (46%); of them, 52 (10%) were shisha smokers, 69 were (13%) cigarette smokers and 122 (23%) were both shisha and cigarette smokers. There were significantly fewer shisha smokers than cigarette smokers with symptoms of persistent cough (4 vs. 13% or 2/52 vs. 15/69; p = 0.007), chest pain (4 vs. 23% or 2/52 vs. 16/69; p = 0.004) and rapid heart rate (12 vs. 28% or 6/52 vs. 19/69; p = 0.04). Other complaints, including asthma, respiratory infections, shortness of breath, high blood pressure, increased blood sugar levels and sleep disturbances were similar in the 2 groups. Values of PEFR for shisha smokers and cigarette smokers were not significantly different. CONCLUSION: This study produced evidence suggesting that shisha smoking is not safer than cigarette smoking except with regard to complaints such as cough, chest pain and rapid heart rate, and that people who smoke both experience worse health effects in terms of frequent symptoms of respiratory infections, persistent cough, rapid heartbeat and sleep disturbances. Descriptors Links http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000442417 Book Title Database MEDLINE; http://www.globalhealthlibrary.net/ Publisher Data Source Authors Husain,Hamid, Al-Fadhli, Fahed, Al-Olaimi, Fatima, Al-Duraie, Alshouq, Qureshi,Ammar, Al-Kandari, Waleed, Mitra,Amal K. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Is self interdental cleaning associated with dental plaque levels, dental calculus, gingivitis and periodontal disease?	2012	Australian Research Centre for Population Oral Health, School of Dentistry, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia. leonard.crocombe@adelaide.edu.au	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Journal of periodontal research Periodical, Abbrev. J.Periodontal.Res. Pub Date Free Form Apr Volume 47 Issue 2 Start Page 188 Other Pages 197 Notes CI: (c) 2011; JID: 0055107; 0 (Chewing Gum); 0 (Mouthwashes); 2011/09/28 [aheadofprint]; ppublish Place of Publication Denmark ISSN/ISBN 1600-0765; 0022-3484 Accession Number PMID: 21954940 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.; D; IM DOI 10.1111/j.1600-0765.2011.01420.x [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 21954940 Abstract BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: To ascertain whether interdental cleaning behaviours of Australian adults were associated with lower levels of plaque, gingivitis and periodontal disease. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Data were obtained from the National Survey of Adult Oral Health 2004-06. Outcome variables were three indicators of oral hygiene outcomes (the presence or not of dental plaque, dental calculus and gingivitis) and two of periodontal disease (the presence or not of at least one tooth with a periodontal pocket or clinical attachment loss of >/= 4 mm). The independent variable was classified into the following three groups: regularly clean interproximally 'at least daily' (daily+); 'less than daily' ( Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher John Wiley & Sons A/S Data Source Authors Crocombe,L.A., Brennan,D.S., Slade,G.D., Loc,D.O. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20110928 PMCID Editors
Is opium a real risk factor for esophageal cancer or just a methodological artifact? Hospital and neighborhood controls in case-control studies	2012		Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full PLoS One Periodical, Abbrev. Pub Date Free Form Volume 7 Issue 3 Start Page e32711 Other Pages e32711 Notes ID: 22396792 Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN Accession Number Language en SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract BACKGROUND: Control selection is a major challenge in epidemiologic case-control studies. The aim of our study was to evaluate using hospital versus neighborhood control groups in studying risk factors of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: We compared the results of two different case-control studies of ESCC conducted in the same region by a single research group. Case definition and enrollment were the same in the two studies, but control selection differed. In the first study, we selected two age- and sex-matched controls from inpatient subjects in hospitals, while for the second we selected two age- and sex-matched controls from each subject's neighborhood of residence. We used the test of heterogeneity to compare the results of the two studies. We found no significant differences in exposure data for tobacco-related variables such as cigarette smoking, chewing Nass (a tobacco product) and hookah (water pipe) usage, but the frequency of opium usage was significantly different between hospital and neighborhood controls. Consequently, the inference drawn for the association between ESCC and tobacco use did not differ between the studies, but it did for opium use. In the study using neighborhood controls, opium use was associated with a significantly increased risk of ESCC (adjusted OR 1.77, 95% CI 1.17-2.68), while in the study using hospital controls, this was not the case (OR 1.09, 95% CI 0.63-1.87). Comparing the prevalence of opium consumption in the two control groups and a cohort enrolled from the same geographic area suggested that the neighborhood controls were more representative of the study base population for this exposure. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: Hospital and neighborhood controls did not lead us to the same conclusion for a major hypothesized risk factor for ESCC in this population. Our results show that control group selection is critical in drawing appropriate conclusions in observational studies. Descriptors Links Book Title Database MEDLINE; http://www.globalhealthlibrary.net/ Publisher Data Source Authors Shakeri,Ramin, Kamangar,Farin, Nasrollahzadeh,Dariush, Nouraie,Mehdi, Khademi,Hooman, Etemadi,Arash, Islami,Farhad, Marjani,Hajiamin, Fahimi,Saman, Sepehr,Alireza, Rahmati,Atieh, Abnet,Christian C., Dawsey,Sanford M., Brennan,Paul, Boffetta,Paolo, Malekzadeh,Reza, Majdzadeh,Reza Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Is maternal smoking more determinant than paternal smoking on the respiratory symptoms of young children?	2005	Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Facultad de Medicina, University of Granada, Avenida de Madrid 11, E-18012 Granada, Spain. djurado@ugr.es	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Respiratory medicine Periodical, Abbrev. Respir.Med. Pub Date Free Form Sep Volume 99 Issue 9 Start Page 1138 Other Pages 1144 Notes LR: 20061115; JID: 8908438; 0 (Tobacco Smoke Pollution); 2004/10/25 [received]; 2005/03/23 [aheadofprint]; ppublish Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 0954-6111; 0954-6111 Accession Number PMID: 16085215 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; IM DOI S0954-6111(05)00041-7 [pii] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 16085215 Abstract BACKGROUND: It is generally accepted that maternal smoking has more detrimental effects than paternal smoking on the respiratory health of children. The objective of this study was to assess the effects of postnatal exposure due to the smoking behaviour by father and mother in the home, and prenatal exposure from maternal smoking during pregnancy, on the respiratory symptoms in children. METHODS: The parents of 484 children, aged 3-6 years, completed a questionnaire about smoking and respiratory symptoms in children. Bivariate and logistic regression analyses were used to examine the associated factors with respiratory symptoms. RESULTS: The final model of logistic regression analysis showed that prenatal exposure by maternal smoking during pregnancy increased the risk of wheezing with colds (adjusted OR=2.00, 95% CI:1.13-3.55) with respect to those children whose mothers reported no smoking during pregnancy. Postnatal exposure by maternal smoking in the home, in the presence of the child, increased the risk of cough with phlegm (adjusted OR=2.79, 95% CI:1.23-6.30) with respect to those children whose mothers did not smoke in their presence. Paternal smoking was associated with wheezing and cough in the bivariate analysis, but did not remain significant in the multivariate analysis. CONCLUSIONS: Our results underline a greater influence of exposure to maternal smoking (prenatal and postnatal) than postnatal paternal smoking on the development of respiratory symptoms in young children. Descriptors Air Pollution, Indoor/adverse effects, Child, Child, Preschool, Common Cold/etiology, Cough/etiology, Cross-Sectional Studies, Fathers, Female, Humans, Logistic Models, Male, Mothers, Pregnancy, Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects, Respiratory Sounds/etiology, Respiratory Tract Diseases/embryology/etiology, Smoking, Tobacco Smoke Pollution/adverse effects Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Jurado,D., Munoz,C., Luna Jde,D., Munoz-Hoyos,A. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20050323 PMCID Editors
Is exposure to secondhand smoke associated with cognitive parameters of children and adolescents?--a systematic literature review	2013	Division of Health and Social Care Research, King's College London, London, UK. Electronic address: ruoling.chen@kcl.ac.uk.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Annals of Epidemiology Periodical, Abbrev. Ann.Epidemiol. Pub Date Free Form Oct Volume 23 Issue 10 Start Page 652 Other Pages 661 Notes CI: Copyright (c) 2013; JID: 9100013; 0 (Tobacco Smoke Pollution); OTO: NOTNLM; 2012/11/05 [received]; 2013/06/17 [revised]; 2013/07/01 [accepted]; 2013/08/19 [aheadofprint]; ppublish Place of Publication United States ISSN/ISBN 1873-2585; 1047-2797 Accession Number PMID: 23969303 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Review; IM DOI 10.1016/j.annepidem.2013.07.001 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 23969303 Abstract PURPOSE: Despite the known association of second hand smoke (SHS) with increased risk of ill health and mortality, the effects of SHS exposure on cognitive functioning in children and adolescents are unclear. Through a critical review of the literature we sought to determine whether a relationship exists between these variables. METHODS: The authors systematically reviewed articles (dated 1989-2012) that investigated the association between SHS exposure (including in utero due to SHS exposure by pregnant women) and performance on neurocognitive and academic tests. Eligible studies were identified from searches of Web of Knowledge, MEDLINE, Science Direct, Google Scholar, CINAHL, EMBASE, Zetoc, and Clinicaltrials.gov. RESULTS: Fifteen articles were identified, of which 12 showed inverse relationships between SHS and cognitive parameters. Prenatal SHS exposure was inversely associated with neurodevelopmental outcomes in young children, whereas postnatal SHS exposure was associated with poor academic achievement and neurocognitive performance in older children and adolescents. Furthermore, SHS exposure was associated with an increased risk of neurodevelopmental delay. CONCLUSIONS: Recommendations should be made to the public to avoid sources of SHS and future research should investigate interactions between SHS exposure and other risk factors for delayed neurodevelopment and poor cognitive performance. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc Data Source Authors Chen,R., Clifford,A., Lang,L., Anstey,K.J. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20130819 PMCID Editors
Is effective contraceptive use conceived prenatally in Florida? The association between prenatal contraceptive counseling and postpartum contraceptive use	2012	Maternal and Child Heath Practice and Analysis Unit, Division of Family Health Services, Florida Department of Health, Tallahassee, FL, USA. Leticia_hernandez@doh.state.fl.us	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Maternal and child health journal Periodical, Abbrev. Matern.Child Health J. Pub Date Free Form Feb Volume 16 Issue 2 Start Page 423 Other Pages 429 Notes LR: 20151119; GR: 5UR6DP000541-05/DP/NCCDPHP CDC HHS/United States; JID: 9715672; ppublish Place of Publication United States ISSN/ISBN 1573-6628; 1092-7875 Accession Number PMID: 21197562 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.; IM DOI 10.1007/s10995-010-0738-9 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 21197562 Abstract The objective of this study is to describe the prevalence of postpartum contraceptive use among women experiencing a live birth in Florida in 2004-2005. To examine the association between family planning counseling during prenatal care visits and the use of effective contraceptive methods among postpartum women. Matched data from Florida PRAMS and Vital Statistics were used (n = 3,962). Weighted logistic regression was used to determine the association between prenatal family planning counseling and effective postpartum contraceptive use. Odds ratios were adjusted for use of contraception prior to pregnancy, well-baby checkup, race, ethnicity, nativity, education, marital status, poverty level, stress before or during pregnancy, and parity. Women who reported discussing family planning with their prenatal care provider were more likely to use effective contraception postpartum (AOR: 1.5, 1.1-2.0) compared to women who did not report a discussion. Women who used contraception prior to pregnancy (AOR: 2.3, 1.7-3.2) and women who experienced no stress before or during pregnancy (AOR: 2.0, 1.2-3.4) were also more likely to use contraception in the postpartum period. A significant interaction was identified between family planning counseling during prenatal visits and maternal education. Stratum specific odds ratios for women who received prenatal family planning counseling were significant for women with less than high school education (AOR: 2.5, 1.3-5.1) and for women with high school education (AOR: 2.0, 1.2-3.4). Women reporting family planning counseling during prenatal care were more likely to use effective contraception postpartum. While women with high school or less than high school education levels benefited from prenatal family planning counseling, the greatest benefit was observed for women with less than high school education. Integrating family planning counseling into prenatal care may increase the use of effective contraceptive methods among postpartum women. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Hernandez,L.E., Sappenfield,W.M., Goodman,D., Pooler,J. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Is drinking water a major route of human exposure to alkylphenol and bisphenol contaminants in France?	2014	Nancy Laboratory for Hydrology, Water Chemistry Department, Agence Nationale de Securite Sanitaire (ANSeS), 40 Rue Lionnois, 54 000, Nancy, France.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology Periodical, Abbrev. Arch.Environ.Contam.Toxicol. Pub Date Free Form Jan Volume 66 Issue 1 Start Page 86 Other Pages 99 Notes JID: 0357245; 0 (Benzhydryl Compounds); 0 (Drinking Water); 0 (Phenols); 0 (Water Pollutants, Chemical); MLT3645I99 (bisphenol A); 2013/03/29 [received]; 2013/07/15 [accepted]; 2013/08/07 [aheadofprint]; ppublish Place of Publication United States ISSN/ISBN 1432-0703; 0090-4341 Accession Number PMID: 23921451 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.1007/s00244-013-9942-0 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 23921451 Abstract The main objective of this study was to evaluate potential exposure of a significant part of the French population to alkylphenol and bisphenol contaminants due to water consumption. The occurrence of 11 alkylphenols and bisphenols was studied in raw water and treated water samples from public water systems. One sampling campaign was performed from October 2011 to May 2012. Sampling was equally distributed across 100 French departments. In total, 291 raw water samples and 291 treated water samples were analyzed in this study, representing approximately 20 % of the national water supply flow. The occurrence of the target compounds was also determined for 29 brands of bottled water (polyethylene terephthalate [PET] bottles, polycarbonate [PC] reusable containers, and aluminum cans [ACs]) and in 5 drinking water networks where epoxy resin has been used as coating for pipes. In raw water samples, the highest individual concentration was 1,430 ng/L for bisphenol A (BPA). Of the investigated compounds, nonylphenol (NP), nonylphenol 1-carboxylic acid (NP1EC), BPA, and nonylphenol 2-ethoxylate (NP2EO) predominated (detected in 18.6, 18.6, 14.4, and 10 % of samples, respectively). Geographical variability was observed with departments crossed by major rivers or with high population densities being more affected by contamination. In treated water samples, the highest individual concentration was 505 ng/L for NP. Compared with raw water, target compounds were found in lower amounts in treated water. This difference suggests a relative effectiveness of certain water treatments for the elimination of these pollutants; however, there is also their possible transformation by reaction with chlorine. No target compounds were found in drinking water pipes coated with epoxy resin, in PET bottled water, or in water from ACs. However, levels of BPA in PC bottled water ranged from 70 to 4,210 ng/L with greater level observed in newly manufactured bottles. 4-Tert-butylphenol was only detected in recently manufactured bottles. The values observed for the monitored compounds indicate that drinking water is most likely not the main source of exposure. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Colin,A., Bach,C., Rosin,C., Munoz,J.F., Dauchy,X. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20130807 PMCID Editors
Is domestic tap water a risk for infections in neutropenic patients?	2010	Section Infection Control and Hospital Epidemiology, Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Hospital of Ulm, Steinhoevelstr. 9, 89075, Ulm, Germany. heike.von-baum@uniklinik-ulm.de	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Infection Periodical, Abbrev. Infection Pub Date Free Form Jun Volume 38 Issue 3 Start Page 181 Other Pages 186 Notes LR: 20111117; JID: 0365307; 2009/09/09 [received]; 2010/01/12 [accepted]; 2010/03/18 [aheadofprint]; ppublish Place of Publication Germany ISSN/ISBN 1439-0973; 0300-8126 Accession Number PMID: 20237946 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; IM DOI 10.1007/s15010-010-0005-4 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 20237946 Abstract BACKGROUND: Home care has become popular in the management of hemato-oncologic patients. Therefore, we conducted a prospective study to assess whether tap water from the domestic environment of neutropenic patients poses a risk for infections from the waterborne pathogens nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM), Legionella spp., and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Tap water samples were taken in the homes of 65 hemato-oncologic patients who were discharged from the hospital whilst neutropenic and had a suspected period of neutropenia of a minimum of 10 days. Selective culture for Legionella, P. aeruginosa, and NTM was performed. Patients who required hospital readmission were monitored for infection with the aforementioned pathogens over the following 3 months. RESULTS: NTM were cultured in 62 (95.4%) households in concentrations from 1 to 1,000 CFU/500 ml. The facultative pathogenic species Mycobacterium chelonae (58.5% of taps) and M. mucogenicum (38.5% of taps) were most frequently detected. Legionella spp. was cultured from six households (9.2%), including five households with L. pneumophila in concentrations from 25 to 2,500 CFU/500 ml. P. aeruginosa was found in seven households (10.8%) in concentrations from 5 to 2,500 CFU/500 ml. While clinical infection with Legionella spp. was not detected in any patients, infection with M. chelonae and P. aeruginosa occurred in one and seven patients, respectively. However, transmission from household water could not be confirmed. CONCLUSION: Although the risk of infection from household water-borne pathogens appears low, preventive measures may be considered on an individual basis in patients with long-term immunosuppression as well as in patients with long-term central-vascular catheterization. Descriptors Colony Count, Microbial, Community-Acquired Infections/microbiology, Electrophoresis, Gel, Pulsed-Field, Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections/microbiology, Humans, Legionella/isolation & purification, Leukemia/microbiology, Lymphoma/microbiology, Mycobacterium Infections, Nontuberculous/microbiology, Mycobacterium chelonae/isolation & purification, Neutropenia/epidemiology/microbiology, Prevalence, Prospective Studies, Pseudomonas aeruginosa/isolation & purification, Water Microbiology, Water Supply/analysis Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors von Baum,H., Bommer,M., Forke,A., Holz,J., Frenz,P., Wellinghausen,N. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20100318 PMCID Editors
Is consumer response to plain/standardised tobacco packaging consistent with framework convention on tobacco control guidelines? A systematic review of quantitative studies	2013	Institute for Social Marketing & Cancer Research United Kingdom Centre for Tobacco Control Research and United Kingdom Centre for Tobacco and Alcohol Studies, University of Stirling, Stirling, United Kingdom.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full PloS one Periodical, Abbrev. PLoS One Pub Date Free Form 16-Oct Volume 8 Issue 10 Start Page e75919 Other Pages Notes LR: 20150708; GR: MR/K023195/1/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom; GR: British Heart Foundation/United Kingdom; GR: Department of Health/United Kingdom; GR: Medical Research Council/United Kingdom; JID: 101285081; OID: NLM: PMC3797796; 2013 [ecollect Place of Publication United States ISSN/ISBN 1932-6203; 1932-6203 Accession Number PMID: 24146791 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Review; IM DOI 10.1371/journal.pone.0075919 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 24146791 Abstract BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Standardised or 'plain' tobacco packaging was introduced in Australia in December 2012 and is currently being considered in other countries. The primary objective of this systematic review was to locate, assess and synthesise published and grey literature relating to the potential impacts of standardised tobacco packaging as proposed by the guidelines for the international Framework Convention on Tobacco Control: reduced appeal, increased salience and effectiveness of health warnings, and more accurate perceptions of product strength and harm. METHODS: Electronic databases were searched and researchers in the field were contacted to identify studies. Eligible studies were published or unpublished primary research of any design, issued since 1980 and concerning tobacco packaging. Twenty-five quantitative studies reported relevant outcomes and met the inclusion criteria. A narrative synthesis was conducted. RESULTS: Studies that explored the impact of package design on appeal consistently found that standardised packaging reduced the appeal of cigarettes and smoking, and was associated with perceived lower quality, poorer taste and less desirable smoker identities. Although findings were mixed, standardised packs tended to increase the salience and effectiveness of health warnings in terms of recall, attention, believability and seriousness, with effects being mediated by the warning size, type and position on pack. Pack colour was found to influence perceptions of product harm and strength, with darker coloured standardised packs generally perceived as containing stronger tasting and more harmful cigarettes than fully branded packs; lighter coloured standardised packs suggested weaker and less harmful cigarettes. Findings were largely consistent, irrespective of location and sample. CONCLUSIONS: The evidence strongly suggests that standardised packaging will reduce the appeal of packaging and of smoking in general; that it will go some way to reduce consumer misperceptions regarding product harm based upon package design; and will help make the legally required on-pack health warnings more salient. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Stead,M., Moodie,C., Angus,K., Bauld,L., McNeill,A., Thomas,J., Hastings,G., Hinds,K., O'Mara-Eves,A., Kwan,I., Purves,R.I., Bryce,S.L. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20131016 PMCID PMC3797796 Editors
Is concern about waterpipe tobacco smoking warranted?	2008		Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Aust N Z J Public Health Periodical, Abbrev. Aust.N.Z.J.Public Health Pub Date Free Form Volume 32 Issue 2 Start Page 181 Other Pages 2 Notes ID: 18412692 Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN Accession Number Language en SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract Descriptors Health Promotion, Smoking, Social Marketing, Tobacco Smoke Pollution, Adolescent, Adult, Female, Health Surveys, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, New South Wales Links http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1753-6405.2008.00198.x Book Title Database MEDLINE; http://www.globalhealthlibrary.net/ Publisher Data Source Authors Carroll,Therese, Poder,Natasha, Perusco,Andrew Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors

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