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Is exposure to secondhand smoke associated with cognitive parameters of children and adolescents?--a systematic literature review	2013	Division of Health and Social Care Research, King's College London, London, UK. Electronic address: ruoling.chen@kcl.ac.uk.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Annals of Epidemiology Periodical, Abbrev. Ann.Epidemiol. Pub Date Free Form Oct Volume 23 Issue 10 Start Page 652 Other Pages 661 Notes CI: Copyright (c) 2013; JID: 9100013; 0 (Tobacco Smoke Pollution); OTO: NOTNLM; 2012/11/05 [received]; 2013/06/17 [revised]; 2013/07/01 [accepted]; 2013/08/19 [aheadofprint]; ppublish Place of Publication United States ISSN/ISBN 1873-2585; 1047-2797 Accession Number PMID: 23969303 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Review; IM DOI 10.1016/j.annepidem.2013.07.001 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 23969303 Abstract PURPOSE: Despite the known association of second hand smoke (SHS) with increased risk of ill health and mortality, the effects of SHS exposure on cognitive functioning in children and adolescents are unclear. Through a critical review of the literature we sought to determine whether a relationship exists between these variables. METHODS: The authors systematically reviewed articles (dated 1989-2012) that investigated the association between SHS exposure (including in utero due to SHS exposure by pregnant women) and performance on neurocognitive and academic tests. Eligible studies were identified from searches of Web of Knowledge, MEDLINE, Science Direct, Google Scholar, CINAHL, EMBASE, Zetoc, and Clinicaltrials.gov. RESULTS: Fifteen articles were identified, of which 12 showed inverse relationships between SHS and cognitive parameters. Prenatal SHS exposure was inversely associated with neurodevelopmental outcomes in young children, whereas postnatal SHS exposure was associated with poor academic achievement and neurocognitive performance in older children and adolescents. Furthermore, SHS exposure was associated with an increased risk of neurodevelopmental delay. CONCLUSIONS: Recommendations should be made to the public to avoid sources of SHS and future research should investigate interactions between SHS exposure and other risk factors for delayed neurodevelopment and poor cognitive performance. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc Data Source Authors Chen,R., Clifford,A., Lang,L., Anstey,K.J. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20130819 PMCID Editors
Is maternal smoking more determinant than paternal smoking on the respiratory symptoms of young children?	2005	Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Facultad de Medicina, University of Granada, Avenida de Madrid 11, E-18012 Granada, Spain. djurado@ugr.es	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Respiratory medicine Periodical, Abbrev. Respir.Med. Pub Date Free Form Sep Volume 99 Issue 9 Start Page 1138 Other Pages 1144 Notes LR: 20061115; JID: 8908438; 0 (Tobacco Smoke Pollution); 2004/10/25 [received]; 2005/03/23 [aheadofprint]; ppublish Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 0954-6111; 0954-6111 Accession Number PMID: 16085215 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; IM DOI S0954-6111(05)00041-7 [pii] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 16085215 Abstract BACKGROUND: It is generally accepted that maternal smoking has more detrimental effects than paternal smoking on the respiratory health of children. The objective of this study was to assess the effects of postnatal exposure due to the smoking behaviour by father and mother in the home, and prenatal exposure from maternal smoking during pregnancy, on the respiratory symptoms in children. METHODS: The parents of 484 children, aged 3-6 years, completed a questionnaire about smoking and respiratory symptoms in children. Bivariate and logistic regression analyses were used to examine the associated factors with respiratory symptoms. RESULTS: The final model of logistic regression analysis showed that prenatal exposure by maternal smoking during pregnancy increased the risk of wheezing with colds (adjusted OR=2.00, 95% CI:1.13-3.55) with respect to those children whose mothers reported no smoking during pregnancy. Postnatal exposure by maternal smoking in the home, in the presence of the child, increased the risk of cough with phlegm (adjusted OR=2.79, 95% CI:1.23-6.30) with respect to those children whose mothers did not smoke in their presence. Paternal smoking was associated with wheezing and cough in the bivariate analysis, but did not remain significant in the multivariate analysis. CONCLUSIONS: Our results underline a greater influence of exposure to maternal smoking (prenatal and postnatal) than postnatal paternal smoking on the development of respiratory symptoms in young children. Descriptors Air Pollution, Indoor/adverse effects, Child, Child, Preschool, Common Cold/etiology, Cough/etiology, Cross-Sectional Studies, Fathers, Female, Humans, Logistic Models, Male, Mothers, Pregnancy, Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects, Respiratory Sounds/etiology, Respiratory Tract Diseases/embryology/etiology, Smoking, Tobacco Smoke Pollution/adverse effects Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Jurado,D., Munoz,C., Luna Jde,D., Munoz-Hoyos,A. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20050323 PMCID Editors
Is opium a real risk factor for esophageal cancer or just a methodological artifact? Hospital and neighborhood controls in case-control studies	2012		Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full PLoS One Periodical, Abbrev. Pub Date Free Form Volume 7 Issue 3 Start Page e32711 Other Pages e32711 Notes ID: 22396792 Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN Accession Number Language en SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract BACKGROUND: Control selection is a major challenge in epidemiologic case-control studies. The aim of our study was to evaluate using hospital versus neighborhood control groups in studying risk factors of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: We compared the results of two different case-control studies of ESCC conducted in the same region by a single research group. Case definition and enrollment were the same in the two studies, but control selection differed. In the first study, we selected two age- and sex-matched controls from inpatient subjects in hospitals, while for the second we selected two age- and sex-matched controls from each subject's neighborhood of residence. We used the test of heterogeneity to compare the results of the two studies. We found no significant differences in exposure data for tobacco-related variables such as cigarette smoking, chewing Nass (a tobacco product) and hookah (water pipe) usage, but the frequency of opium usage was significantly different between hospital and neighborhood controls. Consequently, the inference drawn for the association between ESCC and tobacco use did not differ between the studies, but it did for opium use. In the study using neighborhood controls, opium use was associated with a significantly increased risk of ESCC (adjusted OR 1.77, 95% CI 1.17-2.68), while in the study using hospital controls, this was not the case (OR 1.09, 95% CI 0.63-1.87). Comparing the prevalence of opium consumption in the two control groups and a cohort enrolled from the same geographic area suggested that the neighborhood controls were more representative of the study base population for this exposure. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: Hospital and neighborhood controls did not lead us to the same conclusion for a major hypothesized risk factor for ESCC in this population. Our results show that control group selection is critical in drawing appropriate conclusions in observational studies. Descriptors Links Book Title Database MEDLINE; http://www.globalhealthlibrary.net/ Publisher Data Source Authors Shakeri,Ramin, Kamangar,Farin, Nasrollahzadeh,Dariush, Nouraie,Mehdi, Khademi,Hooman, Etemadi,Arash, Islami,Farhad, Marjani,Hajiamin, Fahimi,Saman, Sepehr,Alireza, Rahmati,Atieh, Abnet,Christian C., Dawsey,Sanford M., Brennan,Paul, Boffetta,Paolo, Malekzadeh,Reza, Majdzadeh,Reza Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Is self interdental cleaning associated with dental plaque levels, dental calculus, gingivitis and periodontal disease?	2012	Australian Research Centre for Population Oral Health, School of Dentistry, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia. leonard.crocombe@adelaide.edu.au	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Journal of periodontal research Periodical, Abbrev. J.Periodontal.Res. Pub Date Free Form Apr Volume 47 Issue 2 Start Page 188 Other Pages 197 Notes CI: (c) 2011; JID: 0055107; 0 (Chewing Gum); 0 (Mouthwashes); 2011/09/28 [aheadofprint]; ppublish Place of Publication Denmark ISSN/ISBN 1600-0765; 0022-3484 Accession Number PMID: 21954940 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.; D; IM DOI 10.1111/j.1600-0765.2011.01420.x [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 21954940 Abstract BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: To ascertain whether interdental cleaning behaviours of Australian adults were associated with lower levels of plaque, gingivitis and periodontal disease. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Data were obtained from the National Survey of Adult Oral Health 2004-06. Outcome variables were three indicators of oral hygiene outcomes (the presence or not of dental plaque, dental calculus and gingivitis) and two of periodontal disease (the presence or not of at least one tooth with a periodontal pocket or clinical attachment loss of >/= 4 mm). The independent variable was classified into the following three groups: regularly clean interproximally 'at least daily' (daily+); 'less than daily' ( Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher John Wiley & Sons A/S Data Source Authors Crocombe,L.A., Brennan,D.S., Slade,G.D., Loc,D.O. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20110928 PMCID Editors
Is Smoking Shisha Safer than Cigarettes: Comparison of Health Effects of Shisha and Cigarette Smoking among Young Adults in Kuwait	2016		Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Med Princ Pract Periodical, Abbrev. Pub Date Free Form Volume 25 Issue 2 Start Page 117 Other Pages 22 Notes ID: 26566225 Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN Accession Number Language en SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to compare the health effects of shisha smoking with cigarette smoking among male college students in Kuwait. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 525 male students in Kuwait from September to October 2013. A pretested questionnaire was used for information on demographics and health complaints. Peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) was measured using a portable peak flow meter. The outcome variables of health status were compared between smoking shisha, cigarettes, or both, and nonsmoking. RESULTS: The prevalence of current smoking was 243 of the 525 students (46%); of them, 52 (10%) were shisha smokers, 69 were (13%) cigarette smokers and 122 (23%) were both shisha and cigarette smokers. There were significantly fewer shisha smokers than cigarette smokers with symptoms of persistent cough (4 vs. 13% or 2/52 vs. 15/69; p = 0.007), chest pain (4 vs. 23% or 2/52 vs. 16/69; p = 0.004) and rapid heart rate (12 vs. 28% or 6/52 vs. 19/69; p = 0.04). Other complaints, including asthma, respiratory infections, shortness of breath, high blood pressure, increased blood sugar levels and sleep disturbances were similar in the 2 groups. Values of PEFR for shisha smokers and cigarette smokers were not significantly different. CONCLUSION: This study produced evidence suggesting that shisha smoking is not safer than cigarette smoking except with regard to complaints such as cough, chest pain and rapid heart rate, and that people who smoke both experience worse health effects in terms of frequent symptoms of respiratory infections, persistent cough, rapid heartbeat and sleep disturbances. Descriptors Links http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000442417 Book Title Database MEDLINE; http://www.globalhealthlibrary.net/ Publisher Data Source Authors Husain,Hamid, Al-Fadhli, Fahed, Al-Olaimi, Fatima, Al-Duraie, Alshouq, Qureshi,Ammar, Al-Kandari, Waleed, Mitra,Amal K. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Is snus the same as dip? Smokers' perceptions of new smokeless tobacco advertising	2013	University of California San Francisco, 530 Parnassus Ave, Suite 366, Box 1390, San Francisco, CA 94143-1390, USA. pling@medicine.ucsf.edu	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Tobacco control Periodical, Abbrev. Tob.Control Pub Date Free Form Mar Volume 22 Issue 2 Start Page 84 Other Pages 90 Notes LR: 20150129; GR: R01 CA141661/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States; GR: R01-CA141661/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States; JID: 9209612; NIHMS416375; OID: NLM: NIHMS416375; OID: NLM: PMC3599427; 2011/10/04 [aheadofprint]; ppublish Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1468-3318; 0964-4563 Accession Number PMID: 21972063 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2011-050022 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 21972063 Abstract BACKGROUND: Since 2006, leading US cigarette companies have been promoting new snus products as line extensions of popular cigarette brands. These promotional efforts include direct mail marketing to consumers on cigarette company mailing lists. This study examines smokers' reactions to this advertising and perceptions of the new snus products. METHODS: Eight focus groups (n=65 participants) were conducted in San Francisco and Los Angeles in 2010 with smokers who received tobacco direct mail advertising. The focus group discussions assessed smokers' perceptions of the new snus products. Focus group videos were transcribed and coded using Transana software to identify common themes. RESULTS: Most participants were aware of snus advertising and many had tried free samples. Most were aware that snus was supposed to be 'different' from traditional chewing tobacco but consistently did not know why. Participants willing to try snus still identified strongly as smokers, and for some participants, trying snus reinforced their preference for smoking. Snus' major benefits were use in smoke-free environments and avoiding social stigma related to secondhand smoke. Participants were sceptical of the idea that snus was safer than cigarettes and did not see it as an acceptable substitute for cigarettes or as a cessation aid. CONCLUSIONS: Smokers repeated some messages featured in early snus advertising. Snus was not seen as an acceptable substitute for smoking or way to quit cigarettes. Current smoker responses to snus advertising are not consistent with harm reduction. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Bahreinifar,S., Sheon,N.M., Ling,P.M. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20111004 PMCID PMC3599427 Editors
Is there evidence for potential harm of electronic cigarette use in pregnancy?	2015	Baylor College of Medicine, Obstetrics & Gynecology, Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Houston, Texas.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Birth defects research.Part A, Clinical and molecular teratology Periodical, Abbrev. Birth Defects Res.A.Clin.Mol.Teratol. Pub Date Free Form Mar Volume 103 Issue 3 Start Page 186 Other Pages 195 Notes LR: 20160505; CI: (c) 2014; GR: K99 HD075858/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/United States; GR: K99HD075858/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/United States; GR: P30ES023512/ES/NIEHS NIH HHS/United States; GR: R01DK089201/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/United States; GR: R01NR014792/NR/NINR NIH HHS/Un Place of Publication United States ISSN/ISBN 1542-0760; 1542-0752 Accession Number PMID: 25366492 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; Review; IM DOI 10.1002/bdra.23333 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 25366492 Abstract BACKGROUND: Use of electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) and other nicotine containing products is increasing among women of reproductive age. The short- and long-term effects of these products on both mother and fetus are unknown. METHODS: Because e-cigarettes are nicotine delivery systems, we sought to conduct a comprehensive review of the effects of nicotine on the fetus. RESULTS: In utero nicotine exposure in animal models is associated with adverse effects for the offspring lung, cardiovascular system and brain. In the lung, this included reduced surface area, weight, and volume, as well as emphysema-like lesions. In adulthood, exposed offspring demonstrate elevated blood pressure and increased perivascular adipose tissue. In the brain, exposure alters offspring serotonergic, dopaminergic, and norepinephrine networks, which in turn are associated with behavioral and cognitive impairments. We also review current data on the lack of efficacy of nicotine replacement therapy in pregnant women, and highlight different nicotine containing products such as snuff, snus, and hookah. CONCLUSION: We conclude that no amount of nicotine is known to be safe during pregnancy, and studies specifically addressing this risk are crucial and an imminent public health issue. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Wiley Periodicals, Inc Data Source Authors Suter,M.A., Mastrobattista,J., Sachs,M., Aagaard,K. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20141104 PMCID PMC4830434 Editors
Is use of smokeless tobacco a risk factor for cigarette smoking? The U.S. experience	2003	University of Florida College of Dentistry, Division of Public Health Services and Research, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA. stomar@dental.ufl.edu	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco Periodical, Abbrev. Nicotine Tob.Res. Pub Date Free Form Aug Volume 5 Issue 4 Start Page 561 Other Pages 569 Notes LR: 20041117; JID: 9815751; CIN: Nicotine Tob Res. 2003 Aug;5(4):535-43. PMID: 12959791; ppublish Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1462-2203; 1462-2203 Accession Number PMID: 12959794 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; IM DOI JN4WYKHFM8W793FV [pii] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 12959794 Abstract Some researchers are promoting the use of smokeless tobacco as safer than cigarette smoking and as a possible method for quitting smoking, but smokeless tobacco might be a gateway drug that leads to smoking, and the availability and marketing of smokeless tobacco may keep smokers from quitting. This study assessed 4-year initiation rates of smokeless tobacco use and cigarette smoking in relation to each other and examined switching between the products. Data were from the 1989 Teenage Attitudes and Practices Survey and its 1993 follow-up study, comprising a nationally representative U.S. cohort of 7,960 people aged 11-19 years at baseline. Analyses were limited to males with complete data on smoking and smokeless tobacco use at both interviews (n=3,996). Young males who were not smokers in 1989 but regularly used smokeless tobacco were more than three times as likely as never users to be current smokers 4 years later (23.9% vs. 7.6%), adjusted OR=3.45 (95% CI=1.84-6.47). In contrast, 2.4% of current smokers and 1.5% of never smokers at baseline became current regular smokeless tobacco users by follow-up. More than 80% of baseline current smokers were still smokers 4 years later, and more than 40% of baseline current regular smokeless tobacco users became smokers either in addition to or in place of smokeless tobacco use. It appears that smokeless tobacco may be a starter product for subsequent smoking among young U.S. males but may have little effect on quitting smoking. Descriptors Adolescent, Adolescent Behavior, Adult, Attitude, Child, Cohort Studies, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Health Surveys, Humans, Male, Odds Ratio, Risk Factors, Sex Factors, Smoking/psychology, Smoking Cessation/psychology, Tobacco, Smokeless, United States Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Tomar,S. L. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Is waterpipe smoking becoming increasingly widespread among the youth?	2014	Department of Pediatric Nursing, Division of Nursing, School of Health Sciences, SakaryaUniversity, Sakarya, Turkey E-mail : ndede@sakarya.edu.tr.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention : APJCP Periodical, Abbrev. Asian Pac.J.Cancer.Prev. Pub Date Free Form Volume 15 Issue 18 Start Page 8005 Other Pages 8006 Notes JID: 101130625; ppublish Place of Publication Thailand ISSN/ISBN 1513-7368; 1513-7368 Accession Number PMID: 25292104 Language eng SubFile Letter; IM DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 25292104 Abstract Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Cinar,N., Cakmak,V. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Ischaemic heart disease in pregnancy	2012		Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full J Saudi Heart Assoc Periodical, Abbrev. Pub Date Free Form Volume 24 Issue 2 Start Page 89 Other Pages 97 Notes ID: 23960678 Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN Accession Number Language en SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract Ischaemic heart disease (IHD) in pregnancy, particularly myocardial infarction (MI), is a rare yet potentially fatal condition for the mother and the foetus. With delays in the age of conception, the changes in some social habits among females including cigarette and shisha smoking in addition to an increased prevalence of diabetes mellitus, IHD may represent a real hazard among pregnant women in the near future. The difficulty in the diagnosis emerges from the similarity of the signs and symptoms of ischaemia and infarct to some of the physiological adaptations that occur in a normal pregnancy. The physiological changes that are normal in pregnancy may aggravate pre-existing disease and may unmask some underlying unrecognized coronary vascular changes; therefore, the diagnosis requires a high index of suspicion and careful assessment of the underlying risk factors. The management of IHD always requires a multidisciplinary team approach. The management of each patient should be individualized according to the clinical condition, the risk factors, and the availability of the necessary support. Pregnancy after MI may be an acceptable and reasonably safe option provided the cited criteria are met. A systematic PubMed search was performed to identify all published data including cases reports, small series and systematic reviews in the existing literature. These publications were comprised of both retrospective and cross sectional population studies to maximize the number of cases considered in order to reach conclusions and make recommendations based on the best available evidence considering the rare occurrence of this event. The epidemiology, diagnosis, medical and surgical treatment, and prognosis of IHD in pregnancy are the subjects of the present review. Descriptors Links Book Title Database MEDLINE; http://www.globalhealthlibrary.net/ Publisher Data Source Authors Bondagji,Nabeel S. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors

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