WTS database

Title	Pub Year	Author Sort descending	SearchLink
The effect of long-term aspirin intake on the outcome of non-surgical periodontal therapy in smokers: a double-blind, randomized pilot study	2014	Department of Periodontology, College of Dentistry, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Journal of periodontal research Periodical, Abbrev. J.Periodontal.Res. Pub Date Free Form Feb Volume 49 Issue 1 Start Page 102 Other Pages 109 Notes CI: (c) 2013; JID: 0055107; 0 (Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal); 0 (Placebos); R16CO5Y76E (Aspirin); OTO: NOTNLM; 2013/03/09 [accepted]; 2013/04/18 [aheadofprint]; ppublish Place of Publication United States ISSN/ISBN 1600-0765; 0022-3484 Accession Number PMID: 23594239 Language eng SubFile Comparative Study; Journal Article; Randomized Controlled Trial; D; IM DOI 10.1111/jre.12085 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 23594239 Abstract OBJECTIVE: The objective of this parallel, double-blind, randomized pilot study was to determine the effect of a daily dose of 325 mg of aspirin (ASA) on the clinical outcomes of scaling and root planing in a selected group of adult smokers. BACKGROUND: The response to periodontal therapy is inferior among smokers compared to non-smokers. Long-term intake of ASA has been shown to exert a positive impact on reducing both the prevalence and severity of periodontitis, among high-risk groups of subjects such as heavy smokers and diabetics. It is reasonable to assume that systemic administration of ASA in conjunction with reduction of the bacterial load by scaling and root planing may improve and prolong the benefits of periodontal therapy. To date, only few prospective interventional clinical studies have specifically addressed the periodontal needs of smokers. METHODS: The study includes 24 smokers. The following clinical parameters were measured preoperatively and at 3, 6, 9 and 12 mo postoperatively: (i) gingival index; (ii) plaque index; (iii) probing depth; (iii) probing attachment level; (iv) gingival recession; and (v) bleeding scores. Study subjects received scaling and root planing over several visits and were randomly assigned into two equal groups; a control group (C), which received a placebo and a test group (T), which took a daily dose of 325 mg ASA. No additional therapy was provided over the 1 year observation period. RESULTS: There were more statistically significant differences (p /= 7 mm (T: -1.42; C: -02.09); mean percent reduction in sites with probing attachment level 3-4 mm (T: -3.63; C: 0.48 NS); mean percent reduction in sites with bleeding on probing (T: -12.37; C: -2.59 NS) (p Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher John Wiley & Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd Data Source Authors Shiloah,J., Bland,P.S., Scarbecz,M., Patters,M.R., Stein,S.H., Tipton,D.A. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20130418 PMCID Editors
The effects of non-surgical periodontal therapy on oxidant and anti-oxidant status in smokers with chronic periodontitis	2013	Department of Periodontology, Cumhuriyet University Faculty of Dentistry, Sivas, Turkey. aysun@cumhuriyet.edu.tr	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Archives of Oral Biology Periodical, Abbrev. Arch.Oral Biol. Pub Date Free Form Jun Volume 58 Issue 6 Start Page 717 Other Pages 723 Notes LR: 20151119; CI: Copyright (c) 2012; JID: 0116711; 0 (Antioxidants); 0 (Benzothiazoles); 0 (Fluorescent Dyes); 0 (Indicators and Reagents); 0 (Oxidants); 0 (Phenols); 0 (Sulfonic Acids); 0 (Sulfoxides); 28752-68-3 (2,2'-azino-di-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline)- Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1879-1506; 0003-9969 Accession Number PMID: 23261252 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; D; IM DOI 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2012.11.009 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 23261252 Abstract AIM: The aim of this study was to determine the effect of non-surgical periodontal treatment on gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) and serum oxidant-antioxidant levels in smoking and non-smoking patients with chronic periodontitis. METHODS: Twenty-nine patients with chronic periodontitis (15 smokers (CP-S) and 14 non-smokers (CP-NS)) and 20 periodontally healthy subjects (10 smokers (H-S) and 10 non-smokers (H-NS)) totalling 49 subjects were included in this study. GCF was collected from at least two pre-selected sites (one moderate and one deep pocket) in patients with CP. In the healthy group, GCF samples were collected from one site. Probing pocket depth, clinical attachment level (CAL), gingival and plaque indices, and bleeding on probing were measured. To determine serum total oxidant status (TOS) and total antioxidant status (TAS), venous blood was drawn from each subject. The GCF, serum sampling, and clinical measurements were recorded at baseline and 6 weeks after periodontal treatment. RESULTS: The study showed statistically significant improvement of clinical parameters after periodontal treatment in both smokers and non-smokers. In the CP-S group, there were no significant differences in GCF TAS levels at both moderate and deep pocket sites between baseline and 6 weeks (p>0.05). GCF TAS levels in the CP-NS groups were significantly increased (p0.05). Serum TOS levels in the CP-S and CP-NS groups were significantly decreased (p Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Elsevier Ltd Data Source Authors Akpinar,A., Toker,H., Ozdemir,H., Bostanci,V., Aydin,H. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20121220 PMCID Editors
Influence of smoking on interleukin-1beta level, oxidant status and antioxidant status in gingival crevicular fluid from chronic periodontitis patients before and after periodontal treatment	2012	Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Cumhuriyet University, Sivas, Turkey. tokerhulya@gmail.com	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Journal of periodontal research Periodical, Abbrev. J.Periodontal.Res. Pub Date Free Form Oct Volume 47 Issue 5 Start Page 572 Other Pages 577 Notes LR: 20151119; CI: (c) 2012; JID: 0055107; 0 (Antioxidants); 0 (Benzothiazoles); 0 (Chromogenic Compounds); 0 (Fluorescent Dyes); 0 (Indicators and Reagents); 0 (Interleukin-1beta); 0 (Oxidants); 0 (Phenols); 0 (Sulfonic Acids); 0 (Sulfoxides); 28752-68-3 Place of Publication United States ISSN/ISBN 1600-0765; 0022-3484 Accession Number PMID: 22364664 Language eng SubFile Comparative Study; Journal Article; D; IM DOI 10.1111/j.1600-0765.2012.01468.x [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 22364664 Abstract BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of smoking on the relationship between interleukin-1 (IL-1beta) and oxidation in patients with periodontitis and response to nonsurgical periodontal therapy. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Data were obtained from 30 patients with generalized chronic periodontitis (15 smokers and 15 nonsmokers) and from 10 periodontally healthy controls. IL-1beta level, total oxidant status (TOS) and total antioxidant status (TAS) were recorded in gingival crevicular fluid. Probing depth, clinical attachment level, gingival and plaque indices and bleeding on probing were also measured. The gingival crevicular fluid and clinical parameters were recorded at baseline and 6 wk after periodontal treatment. RESULTS: The study showed statistically significant improvement of clinical parameters in both smokers and nonsmokers after periodontal treatment. Moreover, the baseline IL-1beta levels were significantly higher in smokers compared with nonsmokers (p Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher John Wiley & Sons A/S Data Source Authors Toker,H., Akpinar,A., Aydin,H., Poyraz,O. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20120227 PMCID Editors
An assessment of periodontal health in patients with schizophrenia and taking antipsychotic medication	2013	Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Inonu University, Malatya, Turkey.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full International journal of dental hygiene Periodical, Abbrev. Int.J.Dent.Hyg. Pub Date Free Form May Volume 11 Issue 2 Start Page 78 Other Pages 83 Notes CI: (c) 2012; JID: 101168070; 0 (Antipsychotic Agents); 2012/05/15 [aheadofprint]; ppublish Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1601-5037; 1601-5029 Accession Number PMID: 22583707 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; D; IM DOI 10.1111/j.1601-5037.2012.00558.x [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 22583707 Abstract BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Severe periodontal disease is prevalent among patients with schizophrenia and is caused by the side effect of their medication, poor dental hygiene and smoking. The objective of this study was to evaluate whether the rate of periodontal disease could be modulated by changing the salivary flow rate (SFR) because of the use of antipsychotic medications in patients with schizophrenia. METHODS: Group A (n=33) included patients who used medications that may cause xerostomia, or dry mouth and Group B (n=20) included patients who used medications that may cause sialorrhea, an excessive secretion of saliva. The participants' periodontal status was assessed using the plaque index (PI), assessing bleeding on probing (BoP), probing pocket depth (PPD) and clinical attachment levels (CAL). RESULTS: The mean of PI and BoP was significantly higher in Group A than in Group B (P0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The researcher concluded that there is a high risk of periodontal disease among patients with schizophrenia, and there is an even higher risk of periodontal disease induced by medication that increased SFR. Preventive dental protocol should be increased during the dental health care of this disadvantaged patient group. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher John Wiley & Sons A/S Data Source Authors Eltas,A., Kartalci,S., Eltas,S.D., Dundar,S., Uslu,M.O. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20120515 PMCID Editors
Association between cigarette smoking and periodontal health	1997	Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Jordan University of Science & Technology, Irbid.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Quintessence international (Berlin, Germany : 1985) Periodical, Abbrev. Quintessence Int. Pub Date Free Form Aug Volume 28 Issue 8 Start Page 535 Other Pages 539 Notes LR: 20061115; JID: 0342677; ppublish Place of Publication ENGLAND ISSN/ISBN 0033-6572; 0033-6572 Accession Number PMID: 9477881 Language eng SubFile Comparative Study; Journal Article; D DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 9477881 Abstract The oral hygiene and periodontal status of smokers and nonsmokers were assessed and compared. Northern Jordanian adults, aged between 20 and 60 years, (998 subjects; 45% smokers and 55% nonsmokers) were asked for details of their personal data and smoking habits. Their oral hygiene and periodontal status was determined by using the Plaque Index and the Community Periodontal Index of Treatment Needs. Oral hygiene was poor in both smokers and nonsmokers; however, plaque and calculus scores were significantly higher in smokers than in nonsmokers. No significant difference was found between the two groups with regard to gingival bleeding on probing or shallow or deep pocketing. Descriptors Adult, Dental Plaque Index, Humans, Jordan, Middle Aged, Oral Health, Periodontal Diseases/etiology, Periodontal Index, Smoking/adverse effects Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Taani,D. S. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
The effect of the duration of the dialysis in hemodialysis patients on dental and periodontal findings	2009	Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun, Turkey. dtinanc@mynet.com	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Oral diseases Periodical, Abbrev. Oral Dis. Pub Date Free Form Jul Volume 15 Issue 5 Start Page 336 Other Pages 341 Notes JID: 9508565; 0 (Hemodialysis Solutions); 2009/03/23 [aheadofprint]; ppublish Place of Publication Denmark ISSN/ISBN 1601-0825; 1354-523X Accession Number PMID: 19320839 Language eng SubFile Comparative Study; Journal Article; D DOI 10.1111/j.1601-0825.2009.01530.x [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 19320839 Abstract OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the dental and periodontal health status of patients on regular hemodialysis (HD) maintenance therapy, and the effect of duration of HD on oral status. STUDY DESIGN: Sixty-eight HD patients and 41 controls were examined. Decayed, Missing or Filled Teeth (DMFT index), plague index (PI), gingival index (GI), Probing pocket depth (PPD) and loss of periodontal attachment (LPA) were examined. RESULTS: Except DMFT index, significant differences were found in the other index values between patients and controls (P < 0.01). Dialysis duration significantly correlated not with DMFT but with the others. Also, DMFT values showed no significant differences between the five HD subgroups. For the PI, GI and PPD values, the first 5-year period revealed no significant variation, whereas the second 5-year period included significant increases. After 10 years, a much more significant increase was observed. The LPA values did not show any significant differences between the HD subgroups, but after 10 years a significant progressive increase can be observed. CONCLUSIONS: The dental and periodontal health is poor in HD patients and becomes worse with time on dialysis. Thus, oral health maintenance is of utmost importance in this patient group. Descriptors Adult, Case-Control Studies, DMF Index, Dental Caries/classification, Dental Plaque Index, Disease Progression, Female, Gingival Hemorrhage/classification, Gingival Recession/classification, Hemodialysis Solutions/chemistry/therapeutic use, Humans, Kidney Failure, Chronic/therapy, Male, Middle Aged, Periodontal Attachment Loss/classification, Periodontal Diseases/classification, Periodontal Index, Periodontal Pocket/classification, Renal Dialysis/instrumentation, Smoking, Time Factors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Cengiz,M. I., Sumer,P., Cengiz,S., Yavuz,U. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20090323 PMCID Editors
Periodontal status of adult Sudanese habitual users of miswak chewing sticks or toothbrushes	2000	Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Bergen, Norway. Ismail.Darout@cih.uib.no	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Acta Odontologica Scandinavica Periodical, Abbrev. Acta Odontol.Scand. Pub Date Free Form Feb Volume 58 Issue 1 Start Page 25 Other Pages 30 Notes LR: 20061115; JID: 0370344; ppublish Place of Publication NORWAY ISSN/ISBN 0001-6357; 0001-6357 Accession Number PMID: 10809396 Language eng SubFile Comparative Study; Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; D; IM DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 10809396 Abstract Miswak chewing sticks are prepared from the roots or twigs of Salvadora persica plants. They are widely used as a traditional oral hygiene tool in several African and Middle Eastern countries. The aim of this study was to assess and compare the periodontal status of adult Sudanese habitual miswak and toothbrush users. The study population comprised male miswak users (n = 109) and toothbrush users (n = 104) with age range 20-65 years (mean 36.6 years) having 18 or more teeth present. They were recruited among employees and students at the Medical Sciences Campus in Khartoum, Sudan. One examiner used the Community Periodontal Index (CPI) to score gingival bleeding, supragingival dental calculus, and probing pocket depth of the index teeth of each sextant. In addition, the attachment level was measured, which, along with the CPI, was used to assess the periodontal status of the two test groups. Gingival bleeding and dental calculus were highly prevalent in the study population. Approximately 10% of the subjects had > or =4 mm probing depth and 51% had > or =4 mm attachment loss in one or more sextants. Subjects in the age group 40-65 years had a significantly (p or =4 mm probing depth and attachment loss than the 30-39 years group. Miswak users had significantly (p or =4 mm probing depth and higher > or =4 mm attachment loss as well as a tendency (p = 0.09) to lower gingival bleeding in the posterior sextants than did toothbrush users. These differences were not significant in the anterior sextants. It is concluded that the periodontal status of miswak users in this Sudanese population is better than that of toothbrush users, suggesting that the efficacy of miswak use for oral hygiene in this group is comparable or slightly better than a toothbrush. Given the availability and low cost of miswak, it should be recommended for use in motivated persons in developing countries. Descriptors Adult, Aged, Analysis of Variance, Dental Calculus/classification, Developing Countries, Gingival Hemorrhage/classification, Humans, Male, Medicine, Traditional, Middle Aged, Oral Hygiene/instrumentation, Periodontal Attachment Loss/classification, Periodontal Diseases/complications, Periodontal Index, Periodontal Pocket/classification, Plants, Medicinal, Prevalence, Sudan, Toothbrushing/instrumentation Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Darout,I. A., Albandar,J. M., Skaug,N. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Salivary calcium concentration in relation to periodontal health of female tobacco smokers: a pilot study	2010	Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary. kissendre@stoma.szote	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Quintessence international (Berlin, Germany : 1985) Periodical, Abbrev. Quintessence Int. Pub Date Free Form Oct Volume 41 Issue 9 Start Page 779 Other Pages 785 Notes LR: 20131121; JID: 0342677; SY7Q814VUP (Calcium); ppublish Place of Publication Germany ISSN/ISBN 1936-7163; 0033-6572 Accession Number PMID: 20806103 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; D DOI 19524 [pii] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 20806103 Abstract OBJECTIVE: The aim of this pilot study was to assess the possibility of differences in the calcium concentration of the saliva between smoker and nonsmoker patients with or without periodontitis. METHOD AND MATERIALS: A total of 44 women were enrolled in this study. Exclusion criteria were severe general health problems, the prescription of medication, and fewer than 16 remaining teeth. The study population comprised 24 smokers (4 periodontitis free, 16 with chronic and 4 with aggressive periodontitis; mean age 50.2 years +/- 6.9) and 20 nonsmokers (10 periodontitis free, 9 with chronic and 1 with aggressive periodontitis; mean age 54.7 years +/- 15.6). Clinical parameters (bone loss; plaque, gingival and calculus indices; and pocket depth) were recorded, and stimulated saliva samples were collected. The calcium concentration of each saliva sample was measured by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Statistical analysis was performed with the MANOVA test. RESULTS: The mean salivary calcium level in the smokers (57.76 mug/mL +/- 18.8) was significantly (P < .05) higher than in the nonsmokers (44.6 mug/mL +/- 7.8). Periodontal examination revealed significantly greater bone loss, a deeper mean probing depth, and a higher amount of calculus (P < .05) among the smokers. However, there were no statistically significant differences between the smokers and the nonsmokers as concerns the plaque and bleeding indices. CONCLUSIONS: Within their limits, the present findings seem to indicate that patients with periodontitis who smoke exhibit higher salivary calcium levels than those in nonsmokers. However, the clinical significance of these findings remains to be determined in large-scale controlled studies. Descriptors Adult, Aged, Aggressive Periodontitis/classification/metabolism, Alveolar Bone Loss/classification, Calcium/analysis, Chronic Periodontitis/classification/metabolism, Dental Calculus/classification, Dental Plaque Index, Female, Gingival Hemorrhage/classification, Humans, Middle Aged, Oral Hygiene Index, Periodontal Index, Periodontal Pocket/classification, Pilot Projects, Saliva/chemistry, Smoking/metabolism, Spectrophotometry, Atomic Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Kiss,E., Sewon,L., Gorzo,I., Nagy,K. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
A 10-year prospective study of tobacco smoking and periodontal health	2000	Department of Periodontology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Journal of periodontology Periodical, Abbrev. J.Periodontol. Pub Date Free Form Aug Volume 71 Issue 8 Start Page 1338 Other Pages 1347 Notes LR: 20061115; JID: 8000345; ppublish Place of Publication UNITED STATES ISSN/ISBN 0022-3492; 0022-3492 Accession Number PMID: 10972650 Language eng SubFile Comparative Study; Journal Article; D; IM DOI 10.1902/jop.2000.71.8.1338 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 10972650 Abstract BACKGROUND: To date only a few studies have evaluated the long-term influence of smoking and smoking cessation on periodontal health. The present study, therefore, was undertaken with the aim to prospectively investigate the influence of smoking exposure over time on the periodontal health condition in a targeted population before and after a follow-up interval of 10 years. METHODS: The primary study base consisted of a population of occupational musicians that was investigated the first time in 1982 and scheduled for reinvestigation in 1992 and 2002. The 1992 investigation included 101 individuals from the baseline study constituting a prospective cohort including 16 smokers, who had continued to smoke throughout the entire length of the 10-year period; 28 former smokers who had ceased smoking an average of approximately 9 years before the commencement of the baseline study; 40 non-smokers, who denied ever having smoked tobacco; and 17 individuals whose smoking pattern changed or for whom incomplete data were available. The clinical and radiographic variables used for the assessment of the periodontal health condition of the individual were frequency of periodontally diseased sites (probing depth > or =4 mm), gingival bleeding (%), and periodontal bone height (%). The oral hygiene standard was evaluated by means of a standard plaque index. RESULTS: The changes over the 10 years with respect to frequency of diseased sites indicated an increased frequency in continuous smokers versus decreased frequencies in former smokers and non-smokers. Controlling for age and frequency of diseased sites at baseline, the 10-year change was significantly associated with smoking (P <0.001). The differences between current smokers and non-smokers, and between current and former smokers, respectively, were statistically significant (P<0.001). Moreover, the 10-year change increased significantly with increasing smoking exposure controlling for age (P= 0.01). In terms of periodontal bone height, the 10-year changes implied statistically significant reductions within current as well as former smokers (P <0.001 and P <0.05, respectively), but not within non-smokers. The overall change was significantly associated with smoking controlling for age and bone height level at baseline (P<0.01), including statistically significant differences between current smokers and non-smokers and between current and former smokers, respectively (P<0.05). Moreover, the 10-year bone height reduction increased significantly with increasing smoking exposure controlling for age (P <0.05). With regard to gingival bleeding, the 10-year differences between smoking groups were not statistically significant. Plaque index remained low throughout in all smoking groups at an overall average level of about 0.8. CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that periodontal health is compromised by chronic smoking as evidenced by an increase of periodontally diseased sites concomitant with loss of periodontal bone height, as compared to non-smokers whose periodontal health condition remained unaltered throughout the 10-year period of investigation. The periodontal health condition in former smokers, similar to that of non-smokers, remained stable, suggesting that smoking cessation is beneficial to periodontal health. Descriptors Adult, Age Factors, Aged, Alveolar Bone Loss/epidemiology, Analysis of Variance, Cohort Studies, Dental Plaque Index, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Gingival Hemorrhage/epidemiology, Humans, Linear Models, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Middle Aged, Music, Observer Variation, Oral Hygiene, Periodontal Diseases/epidemiology, Periodontal Pocket/epidemiology, Population Surveillance, Prospective Studies, Regression Analysis, Smoking/epidemiology, Smoking Cessation/statistics & numerical data, Sweden/epidemiology Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Bergstrom,J., Eliasson,S., Dock,J. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Effects of smoking on clinical parameters and the gingival crevicular fluid levels of IL-6 and TNF-alpha in patients with chronic periodontitis	2004	Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey. ebruerdemir@hotmail.com	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Journal of clinical periodontology Periodical, Abbrev. J.Clin.Periodontol. Pub Date Free Form Feb Volume 31 Issue 2 Start Page 99 Other Pages 104 Notes LR: 20061115; CI: Copyright Blackwell Munksgaard, 2004; JID: 0425123; 0 (Interleukin-6); 0 (Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha); ppublish Place of Publication Denmark ISSN/ISBN 0303-6979; 0303-6979 Accession Number PMID: 15016034 Language eng SubFile Comparative Study; Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; D; IM DOI 10.1111/j.0303-6979.2004.00454.x [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 15016034 Abstract OBJECTIVE: Smoking is an important environmental risk factor for the initiation and progression of periodontal diseases. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of smoking on clinical parameters and the gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) contents of the pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) levels in patients with chronic periodontitis. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study base consisted of 41 patients including 22 volunteer current smokers with an age range of 32-59 (44.41+/-7.88) years and 19 volunteer non-smokers with an age range of 36-59 (46.94+/-6.07) years. The first month after non-surgical periodontal therapy was accepted as the baseline of the study. The clinical parameters including plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), bleeding on probing (BOP), probing depth (PD), clinical attachment loss (CAL) were recorded and GCF samples were collected for analysis of GCF contents of IL-6 and TNF-alpha levels. At the 3rd and 6th months, all of these procedures were repeated. RESULTS: In smokers, only CAL was significantly higher at the 3rd month compared with non-smokers (p0.05), the total amount of TNF-alpha in GCF decreased from the initial to the 6th month in smokers (p0.05). CONCLUSION: The present study demonstrated that cigarette smoking increases the amount of dental plaque over time in smokers and does not influence GCF contents of IL-6 and TNF-alpha. Descriptors Adult, Analysis of Variance, Chronic Disease, Dental Plaque Index, Dental Scaling, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Gingival Crevicular Fluid/chemistry, Gingival Hemorrhage/physiopathology, Humans, Interleukin-6/analysis, Male, Middle Aged, Periodontal Attachment Loss/physiopathology, Periodontal Index, Periodontal Pocket/physiopathology, Periodontitis/physiopathology/therapy, Root Planing, Smoking/physiopathology, Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/analysis Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Erdemir,E. O., Duran,I., Haliloglu,S. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors

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