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WTS Database
The subject of interest is:
waterpipe, water-pipe, nargile, narghile, arguileh, arguile, shisha, sheesha, chichi, hubble bubble, hubbly bubbly, goza, hookah, bong
| Title | Pub Year | Author | SearchLink Sort descending |
|---|---|---|---|
| Patent foramen ovale closure in recreational divers: effect on decompression illness and ischaemic brain lesions during long-term follow-up | 2011 | Department of Cardiology, University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland. | Read more... |
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Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Heart (British Cardiac Society)
Periodical, Abbrev.
Heart
Pub Date Free Form
Dec
Volume
97
Issue
23
Start Page
1932
Other Pages
1937
Notes
LR: 20140730; JID: 9602087; 2011/09/13 [aheadofprint]; ppublish
Place of Publication
England
ISSN/ISBN
1468-201X; 1355-6037
Accession Number
PMID: 21917666
Language
eng
SubFile
Journal Article; AIM; IM
DOI
10.1136/heartjnl-2011-300436 [doi]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
21917666
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To test the effect of patent foramen ovale (PFO) closure on neurological events in divers. DESIGN: Prospective, non-randomised, longitudinal three-arm study. SETTING: Tertiary referral centre. POPULATION: 104 scuba divers with a history of major decompression illness (DCI). INTERVENTION: Transcutaneous PFO closure. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Baseline and three follow-up examinations with a questionnaire about health status and diving habits/accidents, transoesophageal echocardiography at baseline for PFO grading, cerebral MRI at all examinations. RESULTS: 39 divers had no PFO, 26 had a PFO and chose to undergo percutaneous closure and 39 had a PFO, but decided not to undergo closure. The total number of dives, including those performed before baseline and those during long-term follow-up, was 81,654; 18,394 dives during the follow-up period of 5.3 +/- 0.3 years, during which there were a total of five major neurological DCI events-namely 0 in the no PFO group, 0.5 +/- 2.5/10(4) dives in the PFO closure group and 35.8 +/- 102.5/10(4) dives in the PFO no closure group (four events; p = 0.045 between the PFO groups). In the groups, no PFO, PFO closure and PFO no closure, there were 1.1 +/- 2.6, 0.8 +/- 1.4, 3.3 +/- 6.9 ischaemic brain lesions, respectively, at follow-up (p = 0.039 between the PFO groups)-that is, 16 +/- 42/10(4) dives in the no PFO group, 6 +/- 13/10(4) dives in the PFO closure group and 104 +/- 246/10(4) dives in the PFO no closure group (overall p = 0.042; p = 0.024 between the PFO groups). CONCLUSION: PFO closure in continuing divers appears to prevent symptomatic (major DCI) and asymptomatic (ischaemic brain lesions) neurological events during long-term follow-up.
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Book Title
Database
Publisher
Data Source
Authors
Billinger,M., Zbinden,R., Mordasini,R., Windecker,S., Schwerzmann,M., Meier,B., Seiler,C.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
20110913
PMCID
Editors
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| Effectiveness of the European Union text-only cigarette health warnings: findings from four countries | 2012 | Department of Psychology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada. schitchm@uwaterloo.ca | Read more... |
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Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
European journal of public health
Periodical, Abbrev.
Eur.J.Public Health
Pub Date Free Form
Oct
Volume
22
Issue
5
Start Page
693
Other Pages
699
Notes
LR: 20150203; GR: 79551/Canadian Institutes of Health Research/Canada; GR: C312/A6465/Cancer Research UK/United Kingdom; GR: P50 CA111236/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States; GR: R01 CA100362/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States; JID: 9204966; OID: NLM: PMC3457002; 2011
Place of Publication
England
ISSN/ISBN
1464-360X; 1101-1262
Accession Number
PMID: 21920847
Language
eng
SubFile
Evaluation Studies; Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM
DOI
ckr099 [pii]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
21920847
Abstract
BACKGROUND: The European Commission requires tobacco products sold in the European Union to display standardized text health warnings. This article examines the effectiveness of the text health warnings among daily cigarette smokers in four Member States. METHODS: Data were drawn from nationally representative samples of smokers from the International Tobacco Control Policy Evaluation Project surveys in France (2007), Germany (2007), the Netherlands (2008) and the UK (2006). We examined: (i) smokers' ratings of the health warnings on warning salience, thoughts of harm and quitting and forgoing of cigarettes; (ii) impact of the warnings using a Labels Impact Index (LII), with higher scores signifying greater impact; and (iii) differences on the LII by demographic characteristics and smoking behaviour. RESULTS: Scores on the LII differed significantly across countries. Scores were highest in France, lower in the UK, and lowest in Germany and the Netherlands. Across all countries, scores were significantly higher among low-income smokers, smokers who had made a quit attempt in the past year and smokers who smoked fewer cigarettes per day. CONCLUSION: The impact of the health warnings varies greatly across countries. Impact tended to be highest in countries with more comprehensive tobacco control programmes. Because the impact of the warnings was highest among smokers with the lowest socioeconomic status (SES), this research suggests that health warnings could be more effective among smokers from lower SES groups. Differences in warning label impact by SES should be further investigated.
Descriptors
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Data Source
Authors
Hitchman,S.C., Mons,U., Nagelhout,G.E., Guignard,R., Mcneill,A., Willemsen,M.C., Driezen,P., Wilquin,J.L., Beck,F., Du-Roscoat,E., Potschke-Langer,M., Hammond,D., Fong,G.T.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
20110915
PMCID
PMC3457002
Editors
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| Bond strength of adhesive systems to Er,Cr:YSGG laser-irradiated dentin | 2011 | Department of Restorative Dentistry, Piracicaba Dental School, Campinas State University, SP, Brazil. | Read more... |
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Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Photomedicine and laser surgery
Periodical, Abbrev.
Photomed.Laser Surg.
Pub Date Free Form
Nov
Volume
29
Issue
11
Start Page
747
Other Pages
752
Notes
LR: 20141120; JID: 101222340; 0 (Dentin-Bonding Agents); 2011/09/16 [aheadofprint]; ppublish
Place of Publication
United States
ISSN/ISBN
1557-8550; 1549-5418
Accession Number
PMID: 21923283
Language
eng
SubFile
Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM
DOI
10.1089/pho.2010.2983 [doi]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
21923283
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of Er,Cr:YSGG laser irradiation and different adhesive procedures on bond strength of two bonding agents to dentin. BACKGROUND DATA: Studies have shown that laser-irradiated dentinal tissue yields lower bond strengths than does nonirradiated dentin. In this study, different treatment methods of laser irradiating dentin were studied to enhance the bond strength of bonding agents to nonirradiated dentin. METHODS: Third molars were wet ground with SiC until the occlusal flat dentin surface was exposed, and the teeth were randomly assigned to six groups (n=5). A two-step self-etching primer (Clearfil SE Bond, G1) and a two-step etch-and-rinse adhesive (Single Bond Plus, G2) were applied to the nonirradiated dentin surface according to manufacturer's instructions, as control groups. In G3 and G4, the same adhesives were applied after Er,Cr:YSGG laser irradiation, whereas in G5 and G6 adhesives were applied after Er,Cr:YSGG laser irradiation, phosphoric acid etching, and NaOCl deproteinization of etched dentin. The Er,Cr:YSGG laser worked at 2.78??m and the repetition rate was fixed at 20?Hz. Composite blocks were built on bonded surfaces and the teeth were stored for 24?h at 37?C. Restored teeth were vertically and serially sectioned to obtain bonded specimens for the bond strength test. Data were analyzed by two-way ANOVA and Tukey test (?=5%). RESULTS: Laser irradiation reduced bond strengths for the two adhesives, regardless of acid etching and deproteinization of dentin post-irradiation (p
Descriptors
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Publisher
Data Source
Authors
Carvalho,A.O., Reis,A.F., de Oliveira,M.T., de Freitas,P.C., Aranha,A.C., Eduardo Cde,P., Giannini,M.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
20110916
PMCID
Editors
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| Prevalence and patterns of commonly abused psychoactive prescription drugs in a sample of university students from Lebanon: an opportunity for cross-cultural comparisons | 2012 | Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, American University of Beirut, 1107-2020 Lebanon. lg01@aub.edu.lb | Read more... |
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Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Drug and alcohol dependence
Periodical, Abbrev.
Drug Alcohol Depend.
Pub Date Free Form
1-Feb
Volume
121
Issue
2-Jan
Start Page
110
Other Pages
117
Notes
LR: 20151119; CI: Copyright (c) 2011; GR: DA020667/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States; GR: DA023434/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States; GR: HD060072/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/United States; GR: R01 HD060072/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/United States; GR: R03 DA023434/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/Un
Place of Publication
Ireland
ISSN/ISBN
1879-0046; 0376-8716
Accession Number
PMID: 21924844
Language
eng
SubFile
Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM
DOI
10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2011.08.021 [doi]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
21924844
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Concerns about psychoactive prescription drug abuse among youth are growing worldwide, but the majority of published studies remain from the US and Canada impeding cross-cultural comparisons. This study examines the prevalence, sources, motivations and substance-use correlates of commonly abused medications among youth from Lebanon. METHODS: An IRB-approved cross-sectional study was conducted (May 2010) at the American University of Beirut. Proportionate cluster sampling was used to generate a representative sample of AUB students (n=570). A self-filled anonymous questionnaire was administered. RESULTS: Lifetime medical and nonmedical prevalence of medications were (respectively): pain (36.9%, 15.1%), anxiety (8.3%, 4.6%), sleeping (6.5%, 5.8%) and stimulants (2.6%, 3.5%). Gender differences were not observed. Lebanese were least likely to report non-medical use. Nonmedical users mostly used the drugs for their intended purpose (e.g., sleeping to help in sleep, stimulants to increase alertness). Parents and pharmacists (without a doctor's prescription) were the top two sources of all medications, except for stimulants (friends predominated). Diversion was observed in about 20% of the medical users. Lifetime marijuana users and past year alcohol abusers were three times as likely to use any prescription drug nonmedically. CONCLUSIONS: In Lebanon, as in Western cultures, a considerable proportion of youth may be self-medicating. The absence of medical supervision coupled with motivations such as "to get high" renders this issue a high priority on the national youth agenda. Besides larger more comprehensive surveys, the findings signal the immediate need to reinforce relevant policies, and raise awareness among youth, parents, health professionals and other stakeholders.
Descriptors
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
Elsevier Ireland Ltd
Data Source
Authors
Ghandour,L.A., El Sayed,D.S., Martins,S.S.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
20110915
PMCID
PMC3654541
Editors
|
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| Impact of the Italian smoking ban and comparison with the evaluation of the Scottish ban | 2011 | SC Epidemiologia ambientale occupazionale - ISPO, Firenze. g.gorini@ispo.toscana.it | Read more... |
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Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Epidemiologia e prevenzione
Periodical, Abbrev.
Epidemiol.Prev.
Pub Date Free Form
May-Aug
Volume
35
Issue
3-4 Suppl 1
Start Page
4
Other Pages
18
Notes
LR: 20151119; JID: 8902507; 0 (Air Pollutants); 0 (Biomarkers); 0 (Tobacco Smoke Pollution); 6M3C89ZY6R (Nicotine); K5161X06LL (Cotinine); CIN: Epidemiol Prev. 2011 May-Aug;35(3-4):174. PMID: 21914912; ppublish
Place of Publication
Italy
ISSN/ISBN
1120-9763; 1120-9763
Accession Number
PMID: 21926450
Language
ita
SubFile
Comparative Study; English Abstract; Journal Article; Review; IM
DOI
materiali/2011/EP2011_I3-4S1_004.pdf [pii]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
21926450
Abstract
The Italian smoking ban entered into force on January 10th, 2005, and banned smoking from enclosed workplaces and hospitality premises (HPs), even though provided separated smoking areas. Actually, only 1-2%of HPs built these areas, while no figures are available on the prevalence of smoking rooms in workplaces other than HPs. Italians were more in favour of the law after the ban. In 2008 Italians were the Europeans most in favour of a national smoking ban (88%). Measurements of environmental nicotine and particulate matter with a diameter
Descriptors
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
Data Source
Authors
Gorini,G.
Original/Translated Title
Valutazione di impatto della Legge Sirchia e confronto con la Scozia
URL
Date of Electronic
PMCID
Editors
|
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| The SCIDOTS Project: evidence of benefits of an integrated tobacco cessation intervention in tuberculosis care on treatment outcomes | 2011 | Clinical Pharmacy and Practice Section, College of Pharmacy, Qatar University, P.O. Box 2713, Doha, Qatar. aawaisu@qu.edu.qa | Read more... |
|
Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Substance abuse treatment, prevention, and policy
Periodical, Abbrev.
Subst.Abuse Treat.Prev.Policy.
Pub Date Free Form
23-Sep
Volume
6
Issue
Start Page
26
Other Pages
597X-6-26
Notes
LR: 20150129; JID: 101258060; OID: NLM: PMC3196696; 2011/05/26 [received]; 2011/09/23 [accepted]; 2011/09/23 [aheadofprint]; epublish
Place of Publication
England
ISSN/ISBN
1747-597X; 1747-597X
Accession Number
PMID: 21943384
Language
eng
SubFile
Controlled Clinical Trial; Journal Article; Multicenter Study; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM
DOI
10.1186/1747-597X-6-26 [doi]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
21943384
Abstract
BACKGROUND: There is substantial evidence to support the association between tuberculosis (TB) and tobacco smoking and that the smoking-related immunological abnormalities in TB are reversible within six weeks of cessation. Therefore, connecting TB and tobacco cessation interventions may produce significant benefits and positively impact TB treatment outcomes. However, no study has extensively documented the evidence of benefits of such integration. SCIDOTS Project is a study from the context of a developing nation aimed to determine this. METHODS: An integrated TB-tobacco intervention was provided by trained TB directly observed therapy short-course (DOTS) providers at five chest clinics in Malaysia. The study was a prospective non-randomized controlled intervention using quasi-experimental design. Using Transtheoretical Model approach, 120 eligible participants who were current smokers at the time of TB diagnosis were assigned to either of two treatment groups: conventional TB DOTS plus smoking cessation intervention (integrated intervention or SCIDOTS group) or conventional TB DOTS alone (comparison or DOTS group). At baseline, newly diagnosed TB patients considering quitting smoking within the next 30 days were placed in the integrated intervention group, while those who were contemplating quitting were assigned to the comparison group. Eleven sessions of individualized cognitive behavioral therapy with or without nicotine replacement therapy were provided to each participant in the integrated intervention group. The impacts of the novel approach on biochemically validated smoking cessation and TB treatment outcomes were measured periodically as appropriate. RESULTS: A linear effect on both 7-day point prevalence abstinence and continuous abstinence was observed over time in the intervention group. At the end of 6 months, patients who received the integrated intervention had significantly higher rate of success in quitting smoking when compared with those who received the conventional TB treatment alone (77.5% vs. 8.7%; p
Descriptors
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Book Title
Database
Publisher
Data Source
Authors
Awaisu,A., Nik Mohamed,M.H., Mohamad Noordin,N., Abd Aziz,N., Syed Sulaiman,S.A., Muttalif,A.R., Ahmad Mahayiddin,A.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
20110923
PMCID
PMC3196696
Editors
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| Fatal alveolar haemorrhage following a "bang" of cannabis | 2011 | Service de pneumologie, hopital d'instruction des armees, 29240 Brest Armees, France. | Read more... |
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Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Revue des maladies respiratoires
Periodical, Abbrev.
Rev.Mal.Respir.
Pub Date Free Form
Sep
Volume
28
Issue
7
Start Page
919
Other Pages
923
Notes
CI: Copyright (c) 2011; JID: 8408032; 0 (Acids); 0 (Anti-Bacterial Agents); 0 (Plastics); CIN: Rev Mal Respir. 2011 Sep;28(7):854-5. PMID: 21943529; 2009/08/26 [received]; 2011/01/04 [accepted]; 2011/07/07 [aheadofprint]; ppublish
Place of Publication
France
ISSN/ISBN
1776-2588; 0761-8425
Accession Number
PMID: 21943539
Language
fre
SubFile
Case Reports; English Abstract; Journal Article; IM
DOI
10.1016/j.rmr.2011.05.005 [doi]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
21943539
Abstract
The new methods of cannabis consumption (home made water pipe or "bang") may be responsible for fatal respiratory complications. We present a case, with fatal outcome, of a man of 19 years with no previous history other than an addiction to cannabis using "bang". He was admitted to intensive care with acute dyspnoea. A CT scan showed bilateral, diffuse alveolar shadowing. He was anaemic with an Hb of 9.3g/l. Bronchoalveolar lavage revealed massive alveolar haemorrhage. Investigations for infection and immunological disorder were negative and toxicology was negative except for cannabis. Antibiotic treatment was given and favourable progress allowed early discharge. Death occurred 15 days later due to alveolar haemorrhage following a further "bang" of cannabis. Autopsy showed toxic alveolar haemorrhage. The probable mechanism is pulmonary damage due to acid anhydrides released by the incomplete combustion of cannabis in contact with plastic. These acids have a double effect on the lungs: a direct toxicity with severe inflammation of the mucosa leading to alveolar haemorrhage and subsequently the acid anhydrides may lead to the syndrome of intra-alveolar haemorrhage and anaemia described in occupational lung diseases by Herbert in Oxford in 1979. It manifests itself by haemoptysis and intravascular haemolysis. We draw attention to the extremely serious potential consequences of new methods of using cannabis, particularly the use of "bang" in homemade plastic materials.
Descriptors
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
SPLF. Published by Elsevier Masson SAS
Data Source
Authors
Grassin,F., Andre,M., Rallec,B., Combes,E., Vinsonneau,U., Paleiron,N.
Original/Translated Title
Hemorragie alveolaire fatale apres bang de cannabis
URL
Date of Electronic
20110707
PMCID
Editors
|
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| The neuroprotective effect of vitamin E on chronic sleep deprivation-induced memory impairment: the role of oxidative stress | 2012 | Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan. khalzoubi@just.edu.jo | Read more... |
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Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Behavioural brain research
Periodical, Abbrev.
Behav.Brain Res.
Pub Date Free Form
1-Jan
Volume
226
Issue
1
Start Page
205
Other Pages
210
Notes
LR: 20131121; CI: Copyright (c) 2011; JID: 8004872; 0 (Neuroprotective Agents); 1406-18-4 (Vitamin E); EC 1.11.1.6 (Catalase); EC 1.15.1.1 (Superoxide Dismutase); GAN16C9B8O (Glutathione); 2011/07/09 [received]; 2011/09/06 [revised]; 2011/09/10 [accepted]
Place of Publication
Netherlands
ISSN/ISBN
1872-7549; 0166-4328
Accession Number
PMID: 21944940
Language
eng
SubFile
Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM
DOI
10.1016/j.bbr.2011.09.017 [doi]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
21944940
Abstract
Sleep deprivation induces oxidative stress and impairs learning and memory processes. Vitamin E, on the other hand, is a strong antioxidant that has neuroprotective effect on the brain. In this study, we examined the potential protective effect of chronic administration of vitamin E on chronic sleep deprivation-induced cognitive impairment. In addition, possible molecular targets for vitamin E effects on chronic sleep deprivation-induced cognitive impairment were determined. Sleep deprivation was induced in rats using modified multiple platform model. Vitamin E (100mg/kg) was administered to animals by oral gavage. Behavioral study was conducted to test the spatial learning and memory using the radial arm water maze (RAWM). In addition, the hippocampus was dissected out and antioxidant markers including glutathione (GSH), oxidized glutathione (GSSG) and GSH/GSSG, glutathione peroxidase (GPx), catalase, and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were assessed. The results of this project revealed that chronic sleep deprivation impaired both (short- and long-term) memories (P
Descriptors
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
Elsevier B.V
Data Source
Authors
Alzoubi,K.H., Khabour,O.F., Rashid,B.A., Damaj,I.M., Salah,H.A.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
20110916
PMCID
Editors
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| Morphology of resin-dentin interfaces after Er,Cr:YSGG laser and acid etching preparation and application of different bonding systems | 2012 | Department of Conservative Dentistry, Dental School, Bernhard Gottlieb University Clinic of Dentistry, Vienna, Austria. dr.beer@med.at | Read more... |
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Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Lasers in medical science
Periodical, Abbrev.
Lasers Med.Sci.
Pub Date Free Form
Jul
Volume
27
Issue
4
Start Page
835
Other Pages
841
Notes
JID: 8611515; 0 (Adhesives); 0 (Composite Resins); 0 (Dentin-Bonding Agents); 0 (Phosphoric Acids); E4GA8884NN (phosphoric acid); 2011/02/22 [received]; 2011/07/25 [accepted]; 2011/08/26 [aheadofprint]; ppublish
Place of Publication
England
ISSN/ISBN
1435-604X; 0268-8921
Accession Number
PMID: 21948398
Language
eng
SubFile
Journal Article; IM
DOI
10.1007/s10103-011-0979-x [doi]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
21948398
Abstract
The goal of this study was to show the modifications in the ultrastructure of the dentin surface morphology following different surface treatments. The stability of the adhesive compound with dentin after laser preparation compared with conventional preparation using different bonding agents was evaluated. An Er,Cr:YSGG laser and 36% phosphoric acid in combination with various bonding systems were used. A total of 100 caries-free human third molars were used in this study. Immediately after surgical removal teeth were cut using a band saw and 1-mm thick dentin slices were created starting at a distance of 4 mm from the cusp plane to ensure complete removal of the enamel. The discs were polished with silicon carbide paper into rectangular shapes to a size of 6 x 4 mm (+/-0,2 mm).The discs as well as the remaining teeth stumps were stored in 0.9% NaCl at room temperature. The specimens were divided into three main groups (group I laser group, group II etch group, group III laser and etch group) and each group was subdivided into three subgroups which were allocated to the different bonding systems (subgroup A Excite, subgroup B Scotchbond, subgroup C Syntac). Each disc and the corresponding tooth stump were treated in the same way. After preparation the bonding composite material was applied according to the manufacturers' guidelines in a hollow tube of 2 mm diameter to the disc as well as to the corresponding tooth stump. Shear bond strength testing and environmental scanning electron microscopy were used to assess the morphology and stability of the resin-dentin interface. The self-etching bonding system showed the highest and the most constant shear values in all three main groups, thus enabling etching with phosphoric acid after laser preparation to be avoided. Thus we conclude that laser preparation creates a surface texture that allows prediction of the quality of the restoration without the risk of negative influences during the following treatment steps. This can easily and repeatedly be achieved.
Descriptors
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Book Title
Database
Publisher
Data Source
Authors
Beer,F., Buchmair,A., Korpert,W., Marvastian,L., Wernisch,J., Moritz,A.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
20110826
PMCID
Editors
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| Observation of increased venous gas emboli after wet dives compared to dry dives | 2011 | Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway. andreas.mollerlokken@ntnu.no | Read more... |
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Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Diving and hyperbaric medicine
Periodical, Abbrev.
Diving.Hyperb.Med.
Pub Date Free Form
Sep
Volume
41
Issue
3
Start Page
124
Other Pages
128
Notes
LR: 20141212; JID: 101282742; 2011/01/27 [received]; 2011/07/21 [accepted]; ppublish
Place of Publication
Australia
ISSN/ISBN
1833-3516; 1833-3516
Accession Number
PMID: 21948496
Language
eng
SubFile
Comparative Study; Journal Article; Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM
DOI
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
21948496
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: Testing of decompression procedures has been performed both in the dry and during immersion, assuming that the results can be directly compared. To test this, the aim of the present paper was to compare the number of venous gas bubbles observed following a short, deep and a shallow, long air dive performed dry in a hyperbaric chamber and following actual dives in open water. METHODS: Fourteen experienced male divers participated in the study; seven performed dry and wet dives to 24 metres' sea water (msw) for 70 minutes; seven divers performed dry and wet dives to 54 msw for 20 minutes. Decompression followed a Buhlmann decompression procedure. Immediately following the dive, pulmonary artery bubble formation was monitored for two hours. The results were graded according to the method of Eftedal and Brubakk. RESULTS: All divers completed the dive protocol, none of them showed any signs of decompression sickness. During the observation period, following the shallow dives, the bubbles increased from 0.1 bubbles per cm (2) after the dry dive to 1.4 bubbles per cm (2) after the wet dive. Following the deep dives, the bubbles increased from 0.1 bubbles per cm (2) in the dry dive to 2.4 bubbles per cm (2) in the wet dive. Both results are highly significant (P = 0.0001 or less). CONCLUSIONS: The study has shown that diving in water produces significantly more gas bubble formation than dry diving. The number of venous gas bubbles observed after decompression in water according to a rather conservative procedure, indicates that accepted standard decompression procedures nevertheless induce considerable decompression stress. We suggest that decompression procedures should aim at keeping venous bubble formation as low as possible.
Descriptors
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Book Title
Database
Publisher
Data Source
Authors
Mollerlokken,A., Breskovic,T., Palada,I., Valic,Z., Dujic,Z., Brubakk,A.O.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
PMCID
Editors
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