WTS database

Title	Pub Year	Author	SearchLink Sort descending
Prevalence and characteristics of cigarette smokers among undergraduates of the University of Ilorin, Nigeria	2011	Department of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria. drdemola@yahoo.com	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Nigerian journal of clinical practice Periodical, Abbrev. Niger.J.Clin.Pract. Pub Date Free Form Apr-Jun Volume 14 Issue 2 Start Page 201 Other Pages 205 Notes LR: 20151119; JID: 101150032; ppublish Place of Publication India ISSN/ISBN 1119-3077 Accession Number PMID: 21860140 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; IM DOI 10.4103/1119-3077.84016 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 21860140 Abstract BACKGROUND: Smoking control is urgently needed to prevent the epidemic of tobacco-related diseases and deaths in developing countries. This requires data on smoking, especially among vulnerable groups like students. We have surveyed cigarette smoking among undergraduates of the University of Ilorin, in the North Central region of Nigeria. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This was a questionnaire-based survey among undergraduates of the University of Ilorin. A total of 1800 students were selected by multistage random sampling. RESULTS: A total of 1754 students (234 medical and 1520 non-medical students) completed the questionnaires. They were 1148 (65.5%) males and 606 (34.5%) females with a mean age of 21.6 +/- 3.1 years. The prevalence rate of current smoking was 5.7% (males 7.7%, females 2.0%) and of ever smoking was 17.1% (males 22.9%, females 6.2%). Smoking was more common in non-medical students. Eighty-three (83.8%) of the smokers had already started smoking by their eighteenth birthday. Fifty-one (51.5%) of them smoked = 5 sticks of cigarettes daily. Most of them were influenced into smoking by peer pressure and commercial advertisements. Sixty-seven (67.6%) of them believed that smoking could never have a negative impact on their health status and quality of life and just 39 (39.4%) smokers were willing to quit. CONCLUSIONS: Despite the low prevalence rate of smoking in the studied population, a majority of them were not willing to quit because of a low perception of the negative effects of smoking on their health and quality of life. Comprehensive antismoking campaigns were urgently needed to control cigarette smoking among University undergraduates in Nigeria. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Fawibe,A.E., Shittu,A.O. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
A novel graphene nanosheets coated stainless steel fiber for microwave assisted headspace solid phase microextraction of organochlorine pesticides in aqueous samples followed by gas chromatography with electron capture detection	2011	Department of Chemistry, National Chung-Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Journal of chromatography.A Periodical, Abbrev. J.Chromatogr.A Pub Date Free Form 28-Sep Volume 1218 Issue 39 Start Page 6861 Other Pages 6868 Notes CI: Copyright (c) 2011; JID: 9318488; 0 (Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated); 0 (Pesticides); 0 (Water Pollutants, Chemical); 12597-68-1 (Stainless Steel); 7782-42-5 (Graphite); 2011/04/15 [received]; 2011/08/08 [revised]; 2011/08/08 [accepted]; 2011/08/16 [aheado Place of Publication Netherlands ISSN/ISBN 1873-3778; 0021-9673 Accession Number PMID: 21872868 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.1016/j.chroma.2011.08.019 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 21872868 Abstract In this study, a novel graphene nanosheets (GNSs) coated solid phase microextraction (SPME) fiber was prepared by immobilizing microwave synthesized GNSs on a stainless steel wire. Microwave synthesized GNSs were verified by X-ray diffraction, field emission-scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) and transmission electron microscope (TEM). GNS-SPME fiber was characterized using FE-SEM and the results showed the GNS coating was homogeneous, porous, and highly adherent to the surface of the stainless steel fiber. The performance and feasibility of the GNS-SPME fiber was evaluated under one-step microwave assisted (MA) headspace (HS) SPME followed by gas chromatography with electron capture detection for five organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) in aqueous samples. Parameters influencing the extraction efficiency of MA-HS-GNS-SPME such as microwave irradiation power and time, pH, ionic strength, and desorption conditions were thoroughly examined. Under the optimized conditions, detection limits for the OCPs varied between 0.16 and 0.93 ng L(-1) and linear ranges varied between 1 and 1500 n gL(-1), with correlation coefficients ranging from 0.9984 to 0.9998, and RSDs in the range of 3.6-15.8% (n=5). In comparison with the commercial 100 mum polydimethylsiloxane fiber, the GNS coated fiber showed better extraction efficiency, higher mechanical and thermal stability (up to 290 degrees C), longer life span (over 250 times), and lower production cost. The method was successfully applied to the analysis of real water samples with recoveries ranged between 80.1 and 101.1% for river water samples. The results demonstrated that the developed MA-HS-GNS-SPME method was a simple, rapid, efficient pretreatment and environmentally friendly procedure for the analysis of OCPs in aqueous samples. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Elsevier B.V Data Source Authors Ponnusamy,V.K., Jen,J.F. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20110816 PMCID Editors
Knowledge of health effects and intentions to quit among smokeless tobacco users in India: findings from the International Tobacco Control Policy Evaluation (ITC) India Pilot Survey	2011	Healis - Sekhsaria Institute for Public Health, Navi Mumbai, India. rautel@healis.org	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention : APJCP Periodical, Abbrev. Asian Pac.J.Cancer.Prev. Pub Date Free Form Volume 12 Issue 5 Start Page 1233 Other Pages 1238 Notes GR: 79551/Canadian Institutes of Health Research/Canada; JID: 101130625; ppublish Place of Publication Thailand ISSN/ISBN 1513-7368; 1513-7368 Accession Number PMID: 21875273 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 21875273 Abstract INTRODUCTION AND BACKGROUND: The prevalence of smokeless tobacco use in India is the highest in the world, with 26% of adults reporting being users of smokeless tobacco only. But to date, there are few studies of beliefs, knowledge, and other psychosocial measures relating to smokeless tobacco use in India. The aim of the present study was to use data from the ITC India Pilot Study conducted in 2006 to examine beliefs about the harms of smokeless tobacco use, knowledge of health effects, and intentions to quit among current smokeless tobacco users in two states, Maharashtra and Bihar. METHODS: Data from the ITC India Pilot Study, a face-to-face crosssectional survey of 248 adults reporting exclusive current use of smokeless tobacco in Maharashtra and Bihar, were analyzed with respect to the knowledge of health effects, beliefs about harmfulness, and intentions to quit smokeless tobacco use. RESULTS: Around three quarters (36%) of smokeless tobacco users from Maharashtra and two thirds (62%) from Bihar had a 'bad' opinion about smokeless tobacco use. About 77% believed that smokeless tobacco use causes mouth cancer, followed by gum disease (66%) and difficulty in opening the mouth (56%). Significant differences were found in health knowledge between urban and rural smokeless tobacco users in both states. Only 38% of smokeless tobacco users reported having intentions to quit, and only 11% had intentions to quit within the next 6 months. Smokeless tobacco users who reported higher knowledge of the specific health effects from smokeless tobacco use were more likely to have intentions to quit. CONCLUSION: Despite the fairly high levels of awareness of health effects from smokeless tobacco use in Maharashtra and Bihar, the majority of smokeless users had no intentions to quit. Increased educational efforts about the detrimental health effects from smokeless tobacco use may result in higher levels of knowledge about the harms of smokeless tobacco and this in turn could increase quit intentions and subsequent quitting among users. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Raute,L.J., Sansone,G., Pednekar,M.S., Fong,G.T., Gupta,P.C., Quah,A.C., Bansal-Travers,M., Sinha,D.N. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Assessment and management of white mullet Mugil curema (Valencienne, 1836) (Mugilidae) fisheries of the south coast of Sao Paulo state, Brazil	2011	Secretaria da Agricultura e Abastecimento do Estado de Sao Paulo, Brazil. jmendonca@pesca.sp.gov.br	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Brazilian journal of biology = Revista brasleira de biologia Periodical, Abbrev. Braz J.Biol. Pub Date Free Form Aug Volume 71 Issue 3 Start Page 663 Other Pages 672 Notes JID: 101129542; 2010/09/23 [received]; 2010/12/08 [accepted]; ppublish Place of Publication Brazil ISSN/ISBN 1678-4375; 1519-6984 Accession Number PMID: 21881789 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; IM DOI S1519-69842011000400010 [pii] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 21881789 Abstract There is intense fishing activity, mainly artisanal, in the Cananeia, Iguape and Ilha Comprida Estuarine System. White mullet (Mugil curema) is one of the local fishery resources and is usually caught with gillnets and fish traps. This study aimed to characterise the Mugil curema fisheries thereby underpinning the management of the species in the region. The study was developed with data collected from landings in the town of Cananeia, Sao Paulo state, Brazil, from 1995 to 2009. Production data, fishing effort and CPUE were used to assess the evolution of captures. The gillnets were characterised by interviewing fishermen from 16 communities in Cananeia. White mullet fishery has aroused the interest of fishermen in the region since the 80s and today it is one of the main products of artisanal estuarine fishery off the south coast of Sao Paulo. The major landings occur in the warmer months with fish traps and gillnets being the main fishing gear used. The largest catches occur in the spawning months of the species from October to April. The highest landings varied according to different fishing gear, showing differences primarily due to trade preferences and to the structure of the fishing gear. According to the index of abundance used in this study, the resource is overfished due to the progressive increase in fishing effort, so it is suggested that measures should be taken to control fishing effort, such as special fishing permits to catch white mullet, especially with gillnets. The current management measures neither meet the needs of fishermen nor the preservation of the resource, and must be reviewed in a participatory way with management agencies and the fishery sector, ensuring greater legitimacy and success in the sustainability of the activity. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Mendonca,J.T., Bonfante,T.M. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Effect of maternal tobacco smoking or exposure to second-hand smoke on the levels of 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol (NNAL) in urine of mother and the first urine of newborn	2011	Laboratory of Environmental Research, Department of Toxicology, University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Journal of physiology and pharmacology : an official journal of the Polish Physiological Society Periodical, Abbrev. J.Physiol.Pharmacol. Pub Date Free Form Jun Volume 62 Issue 3 Start Page 377 Other Pages 383 Notes LR: 20151119; JID: 9114501; 0 (4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butan-1-ol); 0 (Biomarkers); 0 (Carcinogens); 0 (Nitrosamines); 0 (Pyridines); 0 (Tobacco Smoke Pollution); 6M3C89ZY6R (Nicotine); AYI8EX34EU (Creatinine); K5161X06LL (Cotinine); 2011/04 Place of Publication Poland ISSN/ISBN 1899-1505; 0867-5910 Accession Number PMID: 21893699 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; IM DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 21893699 Abstract Tobacco smoking during pregnancy is associated with a variety of negative consequences not only for the mother, but also for the developing fetus. Many studies have shown that carcinogens contained in tobacco smoke permeate across the placenta, and are found in fetus. The aim of the study was to determine the prenatal exposure to tobacco-specific carcinogenic N-nitrosamines on the basis of measurements of 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol (NNAL) in urine of smoking and second-hand smoke (SHS) exposed women and in the first urine of their newborns. A questionnaire documenting demographics and socio-economical data, smoking habits and exposure to SHS was completed by 121 delivering women near or at term. Maternal concentrations of cotinine and NNAL were measured in urine of the mother and the first urine of her newborn infant by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS). The mean concentration of cotinine was 439.2 ng/mg creatinine and NNAL concentration in urine of smoking women was 74.0 pg/mg creatinine, and for her newborn 78.6 pg/mg creatinine. Among mothers exposed to SHS, cotinine and NNAL mean concentration were 23.1 ng/mg creatinine, and 26.4 pg/mg creatinine. In newborns of SHS exposed mothers during pregnancy the mean concentration of NNAL was 34.1 pg/mg creatinine, respectively. Active tobacco smoking as well as passive exposure to smoking during pregnancy is an important source of tobacco specific N-nitrosamines to the fetuses as evidenced by increased concentrations of this carcinogen. Determination of NNAL in maternal urine samples can be a useful biomarker of prenatal exposure of newborn to carcinogenic nitrosamines. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Florek,E., Piekoszewski,W., Basior,A., Merritt,A.T., Mazela,J., Lechowicz,W., Kornacka,M.K., Kramer,L. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Examining hookah smoking among a cohort of adolescent ever smokers	2011	Institute of Public Health, Georgia State University, 140 Decatur Street SE, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA. ksterling@gsu.edu	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco Periodical, Abbrev. Nicotine Tob.Res. Pub Date Free Form Dec Volume 13 Issue 12 Start Page 1202 Other Pages 1209 Notes LR: 20151119; GR: P01 CA098262/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States; GR: P01 CA09862/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States; JID: 9815751; OID: NLM: PMC3223578; 2011/09/06 [aheadofprint]; ppublish Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1469-994X; 1462-2203 Accession Number PMID: 21896886 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; IM DOI 10.1093/ntr/ntr146 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 21896886 Abstract INTRODUCTION: Evidence suggests that hookah smoking is growing among adolescents, particularly among those with a history of cigarette smoking, and is an emerging public health concern. We examined hookah use and its correlates among a sample of adolescents who have ever smoked and may be considered high risk for hookah use. METHODS: We examined differences between hookah users and nonusers among a cohort of 951 adolescents (75.3% of the baseline sample, mean age 17.6 years at 24 months), consisting exclusively of youth who reported ever smoking cigarettes who were participating in a longitudinal study of adolescent smoking predictors and patterns. Ever and 30-day hookah use were assessed at 24 months. RESULTS: Of the 951 participants, 58.5% reported ever use and 30.2% reported smoking hookah at least 1 day in the past 30 days. Multivariate logistic regression analyses found that 30-day hookah use was associated with sex (p Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Sterling,K.L., Mermelstein,R. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20110906 PMCID PMC3223578 Editors
Who uses snus? A study of Texas adolescents	2012	Department of Kinesiology & Health Education, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA. alexandra.loukas@mail.utexas.edu	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco Periodical, Abbrev. Nicotine Tob.Res. Pub Date Free Form May Volume 14 Issue 5 Start Page 626 Other Pages 630 Notes JID: 9815751; 2011/09/08 [aheadofprint]; ppublish Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1469-994X; 1462-2203 Accession Number PMID: 21908457 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; IM DOI 10.1093/ntr/ntr205 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 21908457 Abstract INTRODUCTION: Snus, a smokeless tobacco product, was introduced in the United States in 2006. Because it is available in a variety of flavors and is relatively easy to conceal, snus might be particularly attractive to adolescents. Yet, no studies have examined snus use in U.S. adolescents. This brief report examined (a) differences between adolescent snus users and non-snus users on a variety of demographic, behavioral, and intrapersonal factors and (b) prevalence of snus use among current users of various other tobacco products versus nontobacco users. METHODS: Participants were 8,472 6th- to 12th-grade students who voluntarily completed the 87-item Texas Youth Tobacco Survey during class time. RESULTS: Overall, 7.1% of students reported ever trying snus; of these, 77% were male, 68% were in high school, and 46% were White. Mixed-effects regression models indicated that the prevalence of cigarette, chew, cigar, and alcohol use was higher among snus users than among non-snus users. Compared with non-snus users, snus users performed more poorly in school and perceived snus, cigarettes, chew, and cigars to be less dangerous. Finally, current users of cigarettes, chew, and cigars had a higher prevalence of snus use than did their peers who did not use the respective products. CONCLUSIONS: Among U.S. adolescents, snus use may be part of a constellation of health compromising behaviors. Additional research is needed to determine who is using snus and identify the determinants and consequences of snus use, all of which can inform interventions and policies aimed at decreasing tobacco use among youth. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Loukas,A., Batanova,M.D., Velazquez,C.E., Lang,W.J., Sneden,G.G., Pasch,K.E., Karn,S.S., Robertson,T.R. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20110908 PMCID Editors
Nicotine, carbon monoxide, and carcinogen exposure after a single use of a water pipe	2011	Division of Clinical Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco General Hospital, Building 100, San Francisco, CA 94110, USA. peyton.jacob@ucsf.edu	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology Periodical, Abbrev. Cancer Epidemiol.Biomarkers Prev. Pub Date Free Form Nov Volume 20 Issue 11 Start Page 2345 Other Pages 2353 Notes LR: 20151119; CI: (c) 2011; GR: DA012393/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States; GR: P30 DA012393/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States; GR: P30 DA012393-08/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States; GR: P30 DA012393-09/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States; GR: P30 DA012393-10/DA/NIDA NIH H Place of Publication United States ISSN/ISBN 1538-7755; 1055-9965 Accession Number PMID: 21908725 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-11-0545 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 21908725 Abstract BACKGROUND: Smoking tobacco preparations in a water pipe (hookah) is widespread in many places of the world, including the United States, where it is especially popular among young people. Many perceive water pipe smoking to be less hazardous than cigarette smoking. We studied systemic absorption of nicotine, carbon monoxide, and carcinogens from one water pipe smoking session. METHODS: Sixteen subjects smoked a water pipe on a clinical research ward. Expired carbon monoxide and carboxyhemoglobin were measured, plasma samples were analyzed for nicotine concentrations, and urine samples were analyzed for the tobacco-specific nitrosamine 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol (NNAL) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) metabolite biomarker concentrations. RESULTS: We found substantial increases in plasma nicotine concentrations, comparable to cigarette smoking, and increases in carbon monoxide levels that are much higher than those typically observed from cigarette smoking, as previously published. Urinary excretion of NNAL and PAH biomarkers increased significantly following water pipe smoking. CONCLUSIONS: Absorption of nicotine in amounts comparable to cigarette smoking indicates a potential for addiction, and absorption of significant amounts of carcinogens raise concerns of cancer risk in people who smoke tobacco products in water pipes. IMPACT: Our data contribute to an understanding of the health impact of water pipe use. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher AACR Data Source Authors Jacob,P.,3rd, Abu Raddaha,A.H., Dempsey,D., Havel,C., Peng,M., Yu,L., Benowitz,N.L. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20110909 PMCID PMC3210932 Editors
Comparative evaluation of shear bond strength of composite resin bonded to acid etched or Nd:Yag lased enamel	2011	Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Govt. Dental College and Hospital, Mumbai, India. mm_goswami@yahoo.com	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Journal of the Indian Society of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry Periodical, Abbrev. J.Indian Soc.Pedod.Prev.Dent. Pub Date Free Form Apr-Jun Volume 29 Issue 2 Start Page 140 Other Pages 143 Notes LR: 20131121; JID: 8710631; 0 (Composite Resins); 0 (Dental Materials); 0 (Phosphoric Acids); 0 (Z100 composite resin); 0 (single bond); 059QF0KO0R (Water); 454I75YXY0 (Bisphenol A-Glycidyl Methacrylate); 7631-86-9 (Silicon Dioxide); C6V6S92N3C (Zirconium Place of Publication India ISSN/ISBN 1998-3905; 0970-4388 Accession Number PMID: 21911953 Language eng SubFile Comparative Study; Journal Article; D DOI 10.4103/0970-4388.84687 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 21911953 Abstract AIMS: In vitro evaluation of the shear bond strength of composite resin bonded to enamel which is pretreated using acid etchant or pulsed Nd:YAG. Qualitative morphological changes in enamel surfaces were observed under a scanning electron microscope (SEM). MATERIALS AND METHODS: 60 extracted human teeth were divided in two groups of 30 each (Groups A and B). In Group A, prepared surface of enamel was etched using 35% phosphoric acid (Scotchbond, 3M). In Group B, enamel was surface treated by a surgical Nd:YAG laser beam (Medilas 4060 Fibertom) at 0.8 W, 10 Hz, for 10 s with 80 mJ/pulse power. Bonding agent (single bond dental adhesive, 3M) was applied over the test areas on 20 samples of Groups A and B each, and light cured. Composite resin (Z 100, 3M) was applied onto the test areas as a 3 mm diameter cylinder, and light cured. The samples were tested for shear bond strength. Remaining 10 samples from each group were observed under SEM for morphological changes. RESULTS: The mean shear bond strength was 20.00 MPa (+/- 1.93) and 13.28 MPa (+/-1.97) for Group A and B, respectively. The difference in mean values was statistically significant between Groups A and B (P Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Goswami,M., Singh,A. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Significance of smoking machine toxicant yields to blood-level exposure in water pipe tobacco smokers	2011	Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology Periodical, Abbrev. Cancer Epidemiol.Biomarkers Prev. Pub Date Free Form Nov Volume 20 Issue 11 Start Page 2457 Other Pages 2460 Notes LR: 20151119; CI: (c) 2011; GR: R01 CA120142/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States; GR: R01CA120142/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States; JID: 9200608; 0 (Smoke); 0 (Tobacco Smoke Pollution); 6M3C89ZY6R (Nicotine); NIHMS544755; OID: NLM: NIHMS544755; OID: NLM: PMC3895338; Place of Publication United States ISSN/ISBN 1538-7755; 1055-9965 Accession Number PMID: 21914836 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; IM DOI 10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-11-0586 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 21914836 Abstract BACKGROUND: The global increase in tobacco smoking with a water pipe (hookah, narghile, or shisha) has made understanding its health consequences imperative. One key to developing this understanding is identifying and quantifying carcinogens and other toxicants present in water pipe smoke. To do so, the toxicant yield of machine-generated water pipe smoke has been measured. However, the relevance of toxicant yields of machine-generated smoke to actual human exposure has not been established. METHODS: In this study, we examined whether carbon monoxide (CO) and nicotine yields measured with a smoking machine programmed to replicate the puffing behavior of 31 human participants who smoked a water pipe could reliably predict these participants' blood-level exposure. In addition to CO and nicotine, yields of polyaromatic hydrocarbons, volatile aldehydes, nitric oxide (NO), and "tar" were measured. RESULTS: We found that when used in this puff-replicating manner, smoking machine yields are highly correlated with blood-level exposure (nicotine: r > 0.76, P 0.78, P Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher AACR Data Source Authors Shihadeh,A.L., Eissenberg,T.E. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20110913 PMCID PMC3895338 Editors

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