WTS database

Title	Pub Year Sort descending	Author	SearchLink
A LC-MS/MS method for the determination of BADGE-related and BFDGE-related compounds in canned fish food samples based on the formation of [M+NH(4)](+) aducts	2012	Laboratorio de Salud Publica de Lugo, Conselleria de Sanidad, Xunta de Galicia, Rua Montevideo 9, 27001 Lugo, Spain. jose.manuel.miguez.mayo@sergas.es	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Food Chemistry Periodical, Abbrev. Food Chem. Pub Date Free Form 1-Dec Volume 135 Issue 3 Start Page 1310 Other Pages 1315 Notes CI: Copyright (c) 2012; JID: 7702639; 0 (Benzhydryl Compounds); 0 (Epoxy Compounds); 0 (bisphenol F diglycidyl ether); F3XRM1NX4H (2,2-bis(4-glycidyloxyphenyl)propane); 2011/11/03 [received]; 2012/04/17 [revised]; 2012/05/25 [accepted]; 2012/06/07 [aheado Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 0308-8146; 0308-8146 Accession Number PMID: 22953859 Language eng SubFile Evaluation Studies; Journal Article; IM DOI 10.1016/j.foodchem.2012.05.099 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 22953859 Abstract A new and simple liquid chromatography tandem mass-spectrometry method for the determination of different bisphenol A (BPA) derivatives such as bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE), bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) and their reaction products with water and hydrochloric acid in different fish food products was developed. The extraction procedure and the chromatographic conditions were optimised for complex food matrices such as fish products. Food samples were homogenised and extracted with a 1:1 solution of acetonitrile-hexane, the solvent was eliminated in a N(2) stream and the extract was reconstituted with 0.5mL of a 0.01M solution of ammonium formate. The sample solution obtained was directly measured by LC-MS/MS without any further purification under the developed conditions. The use of a mobile phase composed by ammonium formate-methanol in a binary gradient mode produced [M+NH(4)](+) aducts for the different BADGEs and BFDGEs. These aduct's fragmentations were employed for the LC-MS/MS quantification of BPA derivatives in canned fish samples. The results of the validation were appropriate: the method was linear for BADGE and its hydrolysed derivatives up to 1000mugkg(-1), for the remaining compounds linearity achieved up to 100mugkg(-1). Quantification limits were in the range 2-10mugkg(-1). RSD (intra and inter-day) was 6-12% and the recovery was comprised between 89% and 109%. Under the optimised conditions, the chromatographic separation was performed in 8min per sample. The method was applied to the determination of BADGE, BFDGE and their reaction products in different samples of canned fish from Spanish origin. Migration results obtained were in compliance with the EU regulations. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Elsevier Ltd Data Source Authors Miguez,J., Herrero,C., Quintas,I., Rodriguez,C., Gigosos,P.G., Mariz,O.C. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20120607 PMCID Editors
Study on the status of cigarette smoking in youths from three cities of China	2012	Tobacco Control Office, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China. xiaolinst@yhaoo.com.cn	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Zhonghua liu xing bing xue za zhi = Zhonghua liuxingbingxue zazhi Periodical, Abbrev. Zhonghua Liu Xing Bing Xue Za Zhi Pub Date Free Form Jul Volume 33 Issue 7 Start Page 676 Other Pages 680 Notes LR: 20151119; JID: 8208604; 0 (Tobacco Smoke Pollution); ppublish Place of Publication China ISSN/ISBN 0254-6450; 0254-6450 Accession Number PMID: 22968015 Language chi SubFile English Abstract; Journal Article; IM DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 22968015 Abstract OBJECTIVE: To understand the smoking status and related factors in middle school students from Hangzhou, Taiyuan and Guiyang cites. METHODS: A cross-sectional survey was adopted with 11 171 students randomly selected through a stratified cluster sampling method. A self-administrated questionnaire survey was employed, which including the information of respondents' background characteristics, cigarette smoking, exposure to tobacco advertisement, recognition on indirect tobacco advertisement, exposure to second-hand smoke, related knowledge, attitude and perceptions towards tobacco use etc. Data was weighted by the amount of male and female students in junior high, senior high and vocational middle schools in the above said three cities and was analyzed by complex sampling analysis methods of SPSS 15.0. Confidence Intervals of each indicator were used to evaluate for difference between groups. Logistic regression was used to explore the potential factors associated with smoking in youths. RESULTS: The overall attempted smoking rate of the three cities was 26.2% (95%CI: 23.6 - 29.1), with male as 39.9% and female 12.5% respectively. The current smoking rate was 12.5% (95%CI: 11.1 - 14.2) with boys as 21.9% and girls as 3.2%. The smoking rate were different among three kinds of schools, with vocational school was the highest (25.8%), followed by senior high (7.9%) and junior high (6.3%). The rate of smoking was different among cities, lower with better economic situation. The average age of debut was 11.9 years old. Nearly half of the students who smoked had no intention to quit. Factors that associated with smoking would include: having or wishing to have tobacco promotion products, having friends or families who smoke, their friends' attitude towards smoking behavior, and misconceptions about smoking such as underestimate the harm of smoking and the difficulty of quitting, realizing that smoking was an important way for social contact, and to be seen as being matured etc. CONCLUSION: Boys are much more likely than girls to smoke cigarette. Smoking prevalence is much higher in low-income cities. Additianally, it should be concerned that girls has higher smoking rate than female adults. It is urgent for tobacco control among adolescents, especially in low-income area in China. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Xiao,L., Jiang,Y., Li,Q., Feng,G.Z., Nan,Y. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Tobacco use by college students: a comparison of daily and nondaily smokers	2012	Department of Social Sciences and Health Policy, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA. esutfin@wakehealth.edu	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full American Journal of Health Behavior Periodical, Abbrev. Am.J.Health Behav. Pub Date Free Form Mar Volume 36 Issue 2 Start Page 218 Other Pages 229 Notes LR: 20150225; GR: R01 AA014007/AA/NIAAA NIH HHS/United States; GR: R01AA14007/AA/NIAAA NIH HHS/United States; JID: 9602338; NIHMS475613; OID: NLM: NIHMS475613; OID: NLM: PMC3693762; ppublish Place of Publication United States ISSN/ISBN 1945-7359; 1087-3244 Accession Number PMID: 22370259 Language eng SubFile Comparative Study; Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.5993/AJHB.36.2.7 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 22370259 Abstract OBJECTIVES: To explore demographics, contextual factors, and health risk behaviors associated with nondaily smoking by college students. METHODS: In fall 2005, a random sample of 4100 students completed an online survey. RESULTS: Of those surveyed, 29% reported current smoking; of that 29%, 70% were nondaily smokers. Compared to daily smokers, nondaily smokers were younger, African American (compared to white), had mothers with higher education, belonged to Greek organizations, and attended private (vs public) schools. Nondaily smokers were less likely to have used illicit drugs. CONCLUSIONS: Nondaily and daily smokers differed on several demographic and contextual factors, but reported mostly similar health risk behaviors. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Sutfin,E.L., McCoy,T.P., Berg,C.J., Champion,H., Helme,D.W., O'Brien,M.C., Wolfson,M. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID PMC3693762 Editors
Barrett's esophagus and beta-carotene therapy: symptomatic improvement in GERD and enhanced HSP70 expression in esophageal mucosa	2012	Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine and Division Director of Gastroenterology, USA. sdutta@lifebridgehealth.org	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention : APJCP Periodical, Abbrev. Asian Pac.J.Cancer.Prev. Pub Date Free Form Volume 13 Issue 12 Start Page 6011 Other Pages 6016 Notes JID: 101130625; 0 (HSP70 Heat-Shock Proteins); 01YAE03M7J (beta Carotene); ppublish Place of Publication Thailand ISSN/ISBN 1513-7368; 1513-7368 Accession Number PMID: 23464395 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; IM DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 23464395 Abstract INTRODUCTION: Epidemiological studies suggest a protective role for beta-carotene with several malignancies. Esophageal adenocarcinoma frequently arises from Barrett's esophagus (BE). We postulated that beta-carotene therapy maybe protective in BE. MATERIALS AND METHOD: We conducted a prospective study in which 25 mg of beta-carotene was administered daily for six-months to six patients. Each patient underwent upper endoscopy before and after therapy and multiple mucosal biopsies were obtained. Additionally, patients completed a gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) symptoms questionnaire before and after therapy and severity score was calculated. To study the effect of beta-carotene at molecular level, tissue extracts of the esophageal mucosal biopsy were subjected to assessment of heat-shock protein 70 (HSP70). RESULTS: A significant (p Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Dutta,S.K., Agrawal,K., Girotra,M., Fleisher,A.S., Motevalli,M., Mah'moud,M.A., Nair,P.P. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Paliperidonium nitrate	2012	School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Acta crystallographica.Section E, Structure reports online Periodical, Abbrev. Acta Crystallogr.Sect.E.Struct.Rep.Online Pub Date Free Form 1-Oct Volume 68 Issue Pt 10 Start Page o2932 Other Pages Notes JID: 101089178; OID: NLM: PMC3470306; 2012/07/09 [received]; 2012/09/07 [accepted]; 2012/09/15 [epublish]; ppublish Place of Publication United States ISSN/ISBN 1600-5368; 1600-5368 Accession Number PMID: 23125719 Language eng SubFile Journal Article DOI 10.1107/S160053681203841X [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 23125719 Abstract In the title mol-ecular salt (systematic name: 3-{2-[4-(6-fluoro-1,2-benzoxazol-3-yl)piperidin-1-yl]eth-yl}-9-hy-droxy-2-methyl- 1,6,7,8,9,9a-hexa-hydro-pyrido[1,2-a]pyrimidin-4-one nitrate), C(23)H(29)FN(4)O(3) (+).NO(3) (-), the piperidine ring displays a chair conformation and its N atom is protonated; the N-H bond is in an axial orientation. The ring bearing the hy-droxy group exhibits a half-chair conformation. The hy-droxy group as well as the adjacent methyl-ene group are disordered over two sets of sites in a 0.823 (5):0.177 (5) ratio. In the crystal, O-Hcdots, three dots, centeredN, O-Hcdots, three dots, centeredO, N-Hcdots, three dots, centeredO and N-Hcdots, three dots, centeredN hydrogen bonds connect the components into a three-dimensional network. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Ge,J., Luo,Y.H. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20120915 PMCID PMC3470306 Editors
Trends in socioeconomic inequalities in smoking prevalence, consumption, initiation, and cessation between 2001 and 2008 in the Netherlands. Findings from a national population survey	2012	STIVORO Dutch Expert Centre on Tobacco Control, PO Box 16070, 2500 BB, The Hague, the Netherlands. gnagelhout@stivoro.nl	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full BMC public health Periodical, Abbrev. BMC Public Health Pub Date Free Form 18-May Volume 12 Issue Start Page 303 Other Pages 2458-12-303 Notes LR: 20151119; JID: 100968562; OID: NLM: PMC3356226; 2012/02/03 [received]; 2012/04/26 [accepted]; 2012/05/18 [aheadofprint]; epublish Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1471-2458; 1471-2458 Accession Number PMID: 22537139 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.1186/1471-2458-12-303 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 22537139 Abstract BACKGROUND: Widening of socioeconomic status (SES) inequalities in smoking prevalence has occurred in several Western countries from the mid 1970's onwards. However, little is known about a widening of SES inequalities in smoking consumption, initiation and cessation. METHODS: Repeated cross-sectional population surveys from 2001 to 2008 (n approximately 18,000 per year) were used to examine changes in smoking prevalence, smoking consumption (number of cigarettes per day), initiation ratios (ratio of ever smokers to all respondents), and quit ratios (ratio of former smokers to ever smokers) in the Netherlands. Education level and income level were used as indicators of SES and results were reported separately for men and women. RESULTS: Lower educated respondents were significantly more likely to be smokers, smoked more cigarettes per day, had higher initiation ratios, and had lower quit ratios than higher educated respondents. Income inequalities were smaller than educational inequalities and were not all significant, but were in the same direction as educational inequalities. Among women, educational inequalities widened significantly between 2001 and 2008 for smoking prevalence, smoking initiation, and smoking cessation. Among low educated women, smoking prevalence remained stable between 2001 and 2008 because both the initiation and quit ratio increased significantly. Among moderate and high educated women, smoking prevalence decreased significantly because initiation ratios remained constant, while quit ratios increased significantly. Among men, educational inequalities widened significantly between 2001 and 2008 for smoking consumption only. CONCLUSIONS: While inequalities in smoking prevalence were stable among Dutch men, they increased among women, due to widening inequalities in both smoking cessation and initiation. Both components should be addressed in equity-oriented tobacco control policies. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Nagelhout,G.E., de Korte-de Boer,D., Kunst,A.E., van der Meer,R.M., de Vries,H., van Gelder,B.M., Willemsen,M.C. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20120518 PMCID PMC3356226 Editors
Does intolerance of smoking at school or in restaurants or corner stores decrease cigarette use initiation in adolescents?	2012	Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Universite de Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada. rpabayo@hsph.harvard.edu	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco Periodical, Abbrev. Nicotine Tob.Res. Pub Date Free Form Oct Volume 14 Issue 10 Start Page 1154 Other Pages 1160 Notes LR: 20151119; GR: Canadian Institutes of Health Research/Canada; JID: 9815751; 2012/02/21 [aheadofprint]; ppublish Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1469-994X; 1462-2203 Accession Number PMID: 22355076 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI ntr326 [pii] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 22355076 Abstract INTRODUCTION: In addition to individual-level characteristics, the social and physical environment may influence the initiation of cigarette smoking in adolescents. The objective of this paper is to describe the association between smoking intolerance in schools, and in restaurants and corner stores located near schools, and initiation of cigarette smoking among adolescents. METHODS: Data on cigarette smoking were collected in self-report questionnaires every 3 months from 1999 to 2005 in a sample of 1,293 Grade 7 students in 10 secondary schools in Montreal, Canada. Baseline never-smokers (n = 868) were retained for analysis. School administrators completed questionnaires on tobacco control policies and activities within schools. Data on access to tobacco products and smoking restrictions in restaurants and corner stores located in school neighborhoods were collected through direct observation. Schools, restaurants, and corner stores were classified as smoking tolerant or intolerant. Time to initiation of cigarette smoking was modeled as a function of smoking intolerance in schools, restaurants, and corner stores in survival analyses (Cox proportional hazards modeling). RESULTS: Students in smoking-intolerant schools were less likely to initiate smoking than students in smoking-tolerant schools (hazard ratio [HR; 95% CI] = 0.83 [0.68, 1.01]). Students attending schools located in neighborhoods with smoking-intolerant restaurants were less likely to initiate smoking (HR [95% CI] = 0.85 [0.68, 1.07]). There was no association between corner store smoking intolerance and initiation. CONCLUSIONS: Smoking intolerance in schools and restaurants may protect against initiation of cigarette smoking and could be useful targets for more intense tobacco control efforts. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Pabayo,R., O'Loughlin,J., Barnett,T.A., Cohen,J.E., Gauvin,L. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20120221 PMCID Editors
Removal of MS2, Qbeta and GA bacteriophages during drinking water treatment at pilot scale	2012	Veolia Environment Research and Innovation, Chemin de la Digue, BP76, 78608 Maisons-Laffitte Cedex, France. nicolas.boudaud@veolia.com	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Water research Periodical, Abbrev. Water Res. Pub Date Free Form 15-May Volume 46 Issue 8 Start Page 2651 Other Pages 2664 Notes LR: 20131121; CI: Copyright (c) 2012; JID: 0105072; 0 (Drinking Water); 0 (Membranes, Artificial); 0 (Solutions); 4R7X1O2820 (Chlorine); 2011/03/01 [received]; 2012/01/27 [revised]; 2012/02/11 [accepted]; 2012/03/03 [aheadofprint]; ppublish Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1879-2448; 0043-1354 Accession Number PMID: 22421032 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.1016/j.watres.2012.02.020 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 22421032 Abstract The removal of MS2, Qbeta and GA, F-specific RNA bacteriophages, potential surrogates for pathogenic waterborne viruses, was investigated during a conventional drinking water treatment at pilot scale by using river water, artificially and independently spiked with these bacteriophages. The objective of this work is to develop a standard system for assessing the effectiveness of drinking water plants with respect to the removal of MS2, Qbeta and GA bacteriophages by a conventional pre-treatment process (coagulation-flocculation-settling-sand filtration) followed or not by an ultrafiltration (UF) membrane (complete treatment process). The specific performances of three UF membranes alone were assessed by using (i) pre-treated water and (ii) 0.1 mM sterile phosphate buffer solution (PBS), spiked with bacteriophages. These UF membranes tested in this work were designed for drinking water treatment market and were also selected for research purpose. The hypothesis serving as base for this study was that the interfacial properties for these three bacteriophages, in terms of electrostatic charge and the degree of hydrophobicity, could induce variations in the removal performances achieved by drinking water treatments. The comparison of the results showed a similar behaviour for both MS2 and Qbeta surrogates whereas it was particularly atypical for the GA surrogate. The infectious character of MS2 and Qbeta bacteriophages was mostly removed after clarification followed by sand filtration processes (more than a 4.8-log reduction) while genomic copies were removed at more than a 4.0-log after the complete treatment process. On the contrary, GA bacteriophage was only slightly removed by clarification followed by sand filtration, with less than 1.7-log and 1.2-log reduction, respectively. After the complete treatment process achieved, GA bacteriophage was removed with less than 2.2-log and 1.6-log reduction, respectively. The effectiveness of the three UF membranes tested in terms of bacteriophages removal showed significant differences, especially for GA bacteriophage. These results could provide recommendations for drinking water suppliers in terms of selection criteria for membranes. MS2 bacteriophage is widely used as a surrogate for pathogenic waterborne viruses in Europe and the United States. In this study, the choice of MS2 bacteriophage as the best surrogate to be used for assessment of the effectiveness of drinking water treatment in removal of pathogenic waterborne viruses in worst conditions is clearly challenged. It was shown that GA bacteriophage is potentially a better surrogate as a worst case than MS2. Considering GA bacteriophage as the best surrogate in this study, a chlorine disinfection step could guaranteed a complete removal of this model and ensure the safety character of drinking water plants. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Elsevier Ltd Data Source Authors Boudaud,N., Machinal,C., David,F., Freval-Le Bourdonnec,A., Jossent,J., Bakanga,F., Arnal,C., Jaffrezic,M.P., Oberti,S., Gantzer,C. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20120303 PMCID Editors
Alcohol intake and tobacco smoking among students of medical schools	2012	Katedra i Zaklad Medycyny Rodzinnej Akademii Medycznej we Wroclawiu. dkurpas@hotmail.com	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Przeglad lekarski Periodical, Abbrev. Przegl.Lek. Pub Date Free Form Volume 69 Issue 10 Start Page 893 Other Pages 895 Notes LR: 20151119; JID: 19840720R; 3K9958V90M (Ethanol); ppublish Place of Publication Poland ISSN/ISBN 0033-2240; 0033-2240 Accession Number PMID: 23421054 Language pol SubFile English Abstract; Journal Article; IM DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 23421054 Abstract PURPOSE OF THE STUDY: To determine the level of alcohol intake (including risky drinking) and tobacco smoking among students of higher medical schools, as well as the level of students' knowledge about epidemiology and consequences of alcohol abuse. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study was conducted in 2010-2012 and involved 1054 students of medical school. The majority of the participants were female (82.3%). Average age of respondents was 25.13 years (SD = 6.64, median = 24). The questionnaire was to determine the students' knowledge of alcohol abuse, short version of AUDIT and questions about tobacco smoking. RESULTS: The average 100% alcohol intake in Poland was correctly identified by 32.0% (318) of students. The alcohol level in blood which indicates the state after alcohol intake was correctly determined by 57.2% (571) of respondents. Tobacco was the choice of 13.8% (138) of students as the main health risk factor and cause of premature deaths in Europe, alcohol was chosen by 17.8% (177). Cirrhosis was recognized correctly by 52% of students (521) as the most frequent disease caused by alcohol in European men. Regarding the question about the biochemical indicators helpful in diagnostics of alcohol abuse only 27.6% (275) indicated correctly: MCV and GGT. In short version of AUDIT 32.2% (238) of women gained 4 points and above, 56.2% (91) of men gained 5 points and above. Among women: 3.5% (28) have 14 and above standardized portions of an alcoholic drinks during week. Among men: 6.5% (11) have 28 and above standardized portions of an alcoholic drinks during week. Non-smokers represent 20.6% (205) of respondents. A majority (39.4%, 82) indicate they smoke not more than 5 cigarettes per day. The students first began smoking in secondary (21.7%, 45) and high school (45.9%, 95). Smokers statistically significantly more often (p Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Kurpas,D., Mroczek,B., Bielska,D., Wojtal,M., Sen,M., Steciwko,A. Original/Translated Title Spozycie alkoholu i palenie tytoniu wsrod studentow wyzszych uczelni medycznych URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Cigarette smoking knowledge and perceptions among students in four Italian medical schools	2012	Department of Physiology and Pharmacology V. Erspamer, Sapienza University of Rome, 5, Piazzale Aldo Moro, 00161 Rome, Italy. caterina.grassi@uniroma1.it	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco Periodical, Abbrev. Nicotine Tob.Res. Pub Date Free Form Sep Volume 14 Issue 9 Start Page 1065 Other Pages 1072 Notes LR: 20151119; JID: 9815751; 2012/02/17 [aheadofprint]; ppublish Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1469-994X; 1462-2203 Accession Number PMID: 22345319 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.1093/ntr/ntr330 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 22345319 Abstract INTRODUCTION: Tobacco smoking is the leading cause of premature death in the developed world. Advice and assistance by physicians help smokers quit, but little attention has been paid to the topic of tobacco dependence in the curricula of Italian medical schools. Consequently, few physicians follow the clinical practice guidelines for treating dependence. METHODS: This study was conducted on 439 students at 4 Italian medical schools in 2010. Students were asked to complete a 60-item questionnaire. Two scores were computed: Score 1 assessed knowledge of the epidemiology of smoking, risks associated with smoking, and benefits of cessation. Score 2 assessed knowledge of tobacco dependence treatment guidelines and the effectiveness of treatments. A score of less than 60% indicated insufficient knowledge. RESULTS: Medical students had limited knowledge of the epidemiology of smoking, attributable morbidity and mortality, and the benefits of cessation. This limited knowledge was reflected by the finding that 70% of students had a total Score 1 less than 60% of available points. Knowledge of clinical guidelines, perceived competence in counseling smokers, and treatment of addiction was also insufficient, as 76% of students achieved a total Score 2 of less than 60%. CONCLUSIONS: Our data demonstrate that Italian medical students have limited knowledge about tobacco dependence, how to treat it, and the critical role of the physician in promoting cessation. Taken together with research from other countries, these findings suggest that medical schools do not offer adequate training in tobacco dependence and provide a rationale for modifying the core curriculum to include more information on tobacco dependence treatment. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Grassi,M.C., Chiamulera,C., Baraldo,M., Culasso,F., Ferketich,A.K., Raupach,T., Patrono,C., Nencini,P. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20120217 PMCID Editors

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