WTS database

Title	Pub Year	Author	SearchLink Sort ascending
Biodiversity of yeasts, lactic acid bacteria and acetic acid bacteria in the fermentation of "Shanxi aged vinegar", a traditional Chinese vinegar	2012	College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Lion Hill Street No.1, Hongshan District, Wuhan, 430070 Hubei Province, PR China.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Food Microbiology Periodical, Abbrev. Food Microbiol. Pub Date Free Form May Volume 30 Issue 1 Start Page 289 Other Pages 297 Notes LR: 20131121; CI: Copyright (c) 2011; JID: 8601127; 0 (RNA, Ribosomal, 16S); Q40Q9N063P (Acetic Acid); 2011/04/04 [received]; 2011/07/28 [revised]; 2011/08/07 [accepted]; 2011/08/16 [aheadofprint]; ppublish Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1095-9998; 0740-0020 Accession Number PMID: 22265314 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.1016/j.fm.2011.08.010 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 22265314 Abstract Shanxi aged vinegar is a famous traditional Chinese vinegar made from several kinds of cereal by spontaneous solid-state fermentation techniques. In order to get a comprehensive understanding of culturable microorganism's diversity present in its fermentation, the indigenous microorganisms including 47 yeast isolates, 28 lactic acid bacteria isolates and 58 acetic acid bacteria isolates were recovered in different fermenting time and characterized based on a combination of phenotypic and genotypic approaches including inter-delta/PCR, PCR-RFLP, ERIC/PCR analysis, as well as 16S rRNA and 26S rRNA partial gene sequencing. In the alcoholic fermentation, the dominant yeast species Saccharomyces (S.) cerevisiae (96%) exhibited low phenotypic and genotypic diversity among the isolates, while Lactobacillus (Lb.) fermentum together with Lb. plantarum, Lb. buchneri, Lb. casei, Pediococcus (P.) acidilactici, P. pentosaceus and Weissella confusa were predominated in the bacterial population at the same stage. Acetobacter (A.) pasteurianus showing great variety both in genotypic and phenotypic tests was the dominant species (76%) in the acetic acid fermentation stage, while the other acetic acid bacteria species including A. senegalensis, A. indonesiensis, A. malorum and A. orientalis, as well as Gluconobacter (G.) oxydans were detected at initial point of alcoholic and acetic acid fermentation stage respectively. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Elsevier Ltd Data Source Authors Wu,J.J., Ma,Y.K., Zhang,F.F., Chen,F.S. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20110816 PMCID Editors
Primary and dual users of cigars and cigarettes: profiles, tobacco use patterns and relevance to policy	2012	Department of Research and Evaluation, Legacy, Washington, DC, USA. arichardson@legacyforhealth.org	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco Periodical, Abbrev. Nicotine Tob.Res. Pub Date Free Form Aug Volume 14 Issue 8 Start Page 927 Other Pages 932 Notes JID: 9815751; 2012/01/17 [aheadofprint]; ppublish Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1469-994X; 1462-2203 Accession Number PMID: 22259149 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.1093/ntr/ntr306 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 22259149 Abstract INTRODUCTION: The Family Smoking Prevention and Tobacco Control Act provides an unprecedented opportunity to regulate tobacco in the United States. However, restrictions on little cigars, cigarillos, and large cigars are notably absent from the Act, which may create a favorable environment for increased dual usage of cigars. The purpose of this study is to examine demographic profiles and tobacco use behaviors of dual, as opposed to primary, users of cigarettes and cigars. METHODS: This study used data from a cross-sectional nationally representative survey of 2,649 adult smokers and nonsmokers. Multivariable regression analysis was used to compare the demographic characteristics and tobacco use behaviors of dual users versus cigarette-only smokers. RESULTS: Data indicate that 12.5% of cigarette smokers are dual users of cigars. Dual users are more likely to be male, 18-29 years of age, non-Hispanic Black, of lower educational attainment, and either unemployed or out of the work force. Dual users were less likely than cigarette-only smokers to be daily cigarette smokers (odds ratio [OR] = 0.57, 95% CI: 0.32, 1.02), more likely to have made a recent quit attempt (OR = 2.39, 95% CI: 1.44, 3.97), and more likely to have used at least one other alternative product (OR = 2.26, 95% CI: 1.26, 4.05), including snus, e-cigarettes, dissolvables, and chewing tobacco. CONCLUSIONS: As greater restrictions on cigarettes become implemented in the United States, it will be critical to monitor increased dual use of cigars, in order to inform prevention and treatment strategies and guide more comprehensive policy efforts. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Richardson,A., Xiao,H., Vallone,D.M. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20120117 PMCID Editors
Interventions for smoking cessation in Indigenous populations	2012	Clinical Practice Unit, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Adelaide, Australia. kristin.carson@health.sa.gov.au.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full The Cochrane database of systematic reviews Periodical, Abbrev. Cochrane Database Syst.Rev. Pub Date Free Form 18-Jan Volume 1 Issue Start Page CD009046 Other Pages Notes LR: 20131121; JID: 100909747; 0 (Dopamine Uptake Inhibitors); 01ZG3TPX31 (Bupropion); epublish Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1469-493X; 1361-6137 Accession Number PMID: 22258998 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Meta-Analysis; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Review; IM DOI 10.1002/14651858.CD009046.pub2 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 22258998 Abstract BACKGROUND: Tobacco use in Indigenous populations (people who have inhabited a country for thousands of years) is often double that of the non-Indigenous population. A disproportionate burden of substance-related morbidity and mortality exists as a result. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the effectiveness of smoking cessation interventions in Indigenous populations and to summarise these approaches for future cessation programmes and research. SEARCH METHODS: The Cochrane Tobacco Addiction Group Specialised Register of Trials was searched (April 2011), with additional searches of MEDLINE (May 2011). Online clinical trial databases and publication references were also searched for potential studies. SELECTION CRITERIA: We included randomized and non-randomized controlled trials for smoking cessation interventions in Indigenous populations. Interventions could include pharmacotherapies, cognitive and behavioural therapies, alternative therapies, public policy and combination therapies. No attempts were made to re-define Indigenous status for the purpose of including a study in this review. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Data pertaining to methodology, participants, interventions and outcomes were extracted by one reviewer and checked by a second, whilst methodological quality was extracted independently by two reviewers. Studies were assessed by qualitative narrative synthesis and where possible meta-analysis. The review process was examined by an Indigenous (Aboriginal) Australian for applicability, acceptability and content. MAIN RESULTS: Four studies met all of the eligibility criteria for inclusion within the review. Two used combination therapies consisting of a pharmacotherapy combined with cognitive and behavioural therapies, whilst the remaining two used cognitive and behavioural therapy through counselling, one via text message support and the other delivered via clinic doctors trained in smoking cessation techniques. Smoking cessation data were pooled across all studies producing a statistically and clinically significant effect in favour of the intervention (risk ratio 1.43, 95%CI 1.03 to 1.98, p=0.032), however following sensitivity analysis a statistically non-significant but clinically significant effect was observed in favour of the intervention (risk ratio 1.33, 95%CI 0.95 to 1.85, p=NS) . AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS: A significant health disparity exists, whereby Indigenous populations, a minority, are over-represented in the burden of smoking-related morbidity and mortality. This review highlights the paucity of evidence available to evaluate the effectiveness of smoking cessation interventions, despite the known success of these interventions in non-Indigenous populations. Due to this lack of published investigations, the external validity of this review is limited, as is the ability to draw reliable conclusions from the results. The limited but available evidence reported does indicate that smoking cessation interventions specifically targeted at Indigenous populations can produce smoking abstinence. However this evidence base is not strong with a small number of methodologically sound trials investigating these interventions. More rigorous trials are now required to assist in bridging the gap between tobacco related health disparities in Indigenous and non-Indigenous populations. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Carson,K.V., Brinn,M.P., Peters,M., Veale,A., Esterman,A.J., Smith,B.J. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20120118 PMCID Editors
Interventions for preventing weight gain after smoking cessation	2012	Primary Care Clinical Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full The Cochrane database of systematic reviews Periodical, Abbrev. Cochrane Database Syst.Rev. Pub Date Free Form 18-Jan Volume 1 Issue Start Page CD006219 Other Pages Notes LR: 20151119; JID: 100909747; 0 (Antidepressive Agents); 0 (Benzazepines); 0 (Nicotinic Agonists); 0 (Piperidines); 0 (Pyrazoles); 0 (Quinoxalines); 6M3C89ZY6R (Nicotine); epublish Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1469-493X; 1361-6137 Accession Number PMID: 22258966 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Meta-Analysis; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Review; IM DOI 10.1002/14651858.CD006219.pub3 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 22258966 Abstract BACKGROUND: Most people who stop smoking gain weight. There are some interventions that have been designed to reduce weight gain when stopping smoking. Some smoking cessation interventions may also limit weight gain although their effect on weight has not been reviewed. OBJECTIVES: To systematically review the effect of: (1) Interventions targeting post-cessation weight gain on weight change and smoking cessation.(2) Interventions designed to aid smoking cessation that may also plausibly affect weight on post-cessation weight change. SEARCH METHODS: Part 1 - We searched the Cochrane Tobacco Addiction Group's Specialized Register and CENTRAL in September 2011.Part 2 - In addition we searched the included studies in the following "parent" Cochrane reviews: nicotine replacement therapy (NRT), antidepressants, nicotine receptor partial agonists, cannabinoid type 1 receptor antagonists and exercise interventions for smoking cessation published in Issue 9, 2011 of the Cochrane Library. SELECTION CRITERIA: Part 1 - We included trials of interventions that were targeted at post-cessation weight gain and had measured weight at any follow up point and/or smoking cessation six or more months after quit day.Part 2 - We included trials that had been included in the selected parent Cochrane reviews if they had reported weight gain at any time point. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: We extracted data on baseline characteristics of the study population, intervention, outcome and study quality. Change in weight was expressed as difference in weight change from baseline to follow up between trial arms and was reported in abstinent smokers only. Abstinence from smoking was expressed as a risk ratio (RR). We used the most rigorous definition of abstinence available in each trial. Where appropriate, we performed meta-analysis using the inverse variance method for weight and Mantel-Haenszel method for smoking using a fixed-effect model. MAIN RESULTS: Part 1: Some pharmacological interventions tested for limiting post cessation weight gain (PCWG) resulted in a significant reduction in WG at the end of treatment (dexfenfluramine (Mean difference (MD) -2.50 kg, 95% confidence interval (CI) -2.98 to -2.02, 1 study), phenylpropanolamine (MD -0.50 kg, 95% CI -0.80 to -0.20, N=3), naltrexone (MD -0.78 kg, 95% CI -1.52 to -0.05, N=2). There was no evidence that treatment reduced weight at 6 or 12 months (m). No pharmacological intervention significantly affected smoking cessation rates.Weight management education only was associated with no reduction in PCWG at end of treatment (6 or 12m). However these interventions significantly reduced abstinence at 12m (Risk ratio (RR) 0.66, 95% CI 0.48 to 0.90, N=2). Personalised weight management support reduced PCWG at 12m (MD -2.58 kg, 95% CI -5.11 to -0.05, N=2) and was not associated with a significant reduction of abstinence at 12m (RR 0.74, 95% CI 0.39 to 1.43, N=2). A very low calorie diet (VLCD) significantly reduced PCWG at end of treatment (MD -3.70 kg, 95% CI -4.82 to -2.58, N=1), but not significantly so at 12m (MD -1.30 kg, 95% CI -3.49 to 0.89, N=1). The VLCD increased chances of abstinence at 12m (RR 1.73, 95% CI 1.10 to 2.73, N=1). There was no evidence that cognitive behavioural therapy to allay concern about weight gain (CBT) reduced PCWG, but there was some evidence of increased PCWG at 6m (MD 0.74, 95% CI 0.24 to 1.24). It was associated with improved abstinence at 6m (RR 1.83, 95% CI 1.07 to 3.13, N=2) but not at 12m (RR 1.25, 95% CI 0.83 to 1.86, N=2). However, there was significant statistical heterogeneity.Part 2: We found no evidence that exercise interventions significantly reduced PCWG at end of treatment (MD -0.25 kg, 95% CI -0.78 to 0.29, N=4) however a significant reduction was found at 12m (MD -2.07 kg, 95% CI -3.78 to -0.36, N=3).Both bupropion and fluoxetine limited PCWG at the end of treatment (bupropion MD -1.12 kg, 95% CI -1.47 to -0.77, N=7) (fluoxetine MD -0.99 kg, 95% CI -1.36 to - Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Farley,A.C., Hajek,P., Lycett,D., Aveyard,P. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20120118 PMCID Editors
Biodiversity in Oscypek, a traditional Polish cheese, determined by culture-dependent and -independent approaches	2012	Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Applied and Environmental Microbiology Periodical, Abbrev. Appl.Environ.Microbiol. Pub Date Free Form Mar Volume 78 Issue 6 Start Page 1890 Other Pages 1898 Notes LR: 20150128; JID: 7605801; 0 (DNA, Bacterial); 0 (DNA, Fungal); 0 (DNA, Ribosomal); 0 (RNA, Bacterial); 0 (RNA, Fungal); 0 (RNA, Ribosomal); 0 (RNA, Ribosomal, 16S); 0 (RNA, ribosomal, 26S); OID: NLM: PMC3298175; 2012/01/13 [aheadofprint]; ppublish Place of Publication United States ISSN/ISBN 1098-5336; 0099-2240 Accession Number PMID: 22247135 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.1128/AEM.06081-11 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 22247135 Abstract Oscypek is a traditional Polish scalded-smoked cheese, with a protected-designation-of-origin (PDO) status, manufactured from raw sheep's milk without starter cultures in the Tatra Mountains region of Poland. This study was undertaken in order to gain insight into the microbiota that develops and evolves during the manufacture and ripening stages of Oscypek. To this end, we made use of both culturing and the culture-independent methods of PCR followed by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (PCR-DGGE) and pyrosequencing of 16S rRNA gene amplicons. The culture-dependent technique and PCR-DGGE fingerprinting detected the predominant microorganisms in traditional Oscypek, whereas the next-generation sequencing technique (454 pyrosequencing) revealed greater bacterial diversity. Besides members of the most abundant bacterial genera in dairy products, e.g., Lactococcus, Lactobacillus, Leuconostoc, Streptococcus, and Enterococcus, identified by all three methods, other, subdominant bacteria belonging to the families Bifidobacteriaceae and Moraxellaceae (mostly Enhydrobacter), as well as various minor bacteria, were identified by pyrosequencing. The presence of bifidobacterial sequences in a cheese system is reported for the first time. In addition to bacteria, a great diversity of yeast species was demonstrated in Oscypek by the PCR-DGGE method. Culturing methods enabled the determination of a number of viable microorganisms from different microbial groups and their isolation for potential future applications in specific cheese starter cultures. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Alegria,A., Szczesny,P., Mayo,B., Bardowski,J., Kowalczyk,M. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20120113 PMCID PMC3298175 Editors
Cigarette smoking increases risk of Barrett's esophagus: an analysis of the Barrett's and Esophageal Adenocarcinoma Consortium	2012	Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland 20852-7234, USA. michael.cook@nih.gov	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Gastroenterology Periodical, Abbrev. Gastroenterology Pub Date Free Form Apr Volume 142 Issue 4 Start Page 744 Other Pages 753 Notes LR: 20150325; CI: Copyright (c) 2012; GR: 1R21DK077742-01A1/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/United States; GR: 5 RO1 CA 001833-02/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States; GR: K05 CA124911/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States; GR: K05 CA124911/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States; GR: K23DK59311/D Place of Publication United States ISSN/ISBN 1528-0012; 0016-5085 Accession Number PMID: 22245667 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Multicenter Study; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; Research Support, N.I.H., Intramural; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; AIM; IM DOI 10.1053/j.gastro.2011.12.049 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 22245667 Abstract BACKGROUND & AIMS: Cigarette smoking has been implicated in the etiology of esophageal adenocarcinoma, but it is not clear if smoking is a risk factor for Barrett's esophagus. We investigated whether tobacco smoking and other factors increase risk for Barrett's esophagus. METHODS: We analyzed data from 5 case-control studies included in the international Barrett's and Esophageal Adenocarcinoma Consortium. We compared data from subjects with Barrett's esophagus (n = 1059) with those from subjects with gastroesophageal reflux disease (gastroesophageal reflux disease controls, n = 1332), and population-based controls (n = 1143), using multivariable logistic regression models to test associations with cigarette smoking. We also tested whether cigarette smoking has synergistic effects with other exposures, which might further increase risk for Barrett's esophagus. RESULTS: Subjects with Barrett's esophagus were significantly more likely to have ever smoked cigarettes than the population-based controls (odds ratio [OR] = 1.67; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.04-2.67) or gastroesophageal reflux disease controls (OR = 1.61; 95% CI: 1.33-1.96). Increasing pack-years of smoking increased the risk for Barrett's esophagus. There was evidence of a synergy between ever-smoking and heartburn or regurgitation; the attributable proportion of disease among individuals who ever smoked and had heartburn or regurgitation was estimated to be 0.39 (95% CI: 0.25-0.52). CONCLUSIONS: Cigarette smoking is a risk factor for Barrett's esophagus. The association was strengthened with increased exposure to smoking until approximately 20 pack-years, when it began to plateau. Smoking has synergistic effects with heartburn or regurgitation, indicating that there are various pathways by which tobacco smoking might contribute to development of Barrett's esophagus. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher AGA Institute. Published by Elsevier Inc Data Source Authors Cook,M.B., Shaheen,N.J., Anderson,L.A., Giffen,C., Chow,W.H., Vaughan,T.L., Whiteman,D.C., Corley,D.A. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20120111 PMCID PMC3321098 Editors
Comparison of ultrasound-assisted emulsification and dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction methods for the speciation of inorganic selenium in environmental water samples using low density extraction solvents	2012	Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran. n-najafi@sbu.ac.ir	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Analytica Chimica Acta Periodical, Abbrev. Anal.Chim.Acta Pub Date Free Form 10-Feb Volume 714 Issue Start Page 82 Other Pages 88 Notes LR: 20131121; CI: Copyright (c) 2011; JID: 0370534; 0 (Azoles); 0 (Emulsions); 0 (Organoselenium Compounds); 0 (Phenylenediamines); 0 (Selenium Compounds); 0 (Solvents); 0 (Water Pollutants, Chemical); 059QF0KO0R (Water); 273-15-4 (piaselenole); 5A9AX7Y0T Place of Publication Netherlands ISSN/ISBN 1873-4324; 0003-2670 Accession Number PMID: 22244140 Language eng SubFile Comparative Study; Journal Article; IM DOI 10.1016/j.aca.2011.11.063 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 22244140 Abstract Herein, ultrasound-assisted emulsification microextraction (USAEME) and dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME) methods based on applying low-density organic solvents have been critically compared for the speciation of inorganic selenium, Se(IV) (selenite) and Se(VI) (selenate) in environmental water samples by gas chromatography-flame ionization detection (GC-FID). At pH 2 and T=75 degrees C for 7 min, only Se(IV) was able to form the piazselenol complex with 4-nitro-o-phenylenediamine. Piazselenol was extracted using an extraction solvent and was injected into a GC-FID instrument for the determination of Se(IV). Conveniently, Se(VI) remained in the aqueous phase. Total inorganic selenium was determined after the reduction of Se(VI) to Se(IV) and prior to the above procedures. The Se(VI) concentration was calculated as the difference between the measured total inorganic selenium and Se(IV) content. The effect of various experimental parameters on the efficiencies of the two methods and their optimum values were studied with the aid of response surface methodology and experimental design. Under the optimal conditions, the limit of detections (LODs) for Se(IV) obtained by USAEME-GC-FID and DLLME-GC-FID were 0.05 and 0.11 ng mL(-1), respectively. The relative standard deviations (RSDs, n=6) for the measurement 10 ng mL(-1) of Se(IV) were 5.32% and 4.57% with the enrichment factors of 2491 and 1129 for USAEME-GC-FID and DLLME-GC-FID, respectively. Both methods were successfully applied to the analysis of inorganic selenium in different environmental water samples and certified reference material (NIST SRM 1643e). Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Elsevier B.V Data Source Authors Najafi,N.M., Tavakoli,H., Abdollahzadeh,Y., Alizadeh,R. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20111208 PMCID Editors
Smoking outdoors at pubs and bars: is it a problem? An air quality study	2011	Health Promotion and Policy Research Unit, Department of Public Health, University of Otago, Wellington, New Zealand. richard.edwards@otago.ac.nz	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full The New Zealand medical journal Periodical, Abbrev. N.Z.Med.J. Pub Date Free Form 16-Dec Volume 124 Issue 1347 Start Page 27 Other Pages 37 Notes JID: 0401067; 0 (Tobacco Smoke Pollution); epublish Place of Publication New Zealand ISSN/ISBN 1175-8716; 0028-8446 Accession Number PMID: 22237565 Language eng SubFile Comparative Study; Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 22237565 Abstract AIMS: (i) To measure air quality in semi-enclosed outdoor smoking areas of pubs and bars in New Zealand. (ii) To evaluate evidence of drift of fine particulates of secondhand smoke (SHS) from semi-enclosed outdoor smoking areas to indoor (smoke-free) areas. (iii) To evaluate evidence that the degree of communication between the outdoor smoking area and indoor areas influences the level of particulates indoors. METHODS: We measured fine particulate levels (PM(2.5)) using portable real-time aerosol monitors in a convenience sample of seven pubs and bars in central Wellington City. This was on one to three occasions (12 measurements in total) over four different nights. RESULTS: On the first two nights, when there was no or infrequent communication between the outdoor and indoor areas, the mean level of PM(2.5) varied from 32 to 109 mug/m(3) in the outdoor smoking area, and from 14 to 79 mug/m(3) in the adjacent indoor areas. On nights three and four, communicating doors were generally open most of the time. The mean level of PM(2.5) varied from 29 to 192 mug/m(3) in the smoking areas, from 36 to 117 mug/m(3) in adjacent indoor areas, and from 23 to 104 mug/m(3) in more distant indoor areas. Levels of PM(2.5) in adjacent indoor areas were highest in pubs where communicating doors were open all the time (mean 117 mug/m(3)), intermediate where communicating doors were open intermittently (mean 85 mug/m(3)), and lowest when they were wholly or mainly closed (mean 25 mug/m(3)). CONCLUSIONS: Air quality in semi-enclosed outdoor smoking areas was variable, and in some pubs was very poor. Where free communication exists between outdoor smoking areas and indoor areas, SHS drift can often greatly reduce indoor air quality throughout the pub or bar. Regulations to restrict the degree of communication and proximity of smoking areas to indoor areas may be justified to maintain indoor air quality and to protect health, particularly that of workers. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Edwards,R., Wilson,N. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20111216 PMCID Editors
Assessment of tobacco dependence in waterpipe smokers in Egypt	2012	Department of Community, Environmental and Occupational Health, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt. rahman_rehab@hotmail.com	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full The international journal of tuberculosis and lung disease : the official journal of the International Union against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease Periodical, Abbrev. Int.J.Tuberc.Lung Dis. Pub Date Free Form Jan Volume 16 Issue 1 Start Page 132 Other Pages 137 Notes LR: 20151119; GR: R01 TW005944/TW/FIC NIH HHS/United States; GR: R01 TW005944-05/TW/FIC NIH HHS/United States; JID: 9706389; 059QF0KO0R (Water); NIHMS354812; OID: NLM: NIHMS354812; OID: NLM: PMC3622209; ppublish Place of Publication France ISSN/ISBN 1815-7920; 1027-3719 Accession Number PMID: 22236859 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; IM DOI 10.5588/ijtld.11.0457 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 22236859 Abstract SETTING: Waterpipe smoking is increasing worldwide. Nevertheless, little is known about nicotine dependence in tobacco smokers who use waterpipes. OBJECTIVE: To assess evidence of dependence among non-cigarette smoking waterpipe smokers in Egypt. METHODS: A total of 154 male exclusive current waterpipe smokers were enrolled for the present study. We adapted the Fagerstrom test for nicotine dependence and the Reasons for Smoking (RFS) scales and related these to smoking behavior. RESULTS: The mean age of the subjects was 47 +/- 14 years, the mean age at smoking initiation was 22 +/- 9 years, and average daily consumption was 4 +/- 8 hagars (tobacco units). The time to the first smoke of the day (P Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Auf,R.A., Radwan,G.N., Loffredo,C.A., El Setouhy,M., Israel,E., Mohamed,M.K. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID PMC3622209 Editors
Spatial variability and application of ratios between BTEX in two Canadian cities	2011	Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Windsor, Windsor, ON, Canada N9B 3P4.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full TheScientificWorldJournal Periodical, Abbrev. ScientificWorldJournal Pub Date Free Form Volume 11 Issue Start Page 2536 Other Pages 2549 Notes LR: 20150128; JID: 101131163; 0 (Air Pollutants); 0 (Benzene Derivatives); 0 (Vehicle Emissions); 0 (Volatile Organic Compounds); 0 (Xylenes); 3FPU23BG52 (Toluene); J64922108F (Benzene); L5I45M5G0O (ethylbenzene); OID: NLM: PMC3253549; OTO: NOTNLM; 2011/1 Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1537-744X; 1537-744X Accession Number PMID: 22235184 Language eng SubFile Comparative Study; Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.1100/2011/167973 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 22235184 Abstract Spatial monitoring campaigns of volatile organic compounds were carried out in two similarly sized urban industrial cities, Windsor and Sarnia, ON, Canada. For Windsor, data were obtained for all four seasons at approximately 50 sites in each season (winter, spring, summer, and fall) over a three-year period (2004, 2005, and 2006) for a total of 12 sampling sessions. Sampling in Sarnia took place at 37 monitoring sites in fall 2005. In both cities, passive sampling was done using 3M 3500 organic vapor samplers. This paper characterizes benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, o, and (m + p)-xylene (BTEX) concentrations and relationships among BTEX species in the two cities during the fall sampling periods. BTEX concentration levels and rank order among the species were similar between the two cities. In Sarnia, the relationships between the BTEX species varied depending on location. Correlation analysis between land use and concentration ratios showed a strong influence from local industries. Use one of the ratios between the BTEX species to diagnose photochemical age may be biased due to point source emissions, for example, 53 tonnes of benzene and 86 tonnes of toluene in Sarnia. However, considering multiple ratios leads to better conclusions regarding photochemical aging. Ratios obtained in the sampling campaigns showed significant deviation from those obtained at central monitoring stations, with less difference in the (m + p)/E ratio but better overall agreement in Windsor than in Sarnia. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Miller,L., Xu,X., Wheeler,A., Atari,D.O., Grgicak-Mannion,A., Luginaah,I. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20111229 PMCID PMC3253549 Editors

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