WTS database

Title	Pub Year	Author Sort descending	SearchLink
Reconsidering the double etching of enamel: do self-etching primers contaminate phosphoric acid-etched enamel?	2013	Department of Operative Dentistry and Peridontology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany. andread.rathke@uniklinik-ulm.de	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full The journal of adhesive dentistry Periodical, Abbrev. J.Adhes.Dent. Pub Date Free Form Apr Volume 15 Issue 2 Start Page 107 Other Pages 114 Notes JID: 100888552; 0 (Acrylic Resins); 0 (AdheSE cement); 0 (Clearfil SE Bond); 0 (Composite Resins); 0 (Methacrylates); 0 (OptiBond Solo Plus Self-Etch); 0 (Phosphoric Acids); 0 (Resin Cements); E4GA8884NN (phosphoric acid); ppublish Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1461-5185; 1461-5185 Accession Number PMID: 23534014 Language eng SubFile Evaluation Studies; Journal Article; D DOI 10.3290/j.jad.a28671 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 23534014 Abstract PURPOSE: To evaluate the composite-to-enamel bond following double etching of the enamel using phosphoric acid and different self-etching (SE) bonding systems with and without the application of their respective acidic primers. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The enamel surfaces of 90 human molars were ground (600 grit) flat and randomly divided into nine groups (n = 10). Three two-step SE systems (AdheSE, ASE; Clearfil SE Bond, CSE; OptiBond Solo Plus SE, OSE) were tested, both with and without primer application on enamel pre-etched with phosphoric acid under dry bonding conditions. As the controls, the SE systems were applied according to their original directions without pre-etching. All the specimens were built up with a microhybrid composite resin (Arabesk Top). After water storage for 24 h at 37 degrees C, the bonded specimens were sheared to failure in the Zwicki 1120. Etching and failure patterns were evaluated using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). Shear bond strength was analyzed with two-way ANOVA and Tukey's test. Failure modes were analyzed with Fisher's exact test. RESULTS: Without pre-etching, CSE showed significantly higher bond strengths than ASE and OSE (p 0.05), 36% for CSE (p Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Rathke,A., Ostermeier,V., Muche,R., Haller,B. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Shear bond strength and SEM morphology evaluation of different dental adhesives to enamel prepared with ER:YAG laser	2013	Department of Operative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Contemporary clinical dentistry Periodical, Abbrev. Contemp.Clin.Dent. Pub Date Free Form Jan Volume 4 Issue 1 Start Page 20 Other Pages 26 Notes LR: 20130717; JID: 101552967; OID: NLM: PMC3703689; OTO: NOTNLM; ppublish Place of Publication India ISSN/ISBN 0976-237X; 0976-2361 Accession Number PMID: 23853447 Language eng SubFile Journal Article DOI 10.4103/0976-237X.111588 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 23853447 Abstract CONTEXT: Early observations of enamel surfaces prepared by erbium lasers motivated clinicians to use laser as an alternative to chemical etching. AIMS: Evaluate shear bond strength (SBS) values of different dental adhesives on Erbium:Yttrium Aluminum Garnet (Er:YAG) laser prepared enamel and to evaluate possible etching patterns correlations between dental adhesives and SBS values. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: One hundred bovine incisors were randomly assigned to SBS tests on enamel (n = 15) and to enamel morphology analysis (n = 5) after Er:YAG laser preparation as follows: Group I - 37% phosphoric acid (PA)+ ExciTE((R)); Group II - ExciTE((R)); Group III - AdheSE((R)) self-etching; Group IV - FuturaBond((R)) no-rinse. NR; Group V - Xeno((R)) V. Teeth were treated with the adhesive systems and subjected to thermal cycling. SBS were performed in a universal testing machine at 5 mm/min. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS USED: One-way ANOVA and post-hoc tests (P Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Pires,P.T., Ferreira,J.C., Oliveira,S.A., Azevedo,A.F., Dias,W.R., Melo,P.R. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID PMC3703689 Editors
Influence of different repair procedures on bond strength of adhesive filling materials to etched enamel in vitro	2003	Department of Operative Dentistry, Preventive Dentistry and Periodontology, University of Gottingen, Gottingen, Germany. Christian.hannig@med.uni-goettingen.de	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Operative dentistry Periodical, Abbrev. Oper.Dent. Pub Date Free Form Nov-Dec Volume 28 Issue 6 Start Page 800 Other Pages 807 Notes LR: 20131121; JID: 7605679; 0 (Compomers); 0 (Composite Resins); 0 (Definite composite resin); 0 (Dental Cements); 0 (Dental Materials); 0 (Dentin-Bonding Agents); 0 (Diphosphates); 0 (Dyract); 0 (Etch&Prime); 0 (Methacrylates); 0 (Monobond S); 0 (Pol Place of Publication United States ISSN/ISBN 0361-7734; 0361-7734 Accession Number PMID: 14653297 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; D DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 14653297 Abstract Contamination of etched enamel with repair bond agents during repair of dental restorations may interfere with the bonding of composite to enamel. This study examined the bond strength of adhesive filling materials to etched bovine enamel after pre-treatment with the repair systems Monobond S, Silibond and Co-Jet. The materials Tetric Ceram, Dyract and Definite and their corresponding bonding agents (Syntac Single Comp, Prime & Bond NT, Etch and Prime) were tested in combination with the repair systems. One hundred and thirty-five enamel specimens were etched (37% phosphoric acid, 60 seconds) and equally distributed among three groups (A-C). In Group A, the repair materials were applied on etched enamel followed by applying the composite materials without using their respective bonding material. In Group B, the composite materials were placed on etched enamel after applying the repair materials and bonding agents. In control Group C, the composite materials and bonding agents were applied on etched enamel without using the repair systems. In each sub-group, every composite material was applied on 15 specimens. Samples were stored in artificial saliva for 14 days and thermocycled 1,000 times (5 degrees C/55 degrees C). The shear bond strength of the samples were then determined in a universal testing machine (ISO 10477). Applying Monobond or Silibond followed by the use of its respective bonding agents resulted in a bond strength that was not statistically different from the controls for all filling materials (Group C). The three composites that used Monobond and Silibond without applying the corresponding bonding agent resulted in bond strengths that were significantly lower than the controls. Utilizing the Co-Jet-System drastically reduced the bond strength of composites on etched enamel. Contamination of etched enamel with the repairing bonding agents Monobond and Silibond does not interfere with bond strength if the application of Monobond and Silibond is followed by using its corresponding bonding system of the composites tested. Descriptors Acid Etching, Dental, Animals, Bisphenol A-Glycidyl Methacrylate/chemistry, Cattle, Compomers/chemistry, Composite Resins/chemistry, Dental Bonding, Dental Cements/chemistry, Dental Enamel/ultrastructure, Dental Materials/chemistry, Dental Prosthesis Repair/methods, Dental Restoration, Permanent, Dentin-Bonding Agents/chemistry, Diphosphates/chemistry, Ethanol/chemistry, Materials Testing, Methacrylates/chemistry, Polymethacrylic Acids/chemistry, Resin Cements/chemistry, Shear Strength, Silanes/chemistry, Siloxanes/chemistry, Terpenes/chemistry Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Hannig,C., Hahn,P., Thiele,P. P., Attin,T. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Effect of acid and laser etching on shear bond strength of conventional and resin-modified glass-ionomer cements to composite resin	2012	Department of Operative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Lasers in medical science Periodical, Abbrev. Lasers Med.Sci. Pub Date Free Form Mar Volume 27 Issue 2 Start Page 305 Other Pages 311 Notes JID: 8611515; 0 (Composite Resins); 0 (Dental Materials); 0 (Glass Ionomer Cements); 0 (Phosphoric Acids); 0 (Resin Cements); E4GA8884NN (phosphoric acid); 2010/02/26 [received]; 2010/11/30 [accepted]; 2011/01/14 [aheadofprint]; ppublish Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1435-604X; 0268-8921 Accession Number PMID: 21234634 Language eng SubFile Comparative Study; Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.1007/s10103-010-0868-8 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 21234634 Abstract Success in sandwich technique procedures can be achieved through an acceptable bond between the materials. The aim of this study was to compare the effect of 35% phosphoric acid and Er,Cr:YSGG laser on shear bond strength of conventional glass-ionomer cement (GIC) and resin-modified glass-ionomer cement (RMGIC) to composite resin in sandwich technique. Sixty-six specimens were prepared from each type of glass-ionomer cements and divided into three treatment groups as follows: without pretreatment, acid etching by 35% phosphoric acid for 15 s, and 1-W Er,Cr:YSGG laser treatment for 15 s with a 600-mum-diameter tip aligned perpendicular to the target area at a distance of 1 mm from the surface. Energy density of laser irradiation was 17.7 J/cm(2). Two specimens in each group were prepared for evaluation under a scanning electron microscope (SEM) after surface treatment and the remainder underwent bonding procedure with a bonding agent and composite resin. Then the shear bond strength was measured at a crosshead speed of 0.5 mm/min. Two-factor analysis of variance and post-hoc Tukey test showed that the cement type, surface treatment method, and the interaction of these two factors significantly affect the shear bond strength between glass-ionomer cements and composite resin (p Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Navimipour,E.J., Oskoee,S.S., Oskoee,P.A., Bahari,M., Rikhtegaran,S., Ghojazadeh,M. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20110114 PMCID Editors
Comparison of Cytotoxic Effect of Cigarette and Waterpipe Smoking on Human Buccal Mucosa	2017	Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Faculty of Dentistry, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran.; Department of Oral Medicine, Faculty of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full International journal of preventive medicine Periodical, Abbrev. Int.J.Prev.Med. Pub Date Free Form 5-Dec Volume 8 Issue Start Page 98 Other Pages Notes LR: 20181113; JID: 101535380; OTO: NOTNLM; 2017/01/30 00:00 [received]; 2017/07/02 00:00 [accepted]; 2018/01/02 06:00 [entrez]; 2018/01/02 06:00 [pubmed]; 2018/01/02 06:01 [medline]; epublish Place of Publication Iran ISSN/ISBN 2008-7802; 2008-7802 Accession Number PMID: 29291040 Language eng SubFile Journal Article DOI 10.4103/ijpvm.IJPVM_62_17 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 29291040 Abstract Background: The evidences on cytotoxic effect of cigarette and waterpipe smoking are very rare and controversial. The aim was to compare the cytotoxic effect of cigarette and waterpipe smoking on human buccal mucosa cells. Methods: The study was case-control. Feulgen-stained samples of exfoliated buccal mucosa cells were evaluated. The cytology slides of 25 cigarette smoker, 25 waterpipe smoker, and 25 individuals in the never smoked were examined. The number of pyknosis, karyorrhexis, and karyolysis in 1000 cells/subject were counted. Exposing to cigarette and waterpipe smoke was considered by the number of pack x years. Results: There were significant differences among the groups in terms of karyolysis and pyknosis while there was no significant difference among the cigarette smokers group and waterpipe smokers group in terms of karyorrhexis (P = 0. 01). The cytotoxicity effect of cigarette smoking was not significantly correlated to time exposure (r = 0.099, P = 0.637). The cytotoxicity effect of waterpipe smoking was significantly correlated to time exposure (r = -370, P = 0.044). Conclusions: The cytotoxic effect of cigarette and waterpipe smoking on buccal mucosa cells was significantly higher than nonsmokers. The effect of cigarette smoking on cellular death was higher than waterpipe. The cytotoxic effect of waterpipe smoking was dose dependent. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Naderi,N.J., Pasha,M.P. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20171205 PMCID PMC5738785 Editors
Smoking affects the subgingival microflora in periodontitis	2001	Department of Oral Biology, Section of Clinical Periodontal Microbiology, Academic Centre for Dentistry, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Journal of periodontology Periodical, Abbrev. J.Periodontol. Pub Date Free Form May Volume 72 Issue 5 Start Page 666 Other Pages 671 Notes LR: 20131121; JID: 8000345; ppublish Place of Publication United States ISSN/ISBN 0022-3492; 0022-3492 Accession Number PMID: 11394403 Language eng SubFile Comparative Study; Journal Article; D; IM DOI 10.1902/jop.2001.72.5.666 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 11394403 Abstract BACKGROUND: Tobacco smoking has been identified as one major risk factor for destructive periodontal disease. Scaling and root planing have been shown to be less effective in smokers with periodontitis. The aim of the present study was to compare the subgingival microbial flora of treated and untreated smokers and non-smokers. METHODS: Four independent adult patient groups with periodontitis were included in this investigation: 88 untreated smokers (U-S); 90 untreated non-smokers (U-NS); 119 treated non-smokers (T-NS); and 171 treated smokers (T-S). Clinical variables included cumulative plaque index (CPI), probing depth (PD), clinical attachment level (CAL), cumulative bleeding index (CBI), and cumulative suppuration index (CSI). Paper point samples from the deepest bleeding pocket in each quadrant of the dentition were analyzed for the presence and levels of 6 periodontal bacterial pathogens using anaerobic culture techniques. RESULTS: U-S showed a higher mean cumulative plaque index than U-NS (3.5 versus 2.7). Mean PD and mean CAL were higher in the T-S in comparison to the T-NS group (7.0 versus 6.6 mm and 5.6 versus 4.7 mm, respectively). Microbiological characteristics of U-S were a higher prevalence of Prevotella intermedia/nigrescens and higher mean levels of Peptostreptococcus micros (Pm) and Fusobacterium nucleatum (Fn). T-S patients were characterized by higher prevalence of Bacteroides forsythus (Bf), Pm, and Campylobacter rectus (Cr) and higher mean levels of Pm and Fn. The mean percentage of B. forsythus tended to be higher in the T-S group than in the T-NS group (6.9% versus 5.6%). The relative risk to be infected with Bf, Pm, and Cr was statistically higher in smokers (odds ratios: 1.9, 1.9, and 1.6, respectively). The chance to find > or =10% of Bf, Pm, and/or Fn was 3.3 higher in smokers when A. actinomycetemcomitans and P gingivalis were absent. Detection of > or =20% Pm/Fn in treated patients was strongly associated with smoking (odds ratio 13.8, P= 0.002). CONCLUSIONS: Smoking is a determining factor for the composition of the subgingival microflora in adult patients with periodontitis and may select for a specific cluster of periodontal pathogens, notably Bf, Pm, Fn, and Cr. On the basis of these observations, smoking, among other criteria, may be one parameter to use in deciding to treat refractory periodontitis in smokers with a systemic antibiotic therapy directed against smoking-associated periodontal bacteria. Descriptors Adult, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans/classification, Bacteroides/classification, Campylobacter/classification, Chi-Square Distribution, Dental Plaque Index, Fusobacterium nucleatum/classification, Gingiva/microbiology, Gingival Hemorrhage/classification/microbiology, Gram-Negative Bacteria/classification, Humans, Logistic Models, Middle Aged, Odds Ratio, Peptostreptococcus/classification, Periodontal Attachment Loss/classification/microbiology, Periodontal Index, Periodontal Pocket/classification/microbiology, Periodontitis/microbiology/therapy, Porphyromonas gingivalis/classification, Prevotella/classification, Prevotella intermedia/classification, Risk Factors, Smoking/physiopathology, Statistics, Nonparametric Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors van Winkelhoff,A. J., Bosch-Tijhof,C. J., Winkel,E. G., van der Reijden,W. A. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Effect of cigarette smoking on periodontal status of healthy young adults	2000	Department of Oral Medicine and Periodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Seville, Spain.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Journal of periodontology Periodical, Abbrev. J.Periodontol. Pub Date Free Form Jan Volume 71 Issue 1 Start Page 73 Other Pages 78 Notes LR: 20151119; JID: 8000345; ppublish Place of Publication UNITED STATES ISSN/ISBN 0022-3492; 0022-3492 Accession Number PMID: 10695941 Language eng SubFile Comparative Study; Journal Article; D; IM DOI 10.1902/jop.2000.71.1.73 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 10695941 Abstract BACKGROUND: It has been shown that tobacco is a significant risk factor for periodontal disease; however, there have been few studies on young populations where problems of general health can be discounted. The purpose of this study was to examine the influence of tobacco consumption on the periodontal condition of a young, healthy population. METHODS: The study population consisted of 304 young Caucasian males (average age 19.38 +/- 0.72 years) entering the Armed Forces. All the subjects completed a self-administered questionnaire on age, oral hygiene habits, previous dental examinations, and quantity and length of tobacco use. The periodontal examination consisted of the plaque index (PI); periodontal bleeding index (PBI); probing depth (PD); and clinical attachment level (CAL). One- and 2-way ANOVA was used to compare data recorded between smokers and non-smokers. RESULTS: Forty-six percent of subjects reported that they brushed their teeth at least once a day, but only 13% visited a dentist at least once a year. Over half (53%) were habitual smokers, 43% smoking between 5 and 20 cigarettes per day; 39% of the smokers had been smoking for less than 5 years. Mean PI was 31.24 +/- 14.88 (27.19 +/- 15.93 for smokers and 35.78 +/- 12.17 for non-smokers), with significant differences between non-smokers and those who smoked 5 to 20 cigarettes per day (26.85 +/- 16.11, P<0.0001). Mean PBI was 42.29 +/- 8.43 (non-smokers 44.67 +/- 6.53 and smokers 40.17 +/- 9.46). Significant differences were found between the PBI of the non-smokers and of those who smoked 5 to 20 cigarettes per day (39.90 +/- 9.64, P <0.0001). There were also differences in the PBI between those who brushed their teeth once (40.53 +/- 9.61) and twice (44.86 +/- 5.9) a day (P<0.0001). Mean PD was 1.62 +/- 0.43 mm (non-smokers 1.56 +/- 0.36 and smokers 1.68 +/- 0.49). Deeper probing depths were recorded among smokers than among non-smokers, with statistically significant differences (P<0.049); statistically significant differences were also found between those who attended (1.49 +/- 0.50) and those who did not attend (1.65 +/- 0.42) regular dental check-ups (P<0.031). Mean CAL 1.75 +/- 0.41 (non-smokers 1.64 +/- 0.32 and smokers 1.82 +/- 0.44). CONCLUSIONS: It may be concluded that, even at such an early age, tobacco consumption affects the periodontal health. It is necessary to inform young smokers of the risk of tobacco use regarding periodontal health. Descriptors Adult, Age Factors, Analysis of Variance, Attitude to Health, Dental Care, Dental Plaque Index, Gingival Hemorrhage/classification, Health Behavior, Humans, Male, Military Personnel, Oral Hygiene, Periodontal Attachment Loss/classification, Periodontal Diseases/etiology, Periodontal Pocket/classification, Periodontium/physiopathology, Risk Factors, Smoking/adverse effects/physiopathology, Surveys and Questionnaires, Time Factors, Toothbrushing Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Machuca,G., Rosales,I., Lacalle,J. R., Machuca,C., Bullon,P. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
'Hookah Smoking - An Age-old Modern Trend'	2015	Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, S.R College of Dental Sciences and Research, Faridabad, India.; Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, P.D.M Dental College and Research Institute, Bahadurgarh, Haryana, India.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Journal of family medicine and primary care Periodical, Abbrev. J.Family Med.Prim.Care. Pub Date Free Form Jan-Mar Volume 4 Issue 1 Start Page 151 Other Pages 4863.152278 Notes LR: 20150331; JID: 101610082; OID: NLM: PMC4366993; ppublish Place of Publication India ISSN/ISBN 2249-4863; 2249-4863 Accession Number PMID: 25811012 Language eng SubFile Journal Article DOI 10.4103/2249-4863.152278 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 25811012 Abstract Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Sharma,G., Nagpal,A. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID PMC4366993 Editors
Determinants of dental health status and dental health behavior among Sana'a University students, Yemen	2013	Department of Oral Medicine, Faculty of Dentistry, Damascus University, Damascus, Syria; Department of Oral Medicine and Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Sana'a University, Sana'a, Yemen.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Journal of investigative and clinical dentistry Periodical, Abbrev. J.Investig.Clin.Dent. Pub Date Free Form Nov Volume 4 Issue 4 Start Page 257 Other Pages 264 Notes CI: (c) 2013; JID: 101524471; OTO: NOTNLM; 2011/12/04 [received]; 2012/05/30 [accepted]; 2013/02/01 [aheadofprint]; ppublish Place of Publication Australia ISSN/ISBN 2041-1626; 2041-1618 Accession Number PMID: 23371921 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; D; IM DOI 10.1111/j.2041-1626.2012.00156.x [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 23371921 Abstract AIMS: To evaluate the dental health status and toothbrushing behavior among Sana'a University students, and to explore any associations with different factors. METHODS: In this cross-sectional study, the dental health of 360 students from the dental, medical, and literature faculties (120 each) at Sana'a University were examined using the Decayed, Missing, and Filled Teeth (DMFT) index. Data regarding study field, grade, toothbrushing behavior, parents' education, and smoking and khat chewing habits were recorded. RESULTS: Nearly 76% of students (n = 273) reported regularly brushing their teeth. Excluding fathers' education levels and khat chewing, other factors (faculty, grade, sex, mothers' education, and smoking) were significant independent predictors for this behavior. The overall mean DMFT score (+/- standard deviation) was 4.13 +/- 3.1, and was found to be adversely influenced by smoking, which explained only 1.1% of the variance. Toothbrushing, sex, and smoking were significant independent predictors for the decay score, and explained 10.6% of its variance. Khat chewing was found to be adversely associated with the missing score, with an influence of only 2.9%. The filling score was found to be positively associated with toothbrushing and study grade, which together had an influence of 10%. CONCLUSIONS: The dental health and toothbrushing behaviors of Sana'a University students are unsatisfactory, and influenced unequally by different factors. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Wiley Publishing Asia Pty Ltd Data Source Authors Halboub,E., Dhaifullah,E., Yasin,R. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20130201 PMCID Editors
An example of measurement and reporting of periodontal loss of attachment (LOA) in epidemiological studies: smoking and periodontal tissue destruction	1999	Department of Oral Rehabilitation, School of Dentistry, University of Otago, Dunedin.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full The New Zealand dental journal Periodical, Abbrev. N.Z.Dent.J. Pub Date Free Form Dec Volume 95 Issue 422 Start Page 118 Other Pages 123 Notes LR: 20061115; JID: 0401065; ppublish Place of Publication NEW ZEALAND ISSN/ISBN 0028-8047; 0028-8047 Accession Number PMID: 10687377 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; D; IM DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 10687377 Abstract The measurement and reporting of periodontal disease in epidemiological studies can be complex, with the common indices having well-recognised shortcomings. The aim of this study was to illustrate the use of the periodontal loss of attachment (LOA) approach in investigating the association between cigarette smoking and loss of periodontal attachment in a convenience sample of adults, in order to determine whether or not smoking was a risk indicator for periodontal disease. All participants were given a detailed periodontal clinical examination in two randomly assigned contralateral diagonal quadrants, with LOA measurements made at six sites per tooth. Information was also collected on participants' socio-demographic characteristics, oral hygiene practices, smoking history, and attitudes towards smoking. The 240 participants examined comprised 81 current smokers (CS), 79 former smokers (FS) and 80 nonsmokers (NS). Substantial differences and a gradient in disease existed for LOA among the three groups. CS exhibited the greatest (and NS the least) prevalence, extent, and severity of LOA. CS had more plaque and calculus than either of the other two groups, but the groups did not differ with respect to bleeding on probing. Overall, smoking was associated with the disease outcome, and this persisted after potential confounders were controlled using multivariate analysis. Although the observed differences may have been due to the self-selected nature of the sample, the gradient evident across the three smoking exposure groups suggests that smoking cessation can slow the progression of the disease. The LOA approach appears to be a versatile and informative method for recording, analysing, and presenting data on periodontitis in epidemiological studies. Descriptors Adult, Analysis of Variance, Attitude to Health, Chi-Square Distribution, Confounding Factors (Epidemiology), Dental Calculus/epidemiology, Dental Plaque/epidemiology, Disease Progression, Epidemiologic Studies, Female, Gingival Hemorrhage/epidemiology, Humans, Logistic Models, Male, Middle Aged, Multivariate Analysis, New Zealand/epidemiology, Oral Hygiene/statistics & numerical data, Periodontal Attachment Loss/epidemiology, Periodontal Index, Periodontitis/epidemiology, Prevalence, Risk Factors, Smoking/epidemiology, Smoking Cessation, Social Class Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Paidi,S., Pack,A. R., Thomson,W. M. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors

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