Image
WTS Database
The subject of interest is:
waterpipe, water-pipe, nargile, narghile, arguileh, arguile, shisha, sheesha, chichi, hubble bubble, hubbly bubbly, goza, hookah, bong
| Title Sort descending | Pub Year | Author | SearchLink |
|---|---|---|---|
| Incrustations in water pipes as affected by filamentous iron bacteria | 1947 | Read more... | |
|
Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Indian medical gazette
Periodical, Abbrev.
Ind Med Gaz
Pub Date Free Form
1947/01
Volume
82
Issue
1
Start Page
36
Other Pages
38
Notes
Place of Publication
ISSN/ISBN
0019-5863
Accession Number
Language
SubFile
DOI
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
Abstract
Descriptors
alkanesulfonic acid, iron, piperazine derivative, piperazine-N,N'-bis(2-ethanesulfonic acid), bacteriology, Gallionellaceae, microbiology
Links
Book Title
Database
MEDLINE
Publisher
Data Source
Embase
Authors
Pillai,S. C., Rajagopalan,R., Subrah-Manyan,V.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
PMCID
Editors
|
|||
| Indirectly suspended droplet microextraction of water-miscible organic solvents by salting-out effect for the determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons | 2014 | Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ilam University, Ilam, Iran. | Read more... |
|
Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Environmental toxicology and chemistry / SETAC
Periodical, Abbrev.
Environ.Toxicol.Chem.
Pub Date Free Form
Dec
Volume
33
Issue
12
Start Page
2694
Other Pages
2701
Notes
CI: (c) 2014; JID: 8308958; 0 (Polycyclic Hydrocarbons, Aromatic); 0 (Solvents); 0 (Water Pollutants, Chemical); 059QF0KO0R (Water); 96F264O9SV (1-Propanol); SU46BAM238 (Ammonium Sulfate); OTO: NOTNLM; 2014/01/29 [received]; 2014/04/21 [revised]; 2014/09/
Place of Publication
United States
ISSN/ISBN
1552-8618; 0730-7268
Accession Number
PMID: 25242239
Language
eng
SubFile
Journal Article; IM
DOI
10.1002/etc.2753 [doi]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
25242239
Abstract
A simple and low-cost method that indirectly suspended droplet microextraction of water-miscible organic solvents (ISDME) by salting-out effect before high-performance liquid chromatography and ultraviolet (HPLC-UV) detection was used for the determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in different samples. The ISDME is a combination of salting-out extraction of water-miscible organic solvent and directly suspended droplet microextraction (DSDME). Ninety-five microliters water-miscible organic solvent (1-propanol) was added to a 500-microL sample. A homogeneous solution was formed immediately. To produce a steady vortex at the top of the solution, the sample was agitated at 700 rpm using a magnetic stirrer. By the addition of ammonium sulfate (saturated solution) to the homogeneous solution, 1-propanol was separated and collected at the bottom of the steady vortex. Finally, 20 microL 1-propanol was injected into HPLC-UV. The effects of important parameters such as water-miscible organic solvent (type and volume), type of salt, and extraction time were evaluated. Under optimum conditions, the method has a good linear calibration range (0.1 microg/L-300 microg/L), coefficients of determination (R(2) > 0.998), low limits of detection (between 0.02 microg/L and 0.27 microg/L), and acceptable recovery (>85.0%).
Descriptors
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
SETAC
Data Source
Authors
Daneshfar,A., Khezeli,T.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
20141029
PMCID
Editors
|
|||
| Individual-level determinants of waterpipe smoking demand in four Eastern-Mediterranean countries | 2018 | Read more... | |
|
Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Health promotion international
Periodical, Abbrev.
Health Promot.Internation.
Pub Date Free Form
Volume
Issue
Start Page
Other Pages
Notes
Place of Publication
ISSN/ISBN
Accession Number
Language
SubFile
DOI
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
Abstract
Descriptors
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
Data Source
google
Authors
Salloum, Ramzi G, Nakkash, Rima, Abu-Rmeileh, Niveen ME, Hamadeh, Randah R, Darawad, Muhammad W, Kheirallah, Khalid A, Al-Farsi, Yahya, Yusufali, Afzalhussein, Thomas, Justin, Mostafa, Aya
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
PMCID
Editors
|
|||
| Individual-level factors associated with intentions to quit smoking among adult smokers in six cities of China: findings from the ITC China Survey | 2010 | Tobacco Control Office, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 27 Nanwei Road, Beijing, P R China. fengguoze@hotmail.com | Read more... |
|
Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Tobacco control
Periodical, Abbrev.
Tob.Control
Pub Date Free Form
Oct
Volume
19 Suppl 2
Issue
Start Page
i6
Other Pages
11
Notes
LR: 20141202; GR: 79551/Canadian Institutes of Health Research/Canada; GR: P50 CA111236/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States; GR: R01 CA125116/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States; GR: R01 CA125116/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States; JID: 9209612; OID: NLM: PMC2976002; ppublis
Place of Publication
England
ISSN/ISBN
1468-3318; 0964-4563
Accession Number
PMID: 20935198
Language
eng
SubFile
Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM
DOI
10.1136/tc.2010.037093 [doi]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
20935198
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Over 350 million smokers live in China, and this represents nearly one-third of the smoking population of the world. Smoking cessation is critically needed to help reduce the harms and burden caused by smoking-related diseases. It is therefore important to identify the determinants of quitting and of quit intentions among smokers in China. Such knowledge would have potential to guide future tobacco control policies and programs that could increase quit rates in China. OBJECTIVE: To identify the correlates of intentions to quit smoking among a representative sample of adult smokers in six cities in China. METHODS: Data from wave 1 (2006) of the International Tobacco Control (ITC) Policy Evaluation Project China Survey, a face-to-face survey of adult Chinese smokers in six cities: Beijing, Shenyang, Shanghai, Changsha, Guangzhou and Yinchuan, was analysed. Households were sampled using a stratified multistage design. About 800 smokers were surveyed in each selected city (total n=4815). RESULTS: Past quit attempts, duration of past attempts, Heaviness of Smoking Index (HSI), outcome expectancy of quitting, worry about future health and overall opinion of smoking were found to be independently associated with intentions to quit smoking, but demographic characteristics were not. CONCLUSIONS: The determinants of quit intentions among smokers in China are fairly similar to those found among smokers in Western countries, despite the fact that interest in quitting is considerably lower among Chinese smokers. Identifying the determinants of quit intentions provides possibilities for shaping effective policies and programs for increasing quitting among smokers in China.
Descriptors
Adolescent, Adult, Attitude to Health, China, Female, Health Surveys, Humans, Intention, Male, Middle Aged, Motivation, Smoking Cessation/psychology, Young Adult
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
Data Source
Authors
Feng,G., Jiang,Y., Li,Q., Yong,H. H., Elton-Marshall,T., Yang,J., Li,L., Sansone,N., Fong,G. T.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
PMCID
PMC2976002
Editors
|
|||
| Indoor air contamination during a waterpipe (narghile) smoking session | 2009 | Department of Environmental Health, Bavarian Health and Food Safety Authority, Veterinarstrasse 2, D-85764 Oberschleissheim, Germany. hermann.fromme@lgl.bayern.de | Read more... |
|
Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Food and chemical toxicology : an international journal published for the British Industrial Biological Research Association
Periodical, Abbrev.
Food Chem.Toxicol.
Pub Date Free Form
Jul
Volume
47
Issue
7
Start Page
1636
Other Pages
1641
Notes
LR: 20131121; JID: 8207483; 0 (Gases); 0 (Metals); 0 (Nitrogen Oxides); 0 (Particulate Matter); 0 (Polycyclic Hydrocarbons, Aromatic); 0 (Smoke); 0 (Tobacco Smoke Pollution); 7U1EE4V452 (Carbon Monoxide); CIN: Food Chem Toxicol. 2010 Mar;48(3):992-5; auth
Place of Publication
England
ISSN/ISBN
1873-6351; 0278-6915
Accession Number
PMID: 19394392
Language
eng
SubFile
Journal Article; IM
DOI
10.1016/j.fct.2009.04.017 [doi]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
19394392
Abstract
The smoke of waterpipe contains numerous substances of health concern, but people mistakenly believe that this smoking method is less harmful and addictive than cigarettes. An experiment was performed in a 57 m3 room on two dates with no smoking on the first date and waterpipe smoking for 4h on the second date. We measured volatile organic compounds (VOC), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), metals, carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen oxides (e.g. NO), as well as particle mass (PM), particle number concentration (PNC) and particle surface area in indoor air. High concentrations were observed for the target analytes during the 4-h smoking event. The median (90th percentile) values of PM(2.5), PNC, CO and NO were 393 (737 microg/m(3)), 289,000 (550,000 particles/cm(3)), 51 (65 ppm) and 0.11 (0.13 ppm), respectively. The particle size distribution has a maximum of particles relating to a diameter of 17 nm. The seven carcinogenic PAH were found to be a factor 2.6 higher during the smoking session compared to the control day. In conclusion, the observed indoor air contamination of different harmful substances during a WP session is high, and exposure may pose a health risk for smokers but in particular for non-smokers who are exposed to ETS.
Descriptors
Carbon Monoxide/analysis, Gases/analysis, Metals/analysis, Nitrogen Oxides/analysis, Particle Size, Particulate Matter/analysis, Pilot Projects, Polycyclic Hydrocarbons, Aromatic/analysis, Smoke/analysis, Smoking/adverse effects, Tobacco, Tobacco Smoke Pollution/analysis
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
Data Source
Authors
Fromme,H., Dietrich,S., Heitmann,D., Dressel,H., Diemer,J., Schulz,T., Jorres,R. A., Berlin,K., Volkel,W.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
20090424
PMCID
Editors
|
|||
| Indoor air pollution caused by cigarette smoke in public places in Portugal | 2007 | Instituto de Educacao e Psicologia, Universidade do Minho, Braga, Portugal. precioso@iep.uminho.pt | Read more... |
|
Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Revista de saude publica
Periodical, Abbrev.
Rev.Saude Publica
Pub Date Free Form
Oct
Volume
41
Issue
5
Start Page
808
Other Pages
813
Notes
LR: 20151119; JID: 0135043; 0 (Tobacco Smoke Pollution); 6M3C89ZY6R (Nicotine); 2006/12/04 [received]; 2007/05/08 [accepted]; ppublish
Place of Publication
Brazil
ISSN/ISBN
0034-8910; 0034-8910
Accession Number
PMID: 17923902
Language
por
SubFile
English Abstract; Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM
DOI
S0034-89102007000500015 [pii]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
17923902
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: There have been few studies investigating the level of cigarette smoke pollution to which people in several public and private places are exposed. The purpose of this study was to quantify the level of air pollution produced by cigarette smoking in workplaces and leisure settings. METHODS: The study was carried out in Braga, Portugal, in 2005. Nicotine content in indoor air was measured using passive monitors containing a 37-mm diameter filter inside treated with sodium bisulphate. The monitors were installed in predefined public workplaces and leisure settings. Median nicotine content was estimated for each place studied. RESULTS: Nicotine was detected in 85% of the samples. Extremely high air contamination levels were found in discos with a median of 82.26 microg/m3, ranging between 5.79 and 106.31 microg/m3. Workplaces of public administration and university buildings showed the lowest nicotine content. CONCLUSIONS: The study findings confirm the need to promote the implementation of smoke-free policies in workplaces and leisure settings to protect workers' health and as a reinforcing measure of an environment which facilitates smokers to quit smoking.
Descriptors
Air Pollution, Indoor/analysis, Environmental Exposure/analysis, Humans, Leisure Activities, Nicotine/analysis, Portugal, Private Sector, Public Facilities, Public Sector, Tobacco Smoke Pollution/analysis, Universities, Workplace
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
Data Source
Authors
Precioso,J., Lopez,M. J., Calheiros,J. M., Macedo,M., Ariza,C., Sanchez,F., Schiaffino,A., Fernandez,E., Nebot,M.
Original/Translated Title
Poluicao do ar interior provocada pelo fumo do cigarro em locais publicos de Portugal
URL
Date of Electronic
PMCID
Editors
|
|||
| Indoor air pollution levels in public buildings in Thailand and exposure assessment | 2009 | Environmental Engineering and Technology, School of Environment Resources and Development, Asian Institute of Technology, Phatumthani 12120, Thailand. | Read more... |
|
Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Environmental monitoring and assessment
Periodical, Abbrev.
Environ.Monit.Assess.
Pub Date Free Form
Sep
Volume
156
Issue
4-Jan
Start Page
581
Other Pages
594
Notes
LR: 20131121; JID: 8508350; 0 (Benzene Derivatives); 0 (Particulate Matter); 0 (Xylenes); 0UZA3422Q4 (Sulfur Dioxide); 142M471B3J (Carbon Dioxide); 3FPU23BG52 (Toluene); 7U1EE4V452 (Carbon Monoxide); J64922108F (Benzene); L5I45M5G0O (ethylbenzene); 2008/0
Place of Publication
Netherlands
ISSN/ISBN
1573-2959; 0167-6369
Accession Number
PMID: 18712485
Language
eng
SubFile
Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM
DOI
10.1007/s10661-008-0507-z [doi]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
18712485
Abstract
Levels of pollutants including PM2.5 and PM2.5 composition (black carbon and water soluble ions), SO(2), NO(2), CO, CO(2), and BTEX (benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, xylene) were monitored for indoor and outdoor air at a university campus and a shopping center, both located in the Northern suburb of Bangkok. Sampling was done during December 2005-February 2006 on both weekdays and weekends. At the university, indoor monitoring was done in two different air conditioned classrooms which shows the I/O ratios for all pollutants to be below 0.5-0.8 during the weekends. However, on weekdays the ratios for CO(2) and most detected BTEX were above 1.0. The concept of classroom occupancy was defined using a function of the student number in a lecture hour and the number of lecture hours per day. Classroom 2, which had a higher occupancy than classroom 1, was characterized by higher concentrations of most pollutants. PM2.5 was an exception and was higher in classroom 1 (37 microg/m(3), weekdays) as compared to classroom 2 (26 microg/m(3), weekdays) which was likely linked to the dust resuspension from the carpeted floor in the former. Monitoring was also done in the shopping mall at three different sites. Indoor pollutants levels and the I/O ratios at the shopping mall were higher than at the university. Levels of all pollutants measured at the car park, except for toluene and CO(2), were the highest. I/O ratios of the pollutants at the mall were above 1.0, which indicates the relatively higher influence of the indoor sources. However, the black carbon content in PM2.5 outdoor is higher than indoor, which suggest the important contribution from outdoor combustion sources such as the traffic. Major sources of outdoor air pollution in the areas were briefly discussed. Exposure modeling was applied using the time activity and measured pollutant concentrations to assess the exposure of different groups of people in the study areas. High exposure to PM2.5, especially for the people working in the mall, should be of health effect concern.
Descriptors
Air Pollution, Indoor/analysis, Benzene/analysis, Benzene Derivatives/analysis, Carbon Dioxide/analysis, Carbon Monoxide/analysis, Environmental Exposure/analysis, Humans, Particulate Matter/analysis, Public Facilities, Sulfur Dioxide/analysis, Thailand, Toluene/analysis, Xylenes/analysis
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
Data Source
Authors
Klinmalee,A., Srimongkol,K., Kim Oanh,N. T.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
20080819
PMCID
Editors
|
|||
| Indoor air quality due to secondhand smoke: Signals from selected hospitality locations in rural and urban areas of Bangalore and Dharwad districts in Karnataka, India | 2015 | Department of Centre for Multi-Disciplinary Development Research, Dharwad, Karnataka, India. | Read more... |
|
Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Indian journal of cancer
Periodical, Abbrev.
Indian J.Cancer
Pub Date Free Form
Oct-Dec
Volume
52
Issue
4
Start Page
708
Other Pages
713
Notes
JID: 0112040; ppublish
Place of Publication
India
ISSN/ISBN
1998-4774; 0019-509X
Accession Number
PMID: 26960527
Language
eng
SubFile
Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM
DOI
10.4103/0019-509X.178447 [doi]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
26960527
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Tobacco smoke has compounds that are known as human carcinogens. With every breath of secondhand smoke we inhale thousands of chemicals. The Government of India in the interest of public health has enacted the Cigarette and Other Tobacco Products Act (COTPA), 2003, which bans smoking in all the public places including hotels and restaurants. The purpose of this study was to observe and record air pollution in smoke free and smoke observed locations and thereby find out whether the owners/managers of hotels, restaurants, and bars comply with rules of COTPA. OBJECTIVES: The objectives of the study were to measure and compare the level of particulate air pollution from secondhand smoke (PM2.5) in smoking and nonsmoking venues. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study was conducted from September 2009 to March 2010 in Karnataka, India following a nonrandom sample of 79 locations, which included restaurants, bars, cafes, hotels, and tea stalls in two districts. The concentration of PM2.5 was measured using a TSI SidePak AM510 Personal Aerosol Monitor. RESULTS: In Karnataka out of the 79 hospitality locations, smoking was observed in 58% places and only 28% had displayed the required "No Smoking" signage. Places where indoor smoking was observed had high levels of air pollution with average 135 PM2.5, which were 3.1 times higher than the average 43 PM2.5 in smoke-free locations and 14 times higher than the World Health Organization (WHO) target air quality guideline for PM2.5. The average PM2.5 levels in different locations ranged from 11 to 417 mug/m(3) and was lower in the case of apparently compliant designated smoking area (DSR). CONCLUSIONS: The patrons and the workers in the hospitality sector continue to be exposed to secondhand smoke despite the enactment of COTPA, which bans smoking in public places. This situation demands stringent measures for effective implementation of the Smoke Free Act and negative response to smoking among civil society.
Descriptors
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
Data Source
Authors
Travers,M.J., Nayak,N.S., Annigeri,V.B., Billava,N.N.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
PMCID
Editors
|
|||
| Indoor air quality in Virginia waterpipe cafes | 2013 | Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23298, USA. | Read more... |
|
Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Tobacco control
Periodical, Abbrev.
Tob.Control
Pub Date Free Form
Sep
Volume
22
Issue
5
Start Page
338
Other Pages
343
Notes
LR: 20150225; GR: F31DA028102/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States; GR: R01CA120142/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States; GR: R01DA024876/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States; GR: R01DA025659/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States; GR: R25 CA090314/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States; GR: T32
Place of Publication
England
ISSN/ISBN
1468-3318; 0964-4563
Accession Number
PMID: 22447194
Language
eng
SubFile
Comparative Study; Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM
DOI
10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2011-050350 [doi]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
22447194
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: A revised indoor air quality law has been implemented in Virginia to protect the public from the harmful effects of secondhand smoke exposure. This legislation contains exemptions that include allowances for smoking in a room that is structurally separated and separately ventilated. The objective of the current study was to examine the impact of this law on air quality in waterpipe cafes, as well as to compare the air quality in these cafes to restaurants that allow cigarette smoking and those where no smoking is permitted. METHODS: Indoor air quality in 28 venues (17 waterpipe cafes, five cigarette smoking-permitted restaurants and six smoke-free restaurants (five with valid data)) in Virginia was assessed during 4 March to 27 May 2011. Real-time measurements of particulate matter (PM) with 2.5 mum aerodynamic diameter or smaller (PM2.5) were obtained and occupant behaviour/venue characteristics were assessed. RESULTS: The highest mean PM2.5 concentration was observed for waterpipe cafe smoking rooms (374 mug/m(3), n=17) followed by waterpipe cafe non-smoking rooms (123 mug/m(3), n=11), cigarette smoking-permitted restaurant smoking rooms (119 mug/m(3), n=5), cigarette smoking-permitted restaurant non-smoking rooms (26 mug/m(3), n=5) and smoke-free restaurants (9 mug/m(3), n=5). Smoking density was positively correlated with PM2.5 across smoking rooms and the smoke-free restaurants. In addition, PM2.5 was positively correlated between smoking and non-smoking rooms of venues. CONCLUSIONS: The PM2.5 concentrations observed among the waterpipe cafes sampled here indicated air quality in the waterpipe cafe smoking rooms was worse than restaurant rooms in which cigarette smoking was permitted, and state-required non-smoking rooms in waterpipe cafes may expose patrons and employees to PM2.5 concentrations above national and international air quality standards. Reducing the health risks of secondhand smoke may require smoke-free establishments in which tobacco smoking sources such as water pipes are, like cigarettes, prohibited.
Descriptors
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
Data Source
Authors
Cobb,C.O., Vansickel,A.R., Blank,M.D., Jentink,K., Travers,M.J., Eissenberg,T.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
20120324
PMCID
PMC3889072
Editors
|
|||
| Indoor air sampling for fine particulate matter and black carbon in industrial communities in Pittsburgh | 2015 | University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health, Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Pittsburgh, PA, USA. Electronic address: Bjt25@pitt.edu.; University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health, Department of Environmenta | Read more... |
|
Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
The Science of the total environment
Periodical, Abbrev.
Sci.Total Environ.
Pub Date Free Form
1-Dec
Volume
536
Issue
Start Page
108
Other Pages
115
Notes
CI: Copyright (c) 2015; GR: R01ES019222/ES/NIEHS NIH HHS/United States; JID: 0330500; 0 (Air Pollutants); 0 (Particulate Matter); 0 (Soot); OTO: NOTNLM; 2015/03/09 [received]; 2015/06/22 [revised]; 2015/06/28 [accepted]; 2015/07/21 [aheadofprint]; ppublis
Place of Publication
Netherlands
ISSN/ISBN
1879-1026; 0048-9697
Accession Number
PMID: 26204046
Language
eng
SubFile
Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM
DOI
10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.06.117 [doi]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
26204046
Abstract
Impacts of industrial emissions on outdoor air pollution in nearby communities are well-documented. Fewer studies, however, have explored impacts on indoor air quality in these communities. Because persons in northern climates spend a majority of their time indoors, understanding indoor exposures, and the role of outdoor air pollution in shaping such exposures, is a priority issue. Braddock and Clairton, Pennsylvania, industrial communities near Pittsburgh, are home to an active steel mill and coke works, respectively, and the population experiences elevated rates of childhood asthma. Twenty-one homes were selected for 1-week indoor sampling for fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and black carbon (BC) during summer 2011 and winter 2012. Multivariate linear regression models were used to examine contributions from both outdoor concentrations and indoor sources. In the models, an outdoor infiltration component explained 10 to 39% of variability in indoor air pollution for PM2.5, and 33 to 42% for BC. For both PM2.5 models and the summer BC model, smoking was a stronger predictor than outdoor pollution, as greater pollutant concentration increases were identified. For winter BC, the model was explained by outdoor pollution and an open windows modifier. In both seasons, indoor concentrations for both PM2.5 and BC were consistently higher than residence-specific outdoor concentration estimates. Mean indoor PM2.5 was higher, on average, during summer (25.8+/-22.7 mug/m3) than winter (18.9+/-13.2 mug/m3). Contrary to the study's hypothesis, outdoor concentrations accounted for only little to moderate variability (10 to 42%) in indoor concentrations; a much greater proportion of PM2.5 was explained by cigarette smoking. Outdoor infiltration was a stronger predictor for BC compared to PM2.5, especially in winter. Our results suggest that, even in industrial communities of high outdoor pollution concentrations, indoor activities--particularly cigarette smoking--may play a larger role in shaping indoor exposures.
Descriptors
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
. Published by Elsevier B.V
Data Source
Authors
Tunno,B.J., Naumoff Shields,K., Cambal,L., Tripathy,S., Holguin,F., Lioy,P., Clougherty,J.E.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
20150721
PMCID
Editors
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