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The subject of interest is:
waterpipe, water-pipe, nargile, narghile, arguileh, arguile, shisha, sheesha, chichi, hubble bubble, hubbly bubbly, goza, hookah, bong
| Title | Pub Year | Author | SearchLink Sort descending |
|---|---|---|---|
| Resin adhesion on the primary ground enamel. (2) Influence of the etched enamel | 1990 | Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Nagasaki University School of Dentistry. | Read more... |
|
Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Shoni shikagaku zasshi.The Japanese journal of pedodontics
Periodical, Abbrev.
Shoni Shikagaku Zasshi
Pub Date Free Form
Volume
28
Issue
4
Start Page
907
Other Pages
917
Notes
LR: 20131121; JID: 0136612; 0 (Composite Resins); 0 (Dental Cements); 0 (Phosphoric Acids); 0 (Resin Cements); 454I75YXY0 (Bisphenol A-Glycidyl Methacrylate); 90881-69-9 (Scotchbond); E4GA8884NN (phosphoric acid); ppublish
Place of Publication
JAPAN
ISSN/ISBN
0583-1199; 0583-1199
Accession Number
PMID: 2151977
Language
jpn
SubFile
English Abstract; Journal Article; D
DOI
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
2151977
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of the etching times on the adhesion of the resin on the primary ground enamel. Fifty extracted and frozen bovine mandibular primary incisors were used. The etchant used in this study was 37% phospholic acid gel and the etching times were 0, 10, 20, 30 and 60 seconds. All of the specimens were washed with an air water spray after etching. The bonding agent and composite resin used in this study were Dual Cured Scotch Bond and Silux (3M Co.). Shear bond strengths on the ground enamel were measured. After the shear bond strength test, all the test surfaces of the enamel and resin specimens were observed using the SEM. The results of this study were compared with the previous results using Photo Bond and Photo Clearifil A (Kurarey Co.). 1) The etching time which showed the highest bond strength was 20 seconds (76.77 +/- 12.99 Mpa). 2) When the enamel was etched with all of the etching times, the bond strength were significantly higher than that of the enamel without etching (p less than 0.01). 3) In the etched groups, there was no significant difference among the bond strengths with all of the etching times categories. 4) In the etched groups, the longer the etching times, the lower the standard deviations were. 5) On the enamel specimens after the shear bond strength test, the frequency of the resin tags fractured inside of the enamel prisms was higher in the group which showed a lower bond strength. 6) For the same etching times, significant difference between the bond strengths of Silux and those of Photo Clearfil A was obtained only with the 20 seconds of etching time (p less than 0.01) and the bond strength of Silux was higher.
Descriptors
Acid Etching, Dental, Animals, Bisphenol A-Glycidyl Methacrylate, Cattle, Composite Resins, Dental Bonding, Dental Cements, Dental Enamel/ultrastructure, Microscopy, Electron, Scanning, Phosphoric Acids, Resin Cements, Tensile Strength, Time Factors
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
Data Source
Authors
Hosoya,Y., Nakamura,N., Ando,K., Matsui,T., Kashima,C., Goto,G.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
PMCID
Editors
|
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| Tris{4-[(2H-tetra-zol-5-yl)meth-yl]morpholinium} dodeca-tungstophosphate hexa-hydrate | 2011 | Read more... | |
|
Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Acta crystallographica.Section E, Structure reports online
Periodical, Abbrev.
Acta Crystallogr.Sect.E.Struct.Rep.Online
Pub Date Free Form
5-Feb
Volume
67
Issue
Pt 3
Start Page
m301
Other Pages
2
Notes
LR: 20111209; JID: 101089178; OID: NLM: PMC3052096; 2010/12/01 [received]; 2011/01/29 [accepted]; 2011/02/05 [epublish]; epublish
Place of Publication
England
ISSN/ISBN
1600-5368; 1600-5368
Accession Number
PMID: 21522240
Language
eng
SubFile
Journal Article
DOI
10.1107/S1600536811003734 [doi]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
21522240
Abstract
The title heteropolyoxidotungstate-based inorganic-organic hybrid material, (C(6)H(12)N(5)O)(3)[W(12)(PO(4))O(36)].6H(2)O, consists of one alpha-Keggin-type [W(12)(PO(4))O(36)](3-) polyoxidometalate anion (POM), three crystallographically independent 4-[(2H-tetra-zol-5-yl)meth-yl]morpholinium cations and six water mol-ecules of crystallization. The morpholine ring of the cation adopts a chair conformation. The anion shows characteristic features with respect to bond lengths and angles. An extensive network of N-Hcdots, three dots, centeredO, N-Hcdots, three dots, centeredN, O-Hcdots, three dots, centeredO and O-Hcdots, three dots, centeredN hydrogen-bonding inter-actions between the organic cations, inorganic anion and the crystal water mol-ecules lead to a three-dimensional structure. Moreover, six uncoordinated water mol-ecules increase the number of hydrogen bonds in the network and lead to the formation of (H(2)O)(infinity) clusters.
Descriptors
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
Data Source
Authors
Feizyzadeh,B., Mirzaei,M., Eshtiagh-Hosseini,H., Gholizadeh,A.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
20110205
PMCID
PMC3052096
Editors
|
|||
| 4-[(3-Benzamido-methyl-6-phenyl-6,7-dihydro-5H-1,2,4-triazolo[3,4-b][1,3,4]thia-d iazin-7-yl)carbon-yl]-3-phenyl-1,2,3-oxadiazol-3-ium-5-olate 0.06-hydrate | 2010 | Read more... | |
|
Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Acta crystallographica.Section E, Structure reports online
Periodical, Abbrev.
Acta Crystallogr.Sect.E.Struct.Rep.Online
Pub Date Free Form
15-Dec
Volume
67
Issue
Pt 1
Start Page
o128
Other Pages
9
Notes
LR: 20111209; JID: 101089178; OID: NLM: PMC3050302; 2010/11/16 [received]; 2010/11/30 [accepted]; 2010/12/15 [epublish]; epublish
Place of Publication
England
ISSN/ISBN
1600-5368; 1600-5368
Accession Number
PMID: 21522639
Language
eng
SubFile
Journal Article
DOI
10.1107/S1600536810049998 [doi]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
21522639
Abstract
The asymmetric unit of the title compound, C(27)H(21)N(7)O(4)S.0.06H(2)O, contains four syndone mol-ecules and a water mol-ecule with a site occupancy of 0.25. In two of the syndone mol-ecules, three atoms in a terminal phenyl ring are disordered over two sets of sites, with occupancy ratios of 0.500 (18):0.500 (18) and 0.512 (17):0.488 (17). The dihedral angles between terminal phenyl rings for the syndone mol-ecules are 23.3 (4), 45.57 (16), 68.46 (16) and 56.5 (3) degrees . In the crystal, mol-ecules are connected via N-Hcdots, three dots, centeredN, N-Hcdots, three dots, centeredO, O-Hcdots, three dots, centeredO, O-Hcdots, three dots, centeredN and C-Hcdots, three dots, centeredO hydrogen bonds, forming a three-dimensional network.
Descriptors
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
Data Source
Authors
Fun,H. K., Hemamalini,M., Nithinchandra, Kalluraya,B.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
20101215
PMCID
PMC3050302
Editors
|
|||
| 4-(Piperidin-1-yl)-4H-benzo[b]tetra-zolo[1,5-d][1,4]diazepin-5(6H)-one | 2010 | Read more... | |
|
Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Acta crystallographica.Section E, Structure reports online
Periodical, Abbrev.
Acta Crystallogr.Sect.E.Struct.Rep.Online
Pub Date Free Form
4-Dec
Volume
67
Issue
Pt 1
Start Page
o23
Other Pages
4
Notes
LR: 20111209; JID: 101089178; OID: NLM: PMC3050344; 2010/11/15 [received]; 2010/11/29 [accepted]; 2010/12/04 [epublish]; epublish
Place of Publication
England
ISSN/ISBN
1600-5368; 1600-5368
Accession Number
PMID: 21522729
Language
eng
SubFile
Journal Article
DOI
10.1107/S1600536810049950 [doi]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
21522729
Abstract
There are two crystallographically unique mol-ecules present in the asymmetric unit of the title compound, C(14)H(16)N(6)O; in both mol-ecules, the seven-membered diazepinone ring adopts a boat-like conformation and the chair conformation piperidine ring is an axial substituent on the diazepinone ring. In the crystal, each mol-ecule forms hydrogen bonds with its respective symmetry equivalents. Hydrogen bonding between mol-ecule A and symmetry equivalents forms two ring motifs, the first formed by inversion-related N-Hcdots, three dots, centeredO inter-actions and the second formed by C-Hcdots, three dots, centeredO and C-Hcdots, three dots, centeredN inter-actions. The combination of both ring motifs results in the formation of an infinite double tape, which propagates in the a-axis direction. Hydrogen bonding between mol-ecule B and symmetry equivalents forms one ring motif by inversion-related N-Hcdots, three dots, centeredO inter-actions and a second ring motif by C-Hcdots, three dots, centeredO inter-actions, which propagate as a single tape parallel with the c axis.
Descriptors
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
Data Source
Authors
Nichol,G. S., Xu,Z., Kaiser,C. E., Hulme,C.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
20101204
PMCID
PMC3050344
Editors
|
|||
| Determination of brilliant green from fish pond water using carbon nanotube assisted pseudo-stir bar solid/liquid microextraction combined with UV-vis spectroscopy-diode array detection | 2011 | Department of Chemistry, Payame Noor University, 19395-4697 Tehran, Iran. zarrin_eshaghi@yahoo.com | Read more... |
|
Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Spectrochimica acta.Part A, Molecular and biomolecular spectroscopy
Periodical, Abbrev.
Spectrochim.Acta A Mol.Biomol.Spectrosc.
Pub Date Free Form
Aug
Volume
79
Issue
3
Start Page
603
Other Pages
607
Notes
LR: 20121115; CI: Copyright (c) 2011; JID: 9602533; 0 (Anti-Infective Agents, Local); 0 (Coloring Agents); 0 (Nanotubes, Carbon); 0 (Quaternary Ammonium Compounds); 0 (Water Pollutants, Chemical); G0L543D370 (brilliant green); 2011/02/01 [received]; 2011/
Place of Publication
England
ISSN/ISBN
1873-3557; 1386-1425
Accession Number
PMID: 21531168
Language
eng
SubFile
Evaluation Studies; Journal Article; IM
DOI
10.1016/j.saa.2011.03.042 [doi]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
21531168
Abstract
This paper describes the development of a new design of hollow fiber solid/liquid phase microextraction (HF-SLPME) for determination of brilliant green (BG) residues in water fish ponds. This method consists of an aqueous donor phase and carbon nanotube reinforced organic solvent (acceptor phase) operated in direct immersion sampling mode. The multi-walled carbon nanotube dispersed in the organic solvent is held in the pores and lumen of a porous polypropylene hollow fiber. It is in contact directly with the aqueous donor phase. In this method the solid/liquid extractor phase is supported using a polypropylene hollow fiber membrane. Both ends of the hollow fiber segment are sealed with magnetic stoppers. This device is placed inside the donor solution and plays the rule of a pseudo-stir bar. It is disposable, so single use of the fiber reduces the risk of carry-over problems. Brilliant green (BG) after extraction from the aqueous samples with mentioned HF-SLPME device was determined by ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy with diode array detection (UV-vis/DAD). The absorption wavelength was set to 625 nm (lambda(max)). The effect of different variables on the extraction was evaluated and optimized to enhance the sensitivity and extraction efficiency of the proposed method. The calibration curve was linear in the range of 1.00-10,000 mug L(-1) of BG in the initial solution with R(2)=0.979. Detection limit, based on three times the standard deviation of the blank, was 0.55 mug L(-1). All experiments were carried out at room temperature (25+/-0.5 degrees C).
Descriptors
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
Elsevier B.V
Data Source
Authors
Es'haghi,Z., Khooni,M.A., Heidari,T.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
20110409
PMCID
Editors
|
|||
| Polydopamine supported preparation method for solid-phase microextraction coatings on stainless steel wire | 2011 | Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources, CAS/Key Laboratory for Natural Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 18 Tianshui Road, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China. | Read more... |
|
Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Journal of chromatography.A
Periodical, Abbrev.
J.Chromatogr.A
Pub Date Free Form
10-Jun
Volume
1218
Issue
23
Start Page
3601
Other Pages
3607
Notes
LR: 20131121; CI: Copyright (c) 2011; JID: 9318488; 0 (Polycyclic Hydrocarbons, Aromatic); 0 (Soil); 0 (Water Pollutants, Chemical); 059QF0KO0R (Water); 12597-68-1 (Stainless Steel); 660YQ98I10 (Potassium Chloride); 91D9GV0Z28 (Durapatite); VTD58H1Z2X (Do
Place of Publication
Netherlands
ISSN/ISBN
1873-3778; 0021-9673
Accession Number
PMID: 21531422
Language
eng
SubFile
Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM
DOI
10.1016/j.chroma.2011.04.018 [doi]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
21531422
Abstract
In this paper, we introduced a novel and versatile route to prepare solid-phase microextraction coatings on the chemically inert stainless steel wire. Polydopamine films can be created on metallic substrates by an oxidant-induced polymerization and subsequently support various secondary reactions to prepare functional surfaces. In the present work, polydopamine-bioactivated stainless steel wire was successfully modified by nanostructured hydroxyapatite. Extraction performance of the fiber was assessed on several polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in water solutions. Extraction mechanism was suggested based on the correlation of partition coefficients and LogPs. Both aqueous and solid real life samples were used to test the reliability of the solid-phase microextraction-gas chromatography method; some analytes were detected and quantified.
Descriptors
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
Elsevier B.V
Data Source
Authors
Feng,J., Sun,M., Li,J., Xu,L., Liu,X., Jiang,S.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
20110414
PMCID
Editors
|
|||
| Isolation and identification of Legionella and their host amoebae from weak alkaline carbonate spring water using a culture method combined with PCR | 2011 | Super Micro Mass Research and Technology Center, Cheng-Shiu University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, Republic of China. | Read more... |
|
Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Parasitology research
Periodical, Abbrev.
Parasitol.Res.
Pub Date Free Form
Nov
Volume
109
Issue
5
Start Page
1233
Other Pages
1241
Notes
JID: 8703571; 2011/03/10 [received]; 2011/03/18 [accepted]; 2011/05/03 [aheadofprint]; ppublish
Place of Publication
Germany
ISSN/ISBN
1432-1955; 0932-0113
Accession Number
PMID: 21537990
Language
eng
SubFile
Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM
DOI
10.1007/s00436-011-2366-8 [doi]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
21537990
Abstract
Legionella were detected with the direct DNA extraction method, Legionella culture method, and free-living amoebae (FLA) culture method from weak alkaline carbonate spring water in Taiwan. Moreover, we also investigated the existence of Acanthamoeba, Hartmannella, and Naegleria, ubiquitous FLA in aquatic environments, to identify the correlations between existing Legionella. This study reports detecting Legionella in 15 of the 51 weak alkaline carbonate spring water samples (29.4%). This work also found five of the 51 samples (9.8%) analyzed by the direct DNA extraction method, three of the 51 (5.9%) samples analyzed by the Legionella culture method, and 11 of the 51 samples (21.6%) evaluated using the FLA culture method to be positive for Legionella. The most frequently identified Legionella species was the Legionella-like amoebal pathogen (n=5), followed by unidentified Legionella spp. (n=4), and Legionella pneumophila (n=4), Legionella fairfieldensis (n=3), and then Legionella rubrilucens (n=2). Legionella waltersii was detected once. The occurrence of Acanthamoeba, Hartmannella, and Naegleria were 5.9% (3/51), 52.9% (27/51), and 5.9% (3/51), respectively. All Hartmannella isolates were identified as Hartmannella vermiformis, and Naegleria isolates were all identified as Naegleria australiensis. The three Acanthamoeba isolates were identified as one Acanthamoeba polyphaga and two Acanthamoeba jacobsi. H. vermiformis (40.7%) were Legionella hosts, including all of the amoebae-resistant Legionella detected in the present study. Therefore, the important correlations between Legionella and H. vermiformis require further clarification. The combined results of this survey confirm that Legionella and FLA are ubiquitous in weak alkaline carbonate spring water in Taiwan.
Descriptors
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
Data Source
Authors
Huang,S.W., Hsu,B.M., Chen,N.H., Huang,C.C., Huang,K.H., Chen,J.S., Kao,P.M.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
20110503
PMCID
Editors
|
|||
| Identification of the antioxidant principles of Polyalthia longifolia var. pendula using TEAC assay | 2011 | Division of Medicinal and Process Chemistry, Central Drug Research Institute (CSIR), Uttar Pradesh, India. sashidhar123@gmail.com | Read more... |
|
Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Natural product research
Periodical, Abbrev.
Nat.Prod.Res.
Pub Date Free Form
May
Volume
25
Issue
9
Start Page
918
Other Pages
926
Notes
LR: 20131121; JID: 101167924; 0 (Antioxidants); 0 (Flavonoids); 0 (Glycosides); 9IKM0I5T1E (Quercetin); ppublish
Place of Publication
England
ISSN/ISBN
1478-6427; 1478-6419
Accession Number
PMID: 21547843
Language
eng
SubFile
Journal Article; IM
DOI
10.1080/14786419.2010.490214 [doi]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
21547843
Abstract
Activity-guided fractionation of the ethanolic extract of the leaves of the Polyalthia longifolia var. pendula led to the identification of quercetin (1), quercetin-3-O-beta-glucopyranoside (2), kaempferol-3-O-alpha-rhamnopyranosyl-(1 --> 6)-beta-galactopyranoside (3), kaempferol-3-O-alpha-rhamnopyranosyl-(1 --> 6)-beta-glucopyranoside (4), rutin (5) and allantoin (6) as the active constituents from the butanol fraction. Compounds 2-4 are reported for the first time from this natural source. Structures of the compounds were confirmed on the basis of their 1D and 2D NMR coupled with other spectroscopic methods. All the isolated compounds and the fractions were evaluated for their antioxidant potential using the TEAC assays and it was found that the activity of the active fraction was due to quercetin (1) and its glycosides (2 and 5), with TEAC values of 4.10, 1.91 and 2.38 mM, respectively, while the kaempferol glycosides were found to be inactive. This is the first study on the antioxidant activity of this plant species.
Descriptors
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
Data Source
Authors
Sashidhara,K.V., Singh,S.P., Srivastava,A., Puri,A.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
PMCID
Editors
|
|||
| Assessment of DNA damage by comet assay and fast halo assay in buccal epithelial cells of Indian women chronically exposed to biomass smoke | 2011 | Department of Experimental Hematology, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute, 37, S.P. Mukherjee Road, Kolkata 700026, India. nandan gm@yahoo.com | Read more... |
|
Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
International journal of hygiene and environmental health
Periodical, Abbrev.
Int.J.Hyg.Environ.Health
Pub Date Free Form
Jul
Volume
214
Issue
4
Start Page
311
Other Pages
318
Notes
CI: Copyright (c) 2011; JID: 100898843; 0 (Particulate Matter); 0 (Reactive Oxygen Species); 0 (Smoke); EC 1.15.1.1 (Superoxide Dismutase); 2010/12/08 [received]; 2011/03/18 [revised]; 2011/04/05 [accepted]; 2011/05/06 [aheadofprint]; ppublish
Place of Publication
Germany
ISSN/ISBN
1618-131X; 1438-4639
Accession Number
PMID: 21550302
Language
eng
SubFile
Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM
DOI
10.1016/j.ijheh.2011.04.003 [doi]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
21550302
Abstract
Genotoxicity of indoor air pollution from biomass burning was evaluated in buccal epithelial cells (BECs) of 85 pre-menopausal Indian women who were engaged in cooking with biomass (wood, dung, crop residues) and 76 age-matched control women who were cooking with cleaner fuel liquefied petroleum gas (LPG). DNA damage was evaluated by comet assay and fast halo assay (FHA). The concentrations of particulate matter with aerodynamic diameters of less than 10 and 2.5 mum (PM(10) and PM(2.5), respectively) in indoor air were measured by real-time aerosol monitor. Generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was measured by flow cytometry and the level of superoxide dismutase (SOD) by spectrophotometry. Compared with control, BEC of biomass users illustrated 2.6-times higher comet tail % DNA (32.2 vs. 12.4, p
Descriptors
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
Elsevier GmbH
Data Source
Authors
Mondal,N.K., Bhattacharya,P., Ray,M.R.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
20110506
PMCID
Editors
|
|||
| Lung function and exposure to workplace second-hand smoke during exemptions from smoking ban legislation: an exposure-response relationship based on indoor PM2.5 and urinary cotinine levels | 2011 | The University of Hong Kong, 5/F William MW Mong Block, 21 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China. | Read more... |
|
Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Thorax
Periodical, Abbrev.
Thorax
Pub Date Free Form
Jul
Volume
66
Issue
7
Start Page
615
Other Pages
623
Notes
LR: 20131121; JID: 0417353; 0 (Air Pollutants, Occupational); 0 (Particulate Matter); 0 (Tobacco Smoke Pollution); K5161X06LL (Cotinine); 2011/05/06 [aheadofprint]; ppublish
Place of Publication
England
ISSN/ISBN
1468-3296; 0040-6376
Accession Number
PMID: 21551212
Language
eng
SubFile
Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM
DOI
10.1136/thx.2011.160291 [doi]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
21551212
Abstract
BACKGROUND: The effects of workplace second-hand smoke (SHS) on lung function remain uncertain because of a lack of objective measures for SHS exposures. OBJECTIVE: To determine whether an exposure-response association exists between lung function and two different markers of SHS based on indoor fine particulate (PM(2.5)) and urinary cotinine levels in non-smoking catering workers. DESIGN: A cross-sectional study during a 1.5-year exemption of licensed catering premises from smoke-free legislation. Participants 186 non-smoking catering workers aged 18-65 years in Hong Kong were recruited. A declared non-smoking status was accepted in workers with exhaled breath carbon monoxide levels 175 mug/m(3)) with FEV(1) -0.072 (95% CI -0.123 to -0.021), -0.078 (95% CI -0.132 to -0.024), -0.101 (95% CI -0.187 to -0.014); FEF(25-75) -0.368 (95% CI -0.660 to -0.077), -0.489 (95% CI -0.799 to -0.179), -0.597 (95% CI -0.943 to -0.251); and FEV(1)/FVC (%) -2.9 (95% CI -4.8 to -1.0), -3.2 (95% CI -5.1 to -1.4) and -4.4 (95% CI -7.4 to -1.3), respectively. Urinary cotinine was associated positively with indoor PM(2.5) but negatively with lung function. Consistently lower values for lung function per unit increase of indoor PM(2.5) were found. CONCLUSION: Lung function is inversely associated with workplace SHS. Workplace exemptions and delays in implementing smoke-free policies and current moves to relax legislation are a major threat to the health of workers.
Descriptors
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
Data Source
Authors
Lai,H.K., Hedley,A.J., Repace,J., So,C., Lu,Q.Y., McGhee,S.M., Fielding,R., Wong,C.M.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
20110506
PMCID
Editors
|
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