WTS database

Title	Pub Year	Author Sort descending	SearchLink
Abstinence rates among college cigarette smokers enrolled in a randomized clinical trial evaluating Quit and Win contests: The impact of concurrent hookah use	2015	Department of Medicine, Division of General Internal Medicine, University of Minnesota, 717 Delaware St. SE Minneapolis, MN 55414, USA. Electronic address: jthomas@umn.edu.; Department of Medicine, Division of General Internal Medicine, University of Minn	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Preventive medicine Periodical, Abbrev. Prev.Med. Pub Date Free Form Jul Volume 76 Issue Start Page 20 Other Pages 25 Notes LR: 20160701; CI: Copyright (c) 2015; ClinicalTrials.gov/NCT01096108; GR: 5R01-HL094183-05/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/United States; GR: P30 CA077598/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States; GR: R01 HL094183/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/United States; JID: 0322116; NIHMS735457; OID: NLM: Place of Publication United States ISSN/ISBN 1096-0260; 0091-7435 Accession Number PMID: 25773472 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; IM DOI 10.1016/j.ypmed.2015.03.010 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 25773472 Abstract OBJECTIVE: To examine baseline characteristics and biochemically verified 1-, 4-, and 6-month tobacco quit rates among college students enrolled in a Quit and Win cessation trial, comparing those who concurrently smoke both hookah and cigarettes with those who deny hookah use. METHODS: Analyses were conducted on data from 1217 college students enrolled in a Quit and Win tobacco cessation randomized clinical trial from 2010-2012. Multivariable logistic regression (MLR) analyses examined group differences in baseline characteristics and cotinine verified 30-day abstinence at 1, 4, and 6-month follow-up, adjusting for baseline covariates. RESULTS: Participants smoked 11.5(+/-8.1) cigarettes per day on 28.5(+/-3.8) days/month, and 22% smoked hookah in the past 30days. Hookah smokers (n=270) were more likely to be male (p Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher . Published by Elsevier Inc Data Source Authors Thomas,J.L., Bengtson,J.E., Wang,Q., Luo,X., Marigi,E., Ghidei,W., Ahluwalia,J.S. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20150313 PMCID PMC4704681 Editors
Enhancing Quit & Win contests to improve cessation among college smokers: a randomized clinical trial	2016	Department of Medicine, Division of General Internal Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.; School of Public Health, Division of Biostatistics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.; University of Minnesota Masonic Cancer Cente	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Addiction (Abingdon, England) Periodical, Abbrev. Addiction Pub Date Free Form Feb Volume 111 Issue 2 Start Page 331 Other Pages 339 Notes LR: 20160124; CI: (c) 2015; GR: 5R01-HL094183-04S1/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/United States; GR: R01 HL094183/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/United States; JID: 9304118; NIHMS721510; OID: NLM: NIHMS721510 [Available on 02/01/17]; OID: NLM: PMC4721252 [Available on 02/01/17]; OTO Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1360-0443; 0965-2140 Accession Number PMID: 26767340 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; IM DOI 10.1111/add.13144 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 26767340 Abstract BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Quit & Win contests (in which smokers pledge to quit smoking for a defined period in exchange for the chance to win a prize) may be well-suited for college smokers. We tested the effectiveness of multiple versus single Quit & Win contests and that of added counseling versus no counseling in smoking cessation. DESIGN: A two-by-two, randomized controlled trial with 6-month follow-up. SETTING: Nineteen institutions in Minnesota, Texas, Ohio and Wisconsin. PARTICIPANTS: College student smokers (n = 1217) were randomized within site to four conditions: single (n = 306), multiple contests alone (n = 309), single contest plus counseling (n = 296) or multiple contests with counseling (n = 306). INTERVENTION: Participants in the standard contest condition (T1 and T2) were asked to abstain from all tobacco products for a 30-day period; those with confirmed abstinence were eligible for a lottery-based prize. Participants assigned to the multiple contest conditions (T3 and T4) participated in the 30-day contest and were enrolled automatically into two additional contest periods with an escalating prize structure. Participants randomized into the counseling conditions (T2 and T4) received up to six telephone-administered Motivation and Problem Solving (MAPS) counseling sessions over the 12-week treatment period. MEASURES: The primary outcome was biochemically verified 30-day point prevalence (PP) abstinence rate at 6 months. Secondary outcomes were the same abstinence at end of treatment (4 months) and a proxy measure of 6-month verified continuous abstinence rate. Outcomes were based on all participants randomized. FINDINGS: We found no evidence of an interaction between number of contests and counseling. Abstinence rates for multiple (13.5%) and single (11.7%) contests were not significantly different at 6 months [odds ratio (OR) = 1.18, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.84-1.66]. The addition of counseling did not improve 6-month abstinence significantly (13.7 versus 11.6%, OR = 1.21, 95% CI = 0.86-1.70). Multiple contests increased abstinence at 4 months (19.3 versus 10.3%, OR = 2.09, 95% CI = 1.50-2.91) and continuous abstinence at 6 months (7.8 versus 3.8%, OR = 2.14, 95% CI = 1.28-3.56). CONCLUSION: Multiple Quit & Win contests may increase smoking abstinence rates in college students more than single contests, but it is not clear whether adding counseling to these interventions produces any additional benefit. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Society for the Study of Addiction Data Source Authors Thomas,J.L., Luo,X., Bengtson,J., Wang,Q., Ghidei,W., Nyman,J., Lust,K., An,L., Wetter,D.W., Epstein,L., Ahluwalia,J.S. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20151111 PMCID PMC4721252 Editors
Assessment of the potential for international dissemination of Ebola virus via commercial air travel during the 2014 west African outbreak	2015	Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Divisions of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.; Centre for Research on Inner City Health, Li Ka S	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Lancet (London, England) Periodical, Abbrev. Lancet Pub Date Free Form 3-Jan Volume 385 Issue 9962 Start Page 29 Other Pages 35 Notes LR: 20151028; CI: Copyright (c) 2015; GR: 095066/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom; GR: 095066/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom; GR: R01 LM010812/LM/NLM NIH HHS/United States; GR: R01LM010812/LM/NLM NIH HHS/United States; GR: Canadian Institutes of Health Resear Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1474-547X; 0140-6736 Accession Number PMID: 25458732 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; AIM; IM DOI 10.1016/S0140-6736(14)61828-6 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 25458732 Abstract BACKGROUND: The WHO declared the 2014 west African Ebola epidemic a public health emergency of international concern in view of its potential for further international spread. Decision makers worldwide are in need of empirical data to inform and implement emergency response measures. Our aim was to assess the potential for Ebola virus to spread across international borders via commercial air travel and assess the relative efficiency of exit versus entry screening of travellers at commercial airports. METHODS: We analysed International Air Transport Association data for worldwide flight schedules between Sept 1, 2014, and Dec 31, 2014, and historic traveller flight itinerary data from 2013 to describe expected global population movements via commercial air travel out of Guinea, Liberia, and Sierra Leone. Coupled with Ebola virus surveillance data, we modelled the expected number of internationally exported Ebola virus infections, the potential effect of air travel restrictions, and the efficiency of airport-based traveller screening at international ports of entry and exit. We deemed individuals initiating travel from any domestic or international airport within these three countries to have possible exposure to Ebola virus. We deemed all other travellers to have no significant risk of exposure to Ebola virus. FINDINGS: Based on epidemic conditions and international flight restrictions to and from Guinea, Liberia, and Sierra Leone as of Sept 1, 2014 (reductions in passenger seats by 51% for Liberia, 66% for Guinea, and 85% for Sierra Leone), our model projects 2.8 travellers infected with Ebola virus departing the above three countries via commercial flights, on average, every month. 91,547 (64%) of all air travellers departing Guinea, Liberia, and Sierra Leone had expected destinations in low-income and lower-middle-income countries. Screening international travellers departing three airports would enable health assessments of all travellers at highest risk of exposure to Ebola virus infection. INTERPRETATION: Decision makers must carefully balance the potential harms from travel restrictions imposed on countries that have Ebola virus activity against any potential reductions in risk from Ebola virus importations. Exit screening of travellers at airports in Guinea, Liberia, and Sierra Leone would be the most efficient frontier at which to assess the health status of travellers at risk of Ebola virus exposure, however, this intervention might require international support to implement effectively. FUNDING: Canadian Institutes of Health Research. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Bogoch et al. Open Access article distributed under the terms of CC BY. Published by Elsevier Ltd Data Source Authors Bogoch,I.I., Creatore,M.I., Cetron,M.S., Brownstein,J.S., Pesik,N., Miniota,J., Tam,T., Hu,W., Nicolucci,A., Ahmed,S., Yoon,J.W., Berry,I., Hay,S.I., Anema,A., Tatem,A.J., MacFadden,D., German,M., Khan,K. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20141021 PMCID PMC4286618 Editors
Web-based smoking cessation intervention that transitions from inpatient to outpatient: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial	2012	Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy & Critical Care Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB), Birmingham, Alabama 35249-7337, USA. kharring@uab.edu	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Trials Periodical, Abbrev. Trials Pub Date Free Form 1-Aug Volume 13 Issue Start Page 123 Other Pages 6215-13-123 Notes LR: 20150224; ClinicalTrials.gov/NCT01277250; GR: 1U01DA031515/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States; GR: CA159533/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States; GR: DA031515/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States; GR: HL105218/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/United States; GR: HL105229/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1745-6215; 1745-6215 Accession Number PMID: 22852802 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; IM DOI 10.1186/1745-6215-13-123 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 22852802 Abstract BACKGROUND: E-health tools are a new mechanism to expand patient care, allowing supplemental resources to usual care, including enhanced patient-provider communication. These applications to smoking cessation have yet to be tested in a hospitalized patient sample. This project aims to evaluate the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of a tailored web-based and e-message smoking cessation program for current smokers that, upon hospital discharge, transitions the patient to continue a quit attempt when home (Decide2Quit). DESIGN: A randomized two-arm follow-up design will test the effectiveness of an evidence- and theoretically-based smoking cessation program designed for post-hospitalization. METHODS: A total of 1,488 patients aged 19 or older, who smoked cigarettes in the previous 30 days, are being recruited from 27 patient care areas of a large urban university hospital. Study-eligible hospitalized patients receiving usual tobacco cessation usual care are offered study referral. Trained hospital staff assist the 744 patients who are being randomized to the intervention arm with registration and orientation to the intervention website. This e-mail and web-based program offers tailored messages as well as education, self-assessment and planning aids, and social support to promote tobacco use cessation. Condition-blind study staff assess participants for tobacco use history and behaviors, tobacco use cost-related information, co-morbidities and psychosocial factors at 0, 3, 6, and 12 months. The primary outcome is self-reported 30-day tobacco abstinence at 6 months follow-up. Secondary outcomes include 7-day point prevalence quit rates at 3-, 6-, and 12-month follow-up, 30-day point prevalence quit rates at 3 and 12 months, biologically confirmed tobacco abstinence at 6-month follow-up, and multiple point-prevalence quit rates based on self-reported tobacco abstinence rates at each follow-up time period. Healthcare utilization and quality of life are assessed at baseline, and 6- and 12-month follow-up to measure program cost-effectiveness from the hospital, healthcare payer, patient, and societal perspectives. DISCUSSION: Given the impact of tobacco use on medical resources, establishing feasible, cost-effective methods for reducing tobacco use is imperative. Given the minimal hospital staff burden and the automated transition to a post-hospitalization tailored intervention, this program could be an easily disseminated approach. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Current Intervention Trial NCT01277250. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Harrington,K.F., McDougal,J.A., Pisu,M., Zhang,B., Sadasivam,R.S., Houston,T.K., Bailey,W.C., CHART Collaborative Group Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20120801 PMCID PMC3533743 Editors
Common household activities are associated with elevated particulate matter concentrations in bedrooms of inner-city Baltimore pre-school children	2008	Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, 1830 East Monument Street, 5th Floor, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Environmental research Periodical, Abbrev. Environ.Res. Pub Date Free Form Feb Volume 106 Issue 2 Start Page 148 Other Pages 155 Notes LR: 20140908; GR: P01 ES 09606/ES/NIEHS NIH HHS/United States; GR: P01 ES009606/ES/NIEHS NIH HHS/United States; GR: P01 ES009606-019002/ES/NIEHS NIH HHS/United States; GR: P01 ES009606-029002/ES/NIEHS NIH HHS/United States; GR: P01 ES009606-039002/ES/NIEH Place of Publication United States ISSN/ISBN 0013-9351; 0013-9351 Accession Number PMID: 17927974 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; IM DOI S0013-9351(07)00185-5 [pii] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 17927974 Abstract Asthma disproportionately affects inner-city, minority children in the U.S. Outdoor pollutant concentrations, including particulate matter (PM), are higher in inner-cities and contribute to childhood asthma morbidity. Although children spend the majority of time indoors, indoor PM exposures have been less extensively characterized. There is a public health imperative to characterize indoor sources of PM within this vulnerable population to enable effective intervention strategies. In the present study, we sought to identify determinants of indoor PM in homes of Baltimore inner-city pre-school children. Children ages 2-6 (n=300) who were predominantly African-American (90%) and from lower socioeconomic backgrounds were enrolled. Integrated PM(2.5) and PM(10) air sampling was conducted over a 3-day period in the children's bedrooms and at a central monitoring site while caregivers completed daily activity diaries. Homes of pre-school children in inner-city Baltimore had indoor PM concentrations that were twice as high as simultaneous outdoor concentrations. The mean indoor PM(2.5) and PM(10) concentrations were 39.5+/-34.5 and 56.2+/-44.8 microg/m(3), compared to the simultaneously measured ambient PM(2.5) and PM(10) (15.6+/-6.9 and 21.8+/-9.53 microg/m(3), respectively). Common modifiable household activities, especially smoking and sweeping, contributed significantly to higher indoor PM, as did ambient PM concentrations. Open windows were associated with significantly lower indoor PM. Further investigation of the health effects of indoor PM exposure is warranted, as are studies to evaluate the efficacy of PM reduction strategies on asthma health of inner-city children. Descriptors Air Pollutants/adverse effects/analysis, Air Pollution, Indoor/adverse effects/analysis, Asthma/epidemiology/etiology/prevention & control, Baltimore/epidemiology, Child, Child Welfare, Child, Preschool, Environmental Monitoring, Epidemiological Monitoring, Female, Housing, Humans, Male, Particulate Matter/adverse effects/analysis, Poverty, Tobacco Smoke Pollution/adverse effects/analysis, Urban Population Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors McCormack,M. C., Breysse,P. N., Hansel,N. N., Matsui,E. C., Tonorezos,E. S., Curtin-Brosnan,J., Williams,D. L., Buckley,T. J., Eggleston,P. A., Diette,G. B. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20071024 PMCID PMC2291550 Editors
The effect of cigarette smoking on allergic conditions in Maltese children (ISAAC)	2012	Department of Medicine, Mater Dei Hospital and University of Malta, Malta. stevemonte@waldonet.net.mt	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Pediatric allergy and immunology : official publication of the European Society of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology Periodical, Abbrev. Pediatr.Allergy Immunol. Pub Date Free Form Aug Volume 23 Issue 5 Start Page 472 Other Pages 478 Notes CI: (c) 2012; JID: 9106718; 0 (Tobacco Smoke Pollution); 2012/03/22 [aheadofprint]; ppublish Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1399-3038; 0905-6157 Accession Number PMID: 22435636 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; IM DOI 10.1111/j.1399-3038.2012.01276.x [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 22435636 Abstract Maltese children are frequently exposed to tobacco smoke through passive and personal smoking. In the phase 3 ISAAC study questionnaire, we enquired about passive smoking to the parents of 3816 (80% response rate) 5- to 8-yr-old children and about passive and personal smoking to 4139 (90% response rate) 13- to 15-yr-old participating children. Thirty-one percent of 5- to 8-yr olds were passive smokers with their father more likely to be the smoker (p Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher John Wiley & Sons A/S Data Source Authors Montefort,S., Ellul,P., Montefort,M., Caruana,S., Grech,V., Agius Muscat,H. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20120322 PMCID Editors
Prevalence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease among smokers attending primary healthcare clinics in Saudi Arabia	2011	Department of Medicine, Pulmonary Section, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. alanezi@hotmail.com	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Annals of Saudi medicine Periodical, Abbrev. Ann.Saudi Med. Pub Date Free Form Mar-Apr Volume 31 Issue 2 Start Page 129 Other Pages 133 Notes LR: 20151119; JID: 8507355; CIN: Ann Saudi Med. 2011 Jul-Aug;31(4):433-4; author reply 434. PMID: 21808122; OID: NLM: PMC3102470; ppublish Place of Publication Saudi Arabia ISSN/ISBN 0975-4466; 0256-4947 Accession Number PMID: 21403413 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; IM DOI 10.4103/0256-4947.77485 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 21403413 Abstract BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The prevalence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in Saudi Arabia is unknown. The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of COPD among smokers more than 40 years of age attending primary healthcare clinics in Saudi Arabia. SETTING AND DESIGN: A questionnaire was used in a cross-sectional collection of demographic data and other items related to diagnosis of COPD in patients visiting primary healthcare clinics. METHODS: Eligible subjects were current or ex-smokers and aged 40 years or above. Spirometry was performed according to American Thoracic Society criteria. Airflow obstruction was classified according to the 2003 update of the World Health Organization and Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease criteria. COPD was defined as a ratio less than 0.70 of post-bronchodilator-predicted forced expiratory volume in the first second to forced vital capacity (FEV1/FVC Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Al Ghobain,M., Al-Hajjaj,M.S., Wali,S.O. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID PMC3102470 Editors
Influence of smoking and snus on the prevalence and incidence of type 2 diabetes amongst men: the northern Sweden MONICA study	2004	Department of Medicine, Sunderby Hospital, Lulea, Sweden. mats.eliasson@nll.se	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Journal of internal medicine Periodical, Abbrev. J.Intern.Med. Pub Date Free Form Aug Volume 256 Issue 2 Start Page 101 Other Pages 110 Notes LR: 20061115; JID: 8904841; CIN: J Intern Med. 2005 May;257(5):481-2; author reply 483. PMID: 15836667; ppublish Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 0954-6820; 0954-6820 Accession Number PMID: 15257722 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.1111/j.1365-2796.2004.01344.x [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 15257722 Abstract OBJECTIVE: To explore the effect of smoking and smokeless tobacco, 'snus', on the risk of type 2 diabetes. DESIGN: Population-based cross-sectional and prospective follow-up study in northern Sweden. SUBJECTS: A total of 3384 men, aged 25-74 years, who participated in the MONICA study in 1986, 1990, 1994 or 1999, 1170 of whom had an oral glucose tolerance test. In 1999, 1757 men from previous cohorts returned for re-examination. Main outcome measures. We compared the prevalence of type 2 diabetes or pathological glucose tolerance (PGT) amongst tobacco users to that of nonusers at entry into the study and at follow-up, using odds ratios. RESULTS: Compared with never users, the age-adjusted risk of prevalent clinically diagnosed diabetes for ever smokers was 1.88 (CI 1.17-3.0) and for smokers 1.74 (0.94-3.2). Corresponding odds ratios for snus users were 1.34 (0.65-2.7) and 1.18 (0.48-2.9). We found no increased risk of prevalent PGT in snus users or smokers. Former smokers and snus users had an insignificantly increased risk for PGT. Compared with nonusers, the age-adjusted risk of developing clinically diagnosed diabetes during follow-up was 4.63 (1.37-16) in consistent exclusive smokers, 3.20 (1.16-8.8) in ex-smokers and no cases in consistent snus users. The risk of PGT during follow-up was not increased in consistent tobacco users but evident, although not statistically significant, in those who quit snus during the follow-up period, 1.85 (0.60-5.7). Adjustment for physical activity and alcohol consumption did not change the major findings. CONCLUSIONS: The risk of diabetes for snus users was not significantly increased. Smoking was associated with prevalent and incident cases of diabetes. Ex-tobacco users tended towards more PGT. Descriptors Adult, Aged, Cross-Sectional Studies, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/epidemiology/etiology, Follow-Up Studies, Health Surveys, Humans, Incidence, Logistic Models, Male, Middle Aged, Prevalence, Risk, Smoking/adverse effects, Sweden/epidemiology, Tobacco, Smokeless/adverse effects Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Eliasson,M., Asplund,K., Nasic,S., Rodu,B. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
The risks of scuba diving: a focus on Decompression Illness	2014	Department of Medicine, Tripler Army Medical Center, Honolulu, HI 96859.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Hawai'i journal of medicine & public health : a journal of Asia Pacific Medicine & Public Health Periodical, Abbrev. Hawaii.J.Med.Public.Health. Pub Date Free Form Nov Volume 73 Issue 11 Suppl 2 Start Page 13 Other Pages 16 Notes LR: 20151028; JID: 101579076; OID: NLM: PMC4244896; ppublish Place of Publication United States ISSN/ISBN 2165-8242; 2165-8242 Accession Number PMID: 25478296 Language eng SubFile Case Reports; Journal Article; IM DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 25478296 Abstract Decompression Illness includes both Decompression Sickness (DCS) and Pulmonary Overinflation Syndrome (POIS), subsets of diving-related injury related to scuba diving. DCS is a condition in which gas bubbles that form while diving do not have adequate time to be resorbed or "off-gassed," resulting in entrapment in specific regions of the body. POIS is due to an overly rapid ascent to the surface resulting in the rupture of alveoli and subsequent extravasation of air bubbles into tissue planes or even the cerebral circulation. Divers must always be cognizant of dive time and depth, and be trained in the management of decompression. A slow and controlled ascent, plus proper control of buoyancy can reduce the dangerous consequences of pulmonary barotrauma. The incidence of adverse effects can be diminished with safe practices, allowing for the full enjoyment of this adventurous aquatic sport. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Hall,J. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID PMC4244896 Editors
Cotinine versus questionnaire: early-life environmental tobacco smoke exposure and incident asthma	2012	Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada. carlsten@mail.ubc.ca	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full BMC pediatrics Periodical, Abbrev. BMC Pediatr. Pub Date Free Form 5-Dec Volume 12 Issue Start Page 187 Other Pages 2431-12-187 Notes LR: 20151119; GR: Canadian Institutes of Health Research/Canada; JID: 100967804; 0 (Biomarkers); 0 (Tobacco Smoke Pollution); K5161X06LL (Cotinine); OID: NLM: PMC3543177; 2012/06/01 [received]; 2012/11/28 [accepted]; 2012/12/05 [aheadofprint]; epublish Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1471-2431; 1471-2431 Accession Number PMID: 23216797 Language eng SubFile Clinical Trial; Comparative Study; Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.1186/1471-2431-12-187 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 23216797 Abstract BACKGROUND: The use of biomarkers has expanded considerably, as an alternative to questionnaire-based metrics of environmental tobacco smoke (ETS); few studies have assessed the affect of such alternative metrics on diverse respiratory outcomes in children, and we aimed to do so. METHODS: We evaluated various measures of birth-year ETS, in association with multiple respiratory endpoints early years of life, in the novel context of a birth cohort at high risk for asthma. We administered questionnaires to parents, both at the end of pregnancy and at one year of life, and measured cotinine in cord blood (CCot; in 275 children) and in urine (UCot; obtained at 12 months in 365 children), each by radioimmunoassay. Multiple logistic regression was used to assess the association of the various metrics with recurrent wheeze at age 2 and with bronchial hyperresponsiveness (BHR) and asthma at age 7. RESULTS: Self-reported 3rd trimester maternal smoking was associated with significantly increased risk for recurrent wheeze at age 2 (odds ratio 3.5 [95% confidence interval = 1.2,10.7]); the risks associated with CCot and 3rd trimester smoking in any family member were similar (OR 2.9 [1.2,7.0] and 2.6 [1.0,6.5], respectively). No metric of maternal smoking at 12 months appeared to significantly influence the risk of recurrent wheeze at age 2, and no metric of ETS at any time appeared to significantly influence risk of asthma or BHR at age 7. CONCLUSIONS: Biomarker- and questionnaire-based assessment of ETS in early life lead to similar estimates of ETS-associated risk of recurrent wheeze and asthma. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Carlsten,C., Dimich-Ward,H., DyBuncio,A., Becker,A.B., Chan-Yeung,M. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20121205 PMCID PMC3543177 Editors

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