WTS database

Title	Pub Year	Author Sort ascending	SearchLink
Hookah tobacco use and stressful life events in a sample of young non-daily cigarette smokers	2016	Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, United States. Electronic address: kbrikmanis@ucsd.edu.; Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, United States.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Addictive Behaviors Periodical, Abbrev. Addict.Behav. Pub Date Free Form 5-Aug Volume 64 Issue Start Page 1 Other Pages 5 Notes LR: 20160812; CI: Copyright (c) 2016; JID: 7603486; OTO: NOTNLM; 2016/05/19 [received]; 2016/08/01 [revised]; 2016/08/04 [accepted]; aheadofprint Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN 1873-6327; 0306-4603 Accession Number PMID: 27518219 Language ENG SubFile JOURNAL ARTICLE DOI S0306-4603(16)30273-8 [pii] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 27518219 Abstract INTRODUCTION: Understanding factors that influence hookah use among young adults is important given its increasing popularity and health risks. The purpose of this study was to examine whether young adult non-daily cigarette smokers use hookah for stress regulation. We hypothesized that greater perceived stress and greater stressful life events would predict probability and frequency of recent hookah use. METHODS: Participants (n=598, 50.7% male) were non-daily smokers aged 18-24years (M=20.5, SD=1.8), who completed a baseline assessment online or via mobile phone as part of a longitudinal study. Participants had been non-daily smokers for at least six months but had never been daily smokers. RESULTS: Thirty-one percent of participants reported using hookah over the past 14days. Full-time students were more likely to have used hookah recently. More stressful life events and more frequent alcohol use predicted likelihood and frequency of hookah use (ps Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Elsevier Ltd Data Source Authors Brikmanis,K., Doran,N. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20160805 PMCID Editors
Correlates of other tobacco use in a community sample of young adults	2015	Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, United States; VA San Diego Healthcare System, United States. Electronic address: nmdoran@ucsd.edu.; Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, United States; VA San Diego	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Addictive Behaviors Periodical, Abbrev. Addict.Behav. Pub Date Free Form Dec Volume 51 Issue Start Page 131 Other Pages 135 Notes LR: 20150904; CI: Copyright (c) 2015; GR: 1 R21 AA021822-01A1/AA/NIAAA NIH HHS/United States; GR: R01 DA037217/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States; GR: R21 AA021822/AA/NIAAA NIH HHS/United States; JID: 7603486; NIHMS710850; OID: NLM: NIHMS710850 [Available on 1 Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1873-6327; 0306-4603 Accession Number PMID: 26255638 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.1016/j.addbeh.2015.07.023 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 26255638 Abstract BACKGROUND: Young adult use of alternative nicotine and tobacco products (ANTPs) has increased dramatically since 2000. While recent studies address ANTP prevalence, relatively little is known about predictors of use. This secondary analysis examined demographic, personality, and other substance use factors as predictors of past month ANTP use. METHODS: Community participants (n=319; 51% female) completed an online survey during the initial stage of a larger study, for which all were required to have smoked cigarettes and consumed alcohol in the past month. The survey assessed demographics, impulsivity, and past-month frequency of cigarette, alcohol, and marijuana use. RESULTS: The majority (61%) of participants endorsed ANTP use in the past 30days. The odds of ANTP use were associated with Caucasian ethnicity, younger age, more frequent alcohol use, and with the sensation seeking and positive urgency components of impulsivity. CONCLUSION: These data suggest that ANTP use among young adults is a substantial problem, and that there is a need for interventions that target tobacco use generally rather than cigarette smoking only. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Elsevier Ltd Data Source Authors Doran,N., Trim,R.S. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20150726 PMCID PMC4558378 Editors
Hookah Use Predicts Cigarette Smoking Progression Among College Smokers	2015	Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, CA; Mental Health Care Line, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA; nmdoran@ucsd.edu.; San Diego State University/University of California, San Diego Joint Doctoral Program in Clinical	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco Periodical, Abbrev. Nicotine Tob.Res. Pub Date Free Form Nov Volume 17 Issue 11 Start Page 1347 Other Pages 1353 Notes CI: (c) The Author 2015; JID: 9815751; 2014/09/08 [received]; 2014/12/22 [accepted]; 2015/01/12 [aheadofprint]; ppublish Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1469-994X; 1462-2203 Accession Number PMID: 25586774 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.1093/ntr/ntu343 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 25586774 Abstract INTRODUCTION: Hookah use is increasingly common among U.S. college students, but little is known regarding the relationship between hookah and cigarette use. The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that the added nicotine exposure from hookah use may accelerate the uptake of cigarettes. METHODS: An ethnically diverse sample of college students (n = 256; 43% female) who had smoked cigarettes in the past month completed 2 in-person interviews over 6 months. This study was a secondary analysis of data collected for a longitudinal study of young adult cigarette smoking patterns. Analyses examined 6-month changes in past 30 day cigarettes smoked and number of days smoking, controlling for age, nicotine dependence, marijuana use, and the respective baseline variable for each outcome. RESULTS: Current hookah use (any use in past 30 days) was endorsed by 34% of participants at baseline, while 94% reported lifetime use. Change in past 30 day number of cigarettes (p = .043) and number of smoking days (p = .040) differed significantly between those who did or did not report recent hookah use at baseline. Hookah users reported a greater number of cigarettes smoked at the 6-month follow-up, while nonusers decreased their smoking quantity. For number of smoking days in the past 30, hookah users reported a smaller decrease than nonusers. CONCLUSIONS: Recent hookah use predicted increased cigarette smoking over 6 months in a college sample. These are the first prospective data demonstrating this relationship, indicating the value of developing strategies to prevent hookah use among college students. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher . Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco Data Source Authors Doran,N., Godfrey,K.M., Myers,M.G. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20150112 PMCID Editors
Biomarkers of secondhand smoke exposure in automobiles	2014	Department of Psychiatry, University of California, , Los Angeles, California, USA.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Tobacco control Periodical, Abbrev. Tob.Control Pub Date Free Form Jan Volume 23 Issue 1 Start Page 51 Other Pages 57 Notes LR: 20151119; GR: DA12393/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States; GR: P30 DA012393/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States; GR: R25 CA 113710/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States; GR: R25 CA113710/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States; GR: UL1 RR024131/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/United States; JID: 92 Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1468-3318; 0964-4563 Accession Number PMID: 23349229 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2012-050724 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 23349229 Abstract OBJECTIVES: The objectives of this study were: (1) to characterise the exposure of non-smokers exposed to secondhand smoke (SHS) in a vehicle using biomarkers, (2) to describe the time course of the biomarkers over 24 h, and (3) to examine the relationship between tobacco biomarkers and airborne concentrations of SHS markers. METHODS: Eight non-smokers were individually exposed to SHS in cars with fully open front windows and closed back windows over an hour from a smoker who smoked three cigarettes at 20 min intervals. The non-smokers sat in the back seat on the passenger side, while the smoker sat in the driver's seat. Plasma cotinine and urine cotinine, 3-hydroxycotinine (3HC) and 4-(methylnitrosoamino)-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol (NNAL) were compared in samples taken at baseline (BL) and several time-points after exposure. Nicotine, particulate matter (PM2.5) and carbon monoxide (CO) were measured inside and outside the vehicle and ventilation rates in the cars were measured. RESULTS: Average plasma cotinine and the molar sum of urine cotinine and 3HC (COT+3HC) increased four-fold, urine cotinine increased six-fold and urine NNAL increased approximately 27 times compared to BL biomarker levels. Plasma cotinine, urine COT+3HC and NNAL peaked at 4-8 h post-exposure while urine cotinine peaked within 4 h. Plasma cotinine was significantly correlated to PM2.5 (Spearman correlation rs=0.94) and CO (rs=0.76) but not to air nicotine. The correlations between urine biomarkers, cotinine, COT+3HC and NNAL, and air nicotine, PM2.5 and CO were moderate but non-significant (rs range = 0.31-0.60). CONCLUSIONS: Brief SHS exposure in cars resulted in substantial increases in levels of tobacco biomarkers in non-smokers. For optimal characterisation of SHS exposure, tobacco biomarkers should be measured within 4-8 h post-exposure. Additional studies are needed to better describe the relationship between tobacco biomarkers and environmental markers of SHS. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Jones,I.A., St Helen,G., Meyers,M.J., Dempsey,D.A., Havel,C., Jacob,P.,3rd, Northcross,A., Hammond,S.K., Benowitz,N.L. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20130124 PMCID PMC3670969 Editors
A population-based examination of cigarette smoking and mental illness in Black Americans	2010	Department of Psychiatry, Treatment Research Center, Langley Porter Psychiatric Institute, University of California, 401 Parnassus Avenue, Box TRC-0984, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA. norval.hickman@ucsf.edu	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco Periodical, Abbrev. Nicotine Tob.Res. Pub Date Free Form Nov Volume 12 Issue 11 Start Page 1125 Other Pages 1132 Notes LR: 20141202; GR: 5R25 CA113710/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States; GR: K23 DA018691/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States; GR: P50 DA09253/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States; GR: R01 MH083684/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/United States; GR: R01 MH083684/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/United States; JI Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1469-994X; 1462-2203 Accession Number PMID: 20855413 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.1093/ntr/ntq160 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 20855413 Abstract INTRODUCTION: This study examines the relation between tobacco use and cessation with lifetime and past year mental illness in a nationally representative sample of Blacks. METHODS: This cross-sectional study analyzed nationally representative data from 3,411 adult Blacks participating in the 2001-2003 National Survey of American Life. Smoking prevalence and quit rates according to lifetime and past year Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition mental disorders were assessed by a modified version of the Composite International Diagnostic Interview. RESULTS: Compared with those without mental illness, respondents with a lifetime, past year, or past month mental illness had a higher smoking prevalence (20.6%, 35.6%, 36.0%, and 45.4%, respectively) and lower quit rate (40.5%, 31.2%, and 26.2%, respectively). The odds of being a current smoker among Blacks with mental illness in their lifetime, past year, and past month, after adjusting for age, gender, education, poverty, and marital status were 1.76 (95% CI = 1.39-2.22), 1.57 (95% CI = 1.22-2.03), and 2.20 (95% CI = 1.56-3.12), respectively. Mental illness also was associated with heavier smoking. Blacks with past year mental illness represented 18.1% of the sample, yet consumed 23.9% of cigarettes smoked by Black smokers. Past year (odds ratio [OR] = 0.72, 95% CI = 0.53-0.97) and past month (OR = 0.54, 95% CI = 0.29-0.98) mental illness were associated with a lower odds of quitting for at least 1 year. CONCLUSIONS: Findings indicate that mental illness is significantly associated with tobacco use in Blacks. Tobacco cessation interventions that address mental illness as a barrier to cessation are needed. Descriptors Adult, African Americans/psychology/statistics & numerical data, Aged, Attitude to Health/ethnology, Comorbidity, Confidence Intervals, Cross-Sectional Studies, Female, Humans, Male, Mental Disorders/ethnology/prevention & control, Middle Aged, Odds Ratio, Population Surveillance, Risk Factors, Smoking/ethnology/prevention & control, Smoking Cessation/statistics & numerical data, Socioeconomic Factors, Tobacco Use Disorder/ethnology/prevention & control, United States/epidemiology, Young Adult Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Hickman,N. J.,3rd, Delucchi,K. L., Prochaska,J. J. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20100920 PMCID PMC2964922 Editors
Use and abuse of licit and illicit substances: prevalence and risk factors among students in Lebanon	2000	Department of Psychiatry, St. George Hospital, Beirut, Lebanon. egkaram@dm.net.lb	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full European addiction research Periodical, Abbrev. Eur.Addict.Res. Pub Date Free Form Dec Volume 6 Issue 4 Start Page 189 Other Pages 197 Notes LR: 20041117; JID: 9502920; 0 (Street Drugs); ppublish Place of Publication Switzerland ISSN/ISBN 1022-6877; 1022-6877 Accession Number PMID: 11124572 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; IM DOI 52045 [pii] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 11124572 Abstract OBJECTIVE: This study aims at examining the patterns of 'substance' use in Lebanon among an 'at risk' population, the university students. METHOD: A stratified cluster sample of 1,851 students from two major universities was included in the study and the Diagnostic Interview Schedule (version 3) was administered. RESULTS: The prevalence of nicotine users in the sample was 18.3% and of ever consuming alcohol 49.4%. 2.1% of the sample were alcohol abusers and 2.4% alcohol dependents according to DSM-III criteria. For the remaining substances, tranquilizers were found to have the highest rate of ever use (10.2%), whereas heroin had the lowest rate (0.4%); the rates of abuse and dependence in these categories (other than alcohol and nicotine) following DSM-III criteria ranged from 0.1 to 0.8%. CONCLUSION: University students in Lebanon in this study have relatively low rates of use and abuse of substances but this might be changing. Descriptors Adolescent, Adult, Alcohol Drinking/epidemiology, Alcoholism/epidemiology, Cross-Sectional Studies, Female, Humans, Incidence, Lebanon/epidemiology, Male, Risk Factors, Smoking/epidemiology, Street Drugs, Students/statistics & numerical data, Substance-Related Disorders/epidemiology Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Karam,E., Melhem,N., Mansour,C., Maalouf,W., Saliba,S., Chami,A. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
An online survey of tobacco use, intentions to quit, and cessation strategies among people living with bipolar disorder	2011	Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of California-San Francisco, 401 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA 94143-0984, USA. jprochaska@ucsf.edu	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Bipolar disorders Periodical, Abbrev. Bipolar Disord. Pub Date Free Form Aug-Sep Volume 13 Issue 6-May Start Page 466 Other Pages 473 Notes LR: 20150129; CI: (c) 2011; GR: K23 DA018691/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States; GR: K23 DA018691/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States; GR: K23 DA018691-05/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States; GR: P50 DA009253/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States; GR: P50 DA009253-10/DA/NIDA NIH Place of Publication Denmark ISSN/ISBN 1399-5618; 1398-5647 Accession Number PMID: 22017216 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.1111/j.1399-5618.2011.00944.x [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 22017216 Abstract OBJECTIVES: Tobacco use is prevalent among people living with bipolar disorder. We examined tobacco use, attempts to quit, and tobacco-related attitudes and intentions among 685 individuals with bipolar disorder who smoked >/= 100 cigarettes in their lifetime. METHODS: Data were collected online through the website of the Depression and Bipolar Support Alliance, a mood disorder peer-support network. RESULTS: The sample was 67% female, 67% aged 26 to 50, and 89% Caucasian; 87% were current smokers; 92% of current smokers smoked daily, averaging 19 cigarettes/day (SD=11). The sample began smoking at a mean age of 17 years (SD=6) and smoked a median of 7 years prior to bipolar disorder diagnosis. Among current smokers, 74% expressed a desire to quit; intent to quit smoking was unrelated to current mental health symptoms [chi(2) (3)=5.50, p=0.139]. Only 33% were advised to quit smoking by a mental health provider, 48% reported smoking to treat their mental illness, and 96% believed being mentally healthy was important for quitting. Ex-smokers (13% of sample) had not smoked for a median of 2.7 years; 48% quit 'cold turkey.' Most ex-smokers (64%) were in poor or fair mental health when they quit smoking. At the time of the survey, however, more ex-smokers described their mental health as in recovery than current smokers [57% versus 40%; chi(2) (3)=11.12, p=0.011]. CONCLUSIONS: Most smokers living with bipolar disorder are interested in quitting. The Internet may be a useful cessation tool for recruiting and potentially treating smokers with bipolar disorder who face special challenges when trying to quit and rarely receive cessation treatment from their mental health providers. Descriptors Adult, Attitude, Bipolar Disorder/epidemiology/psychology, Chi-Square Distribution, Female, Health Behavior, Health Surveys, Humans, Intention, Male, Middle Aged, Online Systems, Smoking Cessation/psychology/statistics & numerical data, Tobacco Use Disorder/epidemiology/psychology Links Book Title Database Publisher John Wiley and Sons A/S Data Source Authors Prochaska,J. J., Reyes,R. S., Schroeder,S. A., Daniels,A. S., Doederlein,A., Bergeson,B. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID PMC3341941 Editors
The association between changes in alternative reinforcers and short-term smoking cessation	2014	Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3535 Market Street, Suite 4100, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States. Electronic address: goelzp@mail.med.upenn.edu.; Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Drug and alcohol dependence Periodical, Abbrev. Drug Alcohol Depend. Pub Date Free Form 1-May Volume 138 Issue Start Page 67 Other Pages 74 Notes LR: 20150515; CI: Copyright (c) 2014; GR: DA025078/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States; GR: DA033681/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States; GR: P30 CA016520/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States; GR: P50 CA143187/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States; GR: P50CA143187/CA/NCI NIH HHS/Unit Place of Publication Ireland ISSN/ISBN 1879-0046; 0376-8716 Accession Number PMID: 24598122 Language eng SubFile Clinical Trial; Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; IM DOI 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2014.02.007 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 24598122 Abstract BACKGROUND: While more than 50% of smokers make a serious quit attempt each year, less than 10% quit permanently. Evidence from studies of adolescent smoking and other substances of abuse suggest that alternative reinforcers, a construct of Behavioral Economic Theory, may contribute to the likelihood of smoking cessation in adults. This study examined the behavioral economics of smoking cessation within a smoking cessation clinical trial and evaluated how depressive symptoms and behavioral economic variables are associated with smoking cessation. METHODS: A sample of 469 smokers, enrolled in an effectiveness trial that provided counseling and 8 weeks of 21 mg nicotine patches, was analyzed. Alternative reinforcers (substitute and complementary reinforcers) and depressive symptoms were examined in relation to 7-day point prevalence abstinence, verified with breath carbon monoxide, 8 weeks after the quit date. RESULTS: Controlling for covariates associated with cessation (nicotine dependence, age of smoking initiation, patch adherence), participants who were abstinent at week 8 showed significantly higher substitute reinforcers at all time-points, compared to those who were smoking (p's<.05 participants="" who="" were="" abstinent="" at="" week="" showed="" lower="" complementary="" reinforcers="" and="" depressive="" symptoms="" all="" time-points="" compared="" to="" those="" smoking="" but="" significant="" differences="" confined="" there="" was="" no="" interaction="" between="" alternative="" across="" the="" weeks="" on="" abstinence.="" conclusions:="" these="" results="" support="" continued="" examination="" of="" behavioral="" economic="" theory="" in="" understanding="" adult="" cessation="" order="" inform="" future="" treatments="" guidelines.=""> Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Elsevier Ireland Ltd Data Source Authors Goelz,P.M., Audrain-McGovern,J.E., Hitsman,B., Leone,F.T., Veluz-Wilkins,A., Jepson,C., Wileyto,E.P., D'Avanzo,P.A., Rivera,J.G., Schnoll,R.A. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20140215 PMCID PMC4030632 Editors
A pilot randomized study of smokeless tobacco use among smokers not interested in quitting: changes in smoking behavior and readiness to quit	2010	Department of Psychiatry, Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, 86 Jonathan Lucas Street, P.O. Box 250955, Charleston, SC 29425, USA. carpente@musc.edu	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco Periodical, Abbrev. Nicotine Tob.Res. Pub Date Free Form Feb Volume 12 Issue 2 Start Page 136 Other Pages 143 Notes LR: 20151119; GR: K12 DA000357/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States; GR: K12 DA000357/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States; GR: K23 DA020482/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States; GR: UL1 RR029882/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/United States; JID: 9815751; 6M3C89ZY6R (Nicotine); OID: NLM: PM Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1469-994X; 1462-2203 Accession Number PMID: 20053788 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; IM DOI 10.1093/ntr/ntp186 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 20053788 Abstract INTRODUCTION: Several prior studies suggest that smokeless tobacco use results in less carcinogenic risk than does cigarette smoking. Whether smokers will use smokeless tobacco is unclear, as is the impact of such use on long-term smoking behavior and cessation. It is equally plausible that smokeless tobacco use among smokers could either (a) increase total tobacco exposure and undermine motivation to quit or (b) decrease overall tobacco exposure, motivate smokers to quit, and enhance cessation. Either outcome is of major public health significance. METHODS: In this small (N = 31), short-term (2 week) pilot study, smokers uninterested in quitting were randomized to (a) receive Ariva or Stonewall (both spitless and smokeless tobacco lozenges) or (b) continue smoking conventional cigarettes. RESULTS: Ariva/Stonewall use led to a significant reduction (40%, 95% CI: 24%-55%) in cigarettes per day, no significant increases in total tobacco use (cigarettes + Ariva/Stonewall; p > .05), and significant increases in two measures of readiness to quit, either in the next month (p < .001) or within the next 6 months (p = .04), as well as significant increases in self-efficacy to quit smoking (p < .001). No such changes were found among smokers maintained on conventional cigarettes. DISCUSSION: These results suggest no deleterious effect on short-term smoking and quitting behavior among smokers who use smokeless tobacco. More broadly, this study suggests a strong need for a large prospective randomized clinical trial to more accurately assess the long-term viability of smokeless tobacco use as a method for cessation induction among unmotivated smokers. Descriptors Adult, Behavior, Addictive/drug therapy/prevention & control, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, Female, Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Nicotine/administration & dosage, Pilot Projects, Self Efficacy, Smoking/drug therapy, Smoking Cessation/methods, Substance Withdrawal Syndrome/prevention & control, Tobacco Use Disorder/drug therapy, Tobacco, Smokeless Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Carpenter,M. J., Gray,K. M. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20100106 PMCID PMC2816197 Editors
Predictors of quit attempts and successful quit attempts in a nationally representative sample of smokers	2013	Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York State Psychiatric Institute, 1051 Riverside Drive, New York, NY 10032, USA. raffulc@nyspi.columbia.edu	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Addictive Behaviors Periodical, Abbrev. Addict.Behav. Pub Date Free Form Apr Volume 38 Issue 4 Start Page 1920 Other Pages 1923 Notes LR: 20150219; CI: Copyright (c) 2013; GR: CA0133050/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States; GR: DA019606/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States; GR: DA023200/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States; GR: DA023973/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States; GR: K02 DA023200/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United S Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1873-6327; 0306-4603 Accession Number PMID: 23380497 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.1016/j.addbeh.2012.12.019 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 23380497 Abstract Although most current smokers report that they would like to quit, most quit attempts fail suggesting that predictors of quitting attempts may differ from those of successful attempts. We examined sociodemographic and clinical predictors of quit attempts and successful quit attempts in a nationally representative sample of US adults. Data was collected in 2001-2002 (Wave 1) and 2004-2005 (Wave 2). Almost 40% of individuals who had not previously attempted to quit, tried to quit over the next three years; only 4.6% of those who tried had succeeded at the time of the evaluation. Hispanics, Asians, individuals with high income, and those with college education were less likely to attempt to quit, whereas those with daily nicotine use, younger age at first use and most symptoms of dependence were more likely to do so. Having an educational level below high school and older age at first nicotine use were predictors of successful quitting. Despite relatively high rates of quit attempts, rates of success are extremely low, indicating a gap between the public health need of decreasing tobacco use, and existing means to achieve it. Although there is a need to encourage people to quit tobacco, there may be an equally large need to develop more effective interventions that increase the rate of successful quit attempts. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Elsevier Ltd Data Source Authors Rafful,C., Garcia-Rodriguez,O., Wang,S., Secades-Villa,R., Martinez-Ortega,J.M., Blanco,C. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20130104 PMCID PMC3578080 Editors

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