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WTS Database
The subject of interest is:
waterpipe, water-pipe, nargile, narghile, arguileh, arguile, shisha, sheesha, chichi, hubble bubble, hubbly bubbly, goza, hookah, bong
| Title | Pub Year | Author Sort descending | SearchLink |
|---|---|---|---|
| Susceptibility of Cryptococcus neoformans biofilms to antifungal agents in vitro | 2006 | Department of Medicine and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Ave., Bronx, New York 10461, USA. | Read more... |
|
Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy
Periodical, Abbrev.
Antimicrob.Agents Chemother.
Pub Date Free Form
Mar
Volume
50
Issue
3
Start Page
1021
Other Pages
1033
Notes
LR: 20141120; GR: AI033142-11/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/United States; GR: AI033774-11/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/United States; GR: HL059842-08/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/United States; JID: 0315061; 0 (Antifungal Agents); 0 (Echinocandins); 0 (Formazans); 0 (Melanins); 0 (Peptides,
Place of Publication
United States
ISSN/ISBN
0066-4804; 0066-4804
Accession Number
PMID: 16495265
Language
eng
SubFile
Comparative Study; Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; IM
DOI
50/3/1021 [pii]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
16495265
Abstract
Microbial biofilms contribute to virulence and resistance to antibiotics by shielding microbial cells from host defenses and antimicrobial drugs, respectively. Cryptococcus neoformans was demonstrated to form biofilms in polystyrene microtiter plates. The numbers of CFU of disaggregated biofilms, 2,3-bis(2-methoxy-4-nitro-5-sulfophenyl)-5-[(phenylamino)carbonyl]-2H-tetrazolium hydroxide reduction, and light and confocal microscopy were used to measure the fungal mass, the metabolic activity, and the appearance of C. neoformans biofilms, respectively. Biofilm development by C. neoformans followed a standard sequence of events: fungal surface attachment, microcolony formation, and matrix production. The susceptibilities of C. neoformans cells of the biofilm and planktonic phenotypes to four antifungal agents were examined. The exposure of C. neoformans cells or preformed cryptococcal biofilms to fluconazole or voriconazole did not result in yeast growth inhibition and did not affect the metabolic activities of the biofilms, respectively. In contrast, both C. neoformans cells and preformed biofilms were susceptible to amphotericin B and caspofungin. However, C. neoformans biofilms were significantly more resistant to amphotericin B and caspofungin than planktonic cells, and their susceptibilities to these drugs were further reduced if cryptococcal cells contained melanin. A spot enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and light and confocal microscopy were used to investigate how antifungal drugs affected C. neoformans biofilm formation. The mechanism by which amphotericin B and caspofungin interfered with C. neoformans biofilm formation involved capsular polysaccharide release and adherence. Our results suggest that biofilm formation may diminish the efficacies of some antifungal drugs during cryptococcal infection.
Descriptors
Amphotericin B/metabolism/pharmacology, Antifungal Agents/metabolism/pharmacology, Biofilms/drug effects, Biomass, Cryptococcus neoformans/cytology/drug effects/metabolism, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, Echinocandins, Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay, Fluconazole/metabolism/pharmacology, Formazans/analysis, Melanins/metabolism, Microbial Sensitivity Tests, Microscopy, Confocal, Peptides, Cyclic/metabolism/pharmacology, Plankton/cytology/drug effects/metabolism, Pyrimidines/metabolism/pharmacology, Triazoles/metabolism/pharmacology, Voriconazole
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
Data Source
Authors
Martinez,L. R., Casadevall,A.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
PMCID
PMC1426450
Editors
|
|||
| Biofilm formation by and antifungal susceptibility of Candida isolates from urine | 2007 | Department of Medicine and Microbiology and Immunology, Ullmann 1223, 1300 Morris Park Ave., Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA. | Read more... |
|
Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Applied and Environmental Microbiology
Periodical, Abbrev.
Appl.Environ.Microbiol.
Pub Date Free Form
Mar
Volume
73
Issue
6
Start Page
1697
Other Pages
1703
Notes
LR: 20140910; GR: D43TW001403/TW/FIC NIH HHS/United States; GR: R0-1 AI59681/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/United States; GR: R01 AI059681/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/United States; GR: R01 AI059681-05/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/United States; JID: 7605801; 0 (Antifungal Agents); 0 (Cultu
Place of Publication
United States
ISSN/ISBN
0099-2240; 0099-2240
Accession Number
PMID: 17261524
Language
eng
SubFile
Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM
DOI
AEM.02439-06 [pii]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
17261524
Abstract
Biofilm formation (BF) in the setting of candiduria has not been well studied. We determined BF and MIC to antifungals in Candida spp. isolates grown from urine samples of patients and performed a retrospective chart review to examine the correlation with risk factors. A total of 67 Candida spp. isolates were grown from urine samples from 55 patients. The species distribution was C. albicans (54%), C. glabrata (36%), and C. tropicalis (10%). BF varied greatly among individual Candida isolates but was stable in sequential isolates during chronic infection. BF also depended on the growth medium and especially in C. albicans was significantly enhanced in artificial urine (AU) compared to RPMI medium. In nine of the C. albicans strains BF was 4- to 10-fold higher in AU, whereas in three of the C. albicans strains and two of the C. glabrata strains higher BF was measured in RPMI medium than in AU. Determination of the MICs showed that planktonic cells of all strains were susceptible to amphotericin B (AMB) and caspofungin (CASPO) and that three of the C. glabrata strains and two of the C. albicans strains were resistant to fluconazole (FLU). In contrast, all biofilm-associated adherent cells were resistant to CASPO and FLU. The biofilms of 14 strains (28%) were sensitive to AMB (MIC(50) of <1 mug/ml). Correlation between degree of BF and MIC of AMB was not seen in RPMI grown biofilms but was present when grown in AU. A retrospective chart review demonstrated no correlation of known risk factors of candiduria with BF in AU or RPMI. We conclude that BF is a stable characteristic of Candida strains that varies greatly among clinical strains and is dependent on the growth medium. Resistance to AMB is associated with higher BF in AU, which may represent the more physiologic medium to test BF. Future studies should address whether in vitro BF can predict treatment failure in vivo.
Descriptors
Antifungal Agents/pharmacology, Biofilms/drug effects/growth & development, Candida/classification/drug effects/isolation & purification/physiology, Culture Media, Drug Resistance, Fungal, Female, Humans, Male, Microbial Sensitivity Tests/methods, Urinary Tract Infections/microbiology, Urine/microbiology
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
Data Source
Authors
Jain,N., Kohli,R., Cook,E., Gialanella,P., Chang,T., Fries,B. C.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
20070119
PMCID
PMC1828833
Editors
|
|||
| Legionella contamination of hospital water supplies: monitoring of private healthcare facilities in Bologna, Italy | 2002 | Department of Medicine and Public Health, University of Bologna, Italy. | Read more... |
|
Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
The Journal of hospital infection
Periodical, Abbrev.
J.Hosp.Infect.
Pub Date Free Form
Mar
Volume
50
Issue
3
Start Page
220
Other Pages
223
Notes
LR: 20081121; CI: Copyright 2002; JID: 8007166; ppublish
Place of Publication
England
ISSN/ISBN
0195-6701; 0195-6701
Accession Number
PMID: 11886199
Language
eng
SubFile
Journal Article; IM
DOI
10.1053/jhin.2002.1180 [doi]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
11886199
Abstract
The hot water supplies of 11 private healthcare facilities in the city of Bologna, Italy, were monitored for the presence of Legionella spp. Four samplings were made in each establishment over a period of one year and in total 121 samples were collected from distribution points situated near the water-boiler and inside the wards (taps and showers). Legionellae were recovered from all the water supplies in question: Legionella spp. in 86.8% of samples, L. pneumophila in 82.6% of samples. L. pneumophila was found in all the water supplies at levels averaging above 10(4)cfu/L in five health facilities and reaching a maximum concentration of 10(7)cfu/L. The only parameter to have affected the presence of legionellae was the water temperature, which was seen to be inversely correlated to the concentration of Legionella spp. Despite the high levels of contamination from L. pneumophila, no cases of nosocomial Legionnaires' disease were reported during the period of the study.
Descriptors
Cross Infection/epidemiology, Hospitals, Private, Hot Temperature, Humans, Italy, Legionella/isolation & purification, Legionnaires' Disease/epidemiology, Water Microbiology, Water Supply
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
The Hospital Infection Society
Data Source
Authors
Legnani,P. P., Leoni,E., Corradini,N.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
PMCID
Editors
|
|||
| Prevalence of Legionella spp. in swimming pool environment | 2001 | Department of Medicine and Public Health, University of Bologna, Italy. eleoni@alma.unibo.it | Read more... |
|
Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Water research
Periodical, Abbrev.
Water Res.
Pub Date Free Form
Oct
Volume
35
Issue
15
Start Page
3749
Other Pages
3753
Notes
JID: 0105072; ppublish
Place of Publication
England
ISSN/ISBN
0043-1354; 0043-1354
Accession Number
PMID: 11561639
Language
eng
SubFile
Journal Article; IM
DOI
S0043-1354(01)00075-6 [pii]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
11561639
Abstract
A study was carried out to evaluate the prevalence of bacteria of the Legionella genus in the water from the pools and showers of 12 swimming pools in the city of Bologna (Italy). Sampling took place four times for every establishment, once for each season of the year. Legionella spp. were found in 2 of the 48 pool water samples (L. micdadei and L. bozenanii) and in 27 of the 48 samples taken from the hot water of the showers: 19 were positive for L. pneumophila (10-19,250 cfu/l) and 18 for other species (20-6000 cfu/l). The contamination was seen to be consistent throughout the year, since the same species of legionellae were isolated at different samplings and in concentrations that did not reveal any seasonal trend. The legionellae and the Gram negative bacteria were not found in shower water with a temperature above 43 degrees C. However, in the samples of shower water with a lower temperature a statistically significant inverse correlation was seen between legionellae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (r = -0.51; p<0.01) as well as between legionellae and Gram negative bacteria (r = -0.70; p<0.01). The potential risk of contracting infections from Legionella spp. in the swimming pool environment does not seem to be linked to the pool water, but to that of the showers. The water temperature of showers should therefore be maintained at a level high enough to prevent the reproduction of these bacteria.
Descriptors
Environmental Monitoring, Legionella, Population Dynamics, Prevalence, Seasons, Swimming Pools, Temperature, Water Microbiology, Water Supply
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
Data Source
Authors
Leoni,E., Legnani,P. P., Bucci Sabattini,M. A., Righi,F.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
PMCID
Editors
|
|||
| Prevalence and characteristics of cigarette smokers among undergraduates of the University of Ilorin, Nigeria | 2011 | Department of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria. drdemola@yahoo.com | Read more... |
|
Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Nigerian journal of clinical practice
Periodical, Abbrev.
Niger.J.Clin.Pract.
Pub Date Free Form
Apr-Jun
Volume
14
Issue
2
Start Page
201
Other Pages
205
Notes
LR: 20151119; JID: 101150032; ppublish
Place of Publication
India
ISSN/ISBN
1119-3077
Accession Number
PMID: 21860140
Language
eng
SubFile
Journal Article; IM
DOI
10.4103/1119-3077.84016 [doi]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
21860140
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Smoking control is urgently needed to prevent the epidemic of tobacco-related diseases and deaths in developing countries. This requires data on smoking, especially among vulnerable groups like students. We have surveyed cigarette smoking among undergraduates of the University of Ilorin, in the North Central region of Nigeria. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This was a questionnaire-based survey among undergraduates of the University of Ilorin. A total of 1800 students were selected by multistage random sampling. RESULTS: A total of 1754 students (234 medical and 1520 non-medical students) completed the questionnaires. They were 1148 (65.5%) males and 606 (34.5%) females with a mean age of 21.6 +/- 3.1 years. The prevalence rate of current smoking was 5.7% (males 7.7%, females 2.0%) and of ever smoking was 17.1% (males 22.9%, females 6.2%). Smoking was more common in non-medical students. Eighty-three (83.8%) of the smokers had already started smoking by their eighteenth birthday. Fifty-one (51.5%) of them smoked = 5 sticks of cigarettes daily. Most of them were influenced into smoking by peer pressure and commercial advertisements. Sixty-seven (67.6%) of them believed that smoking could never have a negative impact on their health status and quality of life and just 39 (39.4%) smokers were willing to quit. CONCLUSIONS: Despite the low prevalence rate of smoking in the studied population, a majority of them were not willing to quit because of a low perception of the negative effects of smoking on their health and quality of life. Comprehensive antismoking campaigns were urgently needed to control cigarette smoking among University undergraduates in Nigeria.
Descriptors
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
Data Source
Authors
Fawibe,A.E., Shittu,A.O.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
PMCID
Editors
|
|||
| Effects of sheesha and cigarette smoking on pulmonary function of Saudi males and females | 1988 | Department of Medicine, College of Medicine and Allied Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah | Read more... |
|
Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Tropical and geographical medicine
Periodical, Abbrev.
Trop.Geogr.Med.
Pub Date Free Form
1988/
Volume
40
Issue
2
Start Page
115
Other Pages
123
Notes
Place of Publication
ISSN/ISBN
0041-3232
Accession Number
Language
SubFile
DOI
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
Abstract
Descriptors
age, smoking, female, human, lung function, major clinical study, male, obstructive airway disease, risk factor, Saudi Arabia, sex difference
Links
Book Title
Database
Embase; MEDLINE
Publisher
Data Source
Embase
Authors
Al-Fayez,S. F., Ardawi,M. S. M., Zahran,F. M.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
PMCID
Editors
|
|||
| Prevalence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in Saudi Arabia | 2014 | Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University Hospital, Jeddah 21589, PO Box 80215, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Tel. +966 (12) 6408258. Fax. +966 (12) 6408315. E-mail: sowali@kau.edu.sa. | Read more... |
|
Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Saudi medical journal
Periodical, Abbrev.
Saudi Med.J.
Pub Date Free Form
Jul
Volume
35
Issue
7
Start Page
684
Other Pages
690
Notes
JID: 7909441; ppublish
Place of Publication
Saudi Arabia
ISSN/ISBN
0379-5284; 0379-5284
Accession Number
PMID: 25028224
Language
eng
SubFile
Journal Article; IM
DOI
0 [pii]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
25028224
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To assess the prevalence of epidemiologically defined chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in Saudi Arabia. METHODS: This cross-sectional, observational, population-based survey of COPD was conducted between June 2010 and December 2011 across the country of Saudi Arabia. A total of 56,000 randomly selected telephone numbers were called, which identified 10,001 eligible subjects; of whom 9,779 agreed to participate. A screening questionnaire included 6 questions related to cigarette consumption and water-pipe use was administered to each participant. Subjects with positive screening results were invited to provide input for a detailed COPD questionnaire. RESULTS: The adjusted proportion of subjects who reported a current, or past smoking history was 27.9%. Gender specific smoking rates adjusted by age were 38.7% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 37.5-39.9%) in men, and 7.4% (95% CI: 6.5-8.3%) in women. The epidemiological definition of symptomatic COPD was met by a total of 249 subjects. The age and gender-adjusted prevalence of COPD was 2.4% (95% CI: 2.1-2.7%). Overall, COPD was more frequently documented (p
Descriptors
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
Data Source
Authors
Wali,S.O., Idrees,M.M., Alamoudi,O.S., Aboulfarag,A.M., Salem,A.D., Aljohaney,A.A., Soliman,M.H., Abdelaziz,M.M.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
PMCID
Editors
|
|||
| Smoking habits, awareness of risks, and attitude towards tobacco control policies among medical students in Lagos, Nigeria | 2015 | Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria. | Read more... |
|
Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Annals of African medicine
Periodical, Abbrev.
Ann.Afr.Med.
Pub Date Free Form
Jan-Mar
Volume
14
Issue
1
Start Page
1
Other Pages
7
Notes
LR: 20151119; JID: 101231417; ppublish
Place of Publication
India
ISSN/ISBN
0975-5764; 0975-5764
Accession Number
PMID: 25567689
Language
eng
SubFile
Journal Article; IM
DOI
10.4103/1596-3519.148701 [doi]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
25567689
Abstract
BACKGROUND: This study aimed to assess the prevalence of cigarette smoking among medical students, and to determine their level of knowledge regarding risk associated with cigarette smoking and their attitude and behavior towards tobacco control strategies and policies. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A stratified random sampling approach was used to select participants. A modified version of the the Global Health Professional Students Survey questionnaire was self-administered. Descriptive statistics were applied and comparisons were done using chi-square test. Multivariate logistic regression was used to obtain the significant determinants of smoking. A P 21, having a smoking father, and use of alcohol were significantly associated with ever smoking. Knowledge of smoking as a risk for emphysema was 72.8%, coronary artery disease 82.8%, stroke 68.8%, and low birth weight 76.4%. There were 103 (41.2%) students aware of antidepressant usage in smoking cessation. One hundred and ninety-five (78%) offered smoking cessation advice if a smoker had no smoking-related disease and did not seek their opinion about smoking, 68.8% affirmed to having adequate knowledge on smoking cessation, and 56.8% had received formal training on smoking cessation techniques. The ban on cigarette smoking in enclosed public places was supported by 92.4%. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of current cigarette smoking among medical students in Lagos is relatively low. Gaps exist in the level of knowledge of the students regarding risks of cigarette smoking, tobacco cessation strategies, and in their attitude and behavior towards offering tobacco cessation advice. There is need therefore to include formal training on tobacco control strategies at an early stage in the medical curriculum.
Descriptors
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
Data Source
Authors
Dania,M.G., Ozoh,O.B., Bandele,E.O.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
PMCID
Editors
|
|||
| Differences in ERK activation in squamous mucosa in patients who have gastroesophageal reflux disease with and without Barrett's esophagus | 2005 | Department of Medicine, Dallas VA Medical Center, University of Texas-Southwestern Medical School, Dallas, Texas, USA. | Read more... |
|
Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
The American Journal of Gastroenterology
Periodical, Abbrev.
Am.J.Gastroenterol.
Pub Date Free Form
Mar
Volume
100
Issue
3
Start Page
551
Other Pages
559
Notes
LR: 20150923; GR: DK63621/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/United States; GR: HL61897/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/United States; GR: HL67256/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/United States; GR: R01 DK063621/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/United States; GR: R01 HL061897/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/United States; GR: R01 HL0
Place of Publication
United States
ISSN/ISBN
0002-9270; 0002-9270
Accession Number
PMID: 15743351
Language
eng
SubFile
Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.; IM
DOI
AJG41122 [pii]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
15743351
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: In some patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), the reflux-damaged esophageal squamous epithelium heals through the process of intestinal metaplasia (resulting in Barrett's esophagus) rather than through the regeneration of more squamous cells. We hypothesized that squamous epithelium in Barrett's esophagus might have abnormalities in activation of the extracellular-regulated kinases 1 and 2 (ERK1/2) signaling pathway that may facilitate esophageal repair through metaplasia in response to acid-induced injury. METHODS: Endoscopic biopsies were taken from distal esophageal squamous mucosa in patients who had GERD with and without Barrett's esophagus and in controls, before and after esophageal perfusion with 0.1 N HCl acid. Basal ERK1/2 phosphorylation, acid-induced ERK1/2 activity and phosphorylation, and localization of phosphorylated ERK1/2 were determined using immunoblotting, Western blotting, and immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: Compared to patients with Barrett's esophagus, patients with GERD exhibited significantly lower baseline levels of phosphorylated ERK1/2 expression (35 +/- 4%vs 90 +/- 21% control, p= 0.01) Acid exposure significantly increased ERK1/2 activity (346.6 +/- 51.90 to 446.8 +/- 62.44 RIU, p= 0.02) and phosphorylation (3.55 +/- 1.26 to 4.49 +/- 1.25 [ratio phospho/total ERK], p= 0.01) in the squamous mucosa of GERD patients, but not in those with Barrett's esophagus or in controls. CONCLUSIONS: Between patients with Barrett's esophagus and patients with uncomplicated GERD, there are significant differences in baseline levels and in acid-induced activation of ERK1/2 in esophageal squamous epithelium. To our knowledge, this is the first description of a molecular, phenotypic feature that distinguishes the esophageal squamous mucosa of GERD patients with and without Barrett's esophagus.
Descriptors
Adult, Aged, Barrett Esophagus/complications/enzymology, Biopsy, Blotting, Western, Enzyme Activation, Female, Gastroesophageal Reflux/enzymology, Humans, Immunoblotting, Immunohistochemistry, Male, Metaplasia, Middle Aged, Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1/metabolism, Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3/metabolism, Mucous Membrane/enzymology, Phosphorylation, Signal Transduction/physiology, Tissue Distribution
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
Data Source
Authors
Souza,R. F., Shewmake,K. L., Shen,Y., Ramirez,R. D., Bullock,J. S., Hladik,C. L., Lee,E. L., Terada,L. S., Spechler,S. J.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
PMCID
Editors
|
|||
| Spontaneous pneumomediastinum as a consequence of cocaine use | 1984 | Department of Medicine, Division of Ambulatory and Consultative Medicine, Lenox Hill Hospital, New York, NY 10021 | Read more... |
|
Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
New York state journal of medicine
Periodical, Abbrev.
NEW YORK STATE J.MED.
Pub Date Free Form
1984/
Volume
84
Issue
12
Start Page
618
Other Pages
169
Notes
Place of Publication
ISSN/ISBN
0028-7628
Accession Number
Language
SubFile
DOI
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
Abstract
Cocaine base may be 'freed' from its hydrochloride salt by treating the cocaine with a basic solution and filtering the precipitate. The cocaine base is usually smoked in water pipes designed for this purpose. The smoke is inhaled deeply and for as prolonged a time as possible often accompanied by Valsalva's maneuver. Spontaneous pneumomediastinum has been reported in association with both marijuana7 and cocaine8 smoking. Other medical problems related to cocaine smoking include burns and a diminution in carbon dioxide diffusing capacity.9 As the prevalence of cocaine smoking increases, medical problems that result from this practice may increase in a similar manner.
Descriptors
cocaine, adverse drug reaction, case report, diagnosis, drug abuse, drug dependence, human, mediastinum, pneumomediastinum, priority journal, respiratory system, Valsalva maneuver
Links
Book Title
Database
Embase; MEDLINE
Publisher
Data Source
Embase
Authors
Bush,M. N., Rubenstein,R., Hoffman,I., Bruno,M. S.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
PMCID
Editors
|
|||