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Measurement of 16 volatile organic compounds in restaurant air contaminated with environmental tobacco smoke	2008	Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Topeliuksenkatu 41 a A, Helsinki, Finland. sinikka.vainiotalo@ttl.fi	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Environmental research Periodical, Abbrev. Environ.Res. Pub Date Free Form Nov Volume 108 Issue 3 Start Page 280 Other Pages 288 Notes JID: 0147621; 0 (Organic Chemicals); 0 (Tobacco Smoke Pollution); 2008/01/11 [received]; 2008/05/27 [revised]; 2008/07/24 [accepted]; 2008/09/17 [aheadofprint]; ppublish Place of Publication United States ISSN/ISBN 1096-0953; 0013-9351 Accession Number PMID: 18801480 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.1016/j.envres.2008.07.020 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 18801480 Abstract Tobacco smoke-related air pollutant levels were studied in ten Finnish restaurants. Markers of tobacco smoke were measured together with other compounds typical of tobacco smoke and indoor air. The measurements were carried out at stationary sampling points in smoking and non-smoking areas of the restaurants in 2005-2006, when at least half of the service area had to be non-smoking according to the Finnish Tobacco Act. The average concentrations (geometric mean, microg/m3) of the 16 airborne contaminants measured in the smoking area were: nicotine 18.1; toluene 10.6; isoprene 10.2; m,p-xylene 5.0; limonene 4.8; benzene 3.3; furfuryl aldehyde 3.2; 1,3-butadiene 2.7; 3-ethenylpyridine (3-EP) 2.5; phenol 2.1; ethyl benzene 1.7; pyridine 1.6; o-xylene 1.5; 3-picoline 1.4; styrene 1.2; and naphthalene 0.45. A good correlation (r=0.90-0.99, p<0.001) was obtained between tobacco-specific markers (3-EP and nicotine) and 1,3-butadiene, isoprene, pyridine, furfuryl aldehyde, 3-picoline, phenol, and styrene. A poor or no correlation (r=0.19-0.60) was obtained between 3-EP or nicotine and the rest of the compounds. The average concentrations of all compounds were significantly lower in the non-smoking area than in the smoking area (p<0.05). In the non-smoking area, the average concentration of 3-EP was 0.35 microg/m3 and that of nicotine 1.6 microg/m3. In three restaurants, the area design and ventilation were effective: the average level of 3-EP in the non-smoking section was <3% from that in the smoking section. In the other restaurants, tobacco smoke was spreading more freely and the corresponding value was 14-76%. A sensitive method was applied for the measurement of airborne 1,3-butadiene. The air samples were collected into Carbopack X adsorption tubes and analysed by thermal desorption/gas chromatography/mass selective detection. The precision of the method was 4.2% (at 100 ng/sample) and the limit of quantification 0.02 microg/m3. Descriptors Air Pollution, Indoor/analysis, Environmental Monitoring/statistics & numerical data, Finland, Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry, Organic Chemicals/analysis, Restaurants, Tobacco Smoke Pollution/analysis, Volatilization Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Vainiotalo,S., Vaananen,V., Vaaranrinta,R. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20080917 PMCID Editors
Measurement of 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in narghile waterpipe tobacco smoke	2008		Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Food Chem Toxicol Periodical, Abbrev. Food Chem.Toxicol. Pub Date Free Form Volume 46 Issue 5 Start Page 1582 Other Pages 90 Notes ID: 18308445 Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN Accession Number Language en SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract An analytical method for the determination of 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the mainstream of narghile smoke is presented. The smoke was generated using a digital waterpipe smoking machine connected to the mouthpiece of a narghile that was loaded with 10 g of a popular flavored tobacco and kept alight with quick-light charcoal briquettes that are commonly used for this purpose. A standard smoking regimen consisting of 171 puffs of 530 ml volume and 2.6s duration spaced 17s apart was used, and the smoke condensates were collected on glass fiber filters. PAHs were extracted with toluene assisted by sonication. For purification, the extract was passed through a silica cartridge and eluted with hexane. The eluent was preconcentrated, reconstituted in acetonitrile, and analyzed using a GC-MS-SICP method. The method showed good selectivity, repeatability, accuracy and sensitivity. The limit of detection ranged from 15 to 96 ng for benzoa]pyrene and indeno1,2,3-cd]pyrene, respectively. It was found that a single narghile smoking session delivers approximately 50 times the quantities of carcinogenic 4- and 5-membered ring PAHs as a single 1R4F cigarette smoked using the FTC protocol. The pattern of PAH concentrations suggested that formation pathways differ from those of the cigarette, possibly reflecting the differing combustion conditions of the two smoking devices. Descriptors Plastics/chemistry, Polycyclic Hydrocarbons, Aromatic/analysis, Smoke/analysis, Tobacco/chemistry, Calibration, Carcinogens/analysis, Chromatography, Gas, Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry, Indicators and Reagents, Reference Standards, Reproducibility of Results Links http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fct.2007.12.028 Book Title Database MEDLINE; http://www.globalhealthlibrary.net/ Publisher Data Source Authors Sepetdjian,Elizabeth, Shihadeh,Alan, Saliba,Najat A. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
MCH released in a novel pheromone dispenser prevents spruce beetle, Dendroctonus rufipennis (Coleoptera: Scolytidae), attacks in south-central Alaska.	2003	Holsten, E.H., U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, 3301 "C" St., Ste 200, Anchorage, Alaska 99503, USA.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Journal of economic entomology Periodical, Abbrev. J.Econ.Entomol. Pub Date Free Form / Volume 96 Issue 1 Start Page 31 Other Pages 34 Notes Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN 0022-0493 Accession Number Language SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract Field tests of 3-methyl-2-cyclohexen-1-one (MCH), the antiaggregation pheromone of the spruce beetle, Dendroctonus rufipennis Kirby, were conducted in south-central Alaska in stands of Lutz spruce, Picea x lutzii Little, and Sitka spruce, P. sitchensis (Bong.) Carr. The deployment of MCH in a novel releaser significantly reduced trap catches and spruce beetle attacks on standing live spruce by 96 and 87%, respectively. The results of this study demonstrate the first successful field test of MCH in Alaska for the prevention of spruce beetle attacks on standing, live spruce. Descriptors 3 methyl 2 cyclohexen 1 one, 3-methyl-2-cyclohexen-1-one, cyclohexane derivative, pheromone, animal, article, beetle, biological pest control, devices, spruce, United States Links Book Title Database MEDLINE Publisher Data Source Embase Authors Holsten,E. H., Shea,P. J., Borys,R. R. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Matrix Effect on the Spray Drying Nanoencapsulation of Lippia sidoides Essential Oil in Chitosan-Native Gum Blends	2016	Department of Analytical and Physical Chemistry, Federal University of Ceara, UFC, Fortaleza-CE, Brazil.; Department of Analytical and Physical Chemistry, Federal University of Ceara, UFC, Fortaleza-CE, Brazil.; Department of Analytical and Physical Chemi	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Planta Medica Periodical, Abbrev. Planta Med. Pub Date Free Form 25-May Volume Issue Start Page Other Pages Notes LR: 20160525; CI: Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart . New York.; JID: 0066751; 2016/05/25 [epublish]; aheadofprint Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN 1439-0221; 0032-0943 Accession Number PMID: 27224269 Language ENG SubFile JOURNAL ARTICLE DOI 10.1055/s-0042-107470 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 27224269 Abstract Essential oils have many applications in the pharmaceutical, chemical, and food fields, however, their use is limited to the fact that they are very labile, requiring their a priori encapsulation, aiming to preserve their properties.This work reports on the preparation of chitosan-gum nanoparticles loaded with thymol containing Lippia sidoides essential oil, using exudates of Anacardium Occidentale (cashew gum), Sterculia striata (chicha gum), and Anadenanthera macrocarpa trees (angico gum). Nanoparticles were produced by spray drying an emulsion of L. sidoides essential oil and aqueous solution of gums with different chitosan : gum ratios. Samples were characterized by FTIR and UV/VIS spectroscopy, particle size, volume distribution, and zeta potential. The FTIR spectrum showed the main signals of chitosan and the gums. Data obtained revealed that the samples had sizes in the nano range, varying from 17 nm to 800 nm. The zeta potential varied from + 30 mV to - 40 mV. Nanoparticle loading values varied from 6.7 % to 15.6 %, with an average encapsulating efficiency of 62 %, where the samples with high ratios of cashew gum and chicha gum presented high oil loading values. The data revealed that both the chitosan : gum ratio and polysaccharide characteristics play major roles in nanoencapsulation processes. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Paula,H.C., Oliveira,E.F., Carneiro,M.J., de Paula,R.C. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20160525 PMCID Editors
Maternal waterpipe smoke exposure and the risk of asthma and allergic diseases in childhood: A post hoc analysis	2015	Balamand University, Beirut, Lebanon (Pulmonology Department).; Lebanese University, Hadath, Lebanon (Faculty of Pharmacy). pascalesalameh1@hotmail.com.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full International journal of occupational medicine and environmental health Periodical, Abbrev. Int.J.Occup.Med.Environ.Health Pub Date Free Form Volume 28 Issue 1 Start Page 147 Other Pages 156 Notes CI: This work is available in Open Access model and licensed under a CC BY-NC 3.0 PL license.; JID: 9437093; OTO: NOTNLM; ppublish Place of Publication Poland ISSN/ISBN 1896-494X; 1232-1087 Accession Number PMID: 26159955 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; IM DOI 10.13075/ijomeh.1896.00316 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 26159955 Abstract INTRODUCTION: This analysis was conducted with the objective of evaluating association between waterpipe passive smoking exposure and asthma, and allergies among Lebanese children. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Data were taken from a crosssectional study on children from public and private schools. A sample of 22 schools participated in the study, where standardized written core questionnaires were distributed. From 5 to 12-year-old students filled in the questionnaires at home, while 13-14-year-old students filled it in in the class. In total, 5522 children were evaluated for the prevalence of asthma, allergic rhinitis and atopic eczema, and their associated factors, including waterpipe exposure due to parents' smoking. RESULTS: The descriptive results of parental smoking were, as follows: among mothers: 1609 (29%) mothers smoked cigarettes, 385 (7%) smoked waterpipe and 98 (1.8%) smoked both; among fathers: 2449 (44.2%) smoked cigarettes, 573 (10.3%) smoked waterpipe and 197 (3.5%) smoked both. Maternal waterpipe smoking was significantly and moderately associated with allergic diseases (p Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Waked,M., Salameh,P. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Maternal smoking and environmental tobacco smoke exposure and the risk of allergic diseases in Japanese infants: the Osaka Maternal and Child Health Study	2008	Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan. k-tanaka@fukuoka-u.ac.jp	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full The Journal of asthma : official journal of the Association for the Care of Asthma Periodical, Abbrev. J.Asthma Pub Date Free Form Nov Volume 45 Issue 9 Start Page 833 Other Pages 838 Notes JID: 8106454; 0 (Tobacco Smoke Pollution); ppublish Place of Publication United States ISSN/ISBN 1532-4303; 0277-0903 Accession Number PMID: 18972305 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.1080/02770900802339742 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 18972305 Abstract PURPOSE: It remains controversial whether environmental tobacco smoke increases the risk of allergic diseases. The present prospective cohort study examined whether in utero exposure to maternal smoking and postnatal exposure to environmental tobacco smoke were associated with the development of wheeze, asthma, and atopic eczema in Japanese infants. METHODS: Study subjects included 763 infants. Data were obtained through the use of questionnaires completed by the mother during pregnancy and at 2 to 9 and 16 to 24 months postdelivery. Information regarding maternal smoking during pregnancy and postnatal exposure to environmental tobacco smoke was collected at 2 to 9 months postdelivery, and information on allergic symptoms was collected when the infant was between 16 to 24 months of age. Cases were defined according to criteria of the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood for wheeze and atopic eczema. Additionally, doctor-diagnosed asthma and atopic eczema were identified. Adjustment was made for maternal age, family income, maternal and paternal education, parental history of asthma, atopic eczema, allergic rhinitis, indoor domestic pets, baby's older siblings, baby's sex, birth weight, and time of surveys. RESULTS: The cumulative incidence of wheeze, atopic eczema, doctor-diagnosed asthma, and doctor-diagnosed atopic eczema was 22.1%, 18.6%, 4.3%, and 9.0%, respectively. Maternal smoking during pregnancy was not related to the risk of wheeze, whereas postnatal maternal smoking in the same room as the child increased the risk of wheeze. No significant association was observed between perinatal tobacco smoke exposure and the development of asthma and atopic eczema. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that postnatal maternal smoking might be associated with an increased risk of wheeze in Japanese infants. Descriptors Asthma/epidemiology/etiology, Child, Preschool, Dermatitis, Atopic/epidemiology/etiology, Female, Humans, Hypersensitivity/epidemiology/etiology, Incidence, Infant, Japan/epidemiology, Male, Maternal Exposure/adverse effects, Prospective Studies, Respiratory Sounds/etiology, Smoking/adverse effects, Tobacco Smoke Pollution/adverse effects Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Tanaka,K., Miyake,Y., Sasaki,S., Ohya,Y., Hirota,Y., Osaka Maternal and Child Health Study Group Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Maternal smoking affects lung function and airway inflammation in young children with multiple-trigger wheeze	2013	Department of Allergy, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland. satu.kalliola@hus.fi	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology Periodical, Abbrev. J.Allergy Clin.Immunol. Pub Date Free Form Mar Volume 131 Issue 3 Start Page 730 Other Pages 735 Notes LR: 20131121; CI: Copyright (c) 2013; JID: 1275002; 0 (Tobacco Smoke Pollution); 31C4KY9ESH (Nitric Oxide); K5161X06LL (Cotinine); 2012/11/27 [received]; 2013/01/11 [revised]; 2013/01/11 [accepted]; 2013/02/04 [aheadofprint]; ppublish Place of Publication United States ISSN/ISBN 1097-6825; 0091-6749 Accession Number PMID: 23380219 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; AIM; IM DOI 10.1016/j.jaci.2013.01.005 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 23380219 Abstract BACKGROUND: Exposure to tobacco smoke is a well-known risk factor for childhood asthma and reduced lung function, but the effect on airway inflammation in preschool-aged children is unclear. OBJECTIVE: To examine the effect of parental smoking on lung function and fractional concentration of exhaled nitric oxide (Feno) in relation to both parental reports and children's urine cotinine concentrations in preschool-aged children with multiple-trigger wheeze. METHODS: A total of 105 3- to 7-year-old children with multiple-trigger wheeze and lung function abnormalities were recruited. Lung function was assessed by impulse oscillometry, and Feno measurements were performed. Exposure to tobacco smoke was determined by parental reports and measurement of children's urinary cotinine concentrations. RESULTS: Forty-three percent of the children were exposed to environmental tobacco smoke according to parental reports. The Feno level was significantly higher in children with a smoking mother (n = 27) than in children with a nonsmoking mother (23.4 vs 12.5 ppb, P = .006). The Feno level expressed as z score and the cotinine level correlated significantly (P = .03). Respiratory resistance at 5 Hz was higher in children exposed to maternal smoking than in others (0.99 vs 0.88 kPas/L, P = .005). Urinary cotinine concentrations reflected well parental reports on their daily smoking and increased relative to the number of cigarettes smoked in the family (P Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology. Published by Mosby, Inc Data Source Authors Kalliola,S., Pelkonen,A.S., Malmberg,L.P., Sarna,S., Hamalainen,M., Mononen,I., Makela,M.J. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20130204 PMCID Editors
Maternal exposure to ambient levels of benzene and neural tube defects among offspring: Texas, 1999-2004	2011	Division of Epidemiology, Human Genetics and Environmental Sciences, University of Texas School of Public Health, Houston 77030, USA.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Environmental health perspectives Periodical, Abbrev. Environ.Health Perspect. Pub Date Free Form Mar Volume 119 Issue 3 Start Page 397 Other Pages 402 Notes LR: 20141202; GR: T42OH008421/OH/NIOSH CDC HHS/United States; GR: U50/CCU613232/PHS HHS/United States; JID: 0330411; 0 (Air Pollutants); 0 (Benzene Derivatives); 0 (Xylenes); 3FPU23BG52 (Toluene); J64922108F (Benzene); L5I45M5G0O (ethylbenzene); CIN: Envi Place of Publication United States ISSN/ISBN 1552-9924; 0091-6765 Accession Number PMID: 20923742 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.; IM DOI 10.1289/ehp.1002212 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 20923742 Abstract BACKGROUND: Previous studies have reported positive associations between maternal exposure to air pollutants and several adverse birth outcomes. However, there have been no studies assessing the association between environmental levels of hazardous air pollutants, such as benzene, and neural tube defects (NTDs), a common and serious group of congenital malformations. OBJECTIVE: Our goal was to conduct a case-control study assessing the association between ambient air levels of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene (BTEX) and the prevalence of NTDs among offspring. METHODS: The Texas Birth Defects Registry provided data on NTD cases (spina bifida and anencephaly) delivered between 1999 and 2004. The control group was a random sample of unaffected live births, frequency matched to cases on year of birth. Census tract-level estimates of annual BTEX levels were obtained from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency 1999 Assessment System for Population Exposure Nationwide. Restricted cubic splines were used in mixed-effects logistic regression models to determine associations between each pollutant and NTD phenotype. RESULTS: Mothers living in census tracts with the highest benzene levels were more likely to have offspring with spina bifida than were women living in census tracts with the lowest levels (odds ratio = 2.30; 95% confidence interval, 1.22-4.33). No significant associations were observed between anencephaly and benzene or between any of the NTD phenotypes and toluene, ethylbenzene, or xylene. CONCLUSION: In the first study to assess the relationship between environmental levels of BTEX and NTDs, we found an association between benzene and spina bifida. Our results contribute to the growing body of evidence regarding air pollutant exposure and adverse birth outcomes. Descriptors Adult, Air Pollutants/analysis/toxicity, Air Pollution/statistics & numerical data, Benzene/analysis/toxicity, Benzene Derivatives/analysis/toxicity, Female, Humans, Infant, Newborn, Male, Maternal Exposure/adverse effects/statistics & numerical data, Neural Tube Defects/epidemiology, Spinal Dysraphism/epidemiology, Texas, Toluene/analysis/toxicity, Xylenes/analysis/toxicity, Young Adult Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Lupo,P. J., Symanski,E., Waller,D. K., Chan,W., Langlois,P. H., Canfield,M. A., Mitchell,L. E. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20101005 PMCID PMC3060005 Editors
Marine fisheries in Tanzania	2002	Institute of Marine Sciences, University of Dar es Salaam, Zanzibar. jiddawi@ims.udsm.ac.tz	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Ambio Periodical, Abbrev. Ambio Pub Date Free Form Dec Volume 31 Issue 8-Jul Start Page 518 Other Pages 527 Notes LR: 20061115; JID: 0364220; ppublish Place of Publication Sweden ISSN/ISBN 0044-7447; 0044-7447 Accession Number PMID: 12572817 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 12572817 Abstract Fishery resources are a vital source of food and make valuable economic contributions to the local communities involved in fishery activities along the 850 km stretch of the Tanzania coastline and numerous islands. Small-scale artisanal fishery accounts for the majority of fish catch produced by more than 43 000 fishermen in the country, mainly operating in shallow waters within the continental shelf, using traditional fishing vessels including small boats, dhows, canoes, outrigger canoes and dinghys. Various fishing techniques are applied using uncomplicated passive fishing gears such as basket traps, fence traps, nets as well as different hook and line techniques. Species composition and size of the fish varies with gear type and location. More than 500 species of fish are utilized for food with reef fishes being the most important category including emperors, snappers, sweetlips, parrotfish, surgeonfish, rabbitfish, groupers and goatfish. Most of the fish products are used for subsistence purposes. However, some are exported. Destructive fishing methods such as drag nets and dynamite fishing pose a serious problem as they destroy important habitats for fish and other organisms, and there is a long-term trend of overharvested fishery resources. However, fishing pressure varies within the country as fishery resources are utilized in a sustainable manner in some areas. For this report more than 340 references about Tanzanian fishery and fish ecology were covered. There are many gaps in terms of information needed for successful fishery management regarding both basic and applied research. Most research results have been presented as grey literature (57%) with limited distribution; only one-fifth were scientific publications in international journals. Descriptors Animals, Anthozoa, Commerce, Conservation of Natural Resources, Data Collection, Environmental Monitoring, Fisheries, Fishes, Humans, Population Dynamics, Ships, Tanzania Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Jiddawi,N. S., Ohman,M. C. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Marijuana Legalization and Parents' Attitudes, Use, and Parenting in Washington State	2016	Social Development Research Group, School of Social Work, University of Washington, Seattle, WA. Electronic address: rickk@uw.edu.; Social Development Research Group, School of Social Work, University of Washington, Seattle, WA.; Social Development Resear	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full The Journal of adolescent health : official publication of the Society for Adolescent Medicine Periodical, Abbrev. J.Adolesc.Health Pub Date Free Form 11-Aug Volume Issue Start Page Other Pages Notes LR: 20160819; CI: Copyright (c) 2016; GR: R01 DA033956/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States; JID: 9102136; OTO: NOTNLM; 2016/05/16 [received]; 2016/07/02 [revised]; 2016/07/02 [accepted]; aheadofprint Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN 1879-1972; 1054-139X Accession Number PMID: 27523977 Language ENG SubFile JOURNAL ARTICLE DOI S1054-139X(16)30175-6 [pii] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 27523977 Abstract PURPOSE: The recent legalization of nonmedical marijuana use in several U.S. states has unknown implications for those who are actively parenting. This study examined parents' reactions to marijuana legalization and changes in attitudes and behaviors over time. METHODS: Data were from a gender-balanced, ethnically diverse sample of 395 parents in Washington State who were participating in the longitudinal Seattle Social Development Project. Participants were interviewed 15 times between 1985 (age 10) and 2014 (age 39). Adult nonmedical marijuana use was legalized in Washington in 2012 and retail outlets opened in 2014. RESULTS: Results showed (1) one third of parents incorrectly believed the legal age of nonmedical marijuana use to be 18; (2) significant increase in approval of adult marijuana use and decrease in perceived harm of regular use; (3) wide opposition to teen use and use around one's children; and (4) substantial increases in frequency of use and marijuana use disorder among parents who used. CONCLUSIONS: Despite increased acceptance and frequency of adult use, parents remain widely opposed to teen use but need facts and strategies for talking with their children about marijuana. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Society for Adolescent Health and Medicine. Published by Elsevier Inc Data Source Authors Kosterman,R., Bailey,J.A., Guttmannova,K., Jones,T.M., Eisenberg,N., Hill,K.G., Hawkins,J.D. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20160811 PMCID Editors

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