WTS database

Title	Pub Year	Author Sort descending	SearchLink
Comparison of tobacco-containing and tobacco-free waterpipe products: effects on human alveolar cells	2014	Department of Mechanical Engineering, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon;	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco Periodical, Abbrev. Nicotine Tob.Res. Pub Date Free Form Apr Volume 16 Issue 4 Start Page 496 Other Pages 499 Notes LR: 20150422; GR: R01 DA025659/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States; GR: R01CA120142/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States; GR: R01DA025659/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States; JID: 9815751; 0 (Smoke); OID: NLM: PMC4007115; 2013/12/03 [aheadofprint]; ppublish Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1469-994X; 1462-2203 Accession Number PMID: 24302635 Language eng SubFile Comparative Study; Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; IM DOI 10.1093/ntr/ntt193 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 24302635 Abstract INTRODUCTION: In recent years, a class of products marketed as "tobacco-free" alternatives for the "health conscious user" has become widely available for waterpipe (hookah, narghile, or shisha) smoking. Their adoption may be in part driven by regulations banning tobacco smoking in public places and by an increasing awareness of the hazards of waterpipe tobacco smoking. Although these products are presented in advertising as a "healthier" choice, very little is known about their health effects. METHODS: In this study, we compared the effects of smoke generated with tobacco-free and conventional tobacco-derived products on human alveolar cells. Smoke was generated with a smoking machine that precisely mimicked the puffing behavior of 15 experienced waterpipe smokers when they used conventional waterpipe tobacco products of their choice and flavor-matched tobacco-free products. Human alveolar epithelial cells (A549) were treated with particulate matter sampled from the smoke, and the effects on cell cycle, proliferation, and doubling time were measured during the subsequent 72hr. RESULTS: We found that smoke from both types of waterpipe products markedly reduced cell proliferation, caused cell cycle arrest at G0/G1, and increased cell doubling time. There were no significant differences across product in any measure. CONCLUSION: Tobacco-free and tobacco-based waterpipe products exert substantial and similar deleterious effects on human lung cells. This study adds to the nascent evidence base indicating that except for exposure to nicotine and its derivatives, use of tobacco-free waterpipe products does not present a reduced health risk relative to the use of conventional tobacco-based products. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Shihadeh,A., Eissenberg,T., Rammah,M., Salman,R., Jaroudi,E., El-Sabban,M. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20131203 PMCID PMC4007115 Editors
Significance of smoking machine toxicant yields to blood-level exposure in water pipe tobacco smokers	2011	Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology Periodical, Abbrev. Cancer Epidemiol.Biomarkers Prev. Pub Date Free Form Nov Volume 20 Issue 11 Start Page 2457 Other Pages 2460 Notes LR: 20151119; CI: (c) 2011; GR: R01 CA120142/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States; GR: R01CA120142/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States; JID: 9200608; 0 (Smoke); 0 (Tobacco Smoke Pollution); 6M3C89ZY6R (Nicotine); NIHMS544755; OID: NLM: NIHMS544755; OID: NLM: PMC3895338; Place of Publication United States ISSN/ISBN 1538-7755; 1055-9965 Accession Number PMID: 21914836 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; IM DOI 10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-11-0586 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 21914836 Abstract BACKGROUND: The global increase in tobacco smoking with a water pipe (hookah, narghile, or shisha) has made understanding its health consequences imperative. One key to developing this understanding is identifying and quantifying carcinogens and other toxicants present in water pipe smoke. To do so, the toxicant yield of machine-generated water pipe smoke has been measured. However, the relevance of toxicant yields of machine-generated smoke to actual human exposure has not been established. METHODS: In this study, we examined whether carbon monoxide (CO) and nicotine yields measured with a smoking machine programmed to replicate the puffing behavior of 31 human participants who smoked a water pipe could reliably predict these participants' blood-level exposure. In addition to CO and nicotine, yields of polyaromatic hydrocarbons, volatile aldehydes, nitric oxide (NO), and "tar" were measured. RESULTS: We found that when used in this puff-replicating manner, smoking machine yields are highly correlated with blood-level exposure (nicotine: r > 0.76, P 0.78, P Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher AACR Data Source Authors Shihadeh,A.L., Eissenberg,T.E. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20110913 PMCID PMC3895338 Editors
On the acoustic filtering of the pipe and sensor in a buried plastic water pipe and its effect on leak detection: an experimental investigation	2014	Department of Mechanical Engineering, UNESP - FEIS, Av. Brasil, 56, 15385-000, Ilha Solteira, Brazil. fabricio.lobato@yahoo.com.br.; Department of Mechanical Engineering, UNESP - FEIS, Av. Brasil, 56, 15385-000, Ilha Solteira, Brazil. mjbrennan0@btinterne	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) Periodical, Abbrev. Sensors (Basel) Pub Date Free Form 20-Mar Volume 14 Issue 3 Start Page 5595 Other Pages 5610 Notes JID: 101204366; 0 (Plastics); OID: NLM: PMC4004009; 2013/11/25 [received]; 2013/12/23 [revised]; 2014/01/02 [accepted]; epublish Place of Publication Switzerland ISSN/ISBN 1424-8220; 1424-8220 Accession Number PMID: 24658622 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.3390/s140305595 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 24658622 Abstract Acoustic techniques have been used for many years to find and locate leaks in buried water distribution systems. Hydrophones and accelerometers are typically used as sensors. Although geophones could be used as well, they are not generally used for leak detection. A simple acoustic model of the pipe and the sensors has been proposed previously by some of the authors of this paper, and their model was used to explain some of the features observed in measurements. However, simultaneous measurements of a leak using all three sensor-types in controlled conditions for plastic pipes has not been reported to-date and hence they have not yet been compared directly. This paper fills that gap in knowledge. A set of measurements was made on a bespoke buried plastic water distribution pipe test rig to validate the previously reported analytical model. There is qualitative agreement between the experimental results and the model predictions in terms of the differing filtering properties of the pipe-sensor systems. A quality measure for the data is also presented, which is the ratio of the bandwidth over which the analysis is carried out divided by the centre frequency of this bandwidth. Based on this metric, the accelerometer was found to be the best sensor to use for the test rig described in this paper. However, for a system in which the distance between the sensors is large or the attenuation factor of the system is high, then it would be advantageous to use hydrophones, even though they are invasive sensors. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Almeida,F., Brennan,M., Joseph,P., Whitfield,S., Dray,S., Paschoalini,A. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20140320 PMCID PMC4004009 Editors
Effectiveness of a proactive mail-based alcohol Internet intervention for university students: dismantling the assessment and feedback components in a randomized controlled trial	2012	Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Linkoping University, Linkoping, Sweden. preben.bendtsen@liu.se	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Journal of medical Internet research Periodical, Abbrev. J.Med.Internet Res. Pub Date Free Form 31-Oct Volume 14 Issue 5 Start Page e142 Other Pages Notes LR: 20150222; ISRCTN/ISRCTN24735383; GR: WT086516MA/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom; JID: 100959882; OID: NLM: PMC3510746; 2012/01/20 [received]; 2012/07/11 [accepted]; 2012/05/29 [revised]; epublish Place of Publication Canada ISSN/ISBN 1438-8871; 1438-8871 Accession Number PMID: 23113955 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.2196/jmir.2062 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 23113955 Abstract BACKGROUND: University students in Sweden routinely receive proactive mail-based alcohol Internet interventions sent from student health services. This intervention provides personalized normative feedback on alcohol consumption with suggestions on how to decrease drinking. Earlier feasibility trials by our group and others have examined effectiveness in simple parallel-groups designs. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effectiveness of electronic screening and brief intervention, using a randomized controlled trial design that takes account of baseline assessment reactivity (and other possible effects of the research process) due to the similarity between the intervention and assessment content. The design of the study allowed for exploration of the magnitude of the assessment effects per se. METHODS: This trial used a dismantling design and randomly assigned 5227 students to 3 groups: (1) routine practice assessment and feedback, (2) assessment-only without feedback, and (3) neither assessment nor feedback. At baseline all participants were blinded to study participation, with no contact being made with group 3. We approached students 2 months later to participate in a cross-sectional alcohol survey. All interventions were fully automated and did not have any human involvement. All data used in the analysis were based on self-assessment using questionnaires. The participants were unaware that they were participating in a trial and thus were also blinded to which group they were randomly assigned. RESULTS: Overall, 44.69% (n = 2336) of those targeted for study completed follow-up. Attrition was similar in groups 1 (697/1742, 40.01%) and 2 (737/1742, 42.31% retained) and lower in group 3 (902/1743, 51.75% retained). Intention-to-treat analyses among all participants regardless of their baseline drinking status revealed no differences between groups in all alcohol parameters at the 2-month follow-up. Per-protocol analyses of groups 1 and 2 among those who accepted the email intervention (36.2% of the students who were offered the intervention in group 1 and 37.3% of the students in group2 ) and who were risky drinkers at baseline (60.7% follow-up rate in group 1 and 63.5% in group 2) suggested possible small beneficial effects on weekly consumption attributable to feedback. CONCLUSIONS: This approach to outcome evaluation is highly conservative, and small benefits may follow the actual uptake of feedback intervention in students who are risky drinkers, the precise target group. TRIAL REGISTRATION: International Standard Randomized Controlled Trial Number (ISRCTN): 24735383; http://www.controlled-trials.com/ISRCTN24735383 (Archived by WebCite at http://www.webcitation.org/6Awq7gjXG). Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Bendtsen,P., McCambridge,J., Bendtsen,M., Karlsson,N., Nilsen,P. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20121031 PMCID PMC3510746 Editors
Alterations in oral microbial flora induced by waterpipe tobacco smoking	2018	Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Irbid, Jordan.; Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Irbid, Jordan.; Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy,(TRUNCATED	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full International journal of general medicine Periodical, Abbrev. Int.J.Gen.Med. Pub Date Free Form 2-Feb Volume 11 Issue Start Page 47 Other Pages 54 Notes LR: 20181113; JID: 101515487; OTO: NOTNLM; 2018/02/15 06:00 [entrez]; 2018/02/15 06:00 [pubmed]; 2018/02/15 06:01 [medline]; epublish Place of Publication New Zealand ISSN/ISBN 1178-7074; 1178-7074 Accession Number PMID: 29440924 Language eng SubFile Journal Article DOI 10.2147/IJGM.S150553 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 29440924 Abstract Background: Waterpipe smoking is a global health problem and a serious public concern. Little is known about the effects of waterpipe smoking on oral health. In the current study, we examined the alterations of oral microbial flora by waterpipe smoking. Methods: One hundred adult healthy subjects (59 waterpipe smokers and 41 non-smokers) were recruited into the study. Swabs were taken from the oral cavity and subgingival regions. Standard culturing techniques were used to identify types, frequency, and mean number of microorganisms in cultures obtained from the subjects. Results: It was notable that waterpipe smokers were significantly associated with a history of oral infections. In subgingiva, Acinetobacter and Moraxella species were present only in waterpipe smokers. In addition, the frequency of Candida albicans was higher in the subgingiva of waterpipe smokers (p = 0.023) while the frequency of Fusobacterium nucleatum was significantly lower in the subgingiva of waterpipe smokers (p = 0.036). However, no change was observed in other tested bacteria, such as Campylobacter species; Viridans group streptococci, Enterobacteriaceae, and Staphylococcus aureus. In oral cavity and when colony-forming units were considered, the only bacterial species that showed significant difference were the black-pigmented bacteria (p Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Shakhatreh,M.A.K., Khabour,O.F., Alzoubi,K.H., Masadeh,M.M., Hussein,E.I., Bshara,G.N. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20180202 PMCID PMC5799848 Editors
Alterations in oral microbial flora induced by waterpipe tobacco smoking	2018	Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Irbid, Jordan.; Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Irbid, Jordan.; Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy,(TRUNCATED	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full International journal of general medicine Periodical, Abbrev. Int.J.Gen.Med. Pub Date Free Form 2-Feb Volume 11 Issue Start Page 47 Other Pages 54 Notes LR: 20181113; JID: 101515487; OTO: NOTNLM; 2018/02/15 06:00 [entrez]; 2018/02/15 06:00 [pubmed]; 2018/02/15 06:01 [medline]; epublish Place of Publication New Zealand ISSN/ISBN 1178-7074; 1178-7074 Accession Number PMID: 29440924 Language eng SubFile Journal Article DOI 10.2147/IJGM.S150553 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 29440924 Abstract Background: Waterpipe smoking is a global health problem and a serious public concern. Little is known about the effects of waterpipe smoking on oral health. In the current study, we examined the alterations of oral microbial flora by waterpipe smoking. Methods: One hundred adult healthy subjects (59 waterpipe smokers and 41 non-smokers) were recruited into the study. Swabs were taken from the oral cavity and subgingival regions. Standard culturing techniques were used to identify types, frequency, and mean number of microorganisms in cultures obtained from the subjects. Results: It was notable that waterpipe smokers were significantly associated with a history of oral infections. In subgingiva, Acinetobacter and Moraxella species were present only in waterpipe smokers. In addition, the frequency of Candida albicans was higher in the subgingiva of waterpipe smokers (p = 0.023) while the frequency of Fusobacterium nucleatum was significantly lower in the subgingiva of waterpipe smokers (p = 0.036). However, no change was observed in other tested bacteria, such as Campylobacter species; Viridans group streptococci, Enterobacteriaceae, and Staphylococcus aureus. In oral cavity and when colony-forming units were considered, the only bacterial species that showed significant difference were the black-pigmented bacteria (p Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Shakhatreh,M.A.K., Khabour,O.F., Alzoubi,K.H., Masadeh,M.M., Hussein,E.I., Bshara,G.N. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20180202 PMCID PMC5799848 Editors
Assessment of genotoxicity of waterpipe and cigarette smoking in lymphocytes using the sister-chromatid exchange assay: a comparative study	2011	Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan. khabour@just.edu.jo	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Environmental and molecular mutagenesis Periodical, Abbrev. Environ.Mol.Mutagen. Pub Date Free Form Apr Volume 52 Issue 3 Start Page 224 Other Pages 228 Notes CI: Copyright (c) 2010; JID: 8800109; 0 (Mutagens); 0 (Tobacco Smoke Pollution); 2010/04/12 [received]; 2010/04/21 [accepted]; 2010/08/25 [aheadofprint]; ppublish Place of Publication United States ISSN/ISBN 1098-2280; 0893-6692 Accession Number PMID: 20740646 Language eng SubFile Comparative Study; Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.1002/em.20601 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 20740646 Abstract Tobacco smoking is a major world health problem. Recently, waterpipe smoking has become more popular in many countries. Although the genotoxicity associated with cigarette smoking has been extensively investigated, studies evaluating such toxicity in waterpipe users are still lacking. In this study, we examined the genotoxicity of waterpipe smoking in lymphocytes compared with the genotoxicity of cigarette smoking. Genotoxicity was evaluated using the sister chromatid exchanges (SCEs) assay. Fifty waterpipe smokers and 18 healthy nonsmokers participated in this study. Additionally, 18 heavy cigarette smokers (CS) were recruited for comparison. The results show that waterpipe smoking and cigarette smoking significantly increase the frequencies of SCEs (P Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Wiley-Liss, Inc Data Source Authors Khabour,O.F., Alsatari,E.S., Azab,M., Alzoubi,K.H., Sadiq,M.F. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20100825 PMCID Editors
Waterpipe tobacco and cigarette smoking among university students in Jordan	2012	Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Jordan University for Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full The international journal of tuberculosis and lung disease : the official journal of the International Union against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease Periodical, Abbrev. Int.J.Tuberc.Lung Dis. Pub Date Free Form Jul Volume 16 Issue 7 Start Page 986 Other Pages 992 Notes LR: 20151119; GR: K07 CA114315/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States; GR: R01 CA140150/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States; GR: R01-CA120142/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States; GR: R01-CA140150/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States; GR: R03-TW008371/TW/FIC NIH HHS/United States; JID: 9 Place of Publication France ISSN/ISBN 1815-7920; 1027-3719 Accession Number PMID: 22525279 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; IM DOI 10.5588/ijtld.11.0764 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 22525279 Abstract SETTING: While waterpipe and cigarette smoking have been well studied in Syria and Lebanon, data from Jordan are limited. OBJECTIVES: To characterize the relative prevalence of waterpipe tobacco and cigarette smoking among university students in Jordan, and to compare the demographic and environmental factors associated with each form of tobacco use. DESIGN: We surveyed 1845 students randomly recruited from four universities in Jordan. We used multivariable logistic regression controlling for clustering of individuals within universities to determine associations between demographic and environmental covariates and waterpipe tobacco and cigarette use. RESULTS: Waterpipe tobacco smoking rates were 30% in the past 30 days and 56% ever, while cigarette smoking rates were 29% in the past 30 days and 57% ever. Past 30-day waterpipe tobacco smoking rates were 59% for males and 13% for females. Females had substantially lower odds than males of being current waterpipe (OR 0.12, 95%CI 0.10-0.15) or cigarette (OR 0.08, 95%CI 0.05-0.14) smokers. Current cigarette smoking was more significantly associated with markers of high socio-economic status (SES) than waterpipe tobacco smoking. CONCLUSION: Waterpipe tobacco smoking is as common as cigarette smoking among Jordanian university students. While cigarette smoking is consistently associated with high SES, waterpipe tobacco smoking is more evenly distributed across various populations. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Khabour,O.F., Alzoubi,K.H., Eissenberg,T., Mehrotra,P., Azab,M., Carroll,M.V., Afifi,R.A., Primack,B.A. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20120416 PMCID PMC3570564 Editors
Acute exposure to waterpipe tobacco smoke induces changes in the oxidative and inflammatory markers in mouse lung	2012	Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan. khabour@just.edu.jo	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Inhalation toxicology Periodical, Abbrev. Inhal.Toxicol. Pub Date Free Form Aug Volume 24 Issue 10 Start Page 667 Other Pages 675 Notes LR: 20151119; GR: R01 CA120142/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States; GR: R01CA120142/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States; GR: R03 TW008371/TW/FIC NIH HHS/United States; GR: R03TW008371/TW/FIC NIH HHS/United States; JID: 8910739; 0 (Biomarkers); 0 (Inflammation Mediators Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1091-7691; 0895-8378 Accession Number PMID: 22906173 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.3109/08958378.2012.710918 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 22906173 Abstract CONTEXT: Tobacco smoking represents a global public health threat, claiming approximately 5 million lives a year. Waterpipe tobacco use has become popular particularly among youth in the past decade, buttressed by the perception that the waterpipe "filters" the smoke, rendering it less harmful than cigarette smoke. OBJECTIVE: In this study, we examined the acute exposure of waterpipe smoking on lung inflammation and oxidative stress in mice, and compared that to cigarette smoking. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Mice were divided into three groups; fresh air control, cigarette and waterpipe. Animals were exposed to fresh air, cigarette, or waterpipe smoke using whole body exposure system one hour daily for 7 days. RESULTS: Both cigarette and waterpipe smoke exposure resulted in elevation of total white blood cell count, as well as absolute count of neutrophils, macrophages, and lymphocytes (P Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Khabour,O.F., Alzoubi,K.H., Bani-Ahmad,M., Dodin,A., Eissenberg,T., Shihadeh,A. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID PMC3752682 Editors
Distribution and antifungal susceptibility of Candida species causing nosocomial candiduria	2012	Department of Medical Microbiology, Akdeniz University Medical Faculty, Antalya, Turkey.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Medical mycology Periodical, Abbrev. Med.Mycol. Pub Date Free Form Jul Volume 50 Issue 5 Start Page 529 Other Pages 532 Notes LR: 20131213; JID: 9815835; 0 (Antifungal Agents); 8VZV102JFY (Fluconazole); 2011/10/11 [aheadofprint]; ppublish Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1460-2709; 1369-3786 Accession Number PMID: 21988703 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.3109/13693786.2011.618996 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 21988703 Abstract The aim of the study was to investigate the distribution of Candida species isolated from urine specimens of hospitalized patients in Akdeniz University Hospital, Antalya, Turkey, as well as their susceptibilities to antifungal agents. A total of 100 patients who had nosocomial candiduria between March 2003 and May 2004 at the facility were included in the study. Organisms were identified by conventional methods and the use of API ID 32C strips. Susceptibilities of the isolates to amphotericin B were determined by Etest, whereas the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of these same strains to fluconazole, voriconazole and caspofungin were assessed using the broth microdilution method. The most common species recovered was C. albicans 44% of all yeasts, followed by C. tropicalis (20%), C. glabrata (18%), C. krusei (6%), C. famata (5%), C. parapsilosis (4%), C. kefyr (2%) and C. guilliermondii (1%). A total of nine (9%) of the isolates, including five C. krusei and four C. glabrata isolates were susceptible dose-dependent (SDD) to fluconazole. In constrast, only two C. glabrata and one C. krusei isolates were resistant to this antifungal. The voriconazole MICs for all Candida isolates were =0.5 mug/ml, except for one C. glabrata isolate with a MIC value of 2 mug/ml. Among all isolates, 94% were susceptible to amphotericin B with MIC values of Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Ozhak-Baysan,B., Ogunc,D., Colak,D., Ongut,G., Donmez,L., Vural,T., Gunseren,F. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20111011 PMCID Editors

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