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Impact of temperature and storage duration on the chemical and odor quality of military packaged water in polyethylene terephthalate bottles 2013 Department of Preventive Medicine and Biometrics, 4301 Jones Bridge Road, Uniformed Services University of Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. Michael.Greifenstein@us.army.mil
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Print(0)
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Journal Article
Periodical, Full
The Science of the total environment
Periodical, Abbrev.
Sci.Total Environ.
Pub Date Free Form
1-Jul
Volume
456-457
Issue
Start Page
376
Other Pages
383
Notes
CI: Copyright (c) 2013; JID: 0330500; 0 (Drinking Water); 0 (Polyethylene Terephthalates); 0 (Water Pollutants, Chemical); 2013/01/06 [received]; 2013/03/06 [revised]; 2013/03/25 [accepted]; 2013/04/30 [aheadofprint]; ppublish
Place of Publication
Netherlands
ISSN/ISBN
1879-1026; 0048-9697
Accession Number
PMID: 23624011
Language
eng
SubFile
Journal Article; IM
DOI
10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.03.092 [doi]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
23624011
Abstract
The impact of temperature and storage time on military packaged water (MPW) quality was examined at four temperatures (23.0 degrees C to 60.0 degrees C) for 120 days. Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) bottles were filled in California and Afghanistan with unbuffered water treated by reverse osmosis. The US military's water pH long-term potability standard was exceeded, and US Food and Drug Administration (USFDA) and US Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) drinking water pH and odor intensity limits were also exceeded. During a 70 day exposure period, Port Hueneme MPW total organic carbon and total trihalomethane levels increased from
Descriptors
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
Elsevier B.V
Data Source
Authors
Greifenstein,M., White,D.W., Stubner,A., Hout,J., Whelton,A.J.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
20130430
PMCID
Editors
Impact of the 2011 Spanish smoking ban in hospitality venues: indoor secondhand smoke exposure and influence of outdoor smoking 2013 Evaluation and Intervention Methods Service, Public Health Agency of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain. mjlopez@aspb.cat
Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco
Periodical, Abbrev.
Nicotine Tob.Res.
Pub Date Free Form
May
Volume
15
Issue
5
Start Page
992
Other Pages
996
Notes
JID: 9815751; 0 (Tobacco Smoke Pollution); 2012/10/25 [aheadofprint]; ppublish
Place of Publication
England
ISSN/ISBN
1469-994X; 1462-2203
Accession Number
PMID: 23100458
Language
eng
SubFile
Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM
DOI
10.1093/ntr/nts218 [doi]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
23100458
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: The Spanish tobacco control law of 2006 was modified in January 2011, banning smoking in all hospitality venues. The objective of the study was to assess the impact of the 2011 Spanish smoking ban on secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure in hospitality venues, and to analyze the potential impact of outdoor smokers close to entrances on indoor SHS levels after the law came into force. METHODS: Before-and-after evaluation study with repeated measures. The study was carried out in three regions of Spain (Catalonia, Galicia, and Madrid) and included a random sample of 178 hospitality venues. We measured vapor-phase nicotine and particulate matter 2.5 micrometers or less in diameter (PM2.5) as SHS markers at baseline (November-December 2010) and at follow-up (April-June 2011). We also recorded tobacco consumption variables such as the presence of butts, ashtrays, and smokers. In the posttest assessment, we also recorded the number of outdoor smokers close to the entrance. RESULTS: A total of 351 nicotine and 160 PM2.5 measurements were taken. Both nicotine and PM2.5 concentrations decreased by more than 90% (nicotine from 5.73 to 0.57 microg/m(3), PM2.5 from 233.38 to 18.82 microg/m(3)). After the law came into force, both nicotine and PM2.5 concentrations were significantly higher in venues with outdoor smokers close to the entrance than in those without outdoor smokers. All the observational tobacco consumption variables significantly decreased (p
Descriptors
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
Data Source
Authors
Lopez,M.J., Fernandez,E., Perez-Rios,M., Martinez-Sanchez,J.M., Schiaffino,A., Galan,I., Moncada,A., Fu,M., Montes,A., Salto,E., Nebot,M.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
20121025
PMCID
Editors
Impact of the Italian smoking ban and comparison with the evaluation of the Scottish ban 2011 SC Epidemiologia ambientale occupazionale - ISPO, Firenze. g.gorini@ispo.toscana.it
Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Epidemiologia e prevenzione
Periodical, Abbrev.
Epidemiol.Prev.
Pub Date Free Form
May-Aug
Volume
35
Issue
3-4 Suppl 1
Start Page
4
Other Pages
18
Notes
LR: 20151119; JID: 8902507; 0 (Air Pollutants); 0 (Biomarkers); 0 (Tobacco Smoke Pollution); 6M3C89ZY6R (Nicotine); K5161X06LL (Cotinine); CIN: Epidemiol Prev. 2011 May-Aug;35(3-4):174. PMID: 21914912; ppublish
Place of Publication
Italy
ISSN/ISBN
1120-9763; 1120-9763
Accession Number
PMID: 21926450
Language
ita
SubFile
Comparative Study; English Abstract; Journal Article; Review; IM
DOI
materiali/2011/EP2011_I3-4S1_004.pdf [pii]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
21926450
Abstract
The Italian smoking ban entered into force on January 10th, 2005, and banned smoking from enclosed workplaces and hospitality premises (HPs), even though provided separated smoking areas. Actually, only 1-2%of HPs built these areas, while no figures are available on the prevalence of smoking rooms in workplaces other than HPs. Italians were more in favour of the law after the ban. In 2008 Italians were the Europeans most in favour of a national smoking ban (88%). Measurements of environmental nicotine and particulate matter with a diameter
Descriptors
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
Data Source
Authors
Gorini,G.
Original/Translated Title
Valutazione di impatto della Legge Sirchia e confronto con la Scozia
URL
Date of Electronic
PMCID
Editors
Impact of the new smoke-free legislation (law 42/2010) on levels of second-hand smoke in hospitality venues 2013 Centro de Salud Delicias Sur. Departamento de Medicina y Psiquiatria, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Espana.
Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Gaceta sanitaria / S.E.S.P.A.S
Periodical, Abbrev.
Gac.Sanit.
Pub Date Free Form
Mar-Apr
Volume
27
Issue
2
Start Page
161
Other Pages
163
Notes
CI: Copyright (c) 2011; JID: 8901623; 0 (Tobacco Smoke Pollution); 2011/12/28 [received]; 2012/03/12 [revised]; 2012/03/15 [accepted]; 2012/05/30 [aheadofprint]; ppublish
Place of Publication
Spain
ISSN/ISBN
1578-1283; 0213-9111
Accession Number
PMID: 22657871
Language
spa
SubFile
English Abstract; Journal Article; IM
DOI
10.1016/j.gaceta.2012.03.007 [doi]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
22657871
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate pollution by second-hand smoke in a sample of hospitality venues before and after the implementation of smoke-free legislation. METHODS: A cross sectional, before-after study was conducted in 2008 and 2011 after the total ban. A SidePack Aerosol monitor was used both inside and outside the hospitality venues to measure fine breathable particles (PM2.5). A total of 43 places with pre- and post-legislation measurements were included. RESULTS: The median indoor pollution in hospitality venues was 204.2mug/m(3) in 2008 and 18.82mug/m(3) in 2011; the average outdoor PM2.5 concentration was 47.04mug/m(3) in 2008 and 18.82mug/m(3) in 2011. Pollution was higher in bars and cafeterias, followed by pubs and discos. Before the law was implemented, pollution was 4.34 times higher indoors than outdoors; in 2011 the average indoor PM2.5 concentration decreased by 90.88%. CONCLUSIONS: Only a complete ban is able to protect workers and customers against the health risks of second-hand smoke exposure.
Descriptors
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
SESPAS. Published by Elsevier Espana
Data Source
Authors
Cordoba,R., Nerin,I., Galindo,V., Alayeto,C., Villaverde-Royo,M.A., Sanz,C.
Original/Translated Title
Impacto de la nueva legislacion sobre tabaquismo (Ley 42/2010) en los niveles de humo ambiental de tabaco en locales de hosteleria
URL
Date of Electronic
20120530
PMCID
Editors
Impact of the Spanish smoking law on exposure to secondhand smoke in offices and hospitality venues: before-and-after study 2009 Public Health Agency, Barcelona, Spain. mnebot@aspb.es
Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Environmental health perspectives
Periodical, Abbrev.
Environ.Health Perspect.
Pub Date Free Form
Mar
Volume
117
Issue
3
Start Page
344
Other Pages
347
Notes
LR: 20141210; JID: 0330411; 0 (Tobacco Smoke Pollution); OID: NLM: PMC2661901; OTO: NOTNLM; 2008/06/23 [received]; 2008/09/19 [accepted]; 2008/09/19 [epublish]; ppublish
Place of Publication
United States
ISSN/ISBN
1552-9924; 0091-6765
Accession Number
PMID: 19337506
Language
eng
SubFile
Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM
DOI
10.1289/ehp.11845 [doi]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
19337506
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: A smoking law was passed by the Spanish Parliament in December 2005 and was enforced by 1 January 2006. The law bans smoking in all indoor workplaces but only in some hospitality venues, because owners are allowed to establish a smoking zone (venues>100 m2) or to allow smoking without restrictions (venues<100 m2). The objective of the study is to assess the impact of the Spanish smoking law on exposure to secondhand smoke (SHS) in enclosed workplaces, including hospitality venues. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study design is a before-and-after evaluation. We studied workplaces and hospitality venues from eight different regions of Spain. We took repeated samples of vapor-phase nicotine concentration in 398 premises, including private offices (162), public administration offices (90), university premises (43), bars and restaurants (79), and discotheques and pubs (24). RESULTS: In the follow-up period, SHS levels were markedly reduced in indoor offices. The median decrease in nicotine concentration ranged from 60.0% in public premises to 97.4% in private areas. Nicotine concentrations were also markedly reduced in bars and restaurants that became smoke-free (96.7%) and in the no-smoking zones of venues with separate spaces for smokers (88.9%). We found no significant changes in smoking zones or in premises allowing smoking, including discotheques and pubs. CONCLUSIONS: Overall, this study shows the positive impact of the law on reducing SHS in indoor workplaces. However, SHS was substantially reduced only in bars and restaurants that became smoke-free. Most hospitality workers continue to be exposed to very high levels of SHS. Therefore, a 100% smoke-free policy for all hospitality venues is required.
Descriptors
Humans, Inhalation Exposure/adverse effects/statistics & numerical data, Occupational Exposure/adverse effects/statistics & numerical data, Restaurants, Smoking/legislation & jurisprudence, Spain, Tobacco Smoke Pollution/adverse effects/statistics & numerical data, Workplace, evaluation, hospitality sector, secondhand smoke, smoking law, workplaces
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
Data Source
Authors
Nebot,M., Lopez,M. J., Ariza,C., Perez-Rios,M., Fu,M., Schiaffino,A., Munoz,G., Salto,E., Fernandez,E., Spanish Smoking Law Evaluation Group
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
20080919
PMCID
PMC2661901
Editors
Impact of the WHO FCTC on non-cigarette tobacco products 2019 Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon.
Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Tobacco control
Periodical, Abbrev.
Tob.Control
Pub Date Free Form
Jun
Volume
28
Issue
Suppl 2
Start Page
s104
Other Pages
s112
Notes
LR: 20190802; CI: (c) World Health Organization 2019; JID: 9209612; OTO: NOTNLM; 2018/03/01 00:00 [received]; 2018/07/04 00:00 [revised]; 2018/07/07 00:00 [accepted]; 2018/08/02 06:00 [pubmed]; 2018/08/02 06:00 [medline]; 2018/08/02 06:00 [entrez]; ppubli
Place of Publication
England
ISSN/ISBN
1468-3318; 0964-4563
Accession Number
PMID: 30065075
Language
eng
SubFile
Journal Article
DOI
10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2018-054346 [doi]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
30065075
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: This paper investigates to what extent Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC) parties have successfully implemented regulatory measures against non-cigarette tobacco product (NCTP) use, considers the challenges and peculiarities in applying such regulations and proposes effective means. DATA AND METHODS: This review was based on many sources mainly: International Legal Consortium, International Tobacco Control, Campaign for Tobacco-Free Kids, FCTC, expert group visits and published literature. FINDINGS AND CONCLUSION: The FCTC provided a framework that applies to all forms of tobacco and this encouraged some parties to adopt control measures against NCTP and to incorporate them into their national tobacco control plans. Although a number of countries have adopted measures specifically targeted towards smokeless and waterpipe tobacco, greater global progress is needed. The strongest achievements have been in protection from exposure to tobacco smoke; controlling advertising, promotion and sponsorship; controlling sales to and by minors; education, communication and public awareness; and packaging and labelling of NCTP. Countries which adopted broad definitions of tobacco products have demonstrated encouraging trends in curbing their use. Future work should address the deep-rooted social acceptance of NCTP, the laxity in their control, their exclusion from regulations in some countries and the failure to subject them to increased taxation. Control measures should also specifically target the initiation risk to youth and adolescents and all factors that contribute to that such as banning flavourings and promotions through social media. Stronger global surveillance of NCTP use, tracking of policy implementation and evaluation of policy impact will provide important evidence to assist parties in fully implementing the FCTC to control their use.
Descriptors
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
. Licensee BMJ Publishing Group Limited
Data Source
Authors
Zaatari,G.S., Bazzi,A.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
20180731
PMCID
PMC6589465
Editors
Impact of tobacco-related health warning labels across socioeconomic, race and ethnic groups: results from a randomized web-based experiment 2013 Department of Research and Evaluation, Legacy Foundation, Washington, DC, USA. jcantrell@legacyforhealth.org
Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
PloS one
Periodical, Abbrev.
PLoS One
Pub Date Free Form
Volume
8
Issue
1
Start Page
e52206
Other Pages
Notes
LR: 20150219; JID: 101285081; OID: NLM: PMC3544861; 2012/05/18 [received]; 2012/11/14 [accepted]; 2013/01/14 [epublish]; ppublish
Place of Publication
United States
ISSN/ISBN
1932-6203; 1932-6203
Accession Number
PMID: 23341895
Language
eng
SubFile
Journal Article; Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM
DOI
10.1371/journal.pone.0052206 [doi]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
23341895
Abstract
BACKGROUND: The U.S. Family Smoking Prevention and Tobacco Control Act of 2009 requires updating of the existing text-only health warning labels on tobacco packaging with nine new warning statements accompanied by pictorial images. Survey and experimental research in the U.S. and other countries supports the effectiveness of pictorial health warning labels compared with text-only warnings for informing smokers about the risks of smoking and encouraging cessation. Yet very little research has examined differences in reactions to warning labels by race/ethnicity, education or income despite evidence that population subgroups may differ in their ability to process health information. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the potential impact of pictorial warning labels compared with text-only labels among U.S. adult smokers from diverse racial/ethnic and socioeconomic subgroups. METHODS/FINDINGS: Participants were adult smokers recruited from two online research panels (n = 3,371) into a web-based experimental study to view either the new pictorial warnings or text-only warnings. Participants viewed the labels and reported their reactions. Adjusted regression models demonstrated significantly stronger reactions for the pictorial condition for each outcome salience (b = 0.62, p<.001 perceived="" impact="" p="" credibility="" ci="1.22-1.62)," and="" intention="" to="" quit="" no="" significant="" results="" were="" found="" for="" interactions="" between="" condition="" race="" education="" or="" income.="" the="" only="" exception="" concerned="" outcome="" where="" condition-by-education="" interaction="" was="" nearly="" conclusions:="" findings="" suggest="" that="" greater="" of="" pictorial="" warning="" label="" compared="" text-only="" is="" consistent="" across="" diverse="" racial="" socioeconomic="" populations.="" given="" their="" great="" reach="" health="" labels="" may="" be="" one="" few="" tobacco="" control="" policies="" have="" potential="" reduce="" communication="" inequalities="" groups.="" establish="" strong="" on="" packaging="" instrumental="" in="" reducing="" toll="" epidemic="" particularly="" within="" vulnerable="" communities.="">
Descriptors
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Book Title
Database
Publisher
Data Source
Authors
Cantrell,J., Vallone,D.M., Thrasher,J.F., Nagler,R.H., Feirman,S.P., Muenz,L.R., He,D.Y., Viswanath,K.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
20130114
PMCID
PMC3544861
Editors
Impact of Training High School Female Students in Ahvaz, Iran in the Social Skills Required to Avoid the Use of Drugs 2016 Ph.D. of Health Education, Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran; Associate Professor, Department of Health Education and Promotion, School of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sci
Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Electronic physician
Periodical, Abbrev.
Electron.Physician.
Pub Date Free Form
25-May
Volume
8
Issue
5
Start Page
2346
Other Pages
2354
Notes
LR: 20160708; JID: 101645099; OID: NLM: PMC4930253; OTO: NOTNLM; 2016/05 [ecollection]; 2015/10/21 [received]; 2016/02/22 [accepted]; 2016/05/25 [epublish]; epublish
Place of Publication
Iran
ISSN/ISBN
2008-5842; 2008-5842
Accession Number
PMID: 27382443
Language
eng
SubFile
Journal Article
DOI
10.19082/2346 [doi]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
27382443
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: Gender composition and the soaring trends of drug and tobacco dependency reveal the priority of social skills training related to drug avoidance self-efficacy among female students. The aim of this study was to verify the impact training high school female students to have the social skills needed to avoid the use of drugs. METHODS: This study was conducted from September 2012 to May 2013 in two high schools in Ahvaz City in southwest Iran. The participants were divided randomly into two groups of 60 students, one experimental group and one control group using the multi-stage simple sampling method. Two questionnaires, i.e. the ASES and TISS questionnaires, were completed before and after the intervention. Descriptive statistics, chi squared, paired-samples t-test, and the independent-samples t-test were used. RESULTS: The participants had a mean age of 14.93 years. Among the 120 participants, 90.8% indicated that they had never smoked a cigarette, and 51.7% of the participants denied having smoked a hookah. There was no significant relationship between the self-sufficiency means of drug avoidance in the two groups of girls before intervention (p >/= 0.05). However, after intervention, a significant difference was found in test score of self-efficacy of drug avoidance between the two groups, i.e., 94.91 +/- 8.3 for the control group versus 99.16 +/- 3.8 for the experimental group, p 0.05). The mean values of the pre- and post-test scores of social skill before and after intervention increased significantly only for the experimental group (97.60 +/- 19.19 vs. 100.58 +/- 12.37, p = 0.03). CONCLUSION: Educational intervention can significantly enhance social skills for drug avoidance self-efficacy, so it is recommended that such skills be taught in the high school curriculum.
Descriptors
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Book Title
Database
Publisher
Data Source
Authors
Alavijeh,F.Z., Raisi,Z., Asadollahi,A., Irani,R.D., Kalhori,S.R.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
20160525
PMCID
PMC4930253
Editors
Impact of waterpipe smoking on blood pressure and heart rate among adolescents: The Irbid-TRY 2018
Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Journal of Substance Use
Periodical, Abbrev.
J.Subst.Use
Pub Date Free Form
Volume
23
Issue
3
Start Page
280
Other Pages
285
Notes
Place of Publication
ISSN/ISBN
Accession Number
Language
SubFile
DOI
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
Abstract
Descriptors
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
Taylor & Francis
Data Source
google
Authors
Alomari, Mahmoud A, Al-Sheyab, Nihaya A
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
PMCID
Editors
Impact of Waterpipe Tobacco Pack Health Warnings on Waterpipe Smoking Attitudes: A Qualitative Analysis among Regular Users in London 2015 Department of Primary Care and Public Health, Imperial College London, Hammersmith W6 8RP, UK ; Academic Unit of Primary Care and Population Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, Hampshire SO16 6YD, UK.; School of Medicine and Dentistry, Barts
Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
BioMed research international
Periodical, Abbrev.
Biomed.Res.Int.
Pub Date Free Form
Volume
2015
Issue
Start Page
745865
Other Pages
Notes
LR: 20150816; JID: 101600173; OID: NLM: PMC4529913; 2014/12/08 [received]; 2015/02/18 [revised]; 2015/02/25 [accepted]; 2015/07/26 [epublish]; ppublish
Place of Publication
United States
ISSN/ISBN
2314-6141
Accession Number
PMID: 26273642
Language
eng
SubFile
Journal Article; IM
DOI
10.1155/2015/745865 [doi]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
26273642
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Despite the rise in prevalence of waterpipe tobacco smoking, it has received little legislative enforcement from governing bodies, especially in the area of health warning labels. METHODS: Twenty regular waterpipe tobacco smokers from London took part in five focus groups discussing the impact of waterpipe tobacco pack health warnings on their attitudes towards waterpipe smoking. We presented them with existing and mock waterpipe tobacco products, designed to be compliant with current and future UK/EU legislation. Data were analysed using thematic analysis. RESULTS: Participants felt packs were less attractive and health warnings were more impactful as health warnings increased in size and packaging became less branded. However, participants highlighted their lack of exposure to waterpipe tobacco pack health warnings due to the inherent nature of waterpipe smoking, that is, smoking in a cafe with the apparatus already prepacked by staff. Health warnings at the point of consumption had more reported impact than health warnings at the point of sale. CONCLUSIONS: Waterpipe tobacco pack health warnings are likely to be effective if compliant with existing laws and exposed to end-users. Legislations should be reviewed to extend health warning labels to waterpipe accessories, particularly the apparatus, and to waterpipe-serving premises.
Descriptors
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
Data Source
Authors
Jawad,M., Bakir,A., Ali,M., Grant,A.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
20150726
PMCID
PMC4529913
Editors