WTS database

Title	Pub Year	Author Sort descending	SearchLink
Soil temperature and plant growth stage influence nitrogen uptake and amino acid concentration of apple during early spring growth	2001	Department of Horticulture, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Tree physiology Periodical, Abbrev. Tree Physiol. Pub Date Free Form May Volume 21 Issue 8 Start Page 541 Other Pages 547 Notes LR: 20131121; JID: 100955338; 0 (Amino Acids); 0 (Soil); N762921K75 (Nitrogen); ppublish Place of Publication Canada ISSN/ISBN 0829-318X; 0829-318X Accession Number PMID: 11359712 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.; IM DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 11359712 Abstract In spring, nitrogen (N) uptake by apple roots begins about 3 weeks after bud break. We used 1-year-old 'Fuji' Malus domestica Borkh on M26 bare-root apple trees to determine whether the onset of N uptake in spring is dependent solely on the growth stage of the plant or is a function of soil temperature. Five times during early season growth, N uptake and total amino acid concentration were measured in trees growing at aboveground day/night temperatures of 23/15 degrees C and belowground temperatures of 8, 12, 16 or 20 degrees C. We used (15NH4)(15NO3) to measure total N uptake and rate of uptake and found that both were significantly influenced by both soil temperature and plant growth stage. Rate of uptake of 15N increased with increasing soil temperature and changed with plant growth stage. Before bud break, 15N was not detected in trees growing in the 8 degrees C soil treatment, whereas 15N uptake increased with increasing soil temperatures between 12 and 20 degrees C. Ten days after bud break, 15N was still not detected in trees growing in the 8 degrees C soil treatment, although total 15N uptake and uptake rate continued to increase with increasing soil temperatures between 12 and 20 degrees C. Twenty-one days after bud break, trees in all temperature treatments were able to acquire 15N from the soil, although the amount of uptake increased with increasing soil temperature. Distribution of 15N in trees changed as plants grew. Most of the 15N absorbed by trees before bud break (approximately 5% of 15N supplied per tree) remained in the roots. Forty-six days after bud break, approximately one-third of the 15N absorbed by the trees in the 12-20 degrees C soil temperature treatments remained in the roots, whereas the shank, stem and new growth contained about two-thirds of the 15N taken up by the roots. Total amino acid concentration and distribution of amino acids in trees changed with plant growth stage, but only the amino acid concentration in new growth and roots was affected by soil temperature. We conclude that a combination of low soil temperature and plant developmental stage influences the ability of apple trees to take up and use N from the soil in the spring. Thus, early fertilizer application in the spring when soil temperatures are low or when the aboveground portion of the tree is not actively growing may be ineffective in promoting N uptake. Descriptors Amino Acids/analysis/metabolism, Malus/growth & development/physiology, Nitrogen/metabolism/physiology, Plant Roots/chemistry, Plant Stems/chemistry, Seasons, Soil, Temperature, Trees/growth & development/physiology Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Dong,S., Scagel,C. F., Cheng,L., Fuchigami,L. H., Rygiewicz,P. T. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Benzene, toluene and xylenes in air, geographical distribution in the Piedmont region (Italy) and personal exposure	1994	Department of Hygiene and Community Medicine, University of Turin, Faculty of Science, Italy.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full The Science of the total environment Periodical, Abbrev. Sci.Total Environ. Pub Date Free Form 30-May Volume 148 Issue 1 Start Page 49 Other Pages 56 Notes LR: 20131121; JID: 0330500; 0 (Air Pollutants); 0 (Tobacco Smoke Pollution); 0 (Xylenes); 3FPU23BG52 (Toluene); J64922108F (Benzene); ppublish Place of Publication NETHERLANDS ISSN/ISBN 0048-9697; 0048-9697 Accession Number PMID: 8016638 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 0048-9697(94)90373-5 [pii] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 8016638 Abstract The objectives of this study were the determination of: (a) benzene (B), toluene (T) and xylene (X) air pollution in three sites of the Piedmont region (north-western Italy), (b) the relationship between BTX pollution in indoor, outdoor and personal air measured for a group of non-smoking university students, (c) the influence of environmental tobacco smoke on the level of BTX exposure for indoor air environments. Results indicate (i) a direct relationship between human density and level of contamination and higher toluene pollution, (ii) an indoor/outdoor ratio of > 1 for all the three aromatics, (iii) a similar level of personal and indoor air contamination. Human exposure to BTX air pollution has been found to depend principally on indoor air contamination, not only on home pollution, but also, probably on many other confined environments. Descriptors Air Pollutants/analysis, Air Pollution, Indoor/analysis, Benzene/analysis, Environmental Exposure/analysis, Humans, Italy, Tobacco Smoke Pollution/analysis, Toluene/analysis, Xylenes/analysis Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Gilli,G., Scursatone,E., Bono,R. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Legionella species colonization of water distribution systems, pools and air conditioning systems in cruise ships and ferries	2008	Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece. goutzianag@med.uth.gr	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full BMC public health Periodical, Abbrev. BMC Public Health Pub Date Free Form 24-Nov Volume 8 Issue Start Page 390 Other Pages 2458-8-390 Notes LR: 20140902; JID: 100968562; OID: NLM: PMC2605755; 2008/06/10 [received]; 2008/11/24 [accepted]; 2008/11/24 [aheadofprint]; epublish Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1471-2458; 1471-2458 Accession Number PMID: 19025638 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.1186/1471-2458-8-390 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 19025638 Abstract BACKGROUND: Legionnaires' disease continues to be a public health concern in passenger ships. This study was scheduled in order to investigate Legionella spp. colonization of water distribution systems (WDS), recreational pools, and air-conditioning systems on board ferries and cruise ships in an attempt to identify risk factors for Legionella spp. colonization associated with ship water systems and water characteristics. METHODS: Water systems of 21 ferries and 10 cruise ships including WDS, air conditioning systems and pools were investigated for the presence of Legionella spp. RESULTS: The 133 samples collected from the 10 cruise ships WDS, air conditioning systems and pools were negative for Legionella spp. Of the 21 ferries WDS examined, 14 (66.7%) were legionellae-positive. A total of 276 samples were collected from WDS and air conditioning systems. Legionella spp. was isolated from 37.8% of the hot water samples and 17.5% of the cold water samples. Of the total 96 positive isolates, 87 (90.6%) were L. pneumophila. Legionella spp. colonization was positively associated with ship age. The temperature of the hot water samples was negatively associated with colonization of L. pneumophila serogroup (sg) 1 and that of L. pneumophila sg 2 to 14. Increases in pH >/=7.8 and total plate count > or =400 CFU/L, correlated positively with the counts of L. pneumophila sg 2 to 14 and Legionella spp. respectively. Free chlorine of > or =0.2 mg/L inhibited colonization of Legionella spp. CONCLUSION: WDS of ferries can be heavily colonized by Legionella spp. and may present a risk of Legionnaires' disease for passengers and crew members. Guidelines and advising of Legionnaires' disease prevention regarding ferries are needed, in particular for operators and crew members. Descriptors Air Conditioning, Colony Count, Microbial, Environmental Monitoring, Legionella/classification/isolation & purification, Leisure Activities, Ships, Swimming Pools, Water Microbiology Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Goutziana,G., Mouchtouri,V. A., Karanika,M., Kavagias,A., Stathakis,N. E., Gourgoulianis,K., Kremastinou,J., Hadjichristodoulou,C. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20081124 PMCID PMC2605755 Editors
Legionella contamination in hot water of Italian hotels	2005	Department of Hygiene and Microbiology, Via Campi, 287, I-41100 Modena, Italy. borella.paola@unimore.it	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Applied and Environmental Microbiology Periodical, Abbrev. Appl.Environ.Microbiol. Pub Date Free Form Oct Volume 71 Issue 10 Start Page 5805 Other Pages 5813 Notes LR: 20140605; JID: 7605801; OID: NLM: PMC1265926; ppublish Place of Publication United States ISSN/ISBN 0099-2240; 0099-2240 Accession Number PMID: 16204491 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 71/10/5805 [pii] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 16204491 Abstract A cross-sectional multicenter survey of Italian hotels was conducted to investigate Legionella spp. contamination of hot water. Chemical parameters (hardness, free chlorine concentration, and trace element concentrations), water systems, and building characteristics were evaluated to study risk factors for colonization. The hot water systems of Italian hotels were strongly colonized by Legionella; 75% of the buildings examined and 60% of the water samples were contaminated, mainly at levels of > or =10(3) CFU liter(-1), and Legionella pneumophila was the most frequently isolated species (87%). L. pneumophila serogroup 1 was isolated from 45.8% of the contaminated sites and from 32.5% of the hotels examined. When a multivariate logistic model was used, only hotel age was associated with contamination, but the risk factors differed depending on the contaminating species and serogroup. Soft water with higher chlorine levels and higher temperatures were associated with L. pneumophila serogroup 1 colonization, whereas the opposite was observed for serogroups 2 to 14. In conclusion, Italian hotels, particularly those located in old buildings, represent a major source of risk for Legionnaires' disease due to the high frequency of Legionella contamination, high germ concentration, and major L. pneumophila serogroup 1 colonization. The possible role of chlorine in favoring the survival of Legionella species is discussed. Descriptors Colony Count, Microbial, Fresh Water/chemistry/microbiology, Hot Temperature, Italy, Legionella/classification/genetics/isolation & purification, Legionella pneumophila/classification/genetics/isolation & purification, Regression Analysis, Serotyping, Travel, Water Pollution, Water Supply Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Borella,P., Montagna,M. T., Stampi,S., Stancanelli,G., Romano-Spica,V., Triassi,M., Marchesi,I., Bargellini,A., Tato,D., Napoli,C., Zanetti,F., Leoni,E., Moro,M., Scaltriti,S., Ribera D'Alcala,G., Santarpia,R., Boccia,S. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID PMC1265926 Editors
Experimental studies of the effects of enriched air nitrox dive on shortening of decompression time and reduction of risks of decompression sickness	1993	Department of Hygiene, Saitama Medical School.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Sangyo igaku.Japanese journal of industrial health Periodical, Abbrev. Sangyo Igaku Pub Date Free Form Jul Volume 35 Issue 4 Start Page 294 Other Pages 301 Notes LR: 20131121; JID: 0150531; 37291-87-5 (nitrox); N762921K75 (Nitrogen); S88TT14065 (Oxygen); ppublish Place of Publication JAPAN ISSN/ISBN 0047-1879; 0047-1879 Accession Number PMID: 8377268 Language jpn SubFile English Abstract; Journal Article; IM; S DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 8377268 Abstract Enriched air nitrox diving has been conducted to shorten decompression time as well as to reduce risks of decompression sickness. Nine volunteer divers served as subjects for nitrox (-a: 60% N2 and 40% O2, and -b: 67.5% N2 and 32.5% O2) and air chamber dives of 20 m/60 min, 30 m/60 min and 40 m/60 min. Venous gas emboli (VGE) were examined after surfacing in a series of nitrox dives and of air dives to compare the risks of decompression sickness (DCS). Three divers as a group were compressed in a chamber for each dive. Decompression was carried out according to the Norwegian Navy nitrox decompression tables for the nitrox dives, and for the air dives the Japanese Ministry of Labor tables were used. Decompression time was much shorter in nitrox diving than in air dives for the same dive profiles. All of nitrox-a and air divers showed no VGE nor DCS symptoms after surfacing of 20 m dives. In case of 30 m dives, VGE appeared in one diver (33%) without DCS symptoms in nitrox-a dive but no VGE nor DCS in nitrox-b dive, whereas for the same air dives two subjects (66%) had VGE and DCS symptoms. When the depth was increased to 40 m in the nitrox dive, nitrox-b did not show both VGE and DCS, while the air dive showed one VGE and one DCS. These results suggest that the nitrox dive with suitable decompression schedule reduces the risks of DCS as well as shortening decompression obligation. Descriptors Adult, Air, Decompression/methods, Decompression Sickness/prevention & control, Diving, Humans, Middle Aged, Nitrogen, Oxygen, Time Factors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Kobayashi,K. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Use of electronic cigarettes and alternative tobacco products among Romanian adolescents	2016	Department of Hygiene, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Targu Mures, Targu Mures, Romania. valentin.nadasan@umftgm.ro.; Social Sciences and Health Policy, Cancer Prevention and Control, Wake Forest University Medical School, NC, USA.; Institute of P	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full International journal of public health Periodical, Abbrev. Int.J.Public.Health. Pub Date Free Form Mar Volume 61 Issue 2 Start Page 199 Other Pages 207 Notes LR: 20160327; GR: 1R01TW009280-01/TW/FIC NIH HHS/United States; GR: R01 TW009280/TW/FIC NIH HHS/United States; JID: 101304551; NIHMS749189; OID: NLM: NIHMS749189 [Available on 03/01/17]; OID: NLM: PMC4808391 [Available on 03/01/17]; OTO: NOTNLM; PMCR: 201 Place of Publication Switzerland ISSN/ISBN 1661-8564; 1661-8556 Accession Number PMID: 26729271 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; IM DOI 10.1007/s00038-015-0774-8 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 26729271 Abstract OBJECTIVES: To assess socio-demographic and smoking-related correlates of e-cigarette and alternative tobacco products (ATPs) use in a multi-ethnic group of adolescents in Tirgu Mures, Romania. METHODS: The cross-sectional study included 1835 high school students from Tirgu Mures, Romania. Socio-demographic variables and data about smoking and e-cigarettes and ATP use were collected using an online questionnaire. Chi-square tests or one-way ANOVA were applied to compare never smokers, non-current smokers, and current smokers. Multiple logistic regression was conducted to determine the correlates of e-cigarettes and ATP use. RESULTS: The most frequently tried non-cigarette nicotine and tobacco products were e-cigarette (38.5 %), cigar (31.4 %) and waterpipe (21.1 %). Ever trying and current use of cigarettes were the most important correlates of e-cigarette and ATPs use. Sex, ethnicity, sensation seeking and perceived peer smoking were correlates of several ATPs use. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study may inform the development of tailored tobacco control programs. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Nadasan,V., Foley,K.L., Penzes,M., Paulik,E., Mihaicuta,S., Abram,Z., Balint,J., Urban,R. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20160105 PMCID PMC4808391 Editors
Risks factors for recurrent neurological decompression sickness in recreational divers: a case-control study	2012	Department of Hyperbaric and Diving Medicine, Sainte Anne's Military Hospital, Toulon, France. gempp@voila.fr	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full The Journal of sports medicine and physical fitness Periodical, Abbrev. J.Sports Med.Phys.Fitness Pub Date Free Form Oct Volume 52 Issue 5 Start Page 530 Other Pages 536 Notes JID: 0376337; ppublish Place of Publication Italy ISSN/ISBN 0022-4707; 0022-4707 Accession Number PMID: 22976740 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; IM DOI R40123675 [pii] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 22976740 Abstract AIM: Individual or environmental factors that predispose to the recurrence of neurological decompression sickness (DCS) in scuba divers are not known and preventive measures designed to mitigate the risk of a subsequent episode remain empirical. The aim of this controlled study was to examine some potential risk factors predictive of recurrent DCS event that may lead to practical recommendations for divers who wish to continue diving after an initial episode. METHODS: Age, gender, diving experience, presence of a large right-to-left shunt (RLS) and diving practice following post-DCS resumption were evaluated as potential predictors of a further DCS in recreational divers admitted in our hyperbaric facility over a period of 12 years. RESULTS: Twenty-four recurrent cases and 50 divers treated for a single DCS episode which continued diving were recruited after review of medical forms and follow-up interview by telephone. After controlling for potential confounding variables between groups, multivariate analysis revealed that experienced divers (OR, 3.8; 95%CI, 1.1-14; P=0.03), the presence of large RLS (OR, 5.4; 95%CI, 1.5-19.7; P=0.006) and the lack of changes in the way of diving after prior DCS (OR, 8.4; 95%CI, 2.3-31.1; P=0.001) were independently associated with a repeated episode. CONCLUSION: The findings highlight the importance for divers to adopt conservative dives profiles or to use preferentially oxygen-enriched breathing mixtures after an initial DCS. Closure of a documented RLS through a large patent foramen ovale as a secondary preventive procedure for individuals that cannot adapt their diving practice remains debatable. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Gempp,E., Louge,P., Blatteau,J.E., Hugon,M. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
CTX-M-137, a hybrid of CTX-M-14-like and CTX-M-15-like beta-lactamases identified in an Escherichia coli clinical isolate	2014	Department of Immunology, Institute of Human Virology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, 74 Zhongshan 2nd Road, Guangzhou 510080, China Key Laboratory of Tropical Diseases Control (Sun Yat-sen University), Ministry of Education, Guangz	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy Periodical, Abbrev. J.Antimicrob.Chemother. Pub Date Free Form Aug Volume 69 Issue 8 Start Page 2081 Other Pages 2085 Notes CI: (c) The Author 2014; GENBANK/KF790923; JID: 7513617; 0 (Anti-Bacterial Agents); 0 (DNA, Bacterial); 0 (Mutant Chimeric Proteins); 23521W1S24 (Clavulanic Acid); 9M416Z9QNR (Ceftazidime); EC 3.5.2.- (beta-lactamase CTX-M-14); EC 3.5.2.- (beta-lactamase Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1460-2091; 0305-7453 Accession Number PMID: 24777903 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.1093/jac/dku126 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 24777903 Abstract OBJECTIVES: To characterize a novel CTX-M chimera, CTX-M-137, from Escherichia coli clinical isolates in China. METHODS: Isolates were collected from five hospitals between 22 February 2009 and 20 December 2011. Resistance genes were investigated by PCR. blaCTX-M-137 was cloned and purified for kinetic measurements. Conjugation experiments, S1-PFGE and Southern blotting were performed to study the plasmid harbouring blaCTX-M-137. The genetic environment of blaCTX-M-137 was determined by genomic cloning and sequencing. RESULTS: A total of 247 cephalosporin-resistant E. coli were identified. blaCTX-M group genes were the most prevalent extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) genes, with 71 isolates harbouring blaCTX-M-1 group genes and 137 isolates harbouring blaCTX-M-9 group genes. A novel chimera of CTX-M-14-like and CTX-M-15-like ESBLs, designated CTX-M-137, was identified from a 60-year-old man with a urinary tract infection. The N-terminus of CTX-M-137 matched CTX-M-14 and the C-terminus matched CTX-M-15. CTX-M-137 conferred resistance to ceftazidime, cefotaxime and aztreonam. Purified CTX-M-137 showed good hydrolytic activity against ceftazidime and cefotaxime, and was inhibited by clavulanic acid. The blaCTX-M-137 was carried on an approximately 83 kb IncI1 plasmid. blaCTX-M-137 was carried on a complete transposition unit ISEcp1-blaCTX-M-137-Deltaorf477 inserted into yagA, which is part of the IncI1 plasmid backbone. CONCLUSIONS: We identified a novel CTX-M chimera, CTX-M-137, with a CTX-M-14-like N-terminus and a CTX-M-15-like C-terminus. Our findings suggest an ongoing diversification of CTX-M-type ESBLs through recombination events. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher . Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the British Society for Antimicrobial Chemotherapy Data Source Authors Tian,G.B., Huang,Y.M., Fang,Z.L., Qing,Y., Zhang,X.F., Huang,X. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20140428 PMCID Editors
Forest encroachment into a Californian grassland: examining the simultaneous effects of facilitation and competition on tree seedling recruitment	2006	Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, 3060 VLSB #3140, Berkeley, CA, 94720-3140, USA. pkennedy@berkeley.edu	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Oecologia Periodical, Abbrev. Oecologia Pub Date Free Form Jun Volume 148 Issue 3 Start Page 464 Other Pages 474 Notes LR: 20151119; JID: 0150372; 0 (Soil); 059QF0KO0R (Water); 2005/08/17 [received]; 2006/01/25 [accepted]; 2006/04/07 [aheadofprint]; ppublish Place of Publication Germany ISSN/ISBN 0029-8549; 0029-8549 Accession Number PMID: 16496180 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.; IM DOI 10.1007/s00442-006-0382-7 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 16496180 Abstract Competition and facilitation are both considered major factors affecting the structure of plant assemblages, yet few studies have quantified positive, negative, and net effects simultaneously. In this study, we investigated the positive, negative, and net effects of tree saplings on the encroachment of two tree species, Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) and tanoak (Lithocarpus densiflora), into a coastal California grassland. The study involved three components: sampling the spatial distributions of P. menziesii and L. densiflora in the grasslands, a field experiment examining seedling survival in different grassland environments, and a greenhouse experiment examining the effects of soil moisture on early seedling performance. The field experiment was conducted over a 2-year period, using Pseudotsuga in 2002 and both species in 2003. Seedlings were separated into four treatment groups: those planted in open grassland, in shaded grassland, under artificial (plastic) conifer saplings, and under natural Pseudotsuga saplings. Air temperature, relative humidity, soil moisture, incident radiation levels and fog water inputs were measured for each treatment group in 2003. In the greenhouse experiment, Pseudotsuga and Lithocarpus seedlings were grown for 13 weeks in watering treatments simulating the summer soil moisture conditions of the open grasslands and under Pseudotsuga saplings. Surveys of naturally established seedlings found that Lithocarpus occurred only under Pseudotsuga saplings, while most Pseudotsuga seedlings were located near but not directly under conspecific saplings. In the field experiment, positive effects of tree saplings were much larger than negative effects, resulting in strong net facilitation of seedling establishment. Survival for both species was always higher under the plastic and live trees than in the open or shade plots. The primary mechanism facilitating seedling survival appeared to be increased soil moisture caused by input of fog precipitation coupled with reduced microsite evaporation. The greenhouse experiment further showed that soil moisture strongly affected seedling performance, with both species having much higher photosynthetic rates in the higher moisture treatment. In the lower moisture treatment, Pseudotsuga seedlings had higher photosynthetic rates and stomatal conductance than Lithocarpus, suggesting they may be able to better tolerate the environmental conditions found in the open grasslands. Our combined results suggest that rate and patterning of woody plant encroachment can be strongly influenced by facilitation and that fog precipitation may play a key role in plant interactions. Descriptors California, Ecosystem, Fagaceae/growth & development/physiology, Poaceae, Pseudotsuga/growth & development/physiology, Seedlings/growth & development/physiology, Soil, Trees/growth & development/physiology, Water/physiology Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Kennedy,P. G., Sousa,W. P. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20060407 PMCID Editors
Intrapulmonary shunt and SCUBA diving: another risk factor?	2015	Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Split School of Medicine, Split, Croatia.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Echocardiography (Mount Kisco, N.Y.) Periodical, Abbrev. Echocardiography Pub Date Free Form Feb Volume 32 Suppl 3 Issue Start Page S205 Other Pages 10 Notes CI: (c) 2015; JID: 8511187; OTO: NOTNLM; ppublish Place of Publication United States ISSN/ISBN 1540-8175; 0742-2822 Accession Number PMID: 25693625 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Review; IM DOI 10.1111/echo.12815 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 25693625 Abstract Laboratory and field investigations have demonstrated that intrapulmonary arteriovenous anastomoses (IPAVA) may provide an additional means for venous gas emboli (VGE) to cross over to the arterial circulation due to their larger diameter compared to pulmonary microcirculation. Once thought to be the primary cause of decompression sickness (DCS), it has been demonstrated that, even in large quantities, their presence does not always result in injury. Normally, VGE are trapped in the site of gas exchange in the lungs and eliminated via diffusion. When VGE crossover takes place in arterial circulation, they have the potential to cause more harm as they are redistributed to the brain, spinal column, and other sensitive tissues. The patent foramen ovale (PFO) was once thought to be the only risk factor for an increase in arterialization; however, IPAVAs represent another pathway for this crossover to occur. The opening of IPAVAs is associated with exercise and hypoxic gas mixtures, both of which divers may encounter. The goal of this review is to describe how IPAVAs may impact diving physiology, specifically during decompression, and what this means for the individual diver as well as the future of commercial and recreational diving. Future research must continue on the relationship between IPAVAs and the environmental and physiological circumstances that lead to their opening and closing, as well as how they may contribute to diving injuries such as DCS. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Wiley Periodicals, Inc Data Source Authors Madden,D., Ljubkovic,M., Dujic,Z. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors

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