WTS database | WHO FCTC

Title	Pub Year	Author Sort descending	SearchLink
Beliefs and Attitudes Associated With Hookah Smoking Among a United States College Population	2017	Department of Health Sciences and Human Performance, University of Tampa, Tampa, Florida. MMartinasek@ut.edu.; College of Nursing, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32610.; Department of Community and Family Health, University of South(TRUNCATED	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Respiratory care Periodical, Abbrev. Respir.Care Pub Date Free Form Mar Volume 62 Issue 3 Start Page 370 Other Pages 379 Notes LR: 20171011; CI: Copyright (c) 2017; JID: 7510357; OTO: NOTNLM; 2016/12/29 06:00 [pubmed]; 2017/10/12 06:00 [medline]; 2016/12/29 06:00 [entrez]; ppublish Place of Publication United States ISSN/ISBN 1943-3654; 0020-1324 Accession Number PMID: 28028190 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; IM DOI 10.4187/respcare.05069 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 28028190 Abstract BACKGROUND: This study explores the differences among smokers of waterpipe tobacco in a college population to better inform campaigns to curb waterpipe use. METHODS: Participants included undergraduate and graduate students attending a liberal arts university in Florida. E-mail-based, cross-sectional surveys were collected in 2 sequential years. RESULTS: The majority of respondents (64%) reported having ever smoked a hookah, even if just 1-2 puffs. Of those who had ever smoked a hookah, 34% reported smoking a hookah within the previous 30 d. Constructs from the theory of reasoned action were all correlated with smoking behavior. The range of beliefs endorsed by smokers were more strongly associated with hookah-related attitudes compared with subjective norms. Concerns about health were stronger among never-smokers. CONCLUSIONS: Young adult college students continue to engage in waterpipe tobacco smoking at high rates. Campaigns need to focus on subsets of smokers and nonsmokers, independently. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher by Daedalus Enterprises Data Source Authors Martinasek,M.P., Haddad,L.G., Wheldon,C.W., Barnett,T.E. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20161227 PMCID Editors
The Prevalence, Attitudes, and Correlates of Waterpipe Smoking Among High School Students in Iran: a Cross-Sectional Study	2016	Department of Health Sciences, Unit for Public Health Science, Mid Sweden University, Sundsvall, Sweden. Reza.Ziaei@miun.se.; Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Unit for Family Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden. Reza.Mo	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full International Journal of Behavioral Medicine Periodical, Abbrev. Int.J.Behav.Med. Pub Date Free Form 3-Mar Volume Issue Start Page Other Pages Notes LR: 20160305; JID: 9421097; OTO: NOTNLM; aheadofprint Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN 1532-7558; 1070-5503 Accession Number PMID: 26940816 Language ENG SubFile JOURNAL ARTICLE DOI 10.1007/s12529-016-9555-x [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 26940816 Abstract PURPOSE: The purpose of the present study was to determine the correlates of waterpipe (WP) smoking among 15-17-year-old high school students in Iran. METHOD: Data were collected using the Global Youth Tobacco Survey (GYTS), a self-administrated questionnaire distributed to a representative sample of high school students aged 15-17 in the city of Tabriz. Current WP smoking was defined as past 30-day use, and ever WP smoking was defined as at least one or two lifetime puffs. Differences in WP use, knowledge, and attitudes were analyzed using chi-square and Fisher exact tests. Binary logistic regression estimated the association between relevant independent variables (e.g., age) and the dependent variables (current/ever WP smoking). RESULTS: Of 1517 students, 21.6 % (95 % confidence interval [CI] = 19.5, 23.8) were ever WP smokers, and 9.7 % (95 % CI = 8.2, 11.2) were current WP smokers. Of current WP smokers, 40.3 % have stated that they want to stop smoking now. Moreover, 14.1 % of non-WP smokers reported that they might enjoy smoking WP. Of current WP smokers, 49.0 % have smoked at cafes. Additionally, 95.3 % of current WP smokers reported that their age did not prevent them from being served a WP. Studying in high school third grade (adjusted odds ratios (AORs) = 1.70; 95 % CI [1.10, 2.63]), experience of cigarette smoking (AORs = 1.57; 95 % CI [1.12, 2.20]), and being prepared to accept a WP offered by close friends (AORs = 3.31; 95 % CI [2.17, 5.04]) were independently associated with ever WP smoking, and accepting a WP offered by close friends (AORs = 4.36; 95 % CI [2.69, 7.07]) and gender (female) (AORs = 0.45; 95 % CI [0.30, 0.70] were independently associated with current WP smoking. CONCLUSION: Prevalence of current and ever WP smoking is high in Tabriz. There is an urgent need to design interventions in order to increase students' and their parents' awareness regarding the harmfulness of WP, and to establish legal measures to restrict adolescents' access to WPs and tobacco in society. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Ziaei,R., Mohammadi,R., Dastgiri,S., Viitasara,E., Rahimi,V.A., Jeddi,A., Soares,J. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20160303 PMCID Editors
How popular is waterpipe tobacco smoking? Findings from internet search queries	2015	Department of Health Services Policy and Management, Arnold School of Public Health University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, USA.; Department of Health Promotion, Education, and Behavior, Arnold School of Public Health University of South C	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Tobacco control Periodical, Abbrev. Tob.Control Pub Date Free Form Sep Volume 24 Issue 5 Start Page 509 Other Pages 513 Notes LR: 20150823; CI: Published by the BMJ Publishing Group Limited. For permission to use (where not already granted under a licence) please go to http://group.bmj.com/group/rights-licensing/permissions.; GR: R01 DA035160/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States; GR: R Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1468-3318; 0964-4563 Accession Number PMID: 25052859 Language eng SubFile Comparative Study; Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2014-051675 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 25052859 Abstract OBJECTIVES: Waterpipe tobacco smoking (WTS), a traditional tobacco consumption practice in the Middle East, is gaining popularity worldwide. Estimates of population-level interest in WTS over time are not documented. We assessed the popularity of WTS using World Wide Web search query results across four English-speaking countries. METHODS: We analysed trends in Google search queries related to WTS, comparing these trends with those for electronic cigarettes between 2004 and 2013 in Australia, Canada, the UK and the USA. Weekly search volumes were reported as percentages relative to the week with the highest volume of searches. RESULTS: Web-based searches for WTS have increased steadily since 2004 in all four countries. Search volume for WTS was higher than for e-cigarettes in three of the four nations, with the highest volume in the USA. Online searches were primarily targeted at WTS products for home use, followed by searches for WTS cafes/lounges. CONCLUSIONS: Online demand for information on WTS-related products and venues is large and increasing. Given the rise in WTS popularity, increasing evidence of exposure-related harms, and relatively lax government regulation, WTS is a serious public health concern and could reach epidemic levels in Western societies. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Salloum,R.G., Osman,A., Maziak,W., Thrasher,J.F. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20140722 PMCID PMC4420726 Editors
Factors associated with smoking frequency among current waterpipe smokers in the United States: Findings from the National College Health Assessment II	2015	Department of Health Services Policy and Management, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA; Department of Public Health and Informatics, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh.; Department of Health Ou	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Drug and alcohol dependence Periodical, Abbrev. Drug Alcohol Depend. Pub Date Free Form 1-Aug Volume 153 Issue Start Page 359 Other Pages 363 Notes LR: 20160801; CI: Copyright (c) 2015; GR: R01 DA035160/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States; GR: R01 DA035160/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States; JID: 7513587; NIHMS693785; OID: NLM: NIHMS693785; OID: NLM: PMC4821569; OTO: NOTNLM; 2015/03/04 [received]; 2015/05/02 [r Place of Publication Ireland ISSN/ISBN 1879-0046; 0376-8716 Accession Number PMID: 26036602 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; IM DOI 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2015.05.015 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 26036602 Abstract BACKGROUND: Some waterpipe smokers exhibit nicotine dependent behaviors such as increased use over time and inability to quit, placing them at high risk of adverse health outcomes. This study examines the determinants of dependence by measuring frequency of use among current waterpipe smokers using a large national U.S. METHODS: Data were drawn from four waves (Spring/Fall 2009 and Spring/Fall 2010) of the American College Health Association-National College Health Assessment datasets. The sample was restricted to students who smoked a waterpipe at least once in the past 30 days (N=19,323). Ordered logistic regression modeled the factors associated with higher frequency of waterpipe smoking. RESULTS: Among current waterpipe smokers, 6% used a waterpipe daily or almost daily (20-29 days). Daily cigarette smokers were at higher odds of smoking a waterpipe at higher frequencies compared with non-smokers of cigarettes (OR=1.81; 95% CI=1.61-2.04). There was a strong association between daily cigar smoking and higher frequency of waterpipe smoking (OR=7.77; 95% CI=5.49-11.02). Similarly, students who used marijuana had higher odds of smoking a waterpipe at higher frequencies (OR=1.57; 95% CI=1.37-1.81). CONCLUSIONS: Daily consumers of other addictive substances are at a higher risk of intensive waterpipe smoking and thus higher risk of waterpipe dependence. Intervention programs must incorporate methods to reduce waterpipe dependence and subsequently prevent its deleterious health effects. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Elsevier Ireland Ltd Data Source Authors Haider,M.R., Salloum,R.G., Islam,F., Ortiz,K.S., Kates,F.R., Maziak,W. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20150521 PMCID PMC4821569 Editors
Water pipe tobacco smoking in the United States: findings from the National Adult Tobacco Survey	2015	Department of Health Services Policy and Management, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA. Electronic address: rsalloum@sc.edu.; Department of Health Promotion, Education, and Behavior, Arnold School of Public He	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Preventive medicine Periodical, Abbrev. Prev.Med. Pub Date Free Form Feb Volume 71 Issue Start Page 88 Other Pages 93 Notes LR: 20160202; CI: Copyright (c) 2014; GR: R01 DA035160/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States; JID: 0322116; 059QF0KO0R (Water); NIHMS651207; OID: NLM: NIHMS651207; OID: NLM: PMC4423406; OTO: NOTNLM; 2014/07/02 [received]; 2014/12/08 [revised]; 2014/12/12 [accepte Place of Publication United States ISSN/ISBN 1096-0260; 0091-7435 Accession Number PMID: 25535678 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; IM DOI 10.1016/j.ypmed.2014.12.012 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 25535678 Abstract OBJECTIVE: To report prevalence and correlates of water pipe tobacco smoking (WTS) use among U.S. adults. METHODS: Data were from the 2009-2010 National Adult Tobacco Survey, a nationally representative sample of U.S. adults. Estimates of WTS ever and current use were reported overall, and by sex, age, race/ethnicity, educational attainment, annual household income, sexual orientation, and cigarette smoking status. State-level prevalence rates of WTS ever were reported using choropleth thematic maps for the overall population and by sex. RESULTS: The national prevalence of WTS ever was 9.8% and 1.5% for current use. WTS ever was more prevalent among those who are male (13.4%), 18-24 years old (28.4%) compared to older adults, non-Hispanic White (9.8%) compared to non-Hispanic Black, with some college education (12.4%) compared to no high school diploma, and reporting sexual minority status (21.1%) compared to heterosexuals. States with highest prevalence included DC (17.3%), NV (15.8%), and CA (15.5%). CONCLUSION: WTS is now common among young adults in the US and high in regions where cigarette smoking prevalence is the lowest and smoke-free policies have a longer history. To reduce its use, WTS should be included in smoke-free regulations and state and federal regulators should consider policy development in other areas, including taxes, labeling, and distribution. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Elsevier Inc Data Source Authors Salloum,R.G., Thrasher,J.F., Kates,F.R., Maziak,W. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20141220 PMCID PMC4423406 Editors
Geographic Proximity of Waterpipe Smoking Establishments to Colleges in the U.S	2016	Department of Health Services Research, Management and Policy, College of Public Health and Health Professions, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida.; Department of Health Outcomes and Policy, Institute for Child Health Policy, University of Florid	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full American Journal of Preventive Medicine Periodical, Abbrev. Am.J.Prev.Med. Pub Date Free Form Jan Volume 50 Issue 1 Start Page e9 Other Pages e14 Notes LR: 20160406; CI: Copyright (c) 2016; GR: R01 DA035160/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States; JID: 8704773; NIHMS721380; OID: NLM: NIHMS721380 [Available on 01/01/17]; OID: NLM: PMC4821570 [Available on 01/01/17]; PMCR: 2017/01/01 00:00; 2015/03/26 [received]; 20 Place of Publication Netherlands ISSN/ISBN 1873-2607; 0749-3797 Accession Number PMID: 26346294 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.1016/j.amepre.2015.07.006 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 26346294 Abstract INTRODUCTION: Waterpipe tobacco smoking is prevalent among college students in the U.S. and increasing in popularity. Waterpipe smoking establishments are almost completely unregulated, and limited information exists documenting the expansion of this industry. The objective of this study was to identify U.S.-based waterpipe establishments and measure their proximity to colleges/universities. METHODS: Waterpipe establishments and their addresses were compiled using five Internet-based directories during 2014 and analyzed in 2015. Addresses were geocoded and overlaid on a U.S. map of accredited colleges/universities. Proximity of colleges/universities to the nearest waterpipe establishment was measured in 3-mile increments. Multinomial logistic regression was used to model the factors associated with proximity of waterpipe establishments to colleges/universities. RESULTS: A total of 1,690 waterpipe establishments and 1,454 colleges/universities were included in the study. Overall, 554 colleges/universities (38.1%) were within 3 miles of a waterpipe establishment. Proximity of waterpipe establishments to colleges/universities was associated with higher full-time student enrollment. Public colleges/universities and those with a smoke-free campus policy were at lower odds of having waterpipe establishments within 3 miles of their campuses. CONCLUSIONS: Waterpipe smoking establishments are more likely to be located near large colleges/universities. This study should inform initiatives aimed at reducing retail tobacco establishment exemptions. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher American Journal of Preventive Medicine. Published by Elsevier Inc Data Source Authors Kates,F.R., Salloum,R.G., Thrasher,J.F., Islam,F., Fleischer,N.L., Maziak,W. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20150904 PMCID PMC4821570 Editors
Socio-economic status and smoking in Canada, 1999-2006: has there been any progress on disparities in tobacco use?	2010	Department of Health Studies & Gerontology, University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave. W., Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1. jl3reid@uwaterloo.ca	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Canadian journal of public health = Revue canadienne de sante publique Periodical, Abbrev. Can.J.Public Health Pub Date Free Form Jan-Feb Volume 101 Issue 1 Start Page 73 Other Pages 78 Notes LR: 20130605; GR: Canadian Institutes of Health Research/Canada; JID: 0372714; ppublish Place of Publication Canada ISSN/ISBN 0008-4263; 0008-4263 Accession Number PMID: 20364543 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 20364543 Abstract OBJECTIVES: Comprehensive tobacco control policies implemented in Canada have succeeded in lowering overall smoking prevalence; however, the extent to which they have impacted socio-economic disparities in tobacco use is not known. This study examined smoking rates and related measures across socio-economic groups over a 7-year period in Canada. METHODS: Regression analyses tested associations between smoking-related outcomes (prevalence, frequency, consumption, quit intentions and attempts, quit ratios), education level and time, using data from adults 25 years and older who completed the 1999 to 2006 waves of the Canadian Tobacco Use Monitoring Survey (CTUMS), a repeated cross-sectional survey with nationally representative samples (n = 86,971). RESULTS: Between 1999 and 2006, smoking prevalence, daily smoking, and cigarette consumption decreased, while the proportion of smokers who planned to quit increased, as did the proportion of ever-smokers who had quit. However, significant educational differences were observed: Canadians with less education had greater odds of current smoking (prevalence approximately doubled between the most and least educated groups) and daily smoking, and consumed more cigarettes, compared to university graduates. Highly-educated ever-smokers were also more likely to have quit smoking. These disparities remained stable over the time period studied. Intentions and attempts to quit were not consistently associated with education. CONCLUSIONS: The decline in smoking among Canadians between 1999 and 2006 represents a major public health achievement. However, considerable smoking-related disparities exist between socio-economic groups, and have changed very little. Therefore, while recent programs and policies have succeeded in reducing overall tobacco use, they have not addressed socio-economic disparities. Descriptors Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Canada/epidemiology, Cross-Sectional Studies, Female, Health Policy, Health Status Disparities, Health Surveys, Humans, Logistic Models, Male, Middle Aged, Prevalence, Public Health, Risk Factors, Smoking/epidemiology/prevention & control, Smoking Cessation/statistics & numerical data, Social Class Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Reid,J. L., Hammond,D., Driezen,P. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Cigar, cigarillo, and little cigar use among Canadian youth: are we underestimating the magnitude of this problem?	2011	Department of Health Studies and Gerontology, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada. sleather@uwaterloo.ca	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full The journal of primary prevention Periodical, Abbrev. J.Prim.Prev. Pub Date Free Form Aug Volume 32 Issue 4-Mar Start Page 161 Other Pages 170 Notes JID: 8213457; ppublish Place of Publication Netherlands ISSN/ISBN 1573-6547; 0278-095X Accession Number PMID: 21809109 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.1007/s10935-011-0248-6 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 21809109 Abstract Data from 29,296 students in grades 9-12 as part of the 2008-2009 Youth Smoking Survey were used to examine the prevalence of cigar, cigarillo, and little cigar use and factors associated with their use. Among Canadian youth in grades 9-12, 12.9% reported current use of cigarillos or little cigars, and 8.1% reported current use of cigars. The characteristics of youth most likely to use either cigars or cigarillos and little cigars were being male, being in grade 11 or 12, being a daily or occasional cigarette smoker, having more than $20 of weekly spending money, and having ever tried flavored tobacco. Our findings suggest that cigars, cigarillos, and little cigars are used by a substantial number of Canadian youth, many of whom do not smoke cigarettes. As such, current national prevalence estimates of youth smoking may be underestimated, and existing tobacco control prevention programs and policies may be overlooking a large population of at-risk youth. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Leatherdale,S.T., Rios,P., Elton-Marshall,T., Burkhalter,R. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Bidi and hookah use among Canadian youth: an examination of data from the 2006 Canadian Youth Smoking Survey	2011	Department of Health Studies and Gerontology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full The Journal of adolescent health : official publication of the Society for Adolescent Medicine Periodical, Abbrev. J.Adolesc.Health Pub Date Free Form Jul Volume 49 Issue 1 Start Page 102 Other Pages 104 Notes LR: 20131121; CI: Copyright (c) 2011; JID: 9102136; 059QF0KO0R (Water); 2010/05/25 [received]; 2010/11/16 [revised]; 2010/11/17 [accepted]; 2011/03/12 [aheadofprint]; ppublish Place of Publication United States ISSN/ISBN 1879-1972; 1054-139X Accession Number PMID: 21700168 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2010.11.250 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 21700168 Abstract PURPOSE: To examine the prevalence and associated factors of bidi and hookah use among Canadian youth. METHODS: Data from 41,886 grade 7 to 12 youth were used to examine factors associated with bidi and hookah use. RESULTS: Youth who are current or former cigarette smokers, have tried marijuana or alcohol, were more likely to use bidi or hookah. CONCLUSIONS: Results suggest bidi and hookah use may be an emerging issue in tobacco control among youth. Findings also support an integrated approach where future prevention efforts should address multiple risk behaviors. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Society for Adolescent Health and Medicine. Published by Elsevier Inc Data Source Authors Chan,W.C., Leatherdale,S.T., Burkhalter,R., Ahmed,R. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20110312 PMCID Editors
Socioeconomic disparities in quit intentions, quit attempts, and smoking abstinence among smokers in four western countries: findings from the International Tobacco Control Four Country Survey	2010	Department of Health Studies and Gerontology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada. jl3reid@uwaterloo.ca	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco Periodical, Abbrev. Nicotine Tob.Res. Pub Date Free Form Oct Volume 12 Suppl Issue Start Page S20 Other Pages 33 Notes LR: 20141202; GR: 57897/Canadian Institutes of Health Research/Canada; GR: 79551/Canadian Institutes of Health Research/Canada; GR: C312/A3726/Cancer Research UK/United Kingdom; GR: P50 CA111236/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States; GR: R01 CA 100362/CA/NCI NIH H Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1469-994X; 1462-2203 Accession Number PMID: 20889477 Language eng SubFile Comparative Study; Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.1093/ntr/ntq051 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 20889477 Abstract INTRODUCTION: Lower socioeconomic status (SES) groups have higher rates of tobacco use, are less likely to successfully quit, and may also be less likely to intend or attempt to quit. However, results are inconsistent for some outcomes, and little is known about how socioeconomic disparities vary across countries and over time. METHODS: This study examined the associations between SES and quitting-related behaviors among representative samples of smokers in Canada, the United States, the United Kingdom, and Australia, using data from the first five waves (2002-2006/2007) of the International Tobacco Control Four Country Survey (35,532 observations from 16,458 respondents). Generalized estimating equations modeling was used to examine whether education and income were related to intentions to quit, incidence of quit attempts, and smoking abstinence. Potential differences in the associations over time and across countries were also considered. RESULTS: Smokers with higher education were more likely to intend to quit, to make a quit attempt, and to be abstinent for at least 1 and 6 months; smokers with higher income were more likely to intend to quit and to be abstinent for at least 1 month. Some between-country differences were observed: U.K. and U.S. smokers were less likely to intend to quit than Australians and Canadians; and, although U.K. respondents were least likely to attempt to quit, those that did were more likely to be abstinent. DISCUSSION: The results suggest that socioeconomic disparities exist at multiple stages in the path to smoking cessation. Potential effects on socioeconomic disparities should be considered when implementing cessation interventions. Descriptors Adult, Attitude to Health, Australia/epidemiology, Canada/epidemiology, Female, Great Britain/epidemiology, Humans, International Cooperation, Male, Middle Aged, Motivation, Multivariate Analysis, Population Surveillance, Poverty/statistics & numerical data, Secondary Prevention, Self Efficacy, Smoking/economics/epidemiology/psychology, Smoking Cessation/economics/psychology/statistics & numerical data, Socioeconomic Factors, Tobacco Use Disorder/economics/epidemiology/psychology, United States/epidemiology, Young Adult Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Reid,J. L., Hammond,D., Boudreau,C., Fong,G. T., Siahpush,M., ITC Collaboration Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID PMC2948137 Editors

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