WTS database

Title	Pub Year	Author	SearchLink Sort descending
Symptoms of nicotine dependence in a cohort of Swedish youths: a comparison between smokers, smokeless tobacco users and dual tobacco users	2010	Department of Public Health Sciences, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden. ann.post@ki.se	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Addiction (Abingdon, England) Periodical, Abbrev. Addiction Pub Date Free Form Apr Volume 105 Issue 4 Start Page 740 Other Pages 746 Notes JID: 9304118; CIN: Addiction. 2010 Apr;105(4):747-8. PMID: 20403023; 2010/02/09 [aheadofprint]; ppublish Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1360-0443; 0965-2140 Accession Number PMID: 20148785 Language eng SubFile Comparative Study; Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.1111/j.1360-0443.2009.02852.x [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 20148785 Abstract AIMS: To determine whether symptoms of nicotine dependence, addiction and withdrawal symptoms differ between exclusive smokers, exclusive snus (moist snuff) users and dual users. DESIGN: A cross-sectional survey of a cohort subsample. Setting County of Stockholm, Sweden. PARTICIPANTS: Current exclusive smokers (n = 466), exclusive snus users (n = 209) and dual users (n = 144), mean age 17.6 years. MEASUREMENTS: Self-reported life-time experience of nicotine dependence and withdrawal symptoms in periods of discontinued tobacco use. Selected items from the modified Fagerstom Tolerance Questionnaire (mFTQ), the Hooked on Nicotine Checklist (HONC) and the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). FINDINGS: The odds ratio of endorsing each of four mFTQ items as well as the HONC item investigating the risk of feeling addicted to tobacco was two to five-fold higher for exclusive snus users and for dual users compared to exclusive smokers. One DSM-IV item (difficult to refrain from use) was elevated among dual users compared to smokers. Dual users reported the highest prevalence of any withdrawal symptom in contrast to exclusive snus users, who reported a lower risk of withdrawal symptoms compared to exclusive smokers. CONCLUSIONS: Smokeless tobacco users show symptoms of nicotine dependence at least as frequently as cigarette smokers. Symptoms of nicotine dependence and of withdrawal during quit attempts are particularly frequent in the subgroup of users who combine smokeless tobacco with smoking. Descriptors Adolescent, Behavior, Addictive/epidemiology, Child, Cohort Studies, Cross-Sectional Studies, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Female, Humans, Male, Smoking/epidemiology, Smoking Cessation/statistics & numerical data, Socioeconomic Factors, Substance Withdrawal Syndrome/epidemiology, Sweden/epidemiology, Tobacco Use Disorder/epidemiology, Tobacco, Smokeless/adverse effects Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Post,A., Gilljam,H., Rosendahl,I., Bremberg,S., Galanti,M. R. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20100209 PMCID Editors
Shear bond strength of bonding to enamel with different laser irradiation distances	2011	Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Orthodontics, Dicle University, 21280, Diyarbakir, Turkey. basaran@dicle.edu.tr	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Lasers in medical science Periodical, Abbrev. Lasers Med.Sci. Pub Date Free Form Mar Volume 26 Issue 2 Start Page 149 Other Pages 156 Notes LR: 20121115; JID: 8611515; 0 (Dental Materials); 0 (Phosphoric Acids); E4GA8884NN (phosphoric acid); 2009/04/16 [received]; 2009/11/23 [accepted]; 2010/02/12 [aheadofprint]; ppublish Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1435-604X; 0268-8921 Accession Number PMID: 20151169 Language eng SubFile Comparative Study; Journal Article; IM DOI 10.1007/s10103-009-0747-3 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 20151169 Abstract The aim of this study was to investigate the shear bond strength of bonding to enamel following laser etching with the Er:YAG or Er,Cr:YSGG laser using different irradiation distances. Of 99 extracted human premolar teeth, 90 were divided equally into nine groups. In the control group (group A) the teeth were etched with 38% phosphoric acid. In the laser groups (groups B-I) the enamel surface of the teeth was laser-irradiated, groups B-E with the Er:YAG laser and groups F-I with the Er,Cr:YSGG laser at distances of 1, 2, 4 and 6 mm, respectively. The shear bond strengths were tested using a universal testing machine. The shear bond strengths associated with the Er:YAG laser at 4 and 6 mm and the Er,Cr:YSGG laser at 2, 4 and 6 mm were significantly less than the strengths obtained with the other irradiation distances (p0.05). This finding was confirmed by scanning electron microscopy examination. Irradiation distance did influence the strength of adhesion to enamel. The mean shear bond strengths and enamel surface etching obtained with the Er:YAG laser at 1 and 2 mm and the Er,Cr:YSGG laser at 1 mm were comparable to that obtained with acid etching. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Basaran,G., Hamamci,N., Akkurt,A. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20100212 PMCID Editors
A novel TiO2 nanotube array/Ti wire incorporated solid-phase microextraction fiber with high strength, efficiency and selectivity	2010	Key Laboratory for Natural Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 18 Tianshui Road, Lanzhou 730000, China.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Journal of chromatography.A Periodical, Abbrev. J.Chromatogr.A Pub Date Free Form 19-Mar Volume 1217 Issue 12 Start Page 1898 Other Pages 1903 Notes LR: 20131121; CI: Copyright 2010; JID: 9318488; 0 (Alkanes); 0 (Polycyclic Hydrocarbons, Aromatic); 059QF0KO0R (Water); 15FIX9V2JP (titanium dioxide); D1JT611TNE (Titanium); 2009/12/04 [received]; 2010/01/21 [revised]; 2010/01/27 [accepted]; 2010/02/02 [a Place of Publication Netherlands ISSN/ISBN 1873-3778; 0021-9673 Accession Number PMID: 20153861 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.1016/j.chroma.2010.01.080 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 20153861 Abstract A novel solid-phase microextraction (SPME) fiber is fabricated through the anodization of Ti wire substrates in an electrolyte containing ethylene glycol and NH(4)F. By a combination of field emission scanning electron microscope and X-ray photoelectron spectroscope studies, it is shown that perpendicularly orientated and well-aligned TiO(2) nanotubes are grown in situ on the Ti wire substrate. The SPME fiber coupled with gas chromatograph (GC) is then used to extract polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), anilines, phenols, and alkanes from standard and real water samples, and exhibits high selectivity for PAHs. After the optimization of adsorption factors (pH, ionic strength, time and temperature) and desorption factors (time and temperature) of the SPME fiber for PAHs, the limit of detection (LOD) of less than 0.1 microg L(-1) is achieved, and the calibration curves are all linear (R(2)> or =0.9898) in the range from 0.1 to 1000 microg L(-1). Beyond that, the SPME fiber has high strength, large surface area, good stability at high temperature and in acid and alkali solutions, and long service life, making it have strong application potentials in the selective extraction of PAHs from complex samples at trace levels. Descriptors Adsorption, Alkanes/isolation & purification, Chromatography, Gas, Electrodes, Limit of Detection, Nanotubes/chemistry/ultrastructure, Osmolar Concentration, Photoelectron Spectroscopy, Polycyclic Hydrocarbons, Aromatic/isolation & purification, Solid Phase Microextraction/instrumentation, Surface Properties, Temperature, Time Factors, Titanium/chemistry, Water/chemistry Links Book Title Database Publisher Elsevier B.V Data Source Authors Liu,H., Wang,D., Ji,L., Li,J., Liu,S., Liu,X., Jiang,S. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20100202 PMCID Editors
Metabolic syndrome and angiographic coronary artery disease prevalence in association with the Framingham risk score	2010	First Cardiology Department, AHEPA University Hospital, Aristotle University Medical School, Thessaloniki, Greece.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Metabolic syndrome and related disorders Periodical, Abbrev. Metab.Syndr.Relat.Disord. Pub Date Free Form Jun Volume 8 Issue 3 Start Page 201 Other Pages 208 Notes JID: 101150318; ppublish Place of Publication United States ISSN/ISBN 1557-8518; 1540-4196 Accession Number PMID: 20156070 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; IM DOI 10.1089/met.2009.0059 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 20156070 Abstract BACKGROUND: The association of metabolic syndrome with coronary artery disease (CAD) has been studied extensively. However, little is known about the effect of Framingham risk score (FRS) and metabolic syndrome components on the association of metabolic syndrome with angiographically significant CAD. Our aim was to investigate whether that relationship is influenced by individual's 10-year CAD risk profile as assessed by FRS. Furthermore, we sought to elucidate whether metabolic syndrome is associated with angiographically significant CAD independently of its individual components. METHODS: We studied a consecutive sample of 150 patients undergoing coronary angiography for the evaluation of chest pain. Metabolic syndrome was defined according to the revised National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III (NCEP ATP III) criteria, and the 10-year CAD risk was estimated by the FRS. RESULTS: Metabolic syndrome patients had a 2-fold higher CAD prevalence compared to those without metabolic syndrome [odds ratio (OR), 2.004; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.029-3.905] but this finding was attenuated after adjustment for FRS (OR, 1.770; 95% CI, 0.872-3.594). Stratification of patients into three groups according to FRS revealed that metabolic syndrome predictive ability was confined in those being at <10% 10-year CAD risk. Including metabolic syndrome and its individual components into the same logistic regression model, only the glucose criterion was an independent predictor of angiographically significant CAD (OR, 4.137; 95% CI, 1.477-11.583). CONCLUSIONS: Metabolic syndrome is an independent determinant of angiographically significant CAD only among those individuals at low 10-year risk for future coronary events. Individual components of the syndrome, such as impaired fasting glucose, have a stronger association with CAD than the syndrome as a whole. Descriptors Aged, Chi-Square Distribution, Coronary Angiography, Coronary Artery Disease/epidemiology/etiology/radiography, Cross-Sectional Studies, Female, Greece/epidemiology, Humans, Logistic Models, Male, Metabolic Syndrome X/complications/diagnosis/epidemiology, Middle Aged, Odds Ratio, Prevalence, Risk Assessment, Risk Factors, Severity of Illness Index, Time Factors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Konstantinou,D. M., Chatzizisis,Y. S., Louridas,G. E., Giannoglou,G. D. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Updating the minimal important difference for six-minute walk distance in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease	2010	School of Physiotherapy, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia. a.holland@alfred.org.au	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Periodical, Abbrev. Arch.Phys.Med.Rehabil. Pub Date Free Form Feb Volume 91 Issue 2 Start Page 221 Other Pages 225 Notes LR: 20101118; CI: Copyright 2010; JID: 2985158R; 2009/08/05 [received]; 2009/10/12 [revised]; 2009/10/19 [accepted]; ppublish Place of Publication United States ISSN/ISBN 1532-821X; 0003-9993 Accession Number PMID: 20159125 Language eng SubFile Controlled Clinical Trial; Journal Article; AIM; IM DOI 10.1016/j.apmr.2009.10.017 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 20159125 Abstract OBJECTIVE: To establish the minimal important difference (MID) for the six-minute walk distance (6MWD) in persons with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). DESIGN: Analysis of data from an observational study using distribution- and anchor-based methods to determine the MID in 6MWD. SETTING: Outpatient pulmonary rehabilitation program at 2 teaching hospitals. PARTICIPANTS: Seventy-five patients with COPD (44 men) in a stable clinical state with mean age 70 years (SD 9 y), forced expiratory volume in one second 52% (SD 21%) predicted and baseline walking distance 359 meters (SD 104 m). INTERVENTIONS: Not applicable. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Participants completed the six-minute walk test before and after a 7-week pulmonary rehabilitation program. Participants and clinicians completed a global rating of change score while blinded to the change in 6MWD. RESULTS: The mean change in 6MWD in participants who reported themselves to be unchanged was 17.7 meters, compared with 60.2 meters in those who reported small change and 78.4 meters in those who reported substantial change (P=.004). Anchor-based methods identified an MID of 25 meters (95% confidence interval 20-61 m). There was excellent agreement with distribution-based methods (25.5-26.5m, kappa=.95). A change in 6MWD of 14% compared with baseline also represented a clinically important effect; this threshold was less sensitive than for absolute change (sensitivity .70 vs .85). CONCLUSIONS: The MID for 6MWD in COPD is 25 meters. Absolute change in 6MWD is a more sensitive indicator than percentage change from baseline. These data support the use of 6MWD as a patient-important outcome in research and clinical practice. Descriptors Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Cohort Studies, Exercise Test, Exercise Tolerance/physiology, Female, Forced Expiratory Volume, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Outcome Assessment (Health Care), Predictive Value of Tests, Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/physiopathology/rehabilitation, Self-Assessment, Walking/physiology Links Book Title Database Publisher American Congress of Rehabilitation Medicine. Published by Elsevier Inc Data Source Authors Holland,A. E., Hill,C. J., Rasekaba,T., Lee,A., Naughton,M. T., McDonald,C. F. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Measurement of fine particles and smoking activity in a statewide survey of 36 California Indian casinos	2011	Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Journal of exposure science & environmental epidemiology Periodical, Abbrev. J.Expo.Sci.Environ.Epidemiol. Pub Date Free Form Jan-Feb Volume 21 Issue 1 Start Page 31 Other Pages 41 Notes LR: 20141204; JID: 101262796; 0 (Air Pollutants); 0 (Particulate Matter); 0 (Tobacco Smoke Pollution); OID: NLM: PMC3007589; 2010/02/17 [aheadofprint]; ppublish Place of Publication United States ISSN/ISBN 1559-064X; 1559-0631 Accession Number PMID: 20160761 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.1038/jes.2009.75 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 20160761 Abstract Despite California's 1994 statewide smoking ban, exposure to secondhand smoke (SHS) continues in California's Indian casinos. Few data are available on exposure to airborne fine particles (PM(2).(5)) in casinos, especially on a statewide basis. We sought to measure PM(2).(5) concentrations in Indian casinos widely distributed across California, exploring differences due to casino size, separation of smoking and non-smoking areas, and area smoker density. A selection of 36 out of the 58 Indian casinos throughout California were each visited for 1-3 h on weekend or holiday evenings, using two or more concealed monitors to measure PM(2).(5) concentrations every 10 s. For each casino, the physical dimensions and the number of patrons and smokers were estimated. As a preliminary assessment of representativeness, we also measured eight casinos in Reno, NV. The average PM(2).(5) concentration for the smoking slot machine areas (63 mug/m(3)) was nine times as high as outdoors (7 mug/m(3)), whereas casino non-smoking restaurants (29 mug/m(3)) were four times as high. Levels in non-smoking slot machine areas varied: complete physical separation reduced concentrations almost to outdoor levels, but two other separation types had mean levels that were 13 and 29 mug/m(3), respectively, higher than outdoors. Elevated PM(2).(5) concentrations in casinos can be attributed primarily to SHS. Average PM(2).(5) concentrations during 0.5-1 h visits to smoking areas exceeded 35 mug/m(3) for 90% of the casino visits. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Jiang,R.T., Cheng,K.C., Acevedo-Bolton,V., Klepeis,N.E., Repace,J.L., Ott,W.R., Hildemann,L.M. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20100217 PMCID PMC3007589 Editors
Comparison of carcinogen, carbon monoxide, and ultrafine particle emissions from narghile waterpipe and cigarette smoking: Sidestream smoke measurements and assessment of second-hand smoke emission factors	2010	Aerosol Research Lab, Mechanical Engineering Department, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1107 2020, Lebanon.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Atmospheric environment (Oxford, England : 1994) Periodical, Abbrev. Atmos.Environ.(1994) Pub Date Free Form 1-Jan Volume 44 Issue 1 Start Page 8 Other Pages 14 Notes GR: R01 CA120142/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States; GR: R01 CA120142-02/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States; JID: 9888534; NIHMS155344; ppublish Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN 1352-2310; 1352-2310 Accession Number PMID: 20161525 Language ENG SubFile JOURNAL ARTICLE DOI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2009.10.004 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 20161525 Abstract The lack of scientific evidence on the constituents, properties, and health effects of second-hand waterpipe smoke has fueled controversy over whether public smoking bans should include the waterpipe. The purpose of this study was to investigate and compare emissions of ultrafine particles (UFP, <100 nm), carcinogenic polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), volatile aldehydes, and carbon monoxide (CO) for cigarettes and narghile (shisha, hookah) waterpipes. These smoke constituents are associated with a variety of cancers, and heart and pulmonary diseases, and span the volatility range found in tobacco smoke.Sidestream cigarette and waterpipe smoke was captured and aged in a 1 m(3) Teflon-coated chamber operating at 1.5 air changes per hour (ACH). The chamber was characterized for particle mass and number surface deposition rates. UFP and CO concentrations were measured online using a fast particle spectrometer (TSI 3090 Engine Exhaust Particle Sizer), and an indoor air quality monitor. Particulate PAH and gaseous volatile aldehydes were captured on glass fiber filters and DNPH-coated SPE cartridges, respectively, and analyzed off-line using GC-MS and HPLC-MS. PAH compounds quantified were the 5- and 6-ring compounds of the EPA priority list. Measured aldehydes consisted of formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, acrolein, methacrolein, and propionaldehyde.We found that a single waterpipe use session emits in the sidestream smoke approximately four times the carcinogenic PAH, four times the volatile aldehydes, and 30 times the CO of a single cigarette. Accounting for exhaled mainstream smoke, and given a habitual smoker smoking rate of 2 cigarettes per hour, during a typical one-hour waterpipe use session a waterpipe smoker likely generates ambient carcinogens and toxicants equivalent to 2-10 cigarette smokers, depending on the compound in question. There is therefore good reason to include waterpipe tobacco smoking in public smoking bans. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Daher,N., Saleh,R., Jaroudi,E., Sheheitli,H., Badr,T., Sepetdjian,E., Al Rashidi,M., Saliba,N., Shihadeh,A. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID PMC2801144 Editors
Identification of lactic acid bacteria associated with the production of plaa-som, a traditional fermented fish product of Thailand	2010	Graduate School, Department of Biotechnology, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full International journal of food microbiology Periodical, Abbrev. Int.J.Food Microbiol. Pub Date Free Form 15-Apr Volume 138 Issue 3 Start Page 200 Other Pages 204 Notes CI: (c) 2009; JID: 8412849; 0 (DNA, Bacterial); 0 (DNA, Ribosomal); 0 (RNA, Ribosomal, 16S); 2008/06/24 [received]; 2009/12/31 [revised]; 2010/01/17 [accepted]; 2010/01/28 [aheadofprint]; ppublish Place of Publication Netherlands ISSN/ISBN 1879-3460; 0168-1605 Accession Number PMID: 20167386 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2010.01.024 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 20167386 Abstract Plaa-som is a Thai fermented fish product for which whole fish or fish fillets are fermented with either cooked rice or steamed sticky rice, salt, and garlic. A total of 762 lactic acid bacteria (LAB) were isolated during plaa-som fermentation by culture on CaCO(3)-MRS agar plates. They were screened and grouped by amplified ribosomal DNA restriction analysis (ARDRA), giving six groups that were identified by ribosomal DNA sequencing as Lactococcus garvieae, Streptococcus bovis, Weissella cibaria, Pediococcus pentosaceus, Lactobacillus plantarum, and Lactobacillus fermentum. Freshly mixed ingredients contained low populations of LAB (less than 10 CFU/g) that subsequently grew during fermentation to final populations of approximately 10(7)CFU/g. Early stages of the process were dominated by the presence of Lc. garvieae, S. bovis, and W. cibaria. At 48 h into fermentation, W. cibaria, P. pentosaceus, and Lb. plantarum were prevalent, and gave way to a dominance of Lb. plantarum that completed the fermentation. A mixture of these LAB species could be considered as species for development of a starter culture for plaa-som fermentation. Descriptors Base Sequence, Colony Count, Microbial, DNA, Bacterial/isolation & purification, DNA, Ribosomal/analysis, Fermentation, Fish Products/microbiology, Food Microbiology, Lactobacillaceae/genetics/growth & development/isolation & purification, RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/analysis, Thailand Links Book Title Database Publisher Elsevier B.V Data Source Authors Kopermsub,P., Yunchalard,S. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20100128 PMCID Editors
UK smoke-free legislation: changes in PM2.5 concentrations in bars in Scotland, England, and Wales	2010	Scottish Centre for Indoor Air, Liberty Safe Work Research Centre, Population Health Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB25 2ZP, UK. sean.semple@abdn.ac.uk	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full The Annals of Occupational Hygiene Periodical, Abbrev. Ann.Occup.Hyg. Pub Date Free Form Apr Volume 54 Issue 3 Start Page 272 Other Pages 280 Notes LR: 20140730; GR: Department of Health/United Kingdom; JID: 0203526; 0 (Particulate Matter); 0 (Tobacco Smoke Pollution); 2010/02/19 [aheadofprint]; 2010/03/01 [aheadofprint]; 2010/03/02 [aheadofprint]; ppublish Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1475-3162; 0003-4878 Accession Number PMID: 20172917 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.1093/annhyg/mep094 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 20172917 Abstract OBJECTIVE: Evaluate the effect of smoke-free legislation on fine particulate [particulate matter <2.5 microm in diameter (PM(2.5))] air pollution levels in bars in Scotland, England, and Wales. DESIGN: Air quality was measured in 106 randomly selected bars in Scotland, England, and Wales before and after the introduction of smoking restrictions. METHODS: PM(2.5) concentrations were measured covertly for 30-min periods before smoke-free legislation was introduced, again at 1-2 months post-ban (except Wales) and then at 12-months post-baseline (except Scotland). In Scotland and England, overt measurements were carried out to assess bar workers' full-shift personal exposures to PM(2.5). Postcode data were used to determine socio-economic status of the bar location. RESULTS: PM(2.5) levels prior to smoke-free legislation were highest in Scotland (median 197 microg m(-3)), followed by Wales (median 184 microg m(-3)) and England (median 92 microg m(-3)). All three countries experienced a substantial reduction in PM(2.5) concentrations following the introduction of the legislation with the median reduction ranging from 84 to 93%. Personal exposure reductions were also within this range. There was evidence that bars located in more deprived postcodes had higher PM(2.5) levels prior to the legislation. CONCLUSIONS: Prior to legislation PM(2.5) concentrations within bars across the UK were much higher than the 65 microg m(-3) 'unhealthy' threshold for outdoor air quality as set by the US Environmental Protection Agency. Concentrations in Scottish and Welsh bars were, on average, two or more times greater than in English bars for which seasonal influences may be responsible. Legislation in all three countries produced improvements in indoor air quality that are consistent with other international studies. Descriptors Air Pollution, Indoor/analysis/statistics & numerical data, Environmental Monitoring/methods/statistics & numerical data, Great Britain, Humans, Occupational Exposure/analysis/prevention & control/statistics & numerical data, Particle Size, Particulate Matter/analysis, Program Evaluation, Residence Characteristics/statistics & numerical data, Restaurants, Seasons, Smoking/legislation & jurisprudence/prevention & control, Socioeconomic Factors, Time Factors, Tobacco Smoke Pollution/analysis/legislation & jurisprudence/statistics & numerical data Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Semple,S., van Tongeren,M., Galea,K. S., MacCalman,L., Gee,I., Parry,O., Naji,A., Ayres,J. G. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20100219 PMCID Editors
Effect of in-water oxygen prebreathing at different depths on decompression-induced bubble formation and platelet activation	2010	Department of Basic and Applied Medical Sciences, Ud'A Chieti-Pescara, Italy.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Journal of applied physiology (Bethesda, Md.: 1985) Periodical, Abbrev. J.Appl.Physiol.(1985) Pub Date Free Form May Volume 108 Issue 5 Start Page 1077 Other Pages 1083 Notes LR: 20131121; JID: 8502536; 0 (ITGB3 protein, human); 0 (Integrin beta3); 0 (P-Selectin); 0 (Platelet Membrane Glycoprotein IIb); S88TT14065 (Oxygen); 2010/02/25 [aheadofprint]; ppublish Place of Publication United States ISSN/ISBN 1522-1601; 0161-7567 Accession Number PMID: 20185629 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.1152/japplphysiol.01058.2009 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 20185629 Abstract Effect of in-water oxygen prebreathing at different depths on decompression-induced bubble formation and platelet activation in scuba divers was evaluated. Six volunteers participated in four diving protocols, with 2 wk of recovery between dives. On dive 1, before diving, all divers breathed normally for 20 min at the surface of the sea (Air). On dive 2, before diving, all divers breathed 100% oxygen for 20 min at the surface of the sea [normobaric oxygenation (NBO)]. On dive 3, before diving, all divers breathed 100% O2 for 20 min at 6 m of seawater [msw; hyperbaric oxygenation (HBO) 1.6 atmospheres absolute (ATA)]. On dive 4, before diving, all divers breathed 100% O2 for 20 min at 12 msw (HBO 2.2 ATA). Then they dove to 30 msw (4 ATA) for 20 min breathing air from scuba. After each dive, blood samples were collected as soon as the divers surfaced. Bubbles were measured at 20 and 50 min after decompression and converted to bubble count estimate (BCE) and numeric bubble grade (NBG). BCE and NBG were significantly lower in NBO than in Air [0.142+/-0.034 vs. 0.191+/-0.066 (P<0.05) and 1.61+/-0.25 vs. 1.89+/-0.31 (P<0.05), respectively] at 20 min, but not at 50 min. HBO at 1.6 ATA and 2.2 ATA has a similar significant effect of reducing BCE and NBG. BCE was 0.067+/-0.026 and 0.040+/-0.018 at 20 min and 0.030+/-0.022 and 0.020+/-0.020 at 50 min. NBG was 1.11+/-0.17 and 0.92+/-0.16 at 20 min and 0.83+/-0.18 and 0.75+/-0.16 at 50 min. Prebreathing NBO and HBO significantly alleviated decompression-induced platelet activation. Activation of CD62p was 3.0+/-0.4, 13.5+/-1.3, 10.7+/-0.9, 4.5+/-0.7, and 7.6+/-0.8% for baseline, Air, NBO, HBO at 1.6 ATA, and HBO at 2.2 ATA, respectively. The data show that prebreathing oxygen, more effective with HBO than NBO, decreases air bubbles and platelet activation and, therefore, may be beneficial in reducing the development of decompression sickness. Descriptors Administration, Inhalation, Adult, Decompression/adverse effects, Decompression Sickness/blood/physiopathology/prevention & control/ultrasonography, Diving, Embolism, Air/blood/physiopathology/prevention & control/ultrasonography, Humans, Hyperbaric Oxygenation, Immersion, Inhalation, Integrin beta3/blood, Male, Middle Aged, Oxygen/administration & dosage, P-Selectin/blood, Platelet Activation, Platelet Membrane Glycoprotein IIb/blood, Time Factors, Ultrasonography, Doppler, Young Adult Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Bosco,G., Yang,Z. J., Di Tano,G., Camporesi,E. M., Faralli,F., Savini,F., Landolfi,A., Doria,C., Fano,G. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20100225 PMCID Editors

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