WTS database

Title	Pub Year	Author	SearchLink Sort descending
A comparison of the periodontal status in patients with mucous membrane pemphigoid: a 5-year follow-up	2009	Department of Periodontics, Baylor College of Dentistry, The Texas A&M Health Science Center, Dallas, TX 75246, USA.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Journal of periodontology Periodical, Abbrev. J.Periodontol. Pub Date Free Form Nov Volume 80 Issue 11 Start Page 1765 Other Pages 1773 Notes JID: 8000345; ppublish Place of Publication United States ISSN/ISBN 1943-3670; 0022-3492 Accession Number PMID: 19905946 Language eng SubFile Comparative Study; Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; D; IM DOI 10.1902/jop.2009.090244 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 19905946 Abstract BACKGROUND: Mucous membrane pemphigoid (MMP) is a heterogeneous group of blistering autoimmune disorders of unknown etiology. Intraoral manifestations of MMP feature the formation of vesiculobullous lesions that eventually rupture, leading to pseudomembrane-covered, irregularly-shaped ulcerations. The presence of these often painful oral lesions may hinder oral hygiene efforts resulting in increased plaque accumulation and may increase the risk of developing periodontal disease. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the changes in periodontal status in patients with MMP after a period of 5 years. METHODS: Twenty patients, 10 diagnosed with MMP and 10 controls matched for age, gender, and smoking history, were chosen to participate in a study evaluating their periodontal status. Parameters evaluated included the plaque index, gingival index, bleeding index, probing depths, recession, clinical attachment level, mobility, furcation involvement, number of missing teeth, and periodontitis. Data from the same MMP and control patients were available for comparison from an identical baseline evaluation performed 5 years earlier. RESULTS: Patients with MMP exhibited a statistically significant higher gingival index and amount of lingual gingival recession at both time periods compared to controls. Both groups exhibited statistically significant increases in attachment loss and facial/lingual recession, but the difference in change between groups was not statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study suggest that patients diagnosed with MMP appear to be no more at risk than controls matched for age, gender, and smoking history in developing or having an increased progression of periodontal disease. Descriptors Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Case-Control Studies, Dental Plaque Index, Disease Progression, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Furcation Defects/classification, Gingival Hemorrhage/classification, Gingival Recession/classification, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Pemphigoid, Benign Mucous Membrane/drug therapy/physiopathology, Periodontal Attachment Loss/classification, Periodontal Diseases/classification, Periodontal Index, Periodontal Pocket/classification, Periodontitis/classification, Risk Factors, Smoking, Tooth Loss/classification, Tooth Mobility/classification Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Schellinck,A. E., Rees,T. D., Plemons,J. M., Kessler,H. P., Rivera-Hidalgo,F., Solomon,E. S. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Isolation and characterization of lactic acid bacteria from Yan-dong-gua (fermented wax gourd), a traditional fermented food in Taiwan	2009	Department of Biotechnology, Ming Chuan University, No. 5 De-Ming Road, Gui-Shan Township, Taoyuan County 333, Taiwan.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Journal of bioscience and bioengineering Periodical, Abbrev. J.Biosci.Bioeng. Pub Date Free Form Dec Volume 108 Issue 6 Start Page 484 Other Pages 487 Notes LR: 20131121; GENBANK/AB469382; GENBANK/AB469383; GENBANK/AB469384; GENBANK/AB469385; GENBANK/AB469386; GENBANK/AB469387; GENBANK/AB469388; GENBANK/AB469389; GENBANK/AB469390; GENBANK/AB469391; GENBANK/AB469392; GENBANK/AB469393; GENBANK/AB469394; GENBANK Place of Publication Japan ISSN/ISBN 1347-4421; 1347-4421 Accession Number PMID: 19914580 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2009.06.009 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 19914580 Abstract Yan-dong-gua (fermented wax gourd; a traditional fermented food in Taiwan) samples were collected at five time intervals from a fixed fermenting bucket. Eighty-five cultures of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) were isolated from Yan-dong-gua samples, and the isolates were divided into classes by phenotype and then groups by restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis and sequencing of 16S ribosomal DNA. Phenotypic and biochemical characteristics identified two bacterial groups (A and B) and showed that the majority of the isolates were heterofermentative LAB. Weissella cibaria was the major LAB found during the initial fermentation of yan-dong-gua. However, it was mostly replaced by W. paramesenteroides after 5 days of fermentation. All isolated LAB were able to grow in MRS broth containing 6% NaCl. Furthermore, the antibacterial activities of the isolates were determined, and five of the isolates showed inhibitory activities against the indicator strain Lactobacillus sakei subsp. sakei JCM 1157(T). These results suggest that W. cibaria and W. paramesenteroides are the main LAB present during the fermentation of yan-dong-gua. This is the first report describing the distribution and varieties of LAB that exist in the yan-dong-gua fermentation process. Descriptors Antibiosis/genetics, Bacteria/classification/genetics/isolation & purification, Biodiversity, Cucurbitaceae/microbiology, DNA, Bacterial/genetics, DNA, Ribosomal/analysis/chemistry, Fermentation/genetics, Food Handling, Food Microbiology, Food Preservation, Lactic Acid/metabolism, Lactobacillales/classification/genetics/isolation & purification, Microbial Viability/genetics, Molecular Sequence Data, Phenotype, Phylogeny, RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/genetics, Sequence Analysis, DNA, Taiwan Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Lan,W. T., Chen,Y. S., Yanagida,F. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20090722 PMCID Editors
The effect of a culturally tailored smoking cessation for Chinese American smokers	2009	NYC Branch of Center for Asian Health, Department of Public Health, College of Health Professions, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco Periodical, Abbrev. Nicotine Tob.Res. Pub Date Free Form Dec Volume 11 Issue 12 Start Page 1448 Other Pages 1457 Notes LR: 20141204; GR: U01CA114582-02S2/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States; JID: 9815751; 0 (Nicotinic Agonists); OID: NLM: PMC2784492; 2009/11/13 [aheadofprint]; ppublish Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1469-994X; 1462-2203 Accession Number PMID: 19915080 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; IM DOI 10.1093/ntr/ntp159 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 19915080 Abstract INTRODUCTION: Tobacco use is a serious public health problem among low-income Chinese Americans with limited English proficiency. Chinese men are at high risk for smoking-related morbidity and mortality. We tested the feasibility of a culturally and linguistically sensitive smoking intervention program with combined counseling and pharmacological components for Chinese smokers in New York City; identified factors and techniques that enhance the administration and appropriateness of the intervention program; and examined the overall impact of this program on quit attempts, quit rates, and overall smoking reduction. METHODS: We were guided by the transtheoretical model and used an adapted motivational interviewing (MI) approach. The study involved a randomized sample with pretreatment assessment and multiple follow-up measures. Eligible participants (N = 122) were randomly assigned to intervention (4 individualized counselor-led MI sessions and nicotine replacement therapy [NRT]) or control groups (4 general health education sessions, self-help materials, and NRT). RESULTS: Quit rate at 6 months in the intervention group was 67% versus 32% for the control group, indicating minimal relapse and a highly successful intervention program. Increase in self-efficacy and decease in pros of smoking from baseline to 6-month follow-up were positively associated with smoking cessation. The number of cigarette smoked at baseline was inversely related to smoking cessation. Results indicate that a combined intensive behavioral counseling and pharmacological intervention can reduce smoking substantially. CONCLUSION: The results of this pilot will be used as a basis for a large-scale randomized trial of an intervention with combined culturally and linguistically sensitive MI and NRT components for Chinese and other Asian ethnic groups. Descriptors Adult, Asian Americans/psychology, Combined Modality Therapy, Counseling/methods, Cultural Characteristics, Feasibility Studies, Health Behavior/ethnology, Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice, Health Promotion/methods, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, New York City, Nicotinic Agonists/administration & dosage, Patient Education as Topic, Pilot Projects, Program Evaluation, Self Efficacy, Smoking/ethnology/prevention & control, Smoking Cessation/ethnology/methods/psychology, Social Support, Young Adult Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Wu,D., Ma,G. X., Zhou,K., Zhou,D., Liu,A., Poon,A. N. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20091113 PMCID PMC2784492 Editors
pH affects ammonium, nitrate and proton fluxes in the apical region of conifer and soybean roots	2010	Centre for Forest Biology, University of Victoria, P.O. Box 3020 STN CSC, Victoria, BC, Canada, V8W 3N5. bhawkins@uvic.ca	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Physiologia Plantarum Periodical, Abbrev. Physiol.Plant. Pub Date Free Form Feb Volume 138 Issue 2 Start Page 238 Other Pages 247 Notes LR: 20151119; JID: 1256322; 0 (Nitrates); 0 (Protons); 0 (Quaternary Ammonium Compounds); 0 (Soil); N762921K75 (Nitrogen); 2009/10/27 [aheadofprint]; ppublish Place of Publication Denmark ISSN/ISBN 1399-3054; 0031-9317 Accession Number PMID: 19947965 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.1111/j.1399-3054.2009.01317.x [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 19947965 Abstract The effect of pH on nitrate and ammonium uptake in the high-affinity transport system and low-affinity transport system ranges was compared in two conifers and one crop species. Many conifers grow on acidic soils, thus their preference for ammonium vs nitrate uptake can differ from that of crop plants, and the effect of pH on nitrogen (N) uptake may differ. Proton, ammonium and nitrate net fluxes were measured at seedling root tips and 5, 10, 20 and 30 mm from the tips using a non-invasive microelectrode ion flux measurement system in solutions of 50 or 1500 microM NH(4)NO(3) at pH 4 and 7. In Glycine max and Pinus contorta, efflux of protons was observed at pH 7 while pH 4 resulted in net proton uptake in some root regions. Pseudotsuga menziesii roots consistently showed proton efflux behind the root tip, and thus appear better adapted to maintain proton efflux in acid soils. P. menziesii's ability to maintain ammonium uptake at low pH may relate to its ability to maintain proton efflux. In all three species, net nitrate uptake was greatest at neutral pH. Net ammonium uptake in G. max and net nitrate uptake in P. menziesii were greatly reduced at pH 4, particularly at high N concentration, thus N concentration should be considered when determining optimum pH for N uptake. In P. menziesii and G. max, net N uptake was greater in 1500 than 50 microM NH(4)NO(3) solution, but flux profiles of all ions varied among species. Descriptors Hydrogen-Ion Concentration, Nitrates/metabolism, Nitrogen/metabolism, Pinus/metabolism, Plant Roots/metabolism, Protons, Pseudotsuga/metabolism, Quaternary Ammonium Compounds/metabolism, Seedlings/metabolism, Soil/analysis, Soybeans/metabolism Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Hawkins,B. J., Robbins,S. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20091027 PMCID Editors
Fine particulate matter measurements in Swiss restaurants, cafes and bars: what is the effect of spatial separation between smoking and non-smoking areas?	2010	Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Bern, Finkenhubelweg, Bern, Switzerland.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Indoor air Periodical, Abbrev. Indoor Air Pub Date Free Form Feb Volume 20 Issue 1 Start Page 52 Other Pages 60 Notes LR: 20130520; JID: 9423515; 0 (Tobacco Smoke Pollution); 2009/09/11 [aheadofprint]; ppublish Place of Publication Denmark ISSN/ISBN 1600-0668; 0905-6947 Accession Number PMID: 19958392 Language eng SubFile Comparative Study; Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.1111/j.1600-0668.2009.00625.x [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 19958392 Abstract We performed 124 measurements of particulate matter (PM(2.5)) in 95 hospitality venues such as restaurants, bars, cafes, and a disco, which had differing smoking regulations. We evaluated the impact of spatial separation between smoking and non-smoking areas on mean PM(2.5) concentration, taking relevant characteristics of the venue, such as the type of ventilation or the presence of additional PM(2.5) sources, into account. We differentiated five smoking environments: (i) completely smoke-free location, (ii) non-smoking room spatially separated from a smoking room, (iii) non-smoking area with a smoking area located in the same room, (iv) smoking area with a non-smoking area located in the same room, and (v) smoking location which could be either a room where smoking was allowed that was spatially separated from non-smoking room or a hospitality venue without smoking restriction. In these five groups, the geometric mean PM(2.5) levels were (i) 20.4, (ii) 43.9, (iii) 71.9, (iv) 110.4, and (v) 110.3 microg/m(3), respectively. This study showed that even if non-smoking and smoking areas were spatially separated into two rooms, geometric mean PM(2.5) levels in non-smoking rooms were considerably higher than in completely smoke-free hospitality venues. PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS: PM(2.5) levels are considerably increased in the non-smoking area if smoking is allowed anywhere in the same location. Even locating the smoking area in another room resulted in a more than doubling of the PM(2.5) levels in the non-smoking room compared with venues where smoking was not allowed at all. In practice, spatial separation of rooms where smoking is allowed does not prevent exposure to environmental tobacco smoke in nearby non-smoking areas. Descriptors Air Pollution, Indoor/analysis, Particle Size, Restaurants, Smoking/legislation & jurisprudence, Switzerland, Tobacco Smoke Pollution/analysis Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Huss,A., Kooijman,C., Breuer,M., Bohler,P., Zund,T., Wenk,S., Roosli,M. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20090911 PMCID Editors
Smoking estimates from around the world: data from the first 17 participating countries in the World Mental Health Survey Consortium	2010	Department of Family and Community Health, University of Maryland, Baltimore, School of Nursing, Baltimore, Maryland, USA. cstor002@son.umaryland.edu	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Tobacco control Periodical, Abbrev. Tob.Control Pub Date Free Form Feb Volume 19 Issue 1 Start Page 65 Other Pages 74 Notes LR: 20141204; GR: K05 DA015799/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States; GR: K05DA015799/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States; GR: R01 DA016558/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States; GR: R01 DA016558/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States; GR: R01 MH069864/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/United States; GR Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1468-3318; 0964-4563 Accession Number PMID: 19965796 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.; IM DOI 10.1136/tc.2009.032474 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 19965796 Abstract OBJECTIVE: To contribute new multinational findings on basic descriptive features of smoking and cessation, based upon standardised community surveys of adults residing in seven low-income and middle-income countries and 10 higher-income countries from all regions of the world. METHODS: Data were collected using standardised interviews and community probability sample survey methods conducted as part of the WHO World Mental Health Surveys Initiative. Demographic and socioeconomic correlates of smoking are studied using cross-tabulation and logistic regression approaches. Within-country sample weights were applied with variance estimation appropriate for complex sample survey designs. RESULTS: Estimated prevalence of smoking experience (history of ever smoking) and current smoking varied across the countries under study. In all but four countries, one out of every four adults currently smoked. In higher-income countries, estimated proportions of former smokers (those who had quit) were roughly double the corresponding estimates for most low-income and middle-income countries. Characteristics of smokers varied within individual countries, and in relation to the World Bank's low-medium-high gradient of economic development. In stark contrast to a sturdy male-female difference in the uptake of smoking seen in each country, there is no consistent sex-associated pattern in the odds of remaining a smoker (versus quitting). CONCLUSION: The World Mental Health Surveys estimates complement existing global tobacco monitoring efforts. The observed global diversity of associations with smoking and smoking cessation underscore reasons for implementation of the Framework Convention on Tobacco Control provisions and prompt local adaptation of prevention and control interventions. Descriptors Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Female, Health Surveys, Humans, Logistic Models, Male, Middle Aged, Prevalence, Sex Factors, Smoking/epidemiology, Smoking Cessation/statistics & numerical data, Socioeconomic Factors, Tobacco Use Disorder/epidemiology, Young Adult Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Storr,C. L., Cheng,H., Alonso,J., Angermeyer,M., Bruffaerts,R., de Girolamo,G., de Graaf,R., Gureje,O., Karam,E. G., Kostyuchenko,S., Lee,S., Lepine,J. P., Medina Mora,M. E., Myer,L., Neumark,Y., Posada-Villa,J., Watanabe,M., Wells,J. E., Kessler,R. C., Anthony,J. C. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20091204 PMCID PMC4124902 Editors
Quit smoking advice from health professionals in Taiwan: the role of funding policy and smoker socioeconomic status	2010	National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei 10610, Taiwan. fongchingchang@ntnu.edu.tw	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Tobacco control Periodical, Abbrev. Tob.Control Pub Date Free Form Feb Volume 19 Issue 1 Start Page 44 Other Pages 49 Notes LR: 20151119; JID: 9209612; OID: NLM: PMC2921261; 2009/12/03 [aheadofprint]; ppublish Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1468-3318; 0964-4563 Accession Number PMID: 19965797 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; IM DOI 10.1136/tc.2009.031435 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 19965797 Abstract OBJECTIVES: In 2002, Taiwan launched a program to encourage doctors to provide brief cessation counselling to their patients during routine outpatient visits. This study is to compare and analyse the annual prevalence rate of receiving advice to quit smoking from health professionals before (2004) and after (2005, 2006) the increase in funding and the withdrawal of additional funding (2007). METHODS: We analysed pooled data from 2004 to 2007 Taiwan Adult Tobacco Survey, an annual random digit dialling telephone survey, to estimate the prevalence of receiving quit advice among ever smokers across these years. Smoking characteristics and the socioeconomic factors of smokers associated with receipt of advice to quit smoking were also examined. RESULTS: The prevalence rate of receiving quit advice increased from 21.1% in 2004 to 28.2% in 2006, and then decreased slightly to 27.6% in 2007 after the funds were cut. Multivariate analyses results indicated that increasing financing for smoking cessation services in 2005, being male, older, a daily cigarette user, having previously attempted to quit, perceiving oneself as having poor health and being aware of the benefits of smoking cessation services were significantly positively associated with receiving quit advice from health professionals. In contrast, smokers who were younger, female and occasional cigarette users were less likely to receive quit advice. Also, smokers with socioeconomic disadvantages were not less likely to receive quit advice. CONCLUSIONS: During the period of increased funding for smoking cessation services, the rates of receiving quit advice increased among all smokers and across different socioeconomic groups. Descriptors Adolescent, Adult, Age Factors, Aged, Cross-Sectional Studies, Data Collection, Directive Counseling/economics/methods, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Multivariate Analysis, Patient Education as Topic/economics/methods, Practice Patterns, Physicians'/economics/statistics & numerical data, Prevalence, Sex Factors, Smoking Cessation/economics/methods, Socioeconomic Factors, Taiwan, Young Adult Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Chang,F. C., Hu,T. W., Lo,S. Y., Yu,P. T., Chao,K. Y., Hsiao,M. L. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20091203 PMCID PMC2921261 Editors
Prevalence of erosive esophagitis and Barrett's esophagus in the adult Chinese population	2009	Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun-Yat Sen University, Guangzhou, China.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Endoscopy Periodical, Abbrev. Endoscopy Pub Date Free Form Dec Volume 41 Issue 12 Start Page 1011 Other Pages 1017 Notes CI: Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart New York.; JID: 0215166; 2009/12/04 [epublish]; ppublish Place of Publication Germany ISSN/ISBN 1438-8812; 0013-726X Accession Number PMID: 19967617 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.1055/s-0029-1215291 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 19967617 Abstract BACKGROUND AND STUDY AIM: The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence, characteristics, and risk factors of erosive esophagitis and Barrett's esophagus in an adult Chinese population without gastroesophageal reflux symptoms. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Between March 2006 and February 2007, consecutive individuals aged between 18 and 75 years, who underwent routine upper endoscopy as part of their regular medical examination were recruited. Demographic and medical information were collected. Erosive esophagitis was defined endoscopically as visible breaks of the distal esophageal mucosa. Barrett's esophagus was diagnosed endoscopically and confirmed histologically. "Silent GERD" was defined when erosive esophagitis and/or Barrett's esophagus were present in an individual without reflux symptoms. RESULTS: Among the 2580 individuals included, erosive esophagitis and Barrett's esophagus were found in 4.3 % (n = 110) and 1.0 % (n = 27), respectively. In individuals with erosive esophagitis and Barrett's esophagus, 33.6 % and 40.7 %, respectively, were asymptomatic. Thus, the prevalence of erosive esophagitis and Barrett's esophagus in individuals without GERS was 1.6 % and 0.5 %, respectively, giving an overall prevalence of silent GERD of 2.0 % (46 / 2270). Multivariate analysis identified that male sex (odds ratio [OR] = 2.87, 95 % confidence interval [CI] 1.24 - 6.66; P = 0.014), hiatus hernia (OR = 9.68, 95 %CI 5.00 - 17.95; P < 0.001), and alcohol consumption (OR = 3.17, 95 %CI 1.44 - 6.97; P = 0.004) were positively associated with erosive esophagitis, whereas Helicobacter Pylori infection (OR = 0.37, 95 %CI 0.14 - 0.98; P = 0.046) was negatively associated with erosive esophagitis. Alcohol consumption (OR = 5.32, 95 %CI 1.55 - 13.33; P = 0.008) was positively associated with Barrett's esophagus in asymptomatic individuals. CONCLUSION: In this cohort of the adult Chinese population without reflux symptoms, the prevalence of erosive esophagitis and Barrett's esophagus is 1.6 % and 0.5 %, respectively, with an overall prevalence of silent GERD of 2.0 %. Male sex, hiatus hernia, and alcohol consumption are positively associated with erosive esophagitis, whereas a negative association exists for H. pylori infection. Alcohol consumption is positively associated with Barrett's esophagus. Descriptors Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Barrett Esophagus/diagnosis/epidemiology, China/epidemiology, Esophagitis/diagnosis/epidemiology/pathology, Esophagoscopy, Female, Gastroesophageal Reflux/diagnosis, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Prevalence Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Peng,S., Cui,Y., Xiao,Y. L., Xiong,L. S., Hu,P. J., Li,C. J., Chen,M. H. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20091204 PMCID Editors
Puffing behavior during the smoking of a single cigarette in tobacco-dependent adolescents	2010	Nicotine Psychopharmacology Section, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, 251 Bayview Boulevard, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco Periodical, Abbrev. Nicotine Tob.Res. Pub Date Free Form Feb Volume 12 Issue 2 Start Page 164 Other Pages 167 Notes LR: 20151119; GR: Intramural NIH HHS/United States; JID: 9815751; 0 (Smoke); 6M3C89ZY6R (Nicotine); K5161X06LL (Cotinine); OID: NLM: PMC2816192; 2009/12/07 [aheadofprint]; ppublish Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1469-994X; 1462-2203 Accession Number PMID: 19969556 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Intramural; IM DOI 10.1093/ntr/ntp176 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 19969556 Abstract INTRODUCTION: Adult and adolescent smokers regulate their nicotine and smoke intake by smoking low-yield cigarettes more intensely than high-yield cigarettes. One likely mechanism of nicotine regulation is altered puffing topography, which has been demonstrated in adult smokers. The purpose of this study was to examine the pattern of puffing behavior during the smoking of a single cigarette in adolescents. METHODS: Tobacco-dependent adolescents (n = 89) were enrolled in a treatment trial testing the efficacy of nicotine replacement therapy. About 1 week before their quit date, participants smoked ad libitum one of their usual brand of cigarettes during a laboratory session. Smoking topography measures included puff volume, puff duration, puff velocity, and interpuff interval. RESULTS: Controlling for sex, race, and number of puffs, puff volume and puff duration decreased 12.8% and 24.5%, respectively, from the first 3 to the last 3 puffs. Puff velocity and interpuff interval increased 14.8% and 13.5%, respectively. Puff volume was positively correlated with puff duration and puff velocity, whereas puff duration and puff velocity were negatively correlated. However, none of the topography measures were correlated with smoking history variables. DISCUSSION: These results suggest that adolescent smokers, like adults, are able to regulate smoke and nicotine intake on a puff-by-puff basis, therefore indicating that this aspect of smoking control is acquired early in the tobacco-dependence process. Descriptors Adolescent, Adolescent Behavior/psychology, Behavior, Addictive/psychology, Cotinine/analysis, Female, Forced Expiratory Volume, Humans, Inhalation Exposure/analysis, Male, Nicotine/administration & dosage/analysis, Smoke/analysis, Smoking/metabolism/psychology, Tobacco/chemistry, Tobacco Use Disorder/metabolism/psychology Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Collins,C. C., Epstein,D. H., Parzynski,C. S., Zimmerman,D., Moolchan,E. T., Heishman,S. J. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20091207 PMCID PMC2816192 Editors
In vitro activity of antifungal combinations against Candida albicans biofilms	2010	Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Wahringer Gurtel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy Periodical, Abbrev. J.Antimicrob.Chemother. Pub Date Free Form Feb Volume 65 Issue 2 Start Page 271 Other Pages 274 Notes LR: 20131125; JID: 7513617; 0 (Antifungal Agents); 0 (Echinocandins); 0 (Triazoles); 6TK1G07BHZ (posaconazole); 7XU7A7DROE (Amphotericin B); F0XDI6ZL63 (caspofungin); 2009/12/08 [aheadofprint]; ppublish Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1460-2091; 0305-7453 Accession Number PMID: 19996142 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.1093/jac/dkp429 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 19996142 Abstract OBJECTIVES: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the in vitro activity and synergism of the combinations of amphotericin B/caspofungin and amphotericin B/posaconazole against Candida albicans, grown either as planktonic cells or in biofilms. METHODS: Ten C. albicans bloodstream isolates used in this study were collected from intensive care patients admitted to the Vienna University Hospital between 2006 and 2007. Chequerboard tests were employed to determine the efficacy of the antifungal combinations amphotericin B/caspofungin and amphotericin B/posaconazole against both planktonic cells and biofilms. C. albicans biofilms were prepared using the static microtitre plate model. The activity of antifungal combination therapy was determined by visual reading for planktonic cells and using the XTT assay for biofilms. RESULTS: For Candida biofilms the median MIC was 4 mg/L for amphotericin B and caspofungin, and >256 mg/L for posaconazole. The combination amphotericin B/posaconazole yielded synergism [fractional inhibitory concentration index (FICI) <0.26], whereas amphotericin B/caspofungin yielded indifferent interaction only (FICI 0.75-1.25) against all isolates when grown in biofilms. Under planktonic conditions, synergism was demonstrable for the combination amphotericin B/caspofungin against 4 of the 10 isolates, whereas the combination of caspofungin/posaconazole was indifferent against all tested isolates. CONCLUSIONS: We showed that MICs for planktonic and biofilm forms of C. albicans were much lower when treated with an antifungal combination than when treated with single agents. The combination of amphotericin B/posaconazole yielded synergism against Candida biofilms, whereas amphotericin B/caspofungin yielded indifferent interaction. Descriptors Amphotericin B/pharmacology, Antifungal Agents/pharmacology, Austria, Biofilms/drug effects, Candida albicans/drug effects/isolation & purification, Candidiasis/microbiology, Drug Synergism, Echinocandins/pharmacology, Fungemia/microbiology, Humans, Intensive Care Units, Microbial Sensitivity Tests, Triazoles/pharmacology Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Tobudic,S., Kratzer,C., Lassnigg,A., Graninger,W., Presterl,E. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20091208 PMCID Editors

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