WTS database

Title Sort descending	Pub Year	Author	SearchLink
Follow up of water use in a tin mining area affected with arsenic poisoning.	2000	Chongsuvivatwong, V., Epidemiology Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Thailand.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full The Southeast Asian journal of tropical medicine and public health Periodical, Abbrev. Southeast Asian J.Trop.Med.Public Health Pub Date Free Form / Volume 31 Issue 4 Start Page 769 Other Pages 774 Notes Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN 0125-1562 Accession Number Language SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract Ron Phibun district in southern Thailand has been known as an endemic area for arsenic contamination. The government has been trying to improve the situation by encouraging the use of rainwater and piped water. This study aimed to document the change of water use and to identify factors associated with safe water use in 1997 compared to that in 1994. Home visits and face-to-face questionnaire interviews were undertaken. Information on water use for drinking, cooking, washing food and washing utensils in 1994 and 1997 was obtained. Among 3,849 households from which data could be obtained (estimated 79% of total households), the percentages of using safe water (including water from bottled rain water, piped and artesian well water) for drinking and cooking rose from 72.5 and 57.9 in 1994 to 93.6 and 80.9 in 1997, respectively. The percentages for washing foods and for washing utensils rose from 28.6 and 20.5 to 59.1 and 53.8, respectively. In 1997, percentage of households using piped water for drinking and cooking was still low (3.6 and 12.3) compared to those using piped water for washing food and utensils (39.1 and 43.6). Multivariate analysis shows that independent factors of the household predicting safe water use are: high arsenic area, near main road and having piped water installed. The influence of these factors (as judged by the level of odds ratio) operates more or less equally on water use for all purposes, except that installation of piped water has more influence on washing water than drinking and cooking water. We conclude that safe water supply in the area is still inadequate. Even if piped water is installed, it is often not used for drinking and cooking. The reasons for not using piped water for drinking and cooking need to be identified. Descriptors tin, arsenic poisoning, article, follow up, human, mining, Thailand, water supply Links Book Title Database MEDLINE Publisher Data Source Embase Authors Chongsuvivatwong,V., Lim,A., Dueravee,M., Geater,A., Ritsamitchai,S., Oshikawa,S. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Forest encroachment into a Californian grassland: examining the simultaneous effects of facilitation and competition on tree seedling recruitment	2006	Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, 3060 VLSB #3140, Berkeley, CA, 94720-3140, USA. pkennedy@berkeley.edu	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Oecologia Periodical, Abbrev. Oecologia Pub Date Free Form Jun Volume 148 Issue 3 Start Page 464 Other Pages 474 Notes LR: 20151119; JID: 0150372; 0 (Soil); 059QF0KO0R (Water); 2005/08/17 [received]; 2006/01/25 [accepted]; 2006/04/07 [aheadofprint]; ppublish Place of Publication Germany ISSN/ISBN 0029-8549; 0029-8549 Accession Number PMID: 16496180 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.; IM DOI 10.1007/s00442-006-0382-7 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 16496180 Abstract Competition and facilitation are both considered major factors affecting the structure of plant assemblages, yet few studies have quantified positive, negative, and net effects simultaneously. In this study, we investigated the positive, negative, and net effects of tree saplings on the encroachment of two tree species, Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) and tanoak (Lithocarpus densiflora), into a coastal California grassland. The study involved three components: sampling the spatial distributions of P. menziesii and L. densiflora in the grasslands, a field experiment examining seedling survival in different grassland environments, and a greenhouse experiment examining the effects of soil moisture on early seedling performance. The field experiment was conducted over a 2-year period, using Pseudotsuga in 2002 and both species in 2003. Seedlings were separated into four treatment groups: those planted in open grassland, in shaded grassland, under artificial (plastic) conifer saplings, and under natural Pseudotsuga saplings. Air temperature, relative humidity, soil moisture, incident radiation levels and fog water inputs were measured for each treatment group in 2003. In the greenhouse experiment, Pseudotsuga and Lithocarpus seedlings were grown for 13 weeks in watering treatments simulating the summer soil moisture conditions of the open grasslands and under Pseudotsuga saplings. Surveys of naturally established seedlings found that Lithocarpus occurred only under Pseudotsuga saplings, while most Pseudotsuga seedlings were located near but not directly under conspecific saplings. In the field experiment, positive effects of tree saplings were much larger than negative effects, resulting in strong net facilitation of seedling establishment. Survival for both species was always higher under the plastic and live trees than in the open or shade plots. The primary mechanism facilitating seedling survival appeared to be increased soil moisture caused by input of fog precipitation coupled with reduced microsite evaporation. The greenhouse experiment further showed that soil moisture strongly affected seedling performance, with both species having much higher photosynthetic rates in the higher moisture treatment. In the lower moisture treatment, Pseudotsuga seedlings had higher photosynthetic rates and stomatal conductance than Lithocarpus, suggesting they may be able to better tolerate the environmental conditions found in the open grasslands. Our combined results suggest that rate and patterning of woody plant encroachment can be strongly influenced by facilitation and that fog precipitation may play a key role in plant interactions. Descriptors California, Ecosystem, Fagaceae/growth & development/physiology, Poaceae, Pseudotsuga/growth & development/physiology, Seedlings/growth & development/physiology, Soil, Trees/growth & development/physiology, Water/physiology Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Kennedy,P. G., Sousa,W. P. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20060407 PMCID Editors
Formation and toxicity of brominated disinfection byproducts during chlorination and chloramination of water: a review	2014	a Department of Environmental and Occupational Health , School of Rural Public Health, Texas A&M University , College Station , Texas , USA.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Journal of environmental science and health.Part.B, Pesticides, food contaminants, and agricultural wastes Periodical, Abbrev. J.Environ.Sci.Health B. Pub Date Free Form Volume 49 Issue 3 Start Page 212 Other Pages 228 Notes JID: 7607167; 0 (Disinfectants); 0 (Water Pollutants, Chemical); ppublish Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1532-4109; 0360-1234 Accession Number PMID: 24380621 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.; Review; IM DOI 10.1080/03601234.2014.858576 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 24380621 Abstract Disinfection byproducts (DBPs) in drinking water exhibit considerable adverse health effects; recent focus is on the brominated disinfection byproducts (Br-DBPs). The chlorination and chloramination of bromide ion containing water produce reactive bromo species, which subsequently react with natural organic matter (NOM) to yield Br-DBPs. The possible reactions involved in generating DBPs are presented. Identified Br-DBPs include bromomethanes, bromoacetic acid, bromoacetamides, bromoacetonitriles, and bromophenols. Mixed chloro- and bromo-species have also been identified. Pathways of the formation of Br-DBPs have been described. The concentration of Br- ion, pH, reaction time, and the presence of Cu(II) influence the yield of DBPs. The effects of water conditions on the production of Br-DBPs are presented. The epidemiological studies to understand the potential toxic effects of DBPs including Br-DBPs are summarized. Brominated DBPs may have higher health risks than their corresponding chlorinated DBPs. A potential role of an emerging alternate disinfectant, ferrate (FeV)O(2-)4), in minimizing DBPs is briefly discussed. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Sharma,V.K., Zboril,R., McDonald,T.J. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Formation of bromate during ferrate(VI) oxidation of bromide in water	2016	School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China; Department of Earth and Environmental Studies, Montclair State University, 1 Normal Ave., New Jersey, 07043, United States.; Department of Earth and Environmen	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Chemosphere Periodical, Abbrev. Chemosphere Pub Date Free Form Jul Volume 155 Issue Start Page 528 Other Pages 533 Notes CI: Copyright (c) 2016; JID: 0320657; OTO: NOTNLM; 2016/04/04 [received]; 2016/04/22 [revised]; 2016/04/24 [accepted]; 2016/05/03 [aheadofprint]; ppublish Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1879-1298; 0045-6535 Accession Number PMID: 27153235 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; IM DOI 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.04.093 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 27153235 Abstract Ferrate (VI) is traditionally recognized as a safe oxidant without production of disinfection byproducts (DBPs). However, here we detected probable carcinogenic bromate (BrO3(-)) during ferrate(VI) oxidation of bromide (Br(-))-containing water, and evaluated the effects of pH, ferrate(VI) dose, initial Br(-) concentration, and co-existing anions on the BrO3(-) formation. BrO3(-) was produced at a moderately-weakly acidic pH condition and in the absence of phosphate that was commonly applied as a buffer and stabilizing agent in previous ferrate(VI) studies. At pH 5.0, the produced BrO3(-) was increased from 12.5 to 273.8 mug/L with the increasing initial Br(-) concentration from 200 to 1000 mug/L at 10 mg/L Fe(VI), corresponding to an increase in the molar conversion ([BrO3(-)]/initial [Br(-)]) from 2.3% to 10.3%, in a bicarbonate-buffered solution. As pH increased to 7.0, the BrO3(-) concentration gradually dropped. The BrO3(-) production appeared to be associated with the oxidation by high valence iron species (i.e. Fe(VI), Fe(V) and Fe(IV)). Two key intermediate products (i.e. hypobromous acid/hypobromite (HOBr/OBr(-)) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)) relevant to the bromate formation were identified. The production of HOBr, a requisite intermediate for the ensuing bromate formation, was indirectly validated through identification of bromine-containing trihalomethanes and haloacetic acids during ferrate oxidation in a natural water, though these bromo-organic DBPs produced were insignificant. Furthermore, the inhibition effects of various anions on the formation of BrO3(-) followed chloride Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Elsevier Ltd Data Source Authors Huang,X., Deng,Y., Liu,S., Song,Y., Li,N., Zhou,J. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20160503 PMCID Editors
Formation of Halogenated By-products in Co(2)(+) Activated Peroxymonosulfate Oxidation Process	2016		Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Huan jing ke xue= Huanjing kexue / [bian ji, Zhongguo ke xue yuan huan jing ke xue wei yuan hui "Huan jing ke xue" bian ji wei yuan hui.] Periodical, Abbrev. Huan Jing Ke Xue. Pub Date Free Form 15-May Volume 37 Issue 5 Start Page 1823 Other Pages 1830 Notes JID: 8405344; ppublish Place of Publication China ISSN/ISBN 0250-3301; 0250-3301 Accession Number PMID: 27506036 Language chi SubFile English Abstract; Journal Article; IM DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 27506036 Abstract Sulfate radicals (SO(4).(-)) generated by Co(2)(+) catalyzed activation of peroxymonosulfate (PMS) are highly oxidative and can be applied to degrade various organic pollutants. It was revealed in this research that bromide could be transformed in this process to reactive bromine species which reacted with phenol subsequently, leading to the formation of bromophenols and brominated by-products such as bromoform and dibromoacetic acid. The formation of the brominated by-products first increased and then decreased. The maximum yields of bromoform (10.3 micromol . L(-)(1)) and dibromoacetic acid (14.6 micromol . L(-)(1)) occurred at approximately 8 h with initial phenol, PMS, Br(-), Co(2)(+), concentrations of 0.05, 1.0, 0.2, and 5 micromol . L(-)(1), respectively. Formation of the brominated by-products decreased with increasing pH. With constant total halides, increasing Cl(-)/Br(-) ratio decreased the total formation of halogenated by- products but generated more chlorinated byproducts. The findings of this research can provide valuable information in assessing the feasibility of SO(4).(-) based oxidation technologies in real practice. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Liu,K., Jin,H., Dong,W., Ji,Y.F., Lu,J.H. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Formation of manganese micro-nodules on water pipeline materials	1999	Murdoch, F., Dept. Civil Struct. Environm. Engn., University of Paisley, Paisley PA1 2BE, United Kingdom	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Water research Periodical, Abbrev. Water Res. Pub Date Free Form 1999/08 Volume 33 Issue 12 Start Page 2893 Other Pages 2895 Notes Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN 0043-1354 Accession Number Language SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract A study was carried out on the interaction of a manganese oxidising bacterium growing as part of a biofilm on the surface of polyvinychloride (PVC) and high-density polyethylene (HDPE) pipe material. After 2 weeks the formation of micro-nodules was observed within the biofilm. The energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) analysis of these micro-nodules showed high manganese and oxygen levels and indicated the possible formation of a manganese oxide complex. The nodules were found to average 10 Î¼m in diameter and most had a central hole of approximately 2 Î¼m. Descriptors manganese, manganese oxide, oxygen, polyethylene, polyvinylchloride, water, article, bacterium, biofilm, oxidation, pipeline, priority journal, roentgen spectroscopy, scanning electron microscope Links Book Title Database Embase Publisher Data Source Embase Authors Murdoch,F., Smith,P. G. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Formation of natural biofilms during chlorine dioxide and u.v. disinfection in a public drinking water distribution system	2003	Department of Environmental Microbiology, Water Technology and Geotechnology Division, Institute for Technical Chemistry, Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe GmbH, Karlsruhe, Germany. thomas.schwartz@itc-wgt.fzk.de	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Journal of applied microbiology Periodical, Abbrev. J.Appl.Microbiol. Pub Date Free Form Volume 95 Issue 3 Start Page 591 Other Pages 601 Notes LR: 20121115; JID: 9706280; 0 (Chlorine Compounds); 0 (Disinfectants); 0 (Oxides); 8061YMS4RM (chlorine dioxide); ppublish Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1364-5072; 1364-5072 Accession Number PMID: 12911708 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 2019 [pii] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 12911708 Abstract AIMS: The influence of two disinfection techniques on natural biofilm development during drinking water treatment and subsequent distribution is compared with regard to the supply of a high-quality drinking water. METHODS AND RESULTS: The growth of biofilms was studied using the biofilm device technique in a real public technical drinking water asset. Different pipe materials which are commonly used in drinking water facilities (hardened polyethylene, polyvinyl chloride, steel and copper) were used as substrates for biofilm formation. Apart from young biofilms, several months old biofilms were compared in terms of material dependence, biomass and physiological state. Vital staining of biofilms with 5-cyano-2,3-ditolyl tetrazolium chloride (CTC) and the DNA-specific 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) staining resulted in a significant difference in physiological behaviour of biofilm populations depending on the disinfection technique. Compared with chlorine dioxide disinfection (0.12-0.16 mg l-1), the respiratory activities of the micro-organisms were increased on all materials during u.v. disinfection (u.v.254; 400 J m-2). The biofilm biocoenosis was analysed by in situ hybridization with labelled oligonucleotides specific for some subclasses of Proteobacteria. Using PCR and additional hybridization techniques, the biofilms were also tested for the presence of Legionella spp., atypical mycobacteria and enterococci. The results of the molecular-biological experiments in combination with cultivation tests showed that enterococci were able to pass the u.v. disinfection barrier and persist in biofilms of the distribution system, but not after chlorine dioxide disinfection. CONCLUSIONS: The results indicated that bacteria are able to regenerate and proliferate more effectively after u.v. irradiation at the waterworks, and chlorine dioxide disinfection appears to be more applicative to maintain a biological stable drinking water. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: As far as the application of u.v. disinfection is used for conditioning of critical water sources for drinking water, the efficiency of u.v. irradiation in natural systems should reach a high standard to avoid adverse impacts on human health. Descriptors Biofilms/drug effects/growth & development/radiation effects, Chlorine Compounds/pharmacology, Colony Count, Microbial, Disinfectants/pharmacology, Disinfection/methods, Enterococcus/drug effects/growth & development/radiation effects, Humans, Oxides/pharmacology, Water Microbiology, Water Purification/methods, Water Supply Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Schwartz,T., Hoffmann,S., Obst,U. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Formulation of a rice-based beverage of high nutritive value	1981	Guerra, M.J.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Archivos latinoamericanos de nutriciÃ³n Periodical, Abbrev. Arch.Latinoam.Nutr. Pub Date Free Form / Volume 31 Issue 2 Start Page 337 Other Pages 349 Notes Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN 0004-0622 Accession Number Language SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract The purpose of this work was the production of a beverage with a nutritive value similar to that of milk, but available at a lower cost. A traditional beverage in Venezuela, "Chicha de Arroz" (Rice Chicha), was chosen. The various formulas studied were based on rice, non-fat milk and different kinds of soy flour, in addition to sugar, vegetable oil, vitamins, ferrous sulfate and different flavors. A product with protein and caloric values similar to those of milk was obtained. Twenty formulas were prepared and submitted to physico-chemical, microbiological and sensorial evaluations with respect to flavor, color, viscosity and stability during period of refrigeration. The most adequate formula was prepared on a pilot-plant scale. Rat assays gave the same PER results as those of casein. Consumer acceptability was tested on 1,080 school children, and showed to be greater than 95%. The stability was superior to that of milk and the cost, approximately three-fourths that of the latter. In the school-snack program of the National Institute of Nutrition, milk is now being replaced by this Chicha. Descriptors amino acid, vitamin, animal, article, beverage, child, comparative study, elemental diet, food handling, human, milk, nutritional value, rice Links Book Title FormulaciÃ³n de una bebida de alto valor nutritivo a base de arroz. Database MEDLINE Publisher Data Source Embase Authors Guerra,M. J., GonzÃ¡lez,D., JaffÃ©,W. G., CalderÃ³n,M. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Frequency of the use of hookah among adults and its distribution according to sociodemographic characteristics, urban or rural area and federative units: National Health Survey, 2013	2015	Programa de Pos-Graduacao em Epidemiologia, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil.; Programa de Pos-Graduacao em Epidemiologia, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil.; Programa de Pos-Graduacao em Epidemiologia, Universidade	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Revista brasileira de epidemiologia = Brazilian journal of epidemiology Periodical, Abbrev. Rev.Bras.Epidemiol. Pub Date Free Form Dec Volume 18 Suppl 2 Issue Start Page 57 Other Pages 67 Notes JID: 100954576; EIN: Rev Bras Epidemiol. 2016 Apr-Jun;19(2):469-70. PMID: 27532767; 2015/04/10 [received]; 2015/06/10 [accepted]; ppublish Place of Publication Brazil ISSN/ISBN 1980-5497; 1415-790X Accession Number PMID: 27008603 Language eng; por SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.1590/1980-5497201500060006 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 27008603 Abstract OBJECTIVE: To assess the frequency of the use of hookah in the Brazilian adult population aged 18 to 59 years. METHODS: This is a cross-sectional, population-based study using the National Health Survey (PNS), 2013. Sampling was based on three stages: census tract, household, and individual. The frequency and the 95% confidence interval (CI) of the outcome "frequency of use of hookah," among those who reported tobacco use, were described according to demographic and socioeconomic variables, urban or rural area of the country, and macroregions; the frequency of hookah use according to the age and education was also investigated; all analyzes were weighted. RESULTS: Of the 60,225 adults surveyed, 15% reported the use of some tobacco product; the frequency of use of hookah among them was 1.2% (95%CI 0.8 - 1.6) and higher in male subjects, in white individuals, in the youngest age group, with average to high education and residents of urban areas and the south and midwest. Among those who have used the hookah, 50% used it occasionally, 12.8% monthly, 27.3% weekly, and 6.8% daily. CONCLUSIONS: The relevance of the findings is because this is the first nationally representative study that evaluated the frequency of use of hookah in adults in the country. The results point to the need to implement surveillance regarding its use, as has occurred in relation to tobacco. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Menezes,A.M., Wehrmeister,F.C., Horta,B.L., Szwarcwald,C.L., Vieira,M.L., Malta,D.C. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Frequency of Tobacco Use Among Middle and High School Students--United States, 2014	2015		Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full MMWR.Morbidity and mortality weekly report Periodical, Abbrev. MMWR Morb.Mortal.Wkly.Rep. Pub Date Free Form 2-Oct Volume 64 Issue 38 Start Page 1061 Other Pages 1065 Notes JID: 7802429; epublish Place of Publication United States ISSN/ISBN 1545-861X; 0149-2195 Accession Number PMID: 26422781 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; IM DOI 10.15585/mmwr.mm6438a1 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 26422781 Abstract The use of tobacco products during adolescence increases the risk for adverse health effects and lifelong nicotine addiction. In 2014, an estimated 4.6 million middle and high school students were current users of any tobacco product, of whom an estimated 2.2 million were current users of two or more types of tobacco products. Symptoms of nicotine dependence are increased for multiple tobacco product users compared with single-product users. CDC and the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) analyzed data from the 2014 National Youth Tobacco Survey (NYTS) to determine how frequently (the number of days in the preceding 30 days) U.S. middle school (grades 6-8) and high school (grades 9-12) students used cigarettes, e-cigarettes, cigars, and smokeless tobacco products. Among current users (>/=1 day during the preceding 30 days) in high school, frequent use (>/=20 days during the preceding 30 days) was most prevalent among smokeless tobacco users (42.0%), followed by cigarette smokers (31.6%), e-cigarette users (15.5%), and cigar smokers (13.1%); a similar pattern was observed for those who used during all 30 days. Among current users in middle school, frequent use was greatest among smokeless tobacco users (29.2%), followed by cigarette smokers (20.0%), cigar smokers (13.2%) and e-cigarette users (11.8%). Current use of two or more types of tobacco products was common, even among students who used tobacco products 1-5 days during the preceding 30 days: 77.3% for cigar smokers, 76.9% for cigarette smokers, 63.4% for smokeless tobacco users, and 54.8% for e-cigarettes users. Preventing youths from initiating the use of any tobacco product is important to tobacco use prevention and control strategies in the United States. Monitoring the frequency and patterns of tobacco use among youths, including the use of two or more tobacco products, is important to inform evidence-based interventions to prevent and reduce all forms of tobacco use among youths. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Neff,L.J., Arrazola,R.A., Caraballo,R.S., Corey,C.G., Cox,S., King,B.A., Choiniere,C.J., Husten,C.G. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20151002 PMCID Editors

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