WTS database

Title	Pub Year	Author	SearchLink Sort descending
Strength of smoke-free air laws and indoor air quality	2009	Graduate School of Public Health and Institute of Health and Environment, Seoul National University, 28 Yeungun-dong, Jongro-gu, Seoul 110-460, Korea. cleanair@snu.ac.kr	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco Periodical, Abbrev. Nicotine Tob.Res. Pub Date Free Form Apr Volume 11 Issue 4 Start Page 381 Other Pages 386 Notes LR: 20141210; GR: R01 HL086450-01/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/United States; JID: 9815751; 0 (Particulate Matter); OID: NLM: PMC2722240; 2009/04/03 [aheadofprint]; ppublish Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1469-994X; 1462-2203 Accession Number PMID: 19346510 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.1093/ntr/ntp026 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 19346510 Abstract INTRODUCTION: Smoke-free air laws have been implemented in many Kentucky communities to protect the public from the harmful effects of secondhand smoke exposure. The impact of different strengths of smoke-free air laws on indoor air quality was assessed. METHODS: Indoor air quality in hospitality venues was assessed in seven communities before and after comprehensive smoke-free air laws and in two communities only after partial smoke-free air laws. One community was measured three times: before any smoke-free air law, after the initial partial law, and after the law was strengthened to cover all workplaces and public places with few exemptions. Real-time measurements of particulate matters with 2.5 mum aerodynamic diameter or smaller (PM(2.5)) were obtained. RESULTS: When comprehensive smoke-free air laws were implemented, indoor PM(2.5) concentrations decreased significantly from 161 to 20 microg/m3. In one community that implemented a comprehensive smoke-free law after initially passing a partial law, indoor PM(2.5) concentrations were 304 microg/m3 before the law, 338 microg/m3 after the partial law, and 9 microg/m3 after the comprehensive law. DISCUSSION: The study clearly demonstrated that partial smoke-free air laws do not improve indoor air quality. A significant linear trend indicated that PM(2.5) levels in the establishments decreased with fewer numbers of burning cigarettes. Only comprehensive smoke-free air laws are effective in reducing indoor air pollution from secondhand tobacco smoke. Descriptors Air Pollution, Indoor/analysis/prevention & control, Humans, Kentucky, Particle Size, Particulate Matter/analysis, Smoking/legislation & jurisprudence Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Lee,K., Hahn,E. J., Robertson,H. E., Lee,S., Vogel,S. L., Travers,M. J. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20090403 PMCID PMC2722240 Editors
Global air monitoring study: a multi-country comparison of levels of indoor air pollution in different workplaces	2009	Department of Surgical Oncology, National Cancer Centre, Singapore. dsokhn@nccs.com.sg	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Annals of the Academy of Medicine, Singapore Periodical, Abbrev. Ann.Acad.Med.Singapore Pub Date Free Form Mar Volume 38 Issue 3 Start Page 202 Other Pages 206 Notes GR: P50 CA111236/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States; JID: 7503289; ppublish Place of Publication Singapore ISSN/ISBN 0304-4602; 0304-4602 Accession Number PMID: 19347072 Language eng SubFile Comparative Study; Journal Article; Multicenter Study; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 19347072 Abstract INTRODUCTION: A local study completed in Singapore, which was part of an international multi-country study that aims to develop a global assessment of exposure to second-hand smoke in indoor workplaces, gathered data regarding the indoor air quality of public areas. It was hypothesised that air would be less polluted in non-smoking venues compared to places where smoking occurred. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A TSI SidePak AM510 Personal Aerosol Monitor was used to sample and record the levels of respirable suspended particles (RSP) in the air. A broad range of venues were sampled in Singapore. The primary goal of data analysis was to assess the difference in the average levels of RSP in smoke-free and non smoke-free venues. Data was assessed at 3 levels: (a) the mean RSP across all venues sampled compared with the mean levels of smoke-free and non smoke-free venues, (b) levels in venues where smoking occurred compared with similar venues in Ireland, and (c) comparison between smoke-free and non smoke-free areas according to the type of venue. Statistical significance was assessed using the Mann-Whitney U-test. RESULTS: The level of indoor air pollution was 96% lower in smoke-free venues compared to non smoke-free venues. Averaged across each type of venue, the lowest levels of indoor air pollution were found in restaurants (17 microg/m3) and the highest in bars (622 microg/m3); both well above the US EPA Air Quality Index hazardous level of >or=251 ug/m3. CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrates that workers and patrons are exposed to harmful levels of a known carcinogen and toxin. Policies that prohibit smoking in public areas dramatically reduce exposure and improve worker and patron health. Descriptors Air Pollution, Indoor/analysis/legislation & jurisprudence, Environmental Monitoring, Ireland, Restaurants, Singapore, Smoking, Workplace Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Koong,H. N., Khoo,D., Higbee,C., Travers,M., Hyland,A., Cummings,K. M., Dresler,C. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Secondhand smoke and particulate matter exposure in the home	2009	Department of Health Behavior, Division of Cancer Prevention and Population Sciences, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco Periodical, Abbrev. Nicotine Tob.Res. Pub Date Free Form Jun Volume 11 Issue 6 Start Page 635 Other Pages 641 Notes JID: 9815751; 0 (Air Pollutants); 0 (Tobacco Smoke Pollution); 2009/04/07 [aheadofprint]; ppublish Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1469-994X; 1462-2203 Accession Number PMID: 19351784 Language eng SubFile Comparative Study; Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.1093/ntr/ntp018 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 19351784 Abstract With the increasing normative trend of clean indoor air laws prohibiting smoking in public places such as worksites and restaurants, the home is becoming the primary source of secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure. However, little empirical data indicate how SHS is distributed throughout homes and whether smoking in segregated areas offers protection. This project studied real-time data on levels of SHS in 9 homes in which smoking was permitted and in 3 smoke-free homes. Active sampling monitors were used to assess levels of PM(2.5), a marker for SHS, over a 3-day period. In smoking homes, one monitor was placed in the primary smoking area and another in a distal location, where smoking generally did not occur. Participants logged smoking and other activities that could affect air quality. In smoking homes, without assuming normality, the mean PM(2.5) level for the primary smoking areas was statistically significantly higher than that for distal areas (84 and 63 microg/m3, respectively). Both levels far surpassed the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's annual standard of 15 microg/m3 for outdoor air quality. By contrast, the smoke-free home mean was 9 microg/m3, similar to outdoor air quality. These results suggest that the air in smoking homes was several times more polluted than that in smoke-free homes, regardless of where the measurements were taken, meaning that efforts to confine smoking to only part of the home offer no protection for people anywhere inside the home. Household members can be protected by implementing a smoke-free home policy. Descriptors Air Pollutants/analysis, Air Pollution, Indoor/analysis/prevention & control, Environmental Monitoring/methods, Family Relations, Housing, Humans, Inhalation Exposure/analysis/prevention & control, Risk Assessment, Tobacco Smoke Pollution/analysis/prevention & control Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Van Deusen,A., Hyland,A., Travers,M. J., Wang,C., Higbee,C., King,B. A., Alford,T., Cummings,K. M. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20090407 PMCID Editors
The relation between coronary lesion distribution and risk factors in young adults	2009	Department of Cardiology, Gulhane Military Medical Academy, Ankara, Turkey.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Anadolu kardiyoloji dergisi : AKD = the Anatolian journal of cardiology Periodical, Abbrev. Anadolu Kardiyol Derg. Pub Date Free Form Apr Volume 9 Issue 2 Start Page 91 Other Pages 95 Notes LR: 20131121; JID: 101095069; 0 (Lipoprotein(a)); 0LVT1QZ0BA (Homocysteine); ppublish Place of Publication Turkey ISSN/ISBN 1308-0032; 1302-8723 Accession Number PMID: 19357049 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; IM DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 19357049 Abstract OBJECTIVE: In this cross-sectional, case-controlled study, we aimed to evaluate classical and novel risk factors in young patients with coronary artery disease (CAD), and the relation between coronary risk factors and coronary lesion distribution. METHODS: Fifty-three patients under age of 45 years with severe coronary artery stenosis on angiography (group A) and age matched sixty patients having normal or non-critical stenosis on coronary angiography (group B) comprised the study groups. Conventional (smoking, family history, diabetes, hypertension) and novel risk factors (lipoprotein (a), homocysteine) were compared between the groups. Moreover, the relation between risk factors, and coronary lesions distribution, including left main artery (LMA) or proximal or mid left anterior descending (LAD) artery and remaining coronary lesions was investigated. Logistic regression analysis was used to define confounding factors predicting severe CAD and coronary lesion distribution and ROC curve analysis was performed to determine the cut-off value of independent factors, which were assessed by logistic regression analysis. RESULTS: Smoking was more prevalent in group A compared to group B. Lipoprotein (a) and homocysteine levels were also higher in group A than group B. For group A and B median (max-min) values of lipoprotein (a) were 34 (2-174) mg/dl and 38 (2-203) mg/dl (p=0.038), respectively and homocysteine levels were 12.3 (5-56.6) micromol/L and 9 (1.4-19) micromol/L (p=0.012), respectively. Smoking and homocysteine were independent predictors of severe CAD in young patients according to logistic regression analysis with an Odds ratio of 3.7 (95% CI=1.572-8.763; p=0.002) and 1.2 (95% CI=1.045-1.341; p=0.008), respectively. For predicting significant CAD the cut-off value of homocysteine was 11.6 micromol/L with a sensitivity and specificity of 53% and 77%, respectively (AUC=0.637; 95% CI=0.542-0.725; p=0.008). Within group analysis in group A patients revealed that only homocysteine was an independent predictor of LMA or proximal or mid-LAD lesion presence with an odds ratio of 1.2 (95% CI=1.011-1.465; p=0.016). ROC curve analysis revealed a cut-off value of 12 micromol/L in predicting LMA or proximal or mid-LAD lesions with a sensitivity and specificity of 65% and 91%, respectively (AUC=0.735; 95% CI=0.594-0.850; p=0.002). CONCLUSION: In our study, we found that young patients with severe CAD had different risk profile with higher frequency of smoking and increased levels of lipoprotein (a) and homocysteine. While smoking status and homocysteine may be used for prediction of severe CAD in young individuals, only homocysteine predicted coronary lesion distribution in LMA and proximal or mid-LAD. Descriptors Adult, Cardiovascular Diseases/epidemiology/mortality/radiography, Case-Control Studies, Coronary Angiography, Coronary Stenosis/radiography, Coronary Vessels/pathology, Cross-Sectional Studies, Female, Homocysteine/blood, Humans, Lipoprotein(a)/blood, Logistic Models, Male, ROC Curve, Risk Factors, Smoking/adverse effects/epidemiology Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Koz,C., Celebi,H., Yokusoglu,M., Baysan,O., Hasimi,A., Serdaroglu,M., Uzun,M. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Adolescent nondaily smokers: favorable views of tobacco yet receptive to cessation	2009	Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, 86 Jonathan Lucas Street, PO Box 250955, Charleston, SC 29425, USA. carpente@musc.edu	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco Periodical, Abbrev. Nicotine Tob.Res. Pub Date Free Form Apr Volume 11 Issue 4 Start Page 348 Other Pages 355 Notes LR: 20141210; GR: K23DA020482/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States; JID: 9815751; OID: NLM: PMC2670369; 2009/04/14 [aheadofprint]; ppublish Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1469-994X; 1462-2203 Accession Number PMID: 19366985 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.; IM DOI 10.1093/ntr/ntp023 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 19366985 Abstract INTRODUCTION: Favorable views of cigarette use may be a potentiating factor that influences the progression of nicotine dependence among adolescents. METHODS: Using data from the South Carolina Youth Tobacco Survey (2005-2007), a statewide two-stage cluster sample of students in Grades 6-12 (N = 7,385), we examined attitudes toward smoking and quit behaviors among adolescent smokers across a range of smoking frequencies. RESULTS: Compared with past-30-day nonsmokers, adolescents who smoked 1-2 days in the past month were more likely to believe that (a) smokers have more friends, (b) smoking looks cool, and (c) it is safe to smoke in the short term and then quit, but less likely to think that (d) tobacco is as addictive as other drugs and (e) smoking few cigarettes per day is harmful. Those who smoked 1-2 days in the past month were similar to more frequent smokers, including those who smoked daily. Similar findings were found for lifetime exposure to smoking. Among those who smoked 1-2 days in the previous month, motivation to quit (54%) and incidence of quit attempts (52% in past year) were slightly higher compared with heavier smokers. DISCUSSION: Even minimal levels of cigarette use are associated with favorable views of smoking, and adolescents with minimal levels of cigarette use resemble chronic smokers in several key ways. Adolescents at very early stages of cigarette use are at significant risk for chronic use. Tobacco control efforts should capitalize on motivation to quit with focused prevention strategies that arrest the progression from nondaily to daily smoking. Descriptors Adolescent, Adolescent Behavior/psychology, Attitude to Health, Cluster Analysis, Cross-Sectional Studies, Female, Humans, Male, Motivation, Smoking/epidemiology, Smoking Cessation/psychology, South Carolina/epidemiology Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Carpenter,M. J., Garrett-Mayer,E., Vitoc,C., Cartmell,K., Biggers,S., Alberg,A. J. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20090414 PMCID PMC2670369 Editors
Biomedical risk assessment as an aid for smoking cessation	2009	Department of Ambulatory Care and Community Medicine & Clinical Epidemiology Centre, University of Lausanne, Bugnon 44, Lausanne, Switzerland, CH-1011. raphael.bize@hospvd.ch	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full The Cochrane database of systematic reviews Periodical, Abbrev. Cochrane Database Syst.Rev. Pub Date Free Form 15-Apr Volume (2):CD004705. doi Issue 2 Start Page CD004705 Other Pages Notes LR: 20131121; JID: 100909747; 7U1EE4V452 (Carbon Monoxide); UIN: Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2012;12:CD004705. PMID: 23235615; RF: 78; epublish Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1469-493X; 1361-6137 Accession Number PMID: 19370604 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Meta-Analysis; Review; IM DOI 10.1002/14651858.CD004705.pub3 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 19370604 Abstract BACKGROUND: A possible strategy for increasing smoking cessation rates could be to provide smokers who have contact with healthcare systems with feedback on the biomedical or potential future effects of smoking, e.g. measurement of exhaled carbon monoxide (CO), lung function, or genetic susceptibility to lung cancer. OBJECTIVES: To determine the efficacy of biomedical risk assessment provided in addition to various levels of counselling, as a contributing aid to smoking cessation. SEARCH STRATEGY: We systematically searched the Cochrane Collaboration Tobacco Addiction Group Specialized Register, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials 2008 Issue 4, MEDLINE (1966 to January 2009), and EMBASE (1980 to January 2009). We combined methodological terms with terms related to smoking cessation counselling and biomedical measurements. SELECTION CRITERIA: Inclusion criteria were: a randomized controlled trial design; subjects participating in smoking cessation interventions; interventions based on a biomedical test to increase motivation to quit; control groups receiving all other components of intervention; an outcome of smoking cessation rate at least six months after the start of the intervention. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Two assessors independently conducted data extraction on each paper, with disagreements resolved by consensus. Results were expressed as a relative risk (RR) for smoking cessation with 95% confidence intervals (CI). Where appropriate a pooled effect was estimated using a Mantel-Haenszel fixed effect method. MAIN RESULTS: We included eleven trials using a variety of biomedical tests. Two pairs of trials had sufficiently similar recruitment, setting and interventions to calculate a pooled effect; there was no evidence that CO measurement in primary care (RR 1.06, 95% CI 0.85 to 1.32) or spirometry in primary care (RR 1.18, 95% CI 0.77 to 1.81) increased cessation rates. We did not pool the other seven trials. One trial in primary care detected a significant benefit of lung age feedback after spirometry (RR 2.12; 95% CI 1.24 to 3.62). One trial that used ultrasonography of carotid and femoral arteries and photographs of plaques detected a benefit (RR 2.77; 95% CI 1.04 to 7.41) but enrolled a population of light smokers. Five trials failed to detect evidence of a significant effect. One of these tested CO feedback alone and CO + genetic susceptibility as two different intervention; none of the three possible comparisons detected significant effects. Three others used a combination of CO and spirometry feedback in different settings, and one tested for a genetic marker. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS: There is little evidence about the effects of most types of biomedical tests for risk assessment. Spirometry combined with an interpretation of the results in terms of 'lung age' had a significant effect in a single good quality trial. Mixed quality evidence does not support the hypothesis that other types of biomedical risk assessment increase smoking cessation in comparison to standard treatment. Only two pairs of studies were similar enough in term of recruitment, setting, and intervention to allow meta-analysis. Descriptors Biofeedback, Psychology/methods, Breath Tests, Carbon Monoxide/analysis, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Humans, Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic, Risk Assessment, Smoking/adverse effects/metabolism, Smoking Cessation/methods/psychology/statistics & numerical data, Spirometry Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Bize,R., Burnand,B., Mueller,Y., Rege Walther,M., Cornuz,J. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20090415 PMCID Editors
Inflammation and intestinal metaplasia of the distal esophagus are associated with alterations in the microbiome	2009	Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Gastroenterology Periodical, Abbrev. Gastroenterology Pub Date Free Form Aug Volume 137 Issue 2 Start Page 588 Other Pages 597 Notes LR: 20150201; GR: R01 AI063477/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/United States; GR: R01 AI063477-05/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/United States; GR: R01 CA097946/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States; GR: R01 CA097946-04/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States; GR: R01AI063477/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/United Sta Place of Publication United States ISSN/ISBN 1528-0012; 0016-5085 Accession Number PMID: 19394334 Language eng SubFile Comparative Study; Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.; AIM; IM DOI 10.1053/j.gastro.2009.04.046 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 19394334 Abstract BACKGROUND & AIMS: Gastroesophageal reflux causes inflammation and intestinal metaplasia and its downstream sequelum adenocarcinoma in the distal esophagus. The incidence of esophageal adenocarcinoma has increased approximately 6-fold in the United States since the 1970s, accompanied with a significant increase in the prevalence of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). Despite extensive epidemiologic study, the cause for GERD and the unexpected increases remain unexplainable. Microbes are among the environmental factors that may contribute to the etiology of GERD, but very little research has been done on the esophageal microbiome, particularly in its relation to GERD. This is the first comprehensive reported correlation between a change in the esophageal microbiome and esophageal diseases. METHODS: Biopsy samples of the distal esophagus were collected from 34 patients. Host phenotypes were histologically defined as normal, esophagitis, or Barrett's esophagus (intestinal metaplasia). Microbiomes from the biopsy samples were analyzed by bacterial 16S ribosomal RNA gene survey and classified into types using unsupervised cluster analysis and phenotype-guided analyses. Independence between host phenotypes and microbiome types were analyzed by Fisher exact test. RESULTS: Esophageal microbiomes can be classified into 2 types. The type I microbiome was dominated by the genus Streptococcus and concentrated in the phenotypically normal esophagus. Conversely, the type II microbiome contained a greater proportion of gram-negative anaerobes/microaerophiles and primarily correlated with esophagitis (odds ratio, 15.4) and Barrett's esophagus (odds ratio, 16.5). CONCLUSIONS: In the human distal esophagus, inflammation and intestinal metaplasia are associated with global alteration of the microbiome. These findings raise the issue of a possible role for dysbiosis in the pathogenesis of reflux-related disorders. Descriptors Adult, Analysis of Variance, Barrett Esophagus/genetics/microbiology/pathology, Biopsy, Needle, Case-Control Studies, Confidence Intervals, Esophagitis/genetics/microbiology/pathology, Female, Gastroesophageal Reflux/microbiology/pathology/physiopathology, Humans, Immunohistochemistry, Intestinal Mucosa/microbiology/pathology, Intestinal Neoplasms/microbiology/pathology, Male, Metagenome/genetics/physiology, Metaplasia/pathology, Middle Aged, Odds Ratio, Precancerous Conditions/pathology, Streptococcus/genetics/pathogenicity, Tissue Culture Techniques Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Yang,L., Lu,X., Nossa,C. W., Francois,F., Peek,R. M., Pei,Z. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20090423 PMCID PMC2963147 Editors
Indoor air contamination during a waterpipe (narghile) smoking session	2009	Department of Environmental Health, Bavarian Health and Food Safety Authority, Veterinarstrasse 2, D-85764 Oberschleissheim, Germany. hermann.fromme@lgl.bayern.de	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Food and chemical toxicology : an international journal published for the British Industrial Biological Research Association Periodical, Abbrev. Food Chem.Toxicol. Pub Date Free Form Jul Volume 47 Issue 7 Start Page 1636 Other Pages 1641 Notes LR: 20131121; JID: 8207483; 0 (Gases); 0 (Metals); 0 (Nitrogen Oxides); 0 (Particulate Matter); 0 (Polycyclic Hydrocarbons, Aromatic); 0 (Smoke); 0 (Tobacco Smoke Pollution); 7U1EE4V452 (Carbon Monoxide); CIN: Food Chem Toxicol. 2010 Mar;48(3):992-5; auth Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1873-6351; 0278-6915 Accession Number PMID: 19394392 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; IM DOI 10.1016/j.fct.2009.04.017 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 19394392 Abstract The smoke of waterpipe contains numerous substances of health concern, but people mistakenly believe that this smoking method is less harmful and addictive than cigarettes. An experiment was performed in a 57 m3 room on two dates with no smoking on the first date and waterpipe smoking for 4h on the second date. We measured volatile organic compounds (VOC), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), metals, carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen oxides (e.g. NO), as well as particle mass (PM), particle number concentration (PNC) and particle surface area in indoor air. High concentrations were observed for the target analytes during the 4-h smoking event. The median (90th percentile) values of PM(2.5), PNC, CO and NO were 393 (737 microg/m(3)), 289,000 (550,000 particles/cm(3)), 51 (65 ppm) and 0.11 (0.13 ppm), respectively. The particle size distribution has a maximum of particles relating to a diameter of 17 nm. The seven carcinogenic PAH were found to be a factor 2.6 higher during the smoking session compared to the control day. In conclusion, the observed indoor air contamination of different harmful substances during a WP session is high, and exposure may pose a health risk for smokers but in particular for non-smokers who are exposed to ETS. Descriptors Carbon Monoxide/analysis, Gases/analysis, Metals/analysis, Nitrogen Oxides/analysis, Particle Size, Particulate Matter/analysis, Pilot Projects, Polycyclic Hydrocarbons, Aromatic/analysis, Smoke/analysis, Smoking/adverse effects, Tobacco, Tobacco Smoke Pollution/analysis Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Fromme,H., Dietrich,S., Heitmann,D., Dressel,H., Diemer,J., Schulz,T., Jorres,R. A., Berlin,K., Volkel,W. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20090424 PMCID Editors
High school students who tried to quit smoking cigarettes--United States, 2007	2009		Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full MMWR.Morbidity and mortality weekly report Periodical, Abbrev. MMWR Morb.Mortal.Wkly.Rep. Pub Date Free Form 1-May Volume 58 Issue 16 Start Page 428 Other Pages 431 Notes JID: 7802429; ppublish Place of Publication United States ISSN/ISBN 1545-861X; 0149-2195 Accession Number PMID: 19407736 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; IM DOI mm5816a4 [pii] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 19407736 Abstract In the United States, cigarette use is the leading cause of preventable death, and most adult smokers started before the age of 18 years. Nicotine dependence maintains tobacco use and makes quitting difficult. Despite their relatively short smoking histories, many adolescents who smoke are nicotine dependent, and such dependence can lead to daily smoking. To examine the extent to which high school students had tried to quit smoking cigarettes, CDC analyzed data from the 2007 Youth Risk Behavior Survey (YRBS), a nationally representative survey of students in grades 9-12 in the United States. This report describes the results of that analysis, which found that 60.9% of students who ever smoked cigarettes daily tried to quit smoking cigarettes, and 12.2% were successful. These findings indicate that comprehensive tobacco control programs need to continue to implement community-based interventions that prevent initiation and increase cessation and increase the use of evidence-based cessation strategies for youths. Descriptors Adolescent, Adult, Data Collection, Female, Humans, Male, Prevalence, Smoking/epidemiology, Smoking Cessation/statistics & numerical data, Students, United States/epidemiology Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
7-O-methylkaempferol and -quercetin glycosides from the whole plant of Nervilia fordii	2009	State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, People's Republic of China.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Journal of natural products Periodical, Abbrev. J.Nat.Prod. Pub Date Free Form Jun Volume 72 Issue 6 Start Page 1057 Other Pages 1060 Notes LR: 20131121; JID: 7906882; 0 (Antiviral Agents); 0 (Drugs, Chinese Herbal); 0 (Glycosides); 0 (Umbelliferones); 9IKM0I5T1E (Quercetin); SM2XD6V944 (esculetin); ppublish Place of Publication United States ISSN/ISBN 1520-6025; 0163-3864 Accession Number PMID: 19422205 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.1021/np800760p [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 19422205 Abstract Five new 7-O-methylkaempferol and -quercetin glycosides, namely, nervilifordins A-E (1-5), were isolated from the whole plant of Nervilia fordii, together with seven known flavonoids (6, 7, and 9-13) and one known coumarin (8). Their structures were elucidated on the basis of extensive spectroscopic analyses, including HSQC, HMBC, ROESY, and chemical methods. Compounds 1-3 and 6-13 were evaluated for their anti-herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) activity and cytotoxicity on African green monkey kidney cells (Vero cells) in vitro. Of the tested compounds, only esculetin (8) exhibited antiviral activity against HSV-1, while the aglycones (11-13) showed stronger cytotoxicity on Vero cells than their glycosides (1-3, 6, and 7). Descriptors Animals, Antiviral Agents/chemistry/isolation & purification/pharmacology, Cercopithecus aethiops, Drugs, Chinese Herbal/chemistry/isolation & purification/pharmacology, Glycosides/chemistry/isolation & purification/pharmacology, Herpesvirus 1, Human/drug effects, Orchidaceae/chemistry, Plants, Medicinal/chemistry, Quercetin/chemistry/isolation & purification/pharmacology, Umbelliferones/chemistry/isolation & purification/pharmacology, Vero Cells Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Tian,L. W., Pei,Y., Zhang,Y. J., Wang,Y. F., Yang,C. R. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors

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