WTS database

Title	Pub Year	Author	SearchLink Sort descending
Overweight and perception of overweight as predictors of smokeless tobacco use and of cigarette smoking in a cohort of Swedish adolescents	2009	Department of Statistics, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Addiction (Abingdon, England) Periodical, Abbrev. Addiction Pub Date Free Form Apr Volume 104 Issue 4 Start Page 661 Other Pages 668 Notes JID: 9304118; 2009/02/10 [aheadofprint]; ppublish Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1360-0443; 0965-2140 Accession Number PMID: 19215597 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.1111/j.1360-0443.2009.02506.x [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 19215597 Abstract AIMS: To study the association between measured or perceived overweight in adolescence and subsequent uptake of cigarette smoking and of the Swedish smokeless tobacco 'snus' (oral moist snuff). DESIGN: Population-based prospective cohort study with 7 years' follow-up. SETTING: Self-administered questionnaires and school nurses' visits. PARTICIPANTS: A total of 2922 children of both sexes and mean age 11.6 years at recruitment, resident in the Stockholm region, Sweden. MEASUREMENTS: Tobacco use was self-reported at baseline and on six subsequent surveys. Subjects' height and weight were measured by school nurses during the first 4 years, self-reported thereafter. Overweight perception was self-reported at the age of 15 years. FINDINGS: Overweight and perception of overweight were not associated with subsequent uptake of either smoking or snus among males. Among females, overweight at baseline was associated with uptake of smoking [adjusted hazard ratio (HR) 1.34, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.09-1.63], but not of snus. A similar pattern was found with overweight status during follow-up. Among girls with low-educated parents, overweight at baseline predicted the uptake of both snus and smoking. Among 15-year-old females who never used tobacco perceived overweight was associated with subsequent uptake of smoking (adjusted HR 1.71, 95% CI 1.20-2.46), but not of snus. CONCLUSIONS: In Sweden, adolescent girls with actual or perceived overweight are at increased risk to start smoking, while indications that this increased risk applies to smokeless tobacco (snus) are limited to girls of low socio-economic status. Descriptors Adolescent, Child, Educational Status, Female, Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice, Humans, Male, Models, Statistical, Overweight/epidemiology/psychology/therapy, Parent-Child Relations, Prospective Studies, Risk Assessment, Smoking/prevention & control/psychology, Sweden/epidemiology, Tobacco, Smokeless Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Caria,M. P., Bellocco,R., Zambon,A., Horton,N. J., Galanti,M. R. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20090210 PMCID Editors
Comparison of two extraction methods for the determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in surface soils using headspace SPME with GC-FID	2009	Departamento de Quimica Aplicada, Facultad de Quimica, Universidad del Pais Vasco, Apdo. 1072, 20080, San Sebastian, Spain.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Journal of chromatographic science Periodical, Abbrev. J.Chromatogr.Sci. Pub Date Free Form Feb Volume 47 Issue 2 Start Page 97 Other Pages 102 Notes JID: 0173225; 0 (Polycyclic Hydrocarbons, Aromatic); 0 (Soil); 0 (Soil Pollutants); ppublish Place of Publication United States ISSN/ISBN 0021-9665; 0021-9665 Accession Number PMID: 19222916 Language eng SubFile Comparative Study; Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Validation Studies; IM DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 19222916 Abstract Two simple methods using headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) coupled to a gas chromatograph with a flame ionization detector were compared for the determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) in soils. These compounds were included in the US Environmental Protection Agency's Priority Pollutants list. Direct hot water HS-SPME extraction and sonication organic extraction followed by HS-SPME were optimized using experimental designs. The first method was chosen for PAH determination. The validation of the proposed method was carried out by analyzing PAHs in the certified soil reference material RTC-CRM 123. The accuracy obtained for the PAHs was shown to be inside the prediction interval with the certified material. The optimized method was applied to the analysis of several superficial soils from Gipuzkoa (Basque Country, North Spain). Descriptors Chromatography, Gas/methods, Flame Ionization, Polycyclic Hydrocarbons, Aromatic/analysis, Reproducibility of Results, Soil/analysis, Soil Pollutants/analysis, Solid Phase Microextraction/methods, Spain Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Zuazagoitia,D., Millan,E., Garcia-Arrona,R. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Bone mineral density and risk of fractures in aging, obese post-menopausal women with type 2 diabetes. The GIUMO Study	2009	University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Investigation Group on Osteoporosis, Hospital University Insular, Bone Metabolic Unit, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Canary Islands, Spain. msosa@ono.com	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Aging clinical and experimental research Periodical, Abbrev. Aging Clin.Exp.Res. Pub Date Free Form Feb Volume 21 Issue 1 Start Page 27 Other Pages 32 Notes LR: 20131121; JID: 101132995; 0 (Blood Glucose); 0 (Cholesterol, LDL); 0 (Hemoglobin A, Glycosylated); 0 (Triglycerides); 0 (hemoglobin A1c protein, human); 97C5T2UQ7J (Cholesterol); ppublish Place of Publication Italy ISSN/ISBN 1594-0667; 1594-0667 Accession Number PMID: 19225266 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 5712 [pii] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 19225266 Abstract BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) has a high prevalence in aging obese postmenopausal women. It is not clear whether or not diabetes produces an increase in bone mineral density or an increase in fracture rates. OBJECTIVE: The main objective of this study was to investigate whether type 2 DM produces a higher prevalence of vertebral, hip and non-vertebral fractures in obese postmenopausal Caucasian women. A secondary objective was to study the influence of DM in quantitative ultrasound measurements of the heel (QUS) and bone mineral density (BMD) measured by dual X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), in both lumbar spine (L2-L4) and proximal femur. METHOD: This study was a prospective cohort of 111 patients with type 2 DM and 91 control individuals (CTR) over age 65 and obese, recruited from 16 centers in Spain. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Lateral dorsal and lumbar X-rays were performed to assess vertebral fractures. Hip and non-vertebral fractures were noted from medical records, written reports or Xray studies. QUS measurements were made of the calcaneus and BMD measurements of the lumbar spine (L2-L4) and proximal femur. RESULTS: Patients had higher BMD in the lumbar spine (L2-L4) than controls (0.979 g/cm2 vs 0.927 g/cm2, p=0.035), but we found no statistically significant differences in the proximal femur. QUS measurements showed similar values in both groups: BUA (69.3 dB/Mhz vs 66.7 dB/Mhz, p=0.291), SOS (1537 m/sg vs 1532 m/sg, p=0.249) and QUI (87.5 vs 83.7, p=0.153). No statistically significant differences were found in any case. There was no association between vertebral, hip and non-vertebral fractures and DM. The crude odds ratio, without adjusting was 1.045 (CI 95% 0.531 ; 2.059), and the adjusted odds ratio was 0.927 (CI 95% 0.461 ; 1.863). CONCLUSIONS: In obese postmenopausal Caucasian women, type 2 DM produces an increase in BMD of the lumbar spine without changes in BMD of the proximal femur or in QUS measurements of the heel. The prevalence of vertebral, hip and non-vertebral fractures did not increase in type 2 DM. Descriptors Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Aging/physiology, Blood Glucose/metabolism, Bone Density, Cholesterol/blood, Cholesterol, LDL/blood, Cross-Sectional Studies, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/blood/complications, European Continental Ancestry Group, Female, Femur/chemistry, Fractures, Bone/complications/epidemiology/etiology, Hemoglobin A, Glycosylated/metabolism, Humans, Lumbar Vertebrae/chemistry/pathology, Obesity/blood/complications, Postmenopause, Prevalence, Risk Factors, Spain/epidemiology, Spinal Fractures/epidemiology, Triglycerides/blood Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Sosa,M., Saavedra,P., Jodar,E., Lozano-Tonkin,C., Quesada,J. M., Torrijos,A., Perez-Cano,R., Nogues,X., Diaz-Curiel,M., Moro,M. J., Gomez,C., Mosquera,J., Alegre,J., Olmos,J., Munoz-Torres,M., Guanabens,N., Del Pino,J., Hawkins,F., GIUMO Study Group Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
A novel dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction based on solidification of floating organic droplet method for determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in aqueous samples	2009	Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China. huixu@mail.ccnu.edu.cn	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Analytica Chimica Acta Periodical, Abbrev. Anal.Chim.Acta Pub Date Free Form 16-Mar Volume 636 Issue 1 Start Page 28 Other Pages 33 Notes LR: 20131121; JID: 0370534; 0 (Polycyclic Hydrocarbons, Aromatic); 0 (Water Pollutants, Chemical); 059QF0KO0R (Water); 178A96NLP2 (Dodecanol); 2008/10/25 [received]; 2008/12/24 [revised]; 2009/01/14 [accepted]; 2009/01/21 [aheadofprint]; ppublish Place of Publication Netherlands ISSN/ISBN 1873-4324; 0003-2670 Accession Number PMID: 19231352 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.1016/j.aca.2009.01.028 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 19231352 Abstract A new dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction based on solidification of floating organic droplet method (DLLME-SFO) was developed for the determination of five kinds of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in environmental water samples. In this method, no specific holder, such as the needle tip of microsyringe and the hollow fiber, is required for supporting the organic microdrop due to the using of organic solvent with low density and proper melting point. Furthermore, the extractant droplet can be collected easily by solidifying it in the lower temperature. 1-Dodecanol was chosen as extraction solvent in this work. A series of parameters that influence extraction were investigated systematically. Under optimal conditions, enrichment factors (EFs) for PAHs were in the range of 88-118. The limit of detections (LODs) for naphthalene, diphenyl, acenaphthene, anthracene and fluoranthene were 0.045, 0.86, 0.071, 1.1 and 0.66ngmL(-1), respectively. Good reproducibility and recovery of the method were also obtained. Compared with the traditional liquid-phase microextraction (LPME) and dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME) methods, the proposed method obtained about 2 times higher enrichment factor than those in LPME. Moreover, the solidification of floating organic solvent facilitated the phase transfer. And most importantly, it avoided using high-density and toxic solvent in the traditional DLLME method. The proposed method was successfully applied to determinate PAHs in the environmental water samples. The simple and low-cost method provides an alternative method for the analysis of non-polar compounds in complex environmental water. Descriptors Dodecanol/chemistry, Environmental Monitoring, Phase Transition, Polycyclic Hydrocarbons, Aromatic/analysis/isolation & purification, Reproducibility of Results, Temperature, Time Factors, Water/chemistry, Water Pollutants, Chemical/analysis/isolation & purification Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Xu,H., Ding,Z., Lv,L., Song,D., Feng,Y. Q. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20090121 PMCID Editors
Shear bond strength of orthodontic brackets bonded with self-etching primer to intact and pre-conditioned human enamel	2008	Department of Orthodontics, School of Dental Medicine, Saint Joseph University, Beirut, Lebanon. elie.el-amm@usj.edu.lb	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Journal of orofacial orthopedics = Fortschritte der Kieferorthopadie : Organ/official journal Deutsche Gesellschaft fur Kieferorthopadie Periodical, Abbrev. J.Orofac.Orthop. Pub Date Free Form Sep Volume 69 Issue 5 Start Page 383 Other Pages 392 Notes LR: 20141120; JID: 9713484; 0 (Resin Cements); 0 (Transbond Plus Self-Etching Primer); ppublish Place of Publication Germany ISSN/ISBN 1434-5293; 1434-5293 Accession Number PMID: 19238890 Language eng; ger SubFile Comparative Study; Journal Article; D; IM DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 19238890 Abstract OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the shear bond strength of orthodontic bracket when bonded to pre-conditioned and intact enamel using a self-etching primer within 6 hours and after thermal cycling. MATERIAL AND METHODS: One hundred and twenty freshly-extracted human teeth were divided into four groups according to how the buccal surface to be bonded had been pre-conditioned: 1) acid-etched with 37% phosphoric acid, 2) sand-blasted with 50 microns aluminum-oxide, 3) matted with diamond burr, and 4) intact enamel used as control. Orthodontic metal brackets were bonded to the teeth using the same composite resin (Transbond XT) and self-etching primer (Transbond Plus Self-Etching Primer). Brackets were debonded within 6 hours or after thermal cycling for 2500 times (5 degrees C--37 degrees C--55 degrees C). Shear bond strength was measured on a testing machine at a crosshead speed of 3 mm/min. The bracket-failure interface was quantified according to the modified adhesive remnant index score (ARI). Data were analyzed using the two-way ANOVA test, Scheffe confidence interval of differences of means, and the chi-square test (p < 0.05). RESULTS: All the pre-conditioned groups showed significantly higher shear bond strength before and after thermal cycling than the control group. There was no significant correlation between thermal cycling and shear bond strength. The ARI scores revealed that the bond failed primarily on the adhesive-enamel interface in all groups before and after thermal cycling, with the exception of the acid-etched group, whose bonds failed mainly on the adhesive-bracket interface after thermal cycling. CONCLUSION: The authors recommend that the enamel be preconditioned before applying the self-etching primer when greater shear bond strength is desired. Descriptors Acid Etching, Dental/methods, Dental Bonding/methods, Humans, In Vitro Techniques, Orthodontic Brackets, Resin Cements, Shear Strength Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Amm,E. W., Hardan,L. S., BouSerhal,J. P., Glasl,B., Ludwig,B. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Incorporation of natural uncultivable Legionella pneumophila into potable water biofilms provides a protective niche against chlorination stress	2009	IBB-Institute for Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Centre of Biological Engineering, Universidade do Minho, Braga, Portugal. salome.giao@deb.uminho.pt	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Biofouling Periodical, Abbrev. Biofouling Pub Date Free Form Volume 25 Issue 4 Start Page 335 Other Pages 341 Notes LR: 20131121; JID: 9200331; 0 (Culture Media); 0 (Disinfectants); 0 (Peptide Nucleic Acids); 4R7X1O2820 (Chlorine); ppublish Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1029-2454; 0892-7014 Accession Number PMID: 19241230 Language eng SubFile Evaluation Studies; Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.1080/08927010902802232 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 19241230 Abstract Legionella pneumophila is a waterborne pathogen that has been isolated sporadically from drinking water distribution systems (DWDS). Resistance to disinfectants is mainly attributed to the association of cells with amoebae, but biofilms are also thought to provide some degree of protection. In the present work, a two-stage chemostat was used to form heterotrophic biofilms from drinking water to study the influence of chlorine on the presence of naturally occurring L. pneumophila. The pathogen was tracked in planktonic and sessile biofilm phases using standard culture recovery techniques for cultivable cells and a peptide nucleic acid fluorescence in situ hybridisation assay for total cells. The results showed that the total number of L. pneumophila cells in biofilms was not affected by the concentrations of chlorine tested, and the presence of L. pneumophila could not be detected by culturing. To restrict the outbreaks of disease caused by this bacterium, efforts need to be concentrated on preventing L. pneumophila from re-entering an infectious state by maintaining residual disinfectant levels through the entire DWDS network so that the resuscitation of cells via contact with amoebae is prevented. Descriptors Biofilms/drug effects/growth & development, Chlorine/analysis/pharmacology, Colony Count, Microbial, Culture Media, Disinfectants/analysis/pharmacology, Disinfection/methods, Fresh Water/microbiology, Halogenation, In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence, Legionella pneumophila/drug effects/genetics/growth & development/isolation & purification, Peptide Nucleic Acids/genetics, Plankton/growth & development, Water Microbiology, Water Supply Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Giao,M. S., Wilks,S., Azevedo,N. F., Vieira,M. J., Keevil,C. W. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Antifungal activity of strains of lactic acid bacteria isolated from a semolina ecosystem against Penicillium roqueforti, Aspergillus niger and Endomyces fibuliger contaminating bakery products	2009	Institute of Sciences of Food Production, National Research Council, 70126 Bari, Italy.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Systematic and applied microbiology Periodical, Abbrev. Syst.Appl.Microbiol. Pub Date Free Form Sep Volume 32 Issue 6 Start Page 438 Other Pages 448 Notes LR: 20131121; GENBANK/FJ428224; GENBANK/FJ429974; GENBANK/FJ429975; GENBANK/FJ429976; GENBANK/FJ429977; GENBANK/FJ429978; GENBANK/FJ429979; GENBANK/FJ429980; GENBANK/FJ429981; GENBANK/FJ429982; GENBANK/FJ429983; GENBANK/FJ429984; GENBANK/FJ429985; GENBANK Place of Publication Germany ISSN/ISBN 1618-0984; 0723-2020 Accession Number PMID: 19243908 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.1016/j.syapm.2009.01.004 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 19243908 Abstract Thirty samples of Italian durum wheat semolina and whole durum wheat semolina, generally used for the production of Southern Italy's traditional breads, were subjected to microbiological analysis in order to explore their lactic acid bacteria (LAB) diversity and to find strains with antifungal activity. A total of 125 presumptive LAB isolates (Gram-positive and catalase-negative) were characterized by repetitive extragenic palindromic-PCR (REP-PCR) and sequence analysis of the 16S rRNA gene, leading to the identification of the following species: Weissella confusa, Weissella cibaria, Leuconostoc citreum, Leuconostoc mesenteroides, Lactococcus lactis, Lactobacillus rossiae and Lactobacillus plantarum. The REP-PCR results delineated 17 different patterns whose cluster analysis clearly differentiated W. cibaria from W. confusa isolates. Seventeen strains, each characterized by a different REP-PCR pattern, were screened for their antifungal properties. They were grown in a flour-based medium, comparable to a real food system, and the resulting fermentation products (FPs) were tested against fungal species generally contaminating bakery products, Aspergillus niger, Penicillium roqueforti and Endomyces fibuliger. The results of the study indicated a strong inhibitory activity - comparable to that obtained with the common preservative calcium propionate (0.3% w/v) - of ten LAB strains against the most widespread contaminant of bakery products, P. roqueforti. The screening also highlighted the unexplored antifungal activity of L. citreum, L. rossiae and W. cibaria (1 strain), which inhibited all fungal strains to the same or a higher extent compared with calcium propionate. The fermentation products of these three strains were characterized by low pH values, and a high content of lactic and acetic acids. Descriptors Acetic Acid/metabolism/pharmacology, Antibiosis, Aspergillus niger/drug effects/growth & development, Bread/microbiology, Ecosystem, Endomyces/drug effects/growth & development, Food Contamination/prevention & control, Fungi/classification/drug effects/growth & development, Italy, Lactic Acid/metabolism/pharmacology, Lactobacillaceae/genetics/growth & development/isolation & purification/metabolism, Lactobacillus/genetics/growth & development/isolation & purification/metabolism, Lactobacillus plantarum/genetics/growth & development/isolation & purification/metabolism, Leuconostoc/genetics/growth & development/isolation & purification/metabolism, Microbial Sensitivity Tests, Molecular Sequence Data, Penicillium/drug effects/growth & development, Polymerase Chain Reaction/methods, RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/genetics, Sequence Analysis, DNA, Streptococcaceae/genetics/growth & development/isolation & purification/metabolism, Triticum/drug effects/microbiology Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Valerio,F., Favilla,M., De Bellis,P., Sisto,A., de Candia,S., Lavermicocca,P. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20090224 PMCID Editors
Periodontal conditions of individuals with Sjogren's syndrome	2009	Postgraduate Program in Dentistry, Brazilian Lutheran University, Canoas, RS, Brazil. raquelantoniazzi@hotmail.com	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Journal of periodontology Periodical, Abbrev. J.Periodontol. Pub Date Free Form Mar Volume 80 Issue 3 Start Page 429 Other Pages 435 Notes JID: 8000345; 0 (Interleukin-1beta); EC 3.4.21.36 (Pancreatic Elastase); ppublish Place of Publication United States ISSN/ISBN 0022-3492; 0022-3492 Accession Number PMID: 19254127 Language eng SubFile Comparative Study; Journal Article; Multicenter Study; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; D; IM DOI 10.1902/jop.2009.080350 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 19254127 Abstract BACKGROUND: Sjogren's syndrome (SjS) is a systemic autoimmune disease that might lead to hyposalivation and negatively affect the oral environment. The evidence with regard to the periodontal conditions in this group of subjects is still controversial. This study aimed to evaluate the periodontal clinical conditions and inflammatory markers in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) from patients with primary Sjogren's syndrome (SjS [P]) or secondary Sjogren's syndrome (SjS [S]) compared to a control group. METHODS: Nineteen individuals with SjS (11 SjS [P] and eight SjS [S]) and 19 controls, matched for gender, age, and tobacco exposure, were selected from two private clinics and a hospital. The groups were compared for stimulated whole saliva (SWS) flow rate, plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), probing depth (PD), bleeding on probing (BOP), clinical attachment level (CAL), and total amount of interleukin (IL)-1beta and total elastase activity in the GCF. Generalized estimating equations were used for data analysis. RESULTS: Individuals with SjS had a significantly lower SWS flow rate and higher mean PI, GI, PD, CAL, and BOP than controls. After adjustment for plaque, GI remained significantly higher in patients with SjS. Patients with SjS (S) had significantly higher mean CAL and PD than patients with SjS (P), and CAL and BOP remained significantly higher in this subgroup after adjustment. No differences were observed with regard to the GCF inflammatory markers. After adjusting for PD, subjects with SjS (P) showed lower levels of IL-1beta compared to controls. CONCLUSION: SjS seemed to negatively affect the periodontal condition because gingival inflammation was more evident in the individuals with SjS, particularly those with SjS (S). Descriptors Autoimmune Diseases/immunology, Case-Control Studies, Dental Plaque Index, Female, Gingival Crevicular Fluid/chemistry, Gingival Hemorrhage/etiology/immunology, Gingivitis/etiology/immunology, Humans, Interleukin-1beta/analysis, Male, Middle Aged, Pancreatic Elastase/analysis, Periodontal Attachment Loss/etiology/immunology, Periodontal Diseases/etiology/immunology, Periodontal Index, Periodontal Pocket/etiology/immunology, Saliva/immunology/secretion, Secretory Rate/physiology, Sjogren's Syndrome/complications/drug therapy/immunology, Smoking Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Antoniazzi,R. P., Miranda,L. A., Zanatta,F. B., Islabao,A. G., Gustafsson,A., Chiapinotto,G. A., Oppermann,R. V. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Results from the Albanian Adult Tobacco Survey	2008	International Tobacco Control Research, American Cancer Society, 250 Williams St. NW, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA. hana.ross@cancer.org	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Central European journal of public health Periodical, Abbrev. Cent.Eur.J.Public Health Pub Date Free Form Dec Volume 16 Issue 4 Start Page 182 Other Pages 188 Notes JID: 9417324; 0 (Tobacco Smoke Pollution); ppublish Place of Publication Czech Republic ISSN/ISBN 1210-7778; 1210-7778 Accession Number PMID: 19256287 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; IM DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 19256287 Abstract Tobacco use prevalence in Europe is characterized by large disparities, with Western nations reporting smoking rates generally below 25%, while Eastern nations have smoking rates usually above 30%. Albania provides a distressing case study for Eastern Europe in which the exposure to the West after the fall of the communist regime dramatically increased the availability of Western-type cigarettes, while adoption of counterbalancing tobacco control measures lagged far behind. Results based on the representative Albanian Adult Tobacco Survey (AATS) conducted in 2007 suggest that smoking is a major problem, with a 64% smoking prevalence among Albanian men. It is becoming an increasingly greater concern among women, whose smoking prevalence more than doubled since 1990, reaching 19% in 2007. Young women living in urban areas are particularly susceptible to tobacco use; about one-third of them reported that they smoke. About 85% of current smokers smoke daily and with very high intensity, which further increases their risk of dying of smoking-attributable diseases. Smoking and secondhand exposure kill about 3,800 Albanians per year, about one-fifth of all deaths in the country. In addition, tobacco use imposes opportunity costs on Albanian households, which spent $358.6 million on cigarettes in 2007, or about 6% of the gross domestic product (GDP). To reduce the health and economic burden caused by tobacco use, the Albanian government should implement and enforce evidence-based tobacco control policies such increasing cigarette taxes; promoting cessation, particularly via the health care system; and enacting stricter clean indoor air laws. Descriptors Adolescent, Adult, Age Distribution, Aged, Albania/epidemiology, Family Characteristics, Female, Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice, Health Surveys, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Prevalence, Risk-Taking, Rural Population, Sex Distribution, Smoking/adverse effects/epidemiology, Smoking Cessation/statistics & numerical data, Social Control Policies, Social Problems, Tobacco Smoke Pollution/adverse effects/statistics & numerical data, Tobacco Use Disorder/complications/epidemiology, Urban Population, Young Adult Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Ross,H., Zaloshnja,E., Levy,D. T., Tole,D. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
A novel multiwalled carbon nanotubes bonded fused-silica fiber for solid phase microextraction-gas chromatographic analysis of phenols in water samples	2009	Key Laboratory for Natural Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Talanta Periodical, Abbrev. Talanta Pub Date Free Form 15-May Volume 78 Issue 3 Start Page 929 Other Pages 935 Notes LR: 20131121; JID: 2984816R; 0 (Nanotubes, Carbon); 0 (Phenols); 059QF0KO0R (Water); 7631-86-9 (Silicon Dioxide); 2008/11/04 [received]; 2008/12/23 [revised]; 2008/12/30 [accepted]; 2009/01/20 [aheadofprint]; ppublish Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1873-3573; 0039-9140 Accession Number PMID: 19269452 Language eng SubFile Evaluation Studies; Journal Article; IM DOI 10.1016/j.talanta.2008.12.061 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 19269452 Abstract The present work reports on the synthesis of chemically bonded multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs)/fused-silica fibers and their use in solid phase microextraction of seven phenols from water samples coupled with gas chromatography (GC). The synthetic strategy was verified by infrared (IR) spectroscopy and field emission scanning electron microscopy. Adsorption factors (pH, ionic strength, stirring rate, adsorption time and temperature) and desorption factors (time and temperature) of the fibers were systematically investigated. Detection limits to seven phenols were less than 0.05 microg L(-1), and their calibration curves were all linear (R(2)> or =0.9984) in the range from 0.05 to 5000 microg L(-1). This method was then utilized to analyze two real water samples from Yellow River and sanitary wastewater, resulting in satisfactory results. Compared with normal solid phase materials, this MWCNTs-bonded fused-silica fibers showed a number of advantages: wide linear range and low detection limit for extracting phenols couple with GC, and good stability in acid, alkali, organic solvents and at high temperature. Descriptors Chromatography, Gas/methods, Nanotubes, Carbon, Phenols/analysis, Silicon Dioxide, Solid Phase Microextraction/methods, Water/analysis Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Liu,H., Li,J., Liu,X., Jiang,S. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20090120 PMCID Editors

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