Image
WTS Database
The subject of interest is:
waterpipe, water-pipe, nargile, narghile, arguileh, arguile, shisha, sheesha, chichi, hubble bubble, hubbly bubbly, goza, hookah, bong
| Title Sort descending | Pub Year | Author | SearchLink |
|---|---|---|---|
| Fast and sensitive environmental analysis utilizing microextraction in packed syringe online with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry: determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in water | 2006 | University College of South Stockholm, SE-141 89 Stockholm, Sweden. | Read more... |
|
Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Journal of chromatography.A
Periodical, Abbrev.
J.Chromatogr.A
Pub Date Free Form
12-May
Volume
1114
Issue
2
Start Page
234
Other Pages
238
Notes
LR: 20090115; JID: 9318488; 0 (Polycyclic Hydrocarbons, Aromatic); 0 (Water Pollutants, Chemical); 2005/12/01 [received]; 2006/01/29 [revised]; 2006/02/10 [accepted]; 2006/03/03 [aheadofprint]; ppublish
Place of Publication
Netherlands
ISSN/ISBN
0021-9673; 0021-9673
Accession Number
PMID: 16515791
Language
eng
SubFile
Journal Article; Validation Studies; IM
DOI
S0021-9673(06)00371-2 [pii]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
16515791
Abstract
A new sensitive, selective, fast and accurate technique for online sample preparation was developed. Microextraction in a packed syringe (MEPS) is a new miniaturised, solid-phase extraction (SPE) technique that can be connected online to GC or LC without any modifications. In MEPS approximately 1mg of the solid packing material is inserted into a syringe (100-250 ml) as a plug. Sample preparation takes place on the packed bed. The bed can be coated to provide selective and suitable sampling conditions. The new method is very promising. It is very easy to use, fully automated, of low cost and rapid in comparison with previously used methods. The determination of polycyclic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in water was performed using MEPS as sample preparation method online with gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (MEPS-GC-MS). The results from MEPS as sample preparation were compared with other techniques such as stir bar sorptive extraction (SBSE) and solid-phase microextraction (SPME). The method was validated and the standard curves were evaluated by the means of quadratic regression and weighted by inverse of the concentration: 1/x for the calibration range 5-1,000 ng/L. The MEPS applied polymer (silica-C8) could be used more than 400 times before the syringe was discarded. The extraction recovery was about 70%. The results showed close correlation coefficients (R>0.998) for all analytes in the calibration range studied. The accuracy of MEPS-GC-MS was between 90 and 113% and the inter-day precision (n=3 days), expressed as the relative standard deviation (RSD%), was 8-16%. MEPS reduced the handling time by 30 and 100 times compared to SPME and SBSE, respectively.
Descriptors
Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry/methods, Polycyclic Hydrocarbons, Aromatic/analysis, Reproducibility of Results, Sensitivity and Specificity, Syringes, Water Pollutants, Chemical/analysis
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
Data Source
Authors
El-Beqqali,A., Kussak,A., Abdel-Rehim,M.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
20060303
PMCID
Editors
|
|||
| Fast liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry for the analysis of bisphenol A-diglycidyl ether, bisphenol F-diglycidyl ether and their derivatives in canned food and beverages | 2011 | Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Barcelona, Marti i Franques 1-11, 08028 Barcelona, Spain. | Read more... |
|
Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Journal of chromatography.A
Periodical, Abbrev.
J.Chromatogr.A
Pub Date Free Form
25-Mar
Volume
1218
Issue
12
Start Page
1603
Other Pages
1610
Notes
LR: 20131121; CI: Copyright (c) 2011; JID: 9318488; 0 (Benzhydryl Compounds); 0 (Epoxy Compounds); 0 (bisphenol F diglycidyl ether); F3XRM1NX4H (2,2-bis(4-glycidyloxyphenyl)propane); 2010/09/17 [received]; 2011/01/07 [revised]; 2011/01/11 [accepted]; 2011
Place of Publication
Netherlands
ISSN/ISBN
1873-3778; 0021-9673
Accession Number
PMID: 21333297
Language
eng
SubFile
Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM
DOI
10.1016/j.chroma.2011.01.026 [doi]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
21333297
Abstract
In this work a fast liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method using a C18 Fused Core column, was developed for the simultaneous analysis of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE), bisphenol A (2,3-dihydroxypropyl) glycidyl ether (BADGE.H(2)O), bisphenol A bis(2,3-dihydroxypropyl) ether (BADGE.2H(2)O), bisphenol A (3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyl) glycidyl ether (BADGE.HCl), bisphenol A bis(3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyl) ether (BADGE.2HCl) and bisphenol A (3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyl)(2,3-dihydroxypropyl ether) (BADGE.HCl.H(2)O) and bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE), bisphenol F bis(2,3-dihydroxypropyl) ether (BFDGE.2H(2)O), bisphenol F bis(3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyl) ether (BFDGE.2HCl). The LC method was coupled with a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer, using an ESI source in positive mode and using the [M+NH(4)](+) adduct as precursor ion for tandem mass spectrometry experiments. The method developed was applied to the determination of these compounds in canned soft drinks and canned food. OASIS HLB solid phase extraction (SPE) cartridges were used for the analysis of soft drinks, while solid canned food was extracted with ethyl acetate. Method limits of quantitation ranged from 0.13 mugL(-1) to 1.6 mugL(-1) in soft drinks and 1.0 mugkg(-1) to 4.0 mugkg(-1) in food samples. BADGE.2H(2)O was detected in all the analyzed samples, while other BADGEs such as BADGE.H(2)O, BADGE.HCl.H(2)O, BADGE.HCl and BADGE.2HCl were also detected in canned foods.
Descriptors
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
Elsevier B.V
Data Source
Authors
Gallart-Ayala,H., Moyano,E., Galceran,M.T.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
20110118
PMCID
Editors
|
|||
| Fatal alveolar haemorrhage following a "bang" of cannabis | 2011 | Service de pneumologie, hopital d'instruction des armees, 29240 Brest Armees, France. | Read more... |
|
Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Revue des maladies respiratoires
Periodical, Abbrev.
Rev.Mal.Respir.
Pub Date Free Form
Sep
Volume
28
Issue
7
Start Page
919
Other Pages
923
Notes
CI: Copyright (c) 2011; JID: 8408032; 0 (Acids); 0 (Anti-Bacterial Agents); 0 (Plastics); CIN: Rev Mal Respir. 2011 Sep;28(7):854-5. PMID: 21943529; 2009/08/26 [received]; 2011/01/04 [accepted]; 2011/07/07 [aheadofprint]; ppublish
Place of Publication
France
ISSN/ISBN
1776-2588; 0761-8425
Accession Number
PMID: 21943539
Language
fre
SubFile
Case Reports; English Abstract; Journal Article; IM
DOI
10.1016/j.rmr.2011.05.005 [doi]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
21943539
Abstract
The new methods of cannabis consumption (home made water pipe or "bang") may be responsible for fatal respiratory complications. We present a case, with fatal outcome, of a man of 19 years with no previous history other than an addiction to cannabis using "bang". He was admitted to intensive care with acute dyspnoea. A CT scan showed bilateral, diffuse alveolar shadowing. He was anaemic with an Hb of 9.3g/l. Bronchoalveolar lavage revealed massive alveolar haemorrhage. Investigations for infection and immunological disorder were negative and toxicology was negative except for cannabis. Antibiotic treatment was given and favourable progress allowed early discharge. Death occurred 15 days later due to alveolar haemorrhage following a further "bang" of cannabis. Autopsy showed toxic alveolar haemorrhage. The probable mechanism is pulmonary damage due to acid anhydrides released by the incomplete combustion of cannabis in contact with plastic. These acids have a double effect on the lungs: a direct toxicity with severe inflammation of the mucosa leading to alveolar haemorrhage and subsequently the acid anhydrides may lead to the syndrome of intra-alveolar haemorrhage and anaemia described in occupational lung diseases by Herbert in Oxford in 1979. It manifests itself by haemoptysis and intravascular haemolysis. We draw attention to the extremely serious potential consequences of new methods of using cannabis, particularly the use of "bang" in homemade plastic materials.
Descriptors
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
SPLF. Published by Elsevier Masson SAS
Data Source
Authors
Grassin,F., Andre,M., Rallec,B., Combes,E., Vinsonneau,U., Paleiron,N.
Original/Translated Title
Hemorragie alveolaire fatale apres bang de cannabis
URL
Date of Electronic
20110707
PMCID
Editors
|
|||
| Fatores associados à experimentação do narguilé entre adolescentes | 2013 | Read more... | |
|
Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
J Pediatr
Periodical, Abbrev.
J.Pediatr.
Pub Date Free Form
Volume
89
Issue
6
Start Page
583
Other Pages
587
Notes
ID: 697133
Place of Publication
ISSN/ISBN
Accession Number
Language
pt
SubFile
DOI
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: to determine the prevalence and to analyze factors associated with hookah use initiation among adolescents. METHODS: this was a cross-sectional study, in which questionnaires were collected from 495 students attending public and private schools of the urban area of the city of Várzea Grande, in the state of Mato Grosso, Brazil. Data were analyzed through descriptive, bivariate, and multiple Poisson regression analyses. RESULTS: a total of 19.7% students had tried a hookah. The use of hookah was associated with the final period of adolescence PR = 6.54 (2.79, 15.32)]; enrollment in private schools PR = 2.23 (1.73, 2.88)]; and presence of work activities PR = 1.80 (1.17, 2.78)]. CONCLUSION: the proportion of adolescents that had tried a hookah was high. The influence of age, work activities, and class period on smoking initiation using the hookah was observed. Preventive measures encompassing all forms of tobacco smoking should be targeted at adolescents in the school environment, aiming at tobacco use control.(AU)
Descriptors
Links
http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0021-75572013000600011
Book Title
Database
LILACS; http://www.globalhealthlibrary.net/
Publisher
Data Source
Authors
Reveles,Caroline C., Segri,Neuber J., Botelho,Clovis
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
PMCID
Editors
|
|||
| FDA moves to regulate e-cigarettes and pipe and hookah tobacco | 2014 | Seattle. | Read more... |
|
Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
Periodical, Abbrev.
BMJ
Pub Date Free Form
25-Apr
Volume
348
Issue
Start Page
g2952
Other Pages
Notes
JID: 8900488; epublish
Place of Publication
England
ISSN/ISBN
1756-1833; 0959-535X
Accession Number
PMID: 24769725
Language
eng
SubFile
News; AIM; IM
DOI
10.1136/bmj.g2952 [doi]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
24769725
Abstract
Descriptors
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
Data Source
Authors
McCarthy,M.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
20140425
PMCID
Editors
|
|||
| Feasibility and Quit Rates of the Tobacco Status Project: A Facebook Smoking Cessation Intervention for Young Adults | 2015 | Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States. danielle.ramo@ucsf.edu. | Read more... |
|
Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Journal of medical Internet research
Periodical, Abbrev.
J.Med.Internet Res.
Pub Date Free Form
31-Dec
Volume
17
Issue
12
Start Page
e291
Other Pages
Notes
LR: 20160217; GR: K23 DA018691/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States; GR: K23 DA032578/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States; GR: K23 DA032578/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States; GR: P50 DA009253/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States; GR: P50 DA09253/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States; GR
Place of Publication
Canada
ISSN/ISBN
1438-8871; 1438-8871
Accession Number
PMID: 26721211
Language
eng
SubFile
Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM
DOI
10.2196/jmir.5209 [doi]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
26721211
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Young adult smokers are a challenging group to engage in smoking cessation interventions. With wide reach and engagement among users, Facebook offers opportunity to engage young people in socially supportive communities for quitting smoking and sustaining abstinence. OBJECTIVE: We developed and tested initial efficacy, engagement, and acceptability of the Tobacco Status Project, a smoking cessation intervention for young adults delivered within Facebook. METHODS: The intervention was based on the US Public Health Service Clinical Practice Guidelines and the Transtheoretical Model and enrolled participants into study-run 3-month secret Facebook groups matched on readiness to quit smoking. Cigarette smokers (N=79) aged 18-25, who used Facebook on most days, were recruited via Facebook. All participants received the intervention and were randomized to one of three monetary incentive groups tied to engagement (commenting in groups). Assessments were completed at baseline, 3-, 6-, and 12-months follow-up. Analyses examined retention, smoking outcomes over 12 months (7-day point prevalence abstinence, >/=50% reduction in cigarettes smoked, quit attempts and strategies used, readiness to quit), engagement, and satisfaction with the intervention. RESULTS: Retention was 82% (65/79) at 6 months and 72% (57/79) at 12 months. From baseline to 12-months follow-up, there was a significant increase in the proportion prepared to quit (10/79, 13%; 36/79, 46%, P<.001 over="" a="" third="" reduced="" their="" cigarette="" consumption="" by="" or="" greater="" and="" made="" at="" least="" one="" quit="" attempt="" during="" the="" study.="" in="" an="" intent-to-treat="" analysis="" self-reported="" abstinence="" verified="" biochemically="" follow-up.="" attempts="" used="" nicotine="" replacement="" therapy="" approved="" food="" drug="" administration="" while="" electronic="" delivery="" system="" to="" majority="" commented="" on="" facebook="" post="" with="" more="" commenting="" among="" those="" months="" randomized="" receive="" personal="" monetary="" incentive="" of="" participants="" reported="" reading="" most="" all="" posts.="" highest="" acceptability="" ratings="" intervention="" were="" for="" ease="" thinking="" about="" what="" they="" read="" recommended="" program="" others.="" only="" attended="" optional="" cognitive-behavioral="" counseling="" sessions="" though="" attendance="" was="" high="" overall="" rated="" as="" easy="" understand="" useful="" helpful="" agreed="" conclusions:="" smoking="" is="" attractive="" feasible="" deliver="" early="" efficacy="" data="" are="" encouraging.="" however="" use="" cigarettes="" products="" quitting="" concerning.="">
Descriptors
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
Data Source
Authors
Ramo,D.E., Thrul,J., Chavez,K., Delucchi,K.L., Prochaska,J.J.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
20151231
PMCID
PMC4736286
Editors
|
|||
| Feasibility of conducting a lung-cancer chemoprevention trial among tin miners in Yunnan, P. R. China. | 1991 | Xuan, X.Z., Yunnan Tin Corporation, Gejiu, Yunnan Province, PRC. | Read more... |
|
Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Cancer causes & control : CCC
Periodical, Abbrev.
Cancer Causes Control
Pub Date Free Form
/
Volume
2
Issue
3
Start Page
175
Other Pages
182
Notes
Place of Publication
ISSN/ISBN
0957-5243
Accession Number
Language
SubFile
DOI
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
Abstract
Tin miners in Yunnan Province in southern China have an extremely high rate of lung cancer, more than one percent per year among those at 'high risk' (40+ years old, with 10+ years of underground mining and/or smelting experience). The extraordinary lung cancer rates result from combined exposure to radon, arsenic, and tobacco smoking (cigarettes and/or bamboo water pipe). A study to determine the feasibility of conducting a large-scale, lung-cancer chemoprevention trial was conducted in 1986 among currently employed or retired miners from the Yunnan Tin Corporation in the city of Gejiu. The study was designed to answer four questions: (i) Could potentially eligible miners be identified and recruited? (ii) Could intervention agents be shipped successfully from the United States to the study area and be appropriately distributed? (iii) Would miners adequately adhere to the study protocol and comply with the intervention regimen? (iv) Could potential adverse effects be monitored and documented? The six-month feasibility study yielded affirmative answers to each of these questions. A roster of over 7,000 high-risk miners was compiled. Four agents (vitamin A, 25,000 IU; beta-carotene, 50 mg; vitamin E, 800 IU; and selenium, 400 micrograms) were administered daily with placebos to 350 miners according to a 2(4) factorial design. Adherence, assessed by pill counts and serum micronutrient levels, was approximately 90 percent. The findings from this preliminary study indicate that a full-scale, lung-cancer chemoprevention trial in this population is feasible.
Descriptors
alpha tocopherol, arsenic, radon, retinol, selenium, adult, aged, article, chemically induced disorder, clinical trial, controlled study, feasibility study, human, lung tumor, male, middle aged, occupational disease, patient compliance, radiation injury, risk factor, smoking
Links
Book Title
Database
MEDLINE
Publisher
Data Source
Embase
Authors
Xuan,X. Z., Schatzkin,A., Mao,B. L., Taylor,P. R., Li,J. Y., Tangrea,J., Yao,S. X., Qiao,Y. L., Giffen,C., McAdams,M.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
PMCID
Editors
|
|||
| Feasibility of Measuring Tobacco Smoke Air Pollution in Homes: Report from a Pilot Study | 2015 | Department of Health Promotion, School of Public Health, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, P.O. Box 39040, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel. rosenl@post.tau.ac.il.; Department of Statistics, Hebrew University, Mt. Scopus, Jerusalem 9190501, Israel. | Read more... |
|
Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
International journal of environmental research and public health
Periodical, Abbrev.
Int.J.Environ.Res.Public.Health.
Pub Date Free Form
30-Nov
Volume
12
Issue
12
Start Page
15129
Other Pages
15142
Notes
LR: 20160107; GR: R01 HL103684-02/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/United States; JID: 101238455; 0 (Tobacco Smoke Pollution); 6M3C89ZY6R (Nicotine); OID: NLM: PMC4690906; OTO: NOTNLM; 2015/09/27 [received]; 2015/11/04 [revised]; 2015/11/05 [accepted]; epublish
Place of Publication
Switzerland
ISSN/ISBN
1660-4601; 1660-4601
Accession Number
PMID: 26633440
Language
eng
SubFile
Comparative Study; Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.; IM
DOI
10.3390/ijerph121214970 [doi]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
26633440
Abstract
Tobacco smoke air pollution (TSAP) measurement may persuade parents to adopt smoke-free homes and thereby reduce harm to children from tobacco smoke in the home. In a pilot study involving 29 smoking families, a Sidepak was used to continuously monitor home PM(2.5) during an 8-h period, Sidepak and/or Dylos monitors provided real-time feedback, and passive nicotine monitors were used to measure home air nicotine for one week. Feedback was provided to participants in the context of motivational interviews. Home PM(2.5) levels recorded by continuous monitoring were not well-accepted by participants because of the noise level. Also, graphs from continuous monitoring showed unexplained peaks, often associated with sources unrelated to indoor smoking, such as cooking, construction, or outdoor sources. This hampered delivery of a persuasive message about the relationship between home smoking and TSAP. By contrast, immediate real-time PM(2.5) feedback (with Sidepak or Dylos monitor) was feasible and provided unambiguous information; the Dylos had the additional advantages of being more economical and quieter. Air nicotine sampling was complicated by the time-lag for feedback and questions regarding shelf-life. Improvement in the science of TSAP measurement in the home environment is needed to encourage and help maintain smoke-free homes and protect vulnerable children. Recent advances in the use of mobile devices for real-time feedback are promising and warrant further development, as do accurate methods for real-time air nicotine air monitoring.
Descriptors
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
Data Source
Authors
Rosen,L., Zucker,D., Hovell,M., Brown,N., Ram,A., Myers,V.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
20151130
PMCID
PMC4690906
Editors
|
|||
| Feature-level analysis of a novel smartphone application for smoking cessation | 2015 | Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Division of Public Health Sciences , Seattle , WA , and. | Read more... |
|
Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse
Periodical, Abbrev.
Am.J.Drug Alcohol Abuse
Pub Date Free Form
Jan
Volume
41
Issue
1
Start Page
68
Other Pages
73
Notes
LR: 20160506; GR: K23 DA026517/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States; GR: K23DA026517/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States; GR: K99 DA037276/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States; GR: R01 CA151251/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States; GR: R01 CA166646/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States; GR:
Place of Publication
England
ISSN/ISBN
1097-9891; 0095-2990
Accession Number
PMID: 25397860
Language
eng
SubFile
Journal Article; Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM
DOI
10.3109/00952990.2014.977486 [doi]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
25397860
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Currently, there are over 400 smoking cessation smartphone apps available, downloaded an estimated 780,000 times per month. No prior studies have examined how individuals engage with specific features of cessation apps and whether use of these features is associated with quitting. OBJECTIVES: Using data from a pilot trial of a novel smoking cessation app, we examined: (i) the 10 most-used app features, and (ii) prospective associations between feature usage and quitting. METHODS: Participants (n = 76) were from the experimental arm of a randomized, controlled pilot trial of an app for smoking cessation called "SmartQuit," which includes elements of both Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) and traditional cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT). Utilization data were automatically tracked during the 8-week treatment phase. Thirty-day point prevalence smoking abstinence was assessed at 60-day follow-up. RESULTS: The most-used features - quit plan, tracking, progress, and sharing - were mostly CBT. Only two of the 10 most-used features were prospectively associated with quitting: viewing the quit plan (p = 0.03) and tracking practice of letting urges pass (p = 0.03). Tracking ACT skill practice was used by fewer participants (n = 43) but was associated with cessation (p = 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: In this exploratory analysis without control for multiple comparisons, viewing a quit plan (CBT) as well as tracking practice of letting urges pass (ACT) were both appealing to app users and associated with successful quitting. Aside from these features, there was little overlap between a feature's popularity and its prospective association with quitting. Tests of causal associations between feature usage and smoking cessation are now needed.
Descriptors
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
Data Source
Authors
Heffner,J.L., Vilardaga,R., Mercer,L.D., Kientz,J.A., Bricker,J.B.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
20141114
PMCID
PMC4410684
Editors
|
|||
| Fecal carriage of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases and AmpC-producing Escherichia coli in a Libyan community | 2014 | United States Naval Medical Research Unit No,3, Cairo, Egypt. salwa.fouad.eg@med.navy.mil. | Read more... |
|
Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Annals of clinical microbiology and antimicrobials
Periodical, Abbrev.
Ann.Clin.Microbiol.Antimicrob.
Pub Date Free Form
16-Jun
Volume
13
Issue
Start Page
22
Other Pages
0711-13-22
Notes
LR: 20150805; JID: 101152152; EC 3.5.2.6 (beta-Lactamases); OID: NLM: PMC4107601; 2014/01/18 [received]; 2014/04/30 [accepted]; 2014/06/16 [aheadofprint]; epublish
Place of Publication
England
ISSN/ISBN
1476-0711; 1476-0711
Accession Number
PMID: 24934873
Language
eng
SubFile
Journal Article; IM
DOI
10.1186/1476-0711-13-22 [doi]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
24934873
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs), including the AmpC type, are important mechanisms of resistance among Enterobacteriaeceae. CTX-M type extended-spectrum beta- lactamases, of which there are now over 90 variants, are distributed globally, yet appear to vary in regional distribution. AmpC beta-lactamases hydrolyze third generation cephalosporins, but are resistant to inhibition by clavulanate or other beta-lactamase inhibitors in vitro. Fecal carriage and rates of colonization by bacteria harboring these resistance mechanisms have been reported in patients with community-acquired infections and in healthy members of their households. Expression of these ESBLs compromises the efficacy of current antibacterial therapies, potentially increasing the seriousness of hospital- and community-acquired Escherichia coli (E. coli) infections.To investigate the occurrence of ESBL-producing E. coli in human fecal flora isolated from two pediatric populations residing in the Libyan cities Zleiten and Abou El Khoms. Isolates were further studied to characterize genes encoding beta-lactam resistance, and establish genetic relationships. METHODS: Antibiotic resistance profiles of phenotypically characterized E. coli isolates recovered from the stools of 243 Libyan children during two surveillance periods in 2001 and 2007 were determined by the disk diffusion method. ESBL-screening was performed using the cephalosporin/clavulanate double synergy disc method, and the AmpC-phenotype was confirmed by the aminophenyl-boronic acid test. ESBL genes were molecularly characterized. Phylogenetic group and multilocus sequence typing (MLST) were determined for ESBL-producing isolates and PFGE was performed to compare banding profiles of some dominant strains. RESULTS: ESBLs were identified in 13.4% (18/134) of E. coli isolates, and nine isolates (6.7%) demonstrated AmpC activity; all 18 isolates contained a CTX-M gene. Three CTX-M gene families (CTX-M-1, n=9; CTX-M-15, n=8 and CTX-M-3, n=1) were distributed in diverse E. coli backgrounds (phylogenetic group D, 39%; B2, 28%; B1, 22% and A, 11%). MLST analysis revealed 14 sequence type (ST) with six new sequence types. The gene encoding the CMY-2 enzyme was detected in five AmpC-positive E. coli. CONCLUSIONS: These results identified heterogeneous clones of CTX-M-producing E. coli in the fecal isolates, indicating that the intestinal tract acts as a reservoir for ESBL-producing organisms, and a trafficker of antibiotic resistance genes.
Descriptors
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
Data Source
Authors
Ahmed,S.F., Ali,M.M., Mohamed,Z.K., Moussa,T.A., Klena,J.D.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
20140616
PMCID
PMC4107601
Editors
|
|||