WTS database

Title	Pub Year	Author	SearchLink Sort descending
Cigarette smoking and the risk of Barrett's esophagus	2009	Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente, 2000 Broadway, Oakland, CA 94612, USA. ai.kubo@kp.org	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Cancer causes & control : CCC Periodical, Abbrev. Cancer Causes Control Pub Date Free Form Apr Volume 20 Issue 3 Start Page 303 Other Pages 311 Notes LR: 20151119; GR: F32 DK081271/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/United States; GR: K08 DK 002697/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/United States; GR: K08 DK002697/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/United States; GR: K08 DK002697-05/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/United States; GR: R01 DK 63616/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/United Place of Publication Netherlands ISSN/ISBN 1573-7225; 0957-5243 Accession Number PMID: 18853262 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; IM DOI 10.1007/s10552-008-9244-4 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 18853262 Abstract INTRODUCTION: We examined the association between smoking and the risk of Barrett's esophagus (BE), a metaplastic precursor to esophageal adenocarcinoma. METHODS: We conducted a case-control study within the Kaiser Permanente Northern California population. Patients with a new diagnosis of BE (n = 320) were matched to persons with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) (n = 316) and to population controls (n = 317). Information was collected using validated questionnaires from direct in-person interviews and electronic databases. Analyses used multivariate unconditional logistic regression that controlled for age, gender, race, and education. RESULTS: Ever smoking status, smoking intensity (pack-years), and smoking cessation were not associated with the risk of BE. Stratified analyses suggested that ever smoking may be associated with an increased risk of BE among some groups (compared to population controls): persons with long-segment Barrett's esophagus (odds ratio [OR] = 1.72, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.12-2.63); subjects without GERD symptoms (OR = 3.98, 95% CI 1.58-10.0); obese subjects (OR = 3.38, 95% CI 1.46-7.82); and persons with a large abdominal circumference (OR = 3.02, 95% CI (1.18-2.75)). CONCLUSION: Smoking was not a strong or consistent risk factor for BE in a large community-based study, although associations may be present in some population subgroups. Descriptors Adenocarcinoma/epidemiology, Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Alcohol Drinking/adverse effects, Barrett Esophagus/epidemiology, Body Mass Index, California/epidemiology, Case-Control Studies, Confidence Intervals, Confounding Factors (Epidemiology), Databases, Factual, Esophageal Neoplasms/epidemiology, Gastroesophageal Reflux/epidemiology, Geography, Humans, Incidence, Interviews as Topic, Logistic Models, Middle Aged, Obesity/complications, Odds Ratio, Precancerous Conditions/complications, Reproducibility of Results, Risk Factors, Smoking/adverse effects, Surveys and Questionnaires, Young Adult Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Kubo,A., Levin,T. R., Block,G., Rumore,G., Quesenberry,C. P.,Jr, Buffler,P., Corley,D. A. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20081014 PMCID PMC2649684 Editors
Replicon typing of plasmids in Escherichia coli producing extended-spectrum beta-lactamases	2009	Universite Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris-6, Faculte de Medecine, Site Saint-Antoine, Laboratoire de Bacteriologie, EA 2392 Paris, France.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy Periodical, Abbrev. J.Antimicrob.Chemother. Pub Date Free Form Jan Volume 63 Issue 1 Start Page 67 Other Pages 71 Notes JID: 7513617; 0 (DNA Transposable Elements); 0 (DNA, Bacterial); EC 3.5.2.6 (beta-Lactamases); 2008/10/18 [aheadofprint]; 2008/10/21 [aheadofprint]; ppublish Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1460-2091; 0305-7453 Accession Number PMID: 18931389 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.1093/jac/dkn428 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 18931389 Abstract OBJECTIVES: Escherichia coli producing CTX-M-15 and CTX-M-14 extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs) are spreading worldwide. The aim of this work was to investigate the replicons involved in the emergence and spread of ESBLs in relation to ESBL type. METHODS: A collection of 125 TEM, SHV and CTX-M ESBL-producing E. coli strains was analysed. The replicons carrying the ESBLs and the total plasmid content of the strains have been characterized by PCR replicon typing in relation to the type of ESBL. The ESBL replicons were then compared with the replicon content of E. coli strains carrying TEM-1 or inhibitor-resistant TEM (IRT) beta-lactamases. RESULTS: IncF plasmids were the most frequently carried replicons in our collection, but none carried TEM ESBL. Of TEM ESBLs, 67% were carried on IncA/C replicons except for TEM-52 genes, which were carried preferentially on IncI1 replicons. Although CTX-M enzymes can be carried by various replicons, the great majority of genes encoding CTX-M-14 and CTX-M-15 ESBLs were carried by IncF replicons, as were TEM-1 and IRT beta-lactamases. CONCLUSIONS: Resistance genes borne by the narrow host-range IncF replicon spread readily as this replicon is well adapted to E. coli. This is observed for blaTEM-1 and blaCTX-M-15 and, to a lesser extent, for blaCTX-M-14. Transposition immunity seems to play an important role in the diffusion process. Descriptors DNA Transposable Elements, DNA, Bacterial/genetics, Escherichia coli/enzymology/genetics, Humans, Plasmids/classification, Polymerase Chain Reaction/methods, Replicon, beta-Lactamases/biosynthesis/genetics Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Marcade,G., Deschamps,C., Boyd,A., Gautier,V., Picard,B., Branger,C., Denamur,E., Arlet,G. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20081018 PMCID Editors
Comparison of environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) concentrations generated by an electrically heated cigarette smoking system and a conventional cigarette	2009	Philip Morris Products S.A., PMI Research & Development, Quai Jeanrenaud 3, 2000 Neuchatel, Switzerland. Anthony.Tricker@pmintl.com	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Inhalation toxicology Periodical, Abbrev. Inhal.Toxicol. Pub Date Free Form Jan Volume 21 Issue 1 Start Page 62 Other Pages 77 Notes LR: 20151119; JID: 8910739; 0 (Gases); 0 (Pyridines); 0 (Smoke); 0 (Tobacco Smoke Pollution); 0 (Vinyl Compounds); 142M471B3J (Carbon Dioxide); 31C4KY9ESH (Nitric Oxide); 6M3C89ZY6R (Nicotine); 7U1EE4V452 (Carbon Monoxide); R9ZU09Z27A (3-vinylpyridine); S Place of Publication United States ISSN/ISBN 1091-7691; 0895-8378 Accession Number PMID: 18951229 Language eng SubFile Comparative Study; Journal Article; IM DOI 10.1080/08958370802207334 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 18951229 Abstract Smoking conventional lit-end cigarettes results in exposure of nonsmokers to potentially harmful cigarette smoke constituents present in environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) generated by sidestream smoke emissions and exhaled mainstream smoke. ETS constituent concentrations generated by a conventional lit-end cigarette and a newly developed electrically heated cigarette smoking system (EHCSS) that produces only mainstream smoke and no sidestream smoke emissions were investigated in simulated "office" and "hospitality" environments with different levels of baseline indoor air quality. Smoking the EHCSS (International Organisation for Standardization yields: 5 mg tar, 0.3 mg nicotine, and 0.6 mg carbon monoxide) in simulated indoor environments resulted in significant reductions in ETS constituent concentrations compared to when smoking a representative lit-end cigarette (Marlboro: 6 mg tar, 0.5 mg nicotine, and 7 mg carbon monoxide). In direct comparisons, 24 of 29 measured smoke constituents (83%) showed mean reductions of greater than 90%, and 5 smoke constituents (17%) showed mean reductions between 80% and 90%. Gas-vapor phase ETS markers (nicotine and 3-ethenylpyridine) were reduced by an average of 97% (range 94-99%). Total respirable suspended particles, determined by online particle measurements and as gravimetric respirable suspended particles, were reduced by 90% (range 82-100%). The mean and standard deviation of the reduction of all constituents was 94 +/- 4%, indicating that smoking the new EHCSS in simulated "office" and "hospitality" indoor environments resulted in substantial reductions of ETS constituents in indoor air. Descriptors Adult, Aged, Air Pollution, Indoor/analysis, Carbon Dioxide/analysis, Carbon Monoxide/analysis, Electricity, Environmental Monitoring/methods, Epidemiological Monitoring, Female, Gases/analysis/chemistry, Humans, International Agencies/organization & administration/standards, Male, Middle Aged, Nicotine/analysis, Nitric Oxide/analysis, Nitrogen Dioxide/analysis, Particle Size, Pyridines/analysis, Research Design, Smoke/analysis, Smoking/adverse effects/epidemiology, Tobacco Smoke Pollution/analysis, Vinyl Compounds/analysis, Volatilization Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Tricker,A. R., Schorp,M. K., Urban,H. J., Leyden,D., Hagedorn,H. W., Engl,J., Urban,M., Riedel,K., Gilch,G., Janket,D., Scherer,G. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Indoor exposure to environmental tobacco smoke and dampness: respiratory symptoms in Sardinian children--DRIAS study	2009	Department of Animal and Human Biology, University La Sapienza, Piazz. Le A. Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy. roberta.pirastu@uniroma1.it	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Environmental research Periodical, Abbrev. Environ.Res. Pub Date Free Form Jan Volume 109 Issue 1 Start Page 59 Other Pages 65 Notes LR: 20151119; JID: 0147621; 0 (Tobacco Smoke Pollution); 2007/11/27 [received]; 2008/07/30 [revised]; 2008/09/04 [accepted]; 2008/10/25 [aheadofprint]; ppublish Place of Publication United States ISSN/ISBN 1096-0953; 0013-9351 Accession Number PMID: 18952207 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.1016/j.envres.2008.09.002 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 18952207 Abstract Indoor exposures at home, environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) and mould/dampness adversely affect respiratory health of children. Disturbi Respiratori nell'Infanzia e Ambiente in Sardegna (DRIAS) (Respiratory Symptoms in children and the Environment in Sardegna, Italy) aims at relating the prevalence of respiratory and allergic symptoms to indoor exposures in Sardinian children. DRIAS, a cross-sectional investigation of respiratory symptoms/diseases, used a modified version of ISAAC questionnaire, included 4122 children attending 29 primary schools in the school year 2004-2005. If both parents smoke the prevalence for current wheeze and current asthma is almost doubled in comparison with never smokers, for persistent cough and phlegm a role is suggested when only mother smokes. Among mothers smoking in pregnancy, the prevalence of current wheeze and current asthma is increased. Exposure to ETS and family atopy have a joint effect resulting in an almost tripling of prevalence for current wheeze and more than four times for current asthma. Exposure to "dampness" (mould or dampness) both during the first year of life and currently is associated with increased prevalence of current wheeze, persistent cough or phlegm and current rhino-conjunctivitis; if exposure is only during the first year of life a doubling or more of prevalence is observed for current wheeze, current asthma, and persistent cough or phlegm. DRIAS results add evidence to the causal role of childhood exposure to ETS in the development of respiratory symptoms (cough, phlegm, and wheezing) and asthma. The joint effect of ETS and family atopy is corroborated. The results strengthen the evidence for a causal association between "dampness" and respiratory health, pointing to its possible independent role in causing asthma, a long-lasting exposure entails a doubled prevalence for both asthmatic and bronchitis symptoms. Descriptors Air/analysis/standards, Air Microbiology, Air Pollution, Indoor/adverse effects/analysis, Child, Cross-Sectional Studies, Housing/standards, Humans, Italy/epidemiology, Respiratory Tract Diseases/epidemiology/etiology, Surveys and Questionnaires, Tobacco Smoke Pollution/adverse effects/analysis Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Pirastu,R., Bellu,C., Greco,P., Pelosi,U., Pistelli,R., Accetta,G., Biggeri,A. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20081025 PMCID Editors
Maternal smoking and environmental tobacco smoke exposure and the risk of allergic diseases in Japanese infants: the Osaka Maternal and Child Health Study	2008	Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan. k-tanaka@fukuoka-u.ac.jp	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full The Journal of asthma : official journal of the Association for the Care of Asthma Periodical, Abbrev. J.Asthma Pub Date Free Form Nov Volume 45 Issue 9 Start Page 833 Other Pages 838 Notes JID: 8106454; 0 (Tobacco Smoke Pollution); ppublish Place of Publication United States ISSN/ISBN 1532-4303; 0277-0903 Accession Number PMID: 18972305 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.1080/02770900802339742 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 18972305 Abstract PURPOSE: It remains controversial whether environmental tobacco smoke increases the risk of allergic diseases. The present prospective cohort study examined whether in utero exposure to maternal smoking and postnatal exposure to environmental tobacco smoke were associated with the development of wheeze, asthma, and atopic eczema in Japanese infants. METHODS: Study subjects included 763 infants. Data were obtained through the use of questionnaires completed by the mother during pregnancy and at 2 to 9 and 16 to 24 months postdelivery. Information regarding maternal smoking during pregnancy and postnatal exposure to environmental tobacco smoke was collected at 2 to 9 months postdelivery, and information on allergic symptoms was collected when the infant was between 16 to 24 months of age. Cases were defined according to criteria of the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood for wheeze and atopic eczema. Additionally, doctor-diagnosed asthma and atopic eczema were identified. Adjustment was made for maternal age, family income, maternal and paternal education, parental history of asthma, atopic eczema, allergic rhinitis, indoor domestic pets, baby's older siblings, baby's sex, birth weight, and time of surveys. RESULTS: The cumulative incidence of wheeze, atopic eczema, doctor-diagnosed asthma, and doctor-diagnosed atopic eczema was 22.1%, 18.6%, 4.3%, and 9.0%, respectively. Maternal smoking during pregnancy was not related to the risk of wheeze, whereas postnatal maternal smoking in the same room as the child increased the risk of wheeze. No significant association was observed between perinatal tobacco smoke exposure and the development of asthma and atopic eczema. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that postnatal maternal smoking might be associated with an increased risk of wheeze in Japanese infants. Descriptors Asthma/epidemiology/etiology, Child, Preschool, Dermatitis, Atopic/epidemiology/etiology, Female, Humans, Hypersensitivity/epidemiology/etiology, Incidence, Infant, Japan/epidemiology, Male, Maternal Exposure/adverse effects, Prospective Studies, Respiratory Sounds/etiology, Smoking/adverse effects, Tobacco Smoke Pollution/adverse effects Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Tanaka,K., Miyake,Y., Sasaki,S., Ohya,Y., Hirota,Y., Osaka Maternal and Child Health Study Group Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Association between serum cholesterol and bone mineral density	2009	Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Kolling Institute, Royal North Shore Hospital, University of Sydney, Australia. jmakovey@med.usyd.edu.au	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Bone Periodical, Abbrev. Bone Pub Date Free Form Feb Volume 44 Issue 2 Start Page 208 Other Pages 213 Notes LR: 20131121; JID: 8504048; 0 (Cholesterol, HDL); 0 (Cholesterol, LDL); 0 (Triglycerides); 97C5T2UQ7J (Cholesterol); 2008/05/29 [received]; 2008/08/14 [revised]; 2008/09/26 [accepted]; 2008/10/17 [aheadofprint]; ppublish Place of Publication United States ISSN/ISBN 1873-2763; 1873-2763 Accession Number PMID: 18983946 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Twin Study; IM DOI 10.1016/j.bone.2008.09.020 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 18983946 Abstract BACKGROUND: Hypercholesterolaemia has been associated with low bone mineral density (BMD) in some but not all studies. OBJECTIVES: To examine the influence of age, menopausal status and hormone replacement therapy (HRT) on the relationship between serum cholesterol and BMD in women. PATIENTS AND MEASUREMENTS: 497 female participants (age range 20-81) comprising 224 premenopausal and 273 postmenopausal women (156 on HRT and 117 no HRT) underwent measurements of bone mineral density (BMD) and serum lipid profile. RESULTS: Total serum cholesterol (TC) and low density lipoprotein (LDL) levels were higher and lumbar spine BMD was lower in postmenopausal women not taking HRT compared to those taking HRT. TC and LDL were negatively associated with BMD at all measured sites among postmenopausal women not taking HRT in univariate regression analysis (all p<0.05). High density lipoprotein (HDL) had inverse relationships with BMD at all sites in pre-menopausal women and those who were exposed to HRT (p<0.05). In fully adjusted regression models the relationships between TC and BMD remained significant at the lumbar spine and whole body (p<0.05) and between LDL and lumbar spine BMD only (p<0.05). For subjects in the other groups, no significant associations between TC or LDL and BMD were found. Significant interactions between total cholesterol and LDL levels with HRT were detected among post-menopausal women in the regression analyses (all p<0.05). No such interactions were found between HDL levels and HRT. CONCLUSION: There is a modest inverse relationship between lumbar spine and whole body BMD and serum TC and LDL levels and in post-menopausal women and HDL in pre-menopausal women. HRT use appears to modify these relationships. The mechanisms of this relationship require further study. Descriptors Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Bone Density/physiology, Cholesterol/blood, Cholesterol, HDL/blood, Cholesterol, LDL/blood, Female, Humans, Lumbar Vertebrae/physiology, Middle Aged, Regression Analysis, Triglycerides/blood Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Makovey,J., Chen,J. S., Hayward,C., Williams,F. M., Sambrook,P. N. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20081017 PMCID Editors
Monitoring polytobacco use among adolescents: do cigarette smokers use other forms of tobacco?	2008	Office on Smoking and Health, National Center for Chronic Disease and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA. jbombard@cdc.gov	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco Periodical, Abbrev. Nicotine Tob.Res. Pub Date Free Form Nov Volume 10 Issue 11 Start Page 1581 Other Pages 1589 Notes LR: 20151119; JID: 9815751; ppublish Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1462-2203; 1462-2203 Accession Number PMID: 18988070 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; IM DOI 10.1080/14622200802412887 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 18988070 Abstract The extent of concurrent use of cigarettes and one or more other tobacco products (polytobacco use) is important to explore because users may be at an increased risk for adverse health effects and nicotine dependency. We determined national population estimates of current cigarette and current polytobacco use for at least 50,000 students from the 2002 and 2004 National Youth Tobacco Surveys. We identified which tobacco products were most often used in conjunction with cigarettes and used multivariate analyses to identify factors associated with polytobacco use. The overall prevalence was 16.0% for current cigarette smoking among all respondents and 15.0% for current cigarette smoking among respondents with complete information on concurrent cigarette and other tobacco product use: 8.1% used cigarettes only, and 6.9% were polytobacco users. Among current male cigarette smokers, 62.0% used other tobacco products; among current female cigarette smokers, 30.9% did. Among current cigarette smokers using one other tobacco product, cigars or smokeless tobacco were the most frequently used products. In multivariate analysis, polytobacco use was associated with being male; being in middle school; residing in the Midwest, South, or West; being able to obtain cigarettes from a retailer; being subject to peer influence; having favorable beliefs about tobacco; being willing to use tobacco promotional items; being exposed to tobacco advertisements; and having higher levels of lost autonomy (an indicator of nicotine dependency). Youth interventions need to broaden their focus to address the use of all tobacco products, paying particular attention to adolescent males and youth living outside of the Northeast. Descriptors Adolescent, Adolescent Behavior/psychology, Attitude to Health, Behavior, Addictive/epidemiology/psychology, Causality, Comorbidity, Female, Humans, Male, Peer Group, Product Labeling, Risk Factors, Risk-Taking, Self Concept, Sex Factors, Smoking/epidemiology/psychology, Smoking Cessation/statistics & numerical data, Surveys and Questionnaires, Tobacco Use Disorder/epidemiology/psychology, Tobacco, Smokeless, United States/epidemiology Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Bombard,J. M., Rock,V. J., Pederson,L. L., Asman,K. J. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Knowledge, attitude and perception of water pipe smoking (Shisha) among adolescents aged 14-19 years	2008	Department of Community Health Sciences, Ziauddin University, Karachi.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full JPMA.The Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association Periodical, Abbrev. J.Pak.Med.Assoc. Pub Date Free Form Jun Volume 58 Issue 6 Start Page 312 Other Pages 317 Notes LR: 20151119; JID: 7501162; ppublish Place of Publication Pakistan ISSN/ISBN 0030-9982; 0030-9982 Accession Number PMID: 18988390 Language eng SubFile Comparative Study; Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 1419 [pii] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 18988390 Abstract OBJECTIVE: To study the impact of educational intervention on knowledge, attitude and practices with regard to water pipe smoking among adolescents (14-19 years old) in Karachi. METHODS: A cross-sectional survey of adolescents aged 14-19 years studying at different educational institutions of Karachi, Pakistan was conducted through multistage sampling on a pre-tested self-administered questionnaire. They were divided into high, middle and lower socioeconomic strata on the basis of monthly fee structure. The impact of health messages was assessed two months after education sessions through post-test of only high and middle socioeconomic strata. RESULTS: A total of 646 students were surveyed for the pre test and 250 students for the post test. A significant association was found for water pipe smoking among the socioeconomic class (p < 0.001). Water pipe is more addictive as compared to cigarettes was marked by more students after the sessions (54% vs 68%; p < 0.001). A significant difference was seen for water pipe being more socially acceptable (58% vs 80%; p < 0.001), it is part of our cultural heritage (29% vs 58%; p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: Shisha smoking was more prevalent among the high socio economic group, which might be because of the cost, accessibility and availability. The knowledge of the students regarding water pipe smoking improved after the health awareness sessions. Descriptors Adolescent, Age Factors, Cross-Sectional Studies, Female, Health Education, Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice, Health Surveys, Humans, Male, Pakistan/epidemiology, Prevalence, Risk-Taking, Smoking/epidemiology, Social Perception, Socioeconomic Factors, Surveys and Questionnaires, Young Adult Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Anjum,Q., Ahmed,F., Ashfaq,T. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Prevalence of tobacco use among junior high and senior high school students in Taiwan	2008	Taipei Medical University, No. 250, Wu-Hsing St, Taipei 110, Taiwan. plchen@tmu.edu.tw	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full The Journal of school health Periodical, Abbrev. J.Sch.Health Pub Date Free Form Dec Volume 78 Issue 12 Start Page 649 Other Pages 654 Notes JID: 0376370; ppublish Place of Publication United States ISSN/ISBN 1746-1561; 0022-4391 Accession Number PMID: 19000241 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; IM; N DOI 10.1111/j.1746-1561.2008.00361.x [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 19000241 Abstract BACKGROUND: Tobacco use is a major preventable cause of death in the world. This article describes and compares tobacco use prevalence for students attending junior high schools and senior high schools in Taiwan. METHODS: This report uses data from the Global Youth Tobacco Survey (GYTS) completed among 4689 junior high school students and 4426 senior high school students in Taiwan in 2004-2005. The GYTS uses a 2-stage sampling design to produce nationally representative data for junior and senior high students in general and vocational schools. RESULTS: Higher smoking prevalence was observed among senior high (10.1% general schools and 15.9% vocational schools) than junior high (5.5%) school students. Smoking prevalence of girls in junior high (3.2%) and senior high schools (4.6% general and 11.1% vocational) was almost as high or higher than adult females' (4.3%) smoking rates. The pattern of smoking intensity across school years and type of school shows that the percentage of smokers who were experimenters (47.1%) was higher in junior high school and the percentage of smokers who were regular/established smokers (over 50%) was higher in senior high school. CONCLUSIONS: Smoking prevalence described in this report shows that there are challenges facing the tobacco prevention and control program in Taiwan. The findings suggest that schools should increase their smoking initiation prevention efforts and make available cessation programs and counseling to help students quit smoking. If effective youth tobacco control programs are not developed and implemented in Taiwan, future morbidity and mortality attributed to tobacco will surely increase, especially among women. Descriptors Adolescent, Adolescent Behavior, Child, Female, Humans, Male, Prevalence, Sex Factors, Smoking/epidemiology, Students, Taiwan/epidemiology Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Chen,P. L., Huang,W., Chuang,Y. L., Warren,C. W., Jones,N. R., Asma,S. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Relationship between adherence to daily nicotine patch use and treatment efficacy: secondary analysis of a 10-week randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial simulating over-the-counter use in adult smokers	2008	PinneyAssociates, Inc., Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA. shiffman@pinneyassociates.com	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Clinical therapeutics Periodical, Abbrev. Clin.Ther. Pub Date Free Form Oct Volume 30 Issue 10 Start Page 1852 Other Pages 1858 Notes LR: 20151119; JID: 7706726; 0 (Nicotinic Agonists); 0 (Nonprescription Drugs); 6M3C89ZY6R (Nicotine); 2008/08/21 [accepted]; ppublish Place of Publication United States ISSN/ISBN 0149-2918; 0149-2918 Accession Number PMID: 19014840 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.1016/j.clinthera.2008.09.016 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 19014840 Abstract BACKGROUND: It has been reported that the efficacy of acute forms of nicotine replacement therapy, such as nicotine gum and lozenges, improves when sufficient quantities of medication are used. OBJECTIVE: This analysis examined whether adherence with daily nicotine patch wear was associated with improved rates of smoking abstinence. METHODS: This was a secondary analysis of data from a double-blind study in which subjects were randomized to receive either an active nicotine patch or a placebo patch under simulated over-the-counter conditions. Subjects were asked to complete a daily diary on their patch use and smoking. Logistic regression, controlling for smoking in the first 3 weeks of treatment, was used to evaluate the likelihood of abstinence at 6 weeks as a function of treatment assignment (active vs placebo) and adherence (ie, patch wear for >or=20 of the first 21 days of treatment). The relationship between reported adverse events and adherence was also examined. RESULTS: This analysis involved data from 371 subjects, 204 using the active patch and 167 using the placebo patch. The study population was mainly white (87.3%), had a mean age of 42.8 years, a mean weight of 77.3 kg, had been smoking for a mean of 24.4 years, and smoked a mean of 25.2 cigarettes per day. Two hundred fifty-three subjects were classified as adherent. Rates of adherence did not differ significantly between the active and placebo groups (139 [68.1%] and 114 [68.3%], respectively). The likelihood of experiencing an adverse event did not differ significantly between adherent and nonadherent subjects in either group. Among active patch users, 61.5% of nonadherent subjects experienced an adverse event, compared with 59.7% of adherent subjects; among placebo patch users, the corresponding proportions were 41.5% and 43.9%. Among active patch users, the odds of abstinence at 6 weeks were more than 3 times greater for adherent versus nonadherent subjects (53.2% vs 21.5%, respectively; adjusted odds ratio [OR] = 3.25; 95% CI, 1.30-8.09; P = 0.011); no benefit of adherence over nonadherence was seen among users of the placebo patch (16.7% vs 15.1%; adjusted OR = 0.60; 95% CI, 0.16-2.31). The interaction between treatment group and adherence was statistically significant (P = 0.022). CONCLUSION: Under conditions simulating over-the-counter use, adherence to daily nicotine patch wear within the first 3 weeks of treatment was associated with an improved likelihood of achieving smoking abstinence at 6 weeks. Descriptors Administration, Cutaneous, Adult, Double-Blind Method, Female, Humans, Male, Medication Adherence, Nicotine/administration & dosage/therapeutic use, Nicotinic Agonists/administration & dosage/therapeutic use, Nonprescription Drugs, Smoking Cessation/methods, Socioeconomic Factors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Shiffman,S., Sweeney,C. T., Ferguson,S. G., Sembower,M. A., Gitchell,J. G. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors

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