WTS database

Title Sort descending	Pub Year	Author	SearchLink
Exposure to secondhand smoke at home and in public places in Syria: a developing country's perspective	2008	Department of Health and Sport Sciences and Center for Community Health, University of Memphis, Memphis, Tennessee 38152, USA. wmaziak@memphis.edu	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Inhalation toxicology Periodical, Abbrev. Inhal.Toxicol. Pub Date Free Form Jan Volume 20 Issue 1 Start Page 17 Other Pages 24 Notes LR: 20151119; GR: CA103827/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States; GR: R01 TW05962/TW/FIC NIH HHS/United States; GR: R01DA024876-01/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States; GR: R21TW006545/TW/FIC NIH HHS/United States; JID: 8910739; 0 (Tobacco Smoke Pollution); 6M3C89ZY6R (N Place of Publication United States ISSN/ISBN 1091-7691; 0895-8378 Accession Number PMID: 18236217 Language eng SubFile Comparative Study; Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; IM DOI 10.1080/08958370701758783 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 18236217 Abstract This study employs sensitive methods to address the issue of exposure to secondhand smoke among children and women in an understudied developing country setting (Syria). The study combines data collected by the Syrian Center for Tobacco Studies as part of two international studies conducted in 2006: the Secondhand Smoke Exposure among Women and Children study (Johns Hopkins) and the Global Air Monitoring Study (Roswell Park Cancer Institute). We employed objective measures (hair nicotine, and ambient household nicotine assessed by passive monitors) to assess children's and mothers' exposure to secondhand smoke at home, and used the TSI SidePak personal aerosol monitor to sample respirable suspended particles less than 2.5 microm diameter (PM(2.5)) in the air in public places (40 restaurants/cafes in Aleppo). In homes, the mean ambient nicotine level (+/- standard deviation, SD) was 2.24 +/- 2.77 microg/m(3). Mean level of hair nicotine was 11.8 ng/mg among children (n = 54), and was higher if the mother was a smoker (19.4 +/- 23.6 ng/mg) than nonsmoker (5.2 +/- 6.9 ng/mg) (p < .05). Mean hair nicotine among nonsmoking mothers (n = 23) was 1.17 +/- 1.56 ng/mg. Children's hair nicotine level was strongly correlated with ambient household nicotine and number of cigarettes smoked daily in the house (r = .54 and r = .50, respectively, p < .001), and also was related to having a father who smoked in the children's presence. In public places, average PM(2.5) in the monitored 40 hospitality venues was 464 microg/m(3) and correlated with smoker density measured as cigarettes-waterpipes/100 m(3) (r = .31, p = 0.049). Thus, children in Syria are exposed to high levels of secondhand smoke at home, in which mothers' smoking plays a major role. Also, levels of respirable hazardous particles are high in public hospitality venues, putting customers and workers at serious health risks. Efforts to limit exposure of children and women at home and to adopt clean air policies should become a public health priority in Syria and the Arab region. Descriptors Air Pollution, Indoor/adverse effects/prevention & control, Child, Cross-Sectional Studies, Developing Countries, Environmental Exposure/adverse effects, Female, Hair/chemistry, Health Surveys, Housing/trends, Humans, Male, Nicotine/analysis, Public Facilities, Smoking/adverse effects, Syria/epidemiology, Tobacco Smoke Pollution/adverse effects/prevention & control Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Maziak,W., Ali,R. A., Fouad,M. F., Rastam,S., Wipfli,H., Travers,M. J., Ward,K. D., Eissenberg,T. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Exposure to secondhand smoke in Germany: air contamination due to smoking in German restaurants, bars, and other venues	2008	Mannheim Institute of Public Health, Social and Preventive Medicine, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco Periodical, Abbrev. Nicotine Tob.Res. Pub Date Free Form Mar Volume 10 Issue 3 Start Page 547 Other Pages 555 Notes LR: 20121115; JID: 9815751; 0 (Tobacco Smoke Pollution); EIN: Nicotine Tob Res. 2008 Apr;10(4):745; ppublish Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1462-2203; 1462-2203 Accession Number PMID: 18324575 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.1080/14622200801902029 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 18324575 Abstract This study quantified exposure to secondhand smoke in German restaurants, bars, and entertainment venues by determining the concentration of respirable suspended particles measuring 2.5 microm or less (PM2.5) in indoor air. The measurements were taken using an inconspicuous device placed on the investigator's table in the venue. The concentration of particulate matter in the indoor air was measured for a minimum of 30 min. A total of 39 restaurants, 20 coffee bars, 12 bars, 9 discotheques, and 20 restaurant cars in trains were visited throughout Germany from September 30 to October 31, 2005. The readings disclosed a median PM2.5 of 260 microg/m3 and an arithmetic mean PM2.5 of 333 microg/m3. Median values were 378 microg/m3 in bars, 131 microg/m3 in cafes, and 173 microg/m3 in restaurants. The highest medians were measured in discotheques and restaurant cars, with values averaging 432 microg/m3 and 525 microg/m3 PM2.5, respectively. This study was the first to show the magnitude and extent of exposure to secondhand smoke on such an extensive scale in Germany. The contaminated air due to smoking is a human carcinogenic and major health hazard, which would be prevented most effectively and completely by implementing a ban on smoking. This study is important for the ongoing national debate in Germany as well as for debates in all countries without smoke-free air legislation, which includes most countries around the world. Descriptors Air Pollution, Indoor/analysis/statistics & numerical data, Environmental Monitoring/instrumentation/methods, Epidemiological Monitoring, Germany/epidemiology, Health Policy, Humans, Inhalation Exposure/analysis/statistics & numerical data, Primary Prevention/methods, Restaurants, Risk Assessment, Risk Factors, Smoking/epidemiology, Tobacco Smoke Pollution/analysis/statistics & numerical data Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Schneider,S., Seibold,B., Schunk,S., Jentzsch,E., Potschke-Langer,M., Dresler,C., Travers,M. J., Hyland,A. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Exposure to secondhand tobacco smoke and child behaviour - results from a cross-sectional study among preschool children in Bavaria	2010	Bavarian Health & Food Safety Authority, Department of Environmental Health, Oberschleissheim, Germany. dorothee.twardella@lgl.bayern.de	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Acta Paediatrica (Oslo, Norway : 1992) Periodical, Abbrev. Acta Paediatr. Pub Date Free Form Jan Volume 99 Issue 1 Start Page 106 Other Pages 111 Notes LR: 20151119; JID: 9205968; 0 (Tobacco Smoke Pollution); 2009/09/29 [aheadofprint]; ppublish Place of Publication Norway ISSN/ISBN 1651-2227; 0803-5253 Accession Number PMID: 19793315 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.1111/j.1651-2227.2009.01522.x [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 19793315 Abstract AIM: To evaluate the association of postnatal exposure to secondhand tobacco smoke on childhood behavioural problems after taking maternal smoking during pregnancy into account. METHODS: In a cross-sectional survey of preschool children in Bavaria, exposure to secondhand tobacco smoke in the child's home was assessed via a parent questionnaire. The Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) was applied to assess child's behaviour. The association with secondhand tobacco smoke exposure was assessed for 'probable' outcomes of the problem subscales and of prosocial behaviour. RESULTS: Among 5494 children (48% female), the SDQ indicated behavioural problems in up to 11%. After adjustment for socioeconomic factors, low birth weight and maternal smoking before and during pregnancy, a dose-response relationship with exposure to secondhand tobacco smoke was observed regarding hyperactivity/inattention (odds ratio compared to 'none' was 1.35 for 'low/medium' and 2.39 for 'high' exposure, 95% confidence intervals 1.02-1.78 and 1.62-3.53, respectively) as well as for conduct problems (OR 1.68 (1.37-2.06) and 1.93 (1.39-2.68)). CONCLUSION: Secondhand tobacco smoke exposure at home appears to be associated with an increased risk of behavioural problems among preschool children. Prevention of behavioural problems may be a further reason to target secondhand tobacco smoke exposure in children. Descriptors Child Behavior Disorders/epidemiology/etiology, Child, Preschool, Cross-Sectional Studies, Female, Germany/epidemiology, Humans, Male, Multivariate Analysis, Odds Ratio, Pregnancy, Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects, Risk Assessment, Socioeconomic Factors, Surveys and Questionnaires, Tobacco Smoke Pollution/adverse effects Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Twardella,D., Bolte,G., Fromme,H., Wildner,M., von Kries,R., GME Study Group Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Exposure to tetrachloroethylene via contaminated drinking water pipes in Massachusetts: A predictive model	1993	Brown, H.S., Center for Technology, Clark University, Worcester, MA 01610-1477, United States	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Archives of Environmental Health Periodical, Abbrev. Arch.Environ.Health Pub Date Free Form 1993/ Volume 48 Issue 5 Start Page 293 Other Pages 297 Notes Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN 0003-9896 Accession Number Language SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract A computer model was developed to estimate exposure to tetrachloroethylene leaching from drinking-water pipes in Massachusetts between 1968 and 1979. The model was to be used for an epidemiologic study of cancer in five communities in Massachusetts. This model assigned a relative cumulative exposure score to each individual participant in the study, based on the geometry, size, age, and water flow through the water pipe that supplied a particular household and on the individual's duration of residence in that household. The results of modeling showed a wide range of exposure levels among the study participants. The epidemiologic study is described in the accompanying paper by Aschengrau et al. Descriptors drinking water, tetrachloroethylene, article, cancer risk, computer model, geometry, household, leaching, pipeline, priority journal, residential care, United States, water analysis, water contamination, water content, water flow Links Book Title Database Embase; MEDLINE Publisher Data Source Embase Authors Webler,T., Brown,H. S. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Exposure to tobacco smoke based on urinary cotinine levels among Israeli smoking and nonsmoking adults: a cross-sectional analysis of the first Israeli human biomonitoring study	2013		Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full BMC Public Health Periodical, Abbrev. BMC Public Health Pub Date Free Form Volume 13 Issue Start Page 1241 Other Pages 1241 Notes ID: 24377966 Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN Accession Number Language en SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract BACKGROUND: Cotinine levels provide a valid measure of exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS). The goal of this study was to examine exposure to tobacco smoke among smoking and nonsmoking Israeli adults and to identify differences in ETS exposure among nonsmokers by socio-demographic factors. METHODS: We analyzed urinary cotinine data from the first Israeli human biomonitoring study conducted in 2011. In-person questionnaires included data on socio-demographic and active smoking status. Cotinine levels were measured using a gas chromatography-mass spectrometry procedure. We calculated creatinine-adjusted urinary cotinine geometric means (GM) among smokers and nonsmokers, and by socio-demographic, smoking habits and dietary factors. We analyzed associations, in a univariable and multivariable analysis, between socio-demographic variables and proportions of urinary cotinine =1 Âµg/l (Limit of Quantification = LOQ) or =4 Âµg/l. RESULTS: Cotinine levels were significantly higher among 91 smokers (GM = 89.7 Âµg/g creatinine; 95% confidence interval CI]: 47.4-169.6) than among 148 nonsmokers (GM = 1.3; 1.1-1.7). Among exclusive waterpipe smokers, cotinine levels were relatively high (GM = 53.4; 95% CI 12.3-232.7). ETS exposure was widespread as 62.2% of nonsmokers had levels = LOQ, and was higher in males (75.8%) than in females (52.3%). In a multivariable model, urinary cotinine = LOQ was higher in males (Prevalence ratio PR] = 1.30; 95% CI: 1.02-1.64, p = 0.032) and in those with lower educational status (PR = 1.58; 1.04-2.38, p = 0.031) and decreased with age (PR = 0.99; 0.98-1.00, p = 0.020, per one additional year). There were no significant differences by ethnicity, residence type or country of birth. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings indicate widespread ETS exposure in the nonsmoking Israeli adult population, especially among males, and younger and less educated participants. These findings demonstrate the importance of human biomonitoring, were instrumental in expanding smoke-free legislation implemented in Israel on July 2012 and will serve as a baseline to measure the impact of the new legislation. Descriptors Links Book Title Database MEDLINE; http://www.globalhealthlibrary.net/ Publisher Data Source Authors Levine,Hagai, Berman,Tamar, Goldsmith,Rebecca, GÃ¶en, Thomas, Spungen,Judith, Novack,Lena, Amitai,Yona, Shohat,Tamy, Grotto,Itamar Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Exposure to tobacco smoke before and after a partial smoking ban in prison: indoor air quality measures	2012	University Center of Legal Medicine of Geneva and Lausanne, Rue Michel-Servet 1, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. catherine.ritter@unige.ch	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Tobacco control Periodical, Abbrev. Tob.Control Pub Date Free Form Sep Volume 21 Issue 5 Start Page 488 Other Pages 491 Notes LR: 20151119; JID: 9209612; 0 (Tobacco Smoke Pollution); 6M3C89ZY6R (Nicotine); 2011/08/11 [aheadofprint]; 2012/07/17 [aheadofprint]; ppublish Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1468-3318; 0964-4563 Accession Number PMID: 21836161 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.1136/tc.2011.043356 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 21836161 Abstract Although exposure to secondhand smoke (SHS) is reportedly high in prison, few studies have measured this in the prison environment, and none have done so in Europe. We measured two indicators of SHS exposure (particulate matter PM10 and nicotine) in fixed locations before (2009) and after (2010) introduction of a partial smoking ban in a Swiss prison. Access to smoking cessation support was available to detainees throughout the study. OBJECTIVES: To measure SHS before and after the introduction of a partial smoking ban. METHODS: Assessment of particulate matter PM10 (suspended microparticles of 10 mum) and nicotine in ambient air, collected by real-time aerosol monitor and nicotine monitoring devices. RESULTS: The authors observed a significant improvement of nicotine concentrations in the air after the introduction of the smoking ban (before: 7.0 mug/m(3), after: 2.1 mug/m(3), difference 4.9 mug/m(3), 95% CI for difference: 0.52 to 9.8, p=0.03) but not in particulate matter PM10 (before: 0.11 mg/m(3), after: 0.06 mg/m(3), difference 0.06 mg/m(3), 95% CI for difference of means: -0.07 to 0.19, p=0.30). CONCLUSIONS: The partial smoking ban was followed by a decrease in nicotine concentrations in ambient air. These improvements can be attributed to the introduction of the smoking ban since no other policy change occurred during this period. Although this shows that concentrations of SHS decreased significantly, protection was still incomplete and further action is necessary to improve indoor air quality. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Ritter,C., Huynh,C.K., Etter,J.F., Elger,B.S. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20110811 PMCID Editors
Exposure to waterpipe smoke induces renal functional and oxidative biomarkers variations in mice	2016	a Department of Clinical Pharmacy , Faculty of Pharmacy .; b Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology , Faculty of Medicine .; a Department of Clinical Pharmacy , Faculty of Pharmacy .; c Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences , Faculty of Applie	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Inhalation toxicology Periodical, Abbrev. Inhal.Toxicol. Pub Date Free Form 1-Aug Volume Issue Start Page 1 Other Pages 6 Notes LR: 20160801; JID: 8910739; OTO: NOTNLM; aheadofprint; SO: Inhal Toxicol. 2016 Aug 1:1-6. Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN 1091-7691; 0895-8378 Accession Number PMID: 27477853 Language ENG SubFile JOURNAL ARTICLE DOI 10.1080/08958378.2016.1210703 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 27477853 Abstract CONTEXT: Waterpipe smoking (WPS) has been known for over 400 years. It has been spread widely especially between youth because of the addition of pleasant flavor and because it was misconsidered to be less harmful than cigarette. OBJECTIVE: In this study, we investigated the effect of waterpipe smoking on renal oxidative and functional parameters and compared that at acute and chronic exposure time in mice. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Mice were divided into three groups, namely acute, chronic and fresh air control. Acute group was exposed to waterpipe smoke for one hour daily for six days using whole-body exposure system, while chronic group was exposed to waterpipe smoke for one hour daily for 30 days using whole-body exposure system. RESULT: Exposure to waterpipe smoke has shown significant changes on the mice kidney functional parameters such as creatinine and blood urea nitrogen. Both exposures (acute and chronic) has shown a significant reduction in superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity (p Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Rababa'h,A.M., Sultan,B.B., Alzoubi,K.H., Khabour,O.F., Ababneh,M.A. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20160801 PMCID Editors
Extended interactive voice response telephony (IVR) for relapse prevention after smoking cessation using varenicline and IVR: a pilot study	2013	Healthy Heart Program, Providence Health Care, St, Paul's Hospital, 1081 Burrard Street, Vancouver B,C, V6Z 1Y6, Canada. bmcnaughton@providencehealth.bc.ca.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full BMC public health Periodical, Abbrev. BMC Public Health Pub Date Free Form 10-Sep Volume 13 Issue Start Page 824 Other Pages 2458-13-824 Notes LR: 20151119; ClinicalTrials.gov/NCT00832806; JID: 100968562; 0 (Benzazepines); 0 (Nicotinic Agonists); 0 (Quinoxalines); W6HS99O8ZO (Varenicline); OID: NLM: PMC3848019; 2013/05/06 [received]; 2013/08/30 [accepted]; 2013/09/10 [aheadofprint]; epublish Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1471-2458; 1471-2458 Accession Number PMID: 24020450 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.1186/1471-2458-13-824 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 24020450 Abstract BACKGROUND: There is a significant resumption of smoking following smoking cessation using varenicline. Both smoking cessation medications and counseling have been shown to increase smoking quit rates at one year. Thus, the combination of varenicline and interactive voice response (IVR) telephony followed by extended IVR may further improve smoking cessation rates at one and two years. METHODS: 101 participants were recruited from the community via newspaper advertisement. They attended a group counseling session and were given smoking information booklets from the Canadian Cancer Society. After 12 weeks of varenicline and 9 IVR calls, all participants who had quit smoking were randomized into 2 groups matched by levels of motivation and addiction as per baseline questionnaire score. The intervention group continued to receive bi-weekly IVR support for weeks 13-52. The control group no longer received IVR. The primary end-point was self-reported abstinence and exhaled carbon monoxide levels of less than 10 ppm for weeks 12, 52 and 2 years. Data were analyzed by Fisher's exact test or Wilcoxon rank-sum test. RESULTS: Of the 101 participants, 44 (43%) had stopped smoking after 12 weeks of varenicline and 9 IVR calls. Of these, 23 (52%) were randomized to receive IVR calls from weeks 13 to 52.At 52 weeks, 26 (59%) participants remained smoke-free. Of the 23 with IVR, 12 (52.2%) stopped smoking compared to 14 of 21 (66.7%) without IVR. At 2 years, 40 of the 44 (90.9%) randomized participants were contacted and 24 of the 44 (54.5%) came in for testing. Fourteen (13% of the original cohort, 30% who were abstinent at 12 weeks and 53% who were abstinent at 52 weeks) remained smoke-free. Five of the 23 (21.7%) randomized to IVR and 9 of the 21 (42.9%) randomized to no IVR remained smoke-free at 2 years. CONCLUSIONS: In this pilot study of an apparently healthy population, extended IVR did not affect abstinence rates. There was no relapse prevention benefit in offering 9 months of continued IVR to subjects who had stopped smoking after receiving 3 months of varenicline and IVR treatment. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrial.gov: NCT00832806. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors McNaughton,B., Frohlich,J., Graham,A., Young,Q.R. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20130910 PMCID PMC3848019 Editors
Extraction and enrichment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons by ordered mesoporous carbon reinforced hollow fiber liquid-phase microextraction	2015	Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Agricultural University of Hebei, Baoding, China.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Journal of separation science Periodical, Abbrev. J.Sep.Sci. Pub Date Free Form Feb Volume 38 Issue 4 Start Page 683 Other Pages 689 Notes CI: (c) 2015; JID: 101088554; OTO: NOTNLM; 2014/10/01 [received]; 2014/11/29 [revised]; 2014/12/08 [accepted]; ppublish Place of Publication Germany ISSN/ISBN 1615-9314; 1615-9306 Accession Number PMID: 25565655 Language eng SubFile Journal Article DOI 10.1002/jssc.201401071 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 25565655 Abstract A novel microextraction method, ordered mesoporous carbon reinforced hollow fiber liquid-phase microextraction coupled with high-performance liquid chromatography and fluorescence detection, was developed for the determination of some organic pollutants in water samples. Four polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (fluorene, anthracene, fluoranthene, and pyrene) were selected to validate this new method. Main parameters that could influence the extraction efficiency such as extraction time, fiber length, stirring rate, the type of the extraction solvent, pH value, the concentration of ordered mesoporous carbon, and salt effect were optimized. Under the optimal extraction conditions, good linearity was observed in the range of 2-1000 ng/L, with the correlation coefficients of 0.9954-0.9986. The recoveries for the spiked samples were in the range of 88.96-100.17%. The limits of detection of the method were 0.4-4 ng/L. The relative standard deviations varied from 4.2-5.9%. The results demonstrated that the newly developed method was an efficient pretreatment and enrichment procedure for the determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in environmental water samples. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim Data Source Authors Liu,L., Zhou,X., Wang,C., Wu,Q., Wang,Z. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Extreme and acquiescence bias in a bi-ethnic population	2010	School of Public Health, Faculty of Social Welfare and Health Studies, University of Haifa, Israel. ornaepel@research.haifa.ac.il	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full European journal of public health Periodical, Abbrev. Eur.J.Public Health Pub Date Free Form Oct Volume 20 Issue 5 Start Page 543 Other Pages 548 Notes LR: 20151119; JID: 9204966; 2010/05/03 [aheadofprint]; ppublish Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1464-360X; 1101-1262 Accession Number PMID: 20439322 Language eng SubFile Comparative Study; Journal Article; IM DOI 10.1093/eurpub/ckq052 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 20439322 Abstract BACKGROUND: Extreme and acquiescence biases are the tendency to give a positive or extreme answer regardless of the 'true' answer. These biases may compromise comparisons of attitudes regarding health between population groups. The aim of the study was to measure the extent of extreme and acquiescence biases and identify factors associated with them in two ethnic groups: Jews and Arabs in Israel. METHODS: A random telephone survey was conducted during 2006, interviewing 2322 Jews and 809 Arabs. Three attitude questions were presented twice with opposite wording to measure extreme and acquiescence biases in these two groups. RESULTS: Extreme bias ranged from 2 to 14% among Jews and from 6 to 29% among Arabs, depending on the question. Acquiescence bias ranged from 2 to 10% among Jews and 5-19% among Arabs. The less educated respondents gave more extreme biased responses for all items. The older respondents gave more extreme answers for two out of the three questions tested. After adjusting for age and education the odds ratio (OR) of giving more extreme biased answers was higher among Arabs compared with Jews for all three questions [OR = 2.49, confidence interval (CI) = 1.87, 3.31; OR = 2.33, CI = 1.75, 3.10; and OR = 2.94, CI = 1.83-4.71, respectively, for each question]. CONCLUSIONS: Levels of response biases are higher in the Arab minority population compared with the majority Jewish population and depended on the subject, age and education. Descriptors Adult, Arabs/psychology/statistics & numerical data, Bias (Epidemiology), Confidence Intervals, Cross-Sectional Studies, Disclosure, Female, Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice, Humans, Interviews as Topic, Israel, Jews/psychology/statistics & numerical data, Male, Middle Aged, Odds Ratio, Oral Hygiene/psychology, Population Surveillance, Prejudice, Smoking/ethnology, Socioeconomic Factors, Surveys and Questionnaires Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Baron-Epel,O., Kaplan,G., Weinstein,R., Green,M. S. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20100503 PMCID Editors

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