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A novel coating based on carbon nanotubes/poly-ortho-phenylenediamine composite for headspace solid-phase microextraction of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons 2013 Department of Chemistry, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, P.O. Box 76169-133, Kerman, Iran.
Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Talanta
Periodical, Abbrev.
Talanta
Pub Date Free Form
15-Apr
Volume
108
Issue
Start Page
66
Other Pages
73
Notes
CI: Copyright (c) 2013; JID: 2984816R; 0 (Nanotubes, Carbon); 0 (Phenylenediamines); 0 (Polycyclic Hydrocarbons, Aromatic); 0 (Water Pollutants, Chemical); 0 (poly(o-phenylenediamine)); 12597-68-1 (Stainless Steel); 2013/01/08 [received]; 2013/02/14 [revi
Place of Publication
Netherlands
ISSN/ISBN
1873-3573; 0039-9140
Accession Number
PMID: 23601871
Language
eng
SubFile
Journal Article; IM
DOI
10.1016/j.talanta.2013.02.040 [doi]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
23601871
Abstract
A novel nanocomposite coating made of poly-o-phenylenediamine (PoPD) and oxidized multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) was electrochemically prepared for the first time on stainless steel wire. Subsequently, it was applied to headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) and gas chromatographic analysis of biphenyl and seven polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). The effects of polymerization potential, polymerization time, concentration of o-phenylenediamine and oxidized MWCNTs were investigated on the coating process. The fiber coating was carried out easily and in a reproducible manner, and the produced fiber was stable at high temperatures. The surface morphology of the coating was examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The effects of various parameters on the efficiency of HS-SPME process, such as desorption temperature, desorption time, extraction temperature, extraction time and ionic strength were also studied. Under optimized conditions, the calibration graphs were linear in the range of 0.1-300 ng mL(-1), and the detection limits for biphenyl and PAHs studied were between 0.02 and 0.09 ng mL(-1). The intra-day and inter-day relative standard deviations obtained at 5 ng mL(-1) concentration level (n=5), using a single fiber, were 3.2-7.8% and 5.2-9.3%, respectively. The fiber-to-fiber RSD% (n=3) were 6.2-11.3% at 5 ng mL(-1). The proposed HS-SPME method was successfully applied for the analysis of PAHs in water samples.
Descriptors
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
Elsevier B.V
Data Source
Authors
Behzadi,M., Noroozian,E., Mirzaei,M.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
20130304
PMCID
Editors
Determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in Persian Gulf and Caspian Sea: gold nanoparticles fiber for a head space solid phase micro extraction 2013 Department of Chemistry, Shahr-e-Rey Branch, Islamic Azad University, P. O. Box 18735-334, Tehran, Iran.
Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Bulletin of environmental contamination and toxicology
Periodical, Abbrev.
Bull.Environ.Contam.Toxicol.
Pub Date Free Form
Mar
Volume
90
Issue
3
Start Page
291
Other Pages
295
Notes
JID: 0046021; 0 (Polycyclic Hydrocarbons, Aromatic); 0 (Water Pollutants, Chemical); 7440-57-5 (Gold); 2012/09/18 [received]; 2012/11/17 [accepted]; 2012/11/25 [aheadofprint]; ppublish
Place of Publication
United States
ISSN/ISBN
1432-0800; 0007-4861
Accession Number
PMID: 23183967
Language
eng
SubFile
Journal Article; IM
DOI
10.1007/s00128-012-0906-2 [doi]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
23183967
Abstract
A gold nanoparticles modified fused silica fiber was developed and used for the head space solid phase micro-extraction (HS-SPME) of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), including naphthalene, anthracene, acenaphthylene, phenanthrene, fluoranthene and pyrene. The effects of different parameters influencing the extraction efficiency including extraction temperature, extraction time, ionic strength, stirring rate and sample volume were examined and optimized. Linear ranges of 1-300 mug L(-1) for naphthalene, 0.5-250 mug L(-1) for anthracene, acenaphthylene and phenanthrene and 0.05-200 mug L(-1) for fluoranthene and pyrene were obtained. Detection limits were in the range of 10-200 mug L(-1). Single fiber repeatability and fiber to fiber reproducibility were less than 2.5 %-6.0 % and 8.5 %-13.6 %, respectively. Seawater samples were analyzed as real samples and good recoveries (91.9 %-105.3 %) were obtained for target analytes.
Descriptors
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
Data Source
Authors
Karimi,M., Aboufazeli,F., Zhad,H.R., Sadeghi,O., Najafi,E.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
20121125
PMCID
Editors
(2S)-2-(4-Ethyl-2,3-dioxopiperazine-1-carboxamido)-2-(4-hy-droxy-phen-yl)acetic acid 2010 Department of Chemistry, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, People's Republic of China.
Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Acta crystallographica.Section E, Structure reports online
Periodical, Abbrev.
Acta Crystallogr.Sect.E.Struct.Rep.Online
Pub Date Free Form
3-Jul
Volume
66
Issue
Pt 8
Start Page
o1907
Other Pages
8
Notes
LR: 20111209; JID: 101089178; OID: NLM: PMC3007271; 2010/05/31 [received]; 2010/06/28 [accepted]; 2010/07/03 [epublish]; epublish
Place of Publication
England
ISSN/ISBN
1600-5368; 1600-5368
Accession Number
PMID: 21588240
Language
eng
SubFile
Journal Article
DOI
10.1107/S1600536810025262 [doi]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
21588240
Abstract
There are two mol-ecules in the asymmetric unit of the title compound, C(15)H(17)N(3)O(6). The 2,3-dioxopiperazine ring adopts a half-chair conformation with torsion angles of -7.6 (4) and 35.1 (4) degrees in one mol-ecule, and 5.3 (4) and 45.4 (4) degrees in the other mol-ecule. In the crystal structure, the carb-oxy groups are involved in classical inversion-related O-Hcdots, three dots, centeredO hydrogen bonds, which link the mol-ecules into centrosymmetric dimers. These dimers are further linked by inter-molecular O-Hcdots, three dots, centeredO and C-Hcdots, three dots, centeredO hydrogen bonds. Each independent mol-ecule also exhibits an intra-molecular N-Hcdots, three dots, centeredO hydrogen bond. The H atoms of the carb-oxy groups are disordered over two positions, with refined site-occupancy factors of 0.5.
Descriptors
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
Data Source
Authors
Wang,Q., Hu,L., Ma,J. P., Guo,D. S.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
20100703
PMCID
PMC3007271
Editors
An aniline-based fiber coating for solid phase microextraction of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from water followed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry 2007 Department of Chemistry, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran. bagheri@sharif.edu
Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Journal of chromatography.A
Periodical, Abbrev.
J.Chromatogr.A
Pub Date Free Form
8-Jun
Volume
1152
Issue
2-Jan
Start Page
168
Other Pages
174
Notes
LR: 20090115; JID: 9318488; 0 (Aniline Compounds); 0 (Polycyclic Hydrocarbons, Aromatic); 0 (Water Pollutants, Chemical); 0 (polyaniline); 2006/10/02 [received]; 2007/01/28 [revised]; 2007/02/02 [accepted]; 2007/02/08 [aheadofprint]; ppublish
Place of Publication
Netherlands
ISSN/ISBN
0021-9673; 0021-9673
Accession Number
PMID: 17316658
Language
eng
SubFile
Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM
DOI
S0021-9673(07)00255-5 [pii]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
17316658
Abstract
A fiber coating from polyaniline (PANI) was electrochemically prepared and employed for solid phase microextraction (SPME) of some polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) from water samples. The PANI film was directly electrodeposited on the platinum wire surface in sulfuric acid solution using cyclic voltammetry (CV) technique. The applicability of this coating was assessed employing a laboratory-made SPME device and gas chromatography with mass spectrometry (GC-MS) for the extraction of some PAHs from the headspace of aqueous samples. Application of wider potential range in CV led to a PANI with more stability against the temperature. The homogeneity and the porous surface structure of the film were examined by the scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The study revealed that this polymer is a suitable SPME fiber coating for extracting the selected PAHs. Important parameters influencing the extraction process were optimized and an extraction time of 40 min at 40 degrees C gave maximum peak area, when the aqueous sample was added with NaCl (20%, w/v). The synthesis of the PANI can be carried out conveniently and in a reproducible manner while it is rather inexpensive and stable against most of organic solvents. The film thickness of PANI can be precisely controlled by the number of CV cycles. The resulting thickness was roughly 20 microm after 20 cycles. At the optimum conditions, the relative standard deviation (RSD) for a double distilled water spiked with selected PAHs at ppb level were 8.80-16.8% (n = 3) and detection limits for the studied compounds were between 0.1-6 pg mL(-1). The performance of PANI was, also, compared with a commercial solid coated-based SPME fiber, carbowax/divinylbenzene (CW/DVB), under similar experimental conditions.
Descriptors
Aniline Compounds/chemistry, Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry/methods, Microscopy, Electron, Scanning, Osmolar Concentration, Polycyclic Hydrocarbons, Aromatic/isolation & purification, Solid Phase Microextraction/instrumentation, Temperature, Water Pollutants, Chemical/isolation & purification
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
Data Source
Authors
Bagheri,H., Babanezhad,E., Es-haghi,A.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
20070208
PMCID
Editors
Ultrasound-assisted emulsification microextraction method based on applying low density organic solvents followed by gas chromatography analysis for the determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in water samples 2009 Department of Chemistry, Tarbiat Modares University, P.O. Box 14115-175, Tehran, Iran.
Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Journal of chromatography.A
Periodical, Abbrev.
J.Chromatogr.A
Pub Date Free Form
25-Sep
Volume
1216
Issue
39
Start Page
6673
Other Pages
6679
Notes
JID: 9318488; 0 (Organic Chemicals); 0 (Polycyclic Hydrocarbons, Aromatic); 0 (Solvents); 0 (Water Pollutants, Chemical); 2009/06/01 [received]; 2009/07/30 [revised]; 2009/08/04 [accepted]; 2009/08/07 [aheadofprint]; ppublish
Place of Publication
Netherlands
ISSN/ISBN
1873-3778; 0021-9673
Accession Number
PMID: 19674752
Language
eng
SubFile
Evaluation Studies; Journal Article; IM
DOI
10.1016/j.chroma.2009.08.001 [doi]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
19674752
Abstract
In this study, a fast, simple and efficient ultrasound-assisted emulsification microextraction (USAEME) method was successfully developed based on applying low density organic solvents. Fourteen microliters of toluene was injected slowly into a 12 mL home-designed centrifuge glass vial containing an aqueous sample that was located inside the ultrasonic water bath. The formed emulsion was centrifuged and 2 microL of separated toluene (about 4 microL) was injected into a gas chromatographic system equipped with a flame ionization detector (GC-FID) for analysis. Some polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were selected as model compounds for developing the method and evaluating its performance and to compare the efficiency of the proposed method with previously reported techniques. Several factors influencing the emulsification, extraction and collection efficiency such as the nature and volume of organic solvent, emulsification-extraction temperature, ionic strength and equilibrium and centrifugation times were investigated and optimized. Under the optimum conditions, preconcentration factors (PFs) in a range of 1776-2714 were obtained. The performance of the proposed method was studied in terms of linear dynamic range (LDRs from 0.05 to 100 microg L(-1)), linearity (R(2) > or = 0.994), precision (repeatability: RSD% < or = 7.9, reproducibility: RSD% < or = 14.6) and extraction percents (59.2-90.5%). Limits of detection (LODs) in the range of 0.02-0.05 microg L(-1) were obtained for different PAHs. The applicability of the proposed method was evaluated by the extraction and determination of PAHs from several natural water samples.
Descriptors
Chemical Fractionation/methods, Chromatography, Gas, Organic Chemicals/chemistry, Polycyclic Hydrocarbons, Aromatic/analysis, Solvents/chemistry, Ultrasonics, Water Pollutants, Chemical/analysis
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
Data Source
Authors
Saleh,A., Yamini,Y., Faraji,M., Rezaee,M., Ghambarian,M.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
20090807
PMCID
Editors
Decompression sickness in breath-hold diving, and its probable connection to the growth and dissolution of small arterial gas emboli 2015 Department of Chemistry, the Guelph-Waterloo Centre for Graduate Work in Chemistry and the Guelph-Waterloo Physics Institute University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada. Electronic address: sgoldman@uoguelph.ca.; Department of Chemistry, the Gue
Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Mathematical biosciences
Periodical, Abbrev.
Math.Biosci.
Pub Date Free Form
Apr
Volume
262
Issue
Start Page
1
Other Pages
9
Notes
CI: Copyright (c) 2015; JID: 0103146; OTO: NOTNLM; 2014/10/28 [received]; 2015/01/05 [accepted]; 2015/01/15 [aheadofprint]; ppublish
Place of Publication
United States
ISSN/ISBN
1879-3134; 0025-5564
Accession Number
PMID: 25598211
Language
eng
SubFile
Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM
DOI
10.1016/j.mbs.2015.01.001 [doi]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
25598211
Abstract
We solved the Laplace equation for the radius of an arterial gas embolism (AGE), during and after breath-hold diving. We used a simple three-region diffusion model for the AGE, and applied our results to two types of breath-hold dives: single, very deep competitive-level dives and repetitive shallower breath-hold dives similar to those carried out by indigenous commercial pearl divers in the South Pacific. Because of the effect of surface tension, AGEs tend to dissolve in arterial blood when arteries remote from supersaturated tissue. However if, before fully dissolving, they reach the capillary beds that perfuse the brain and the inner ear, they may become inflated with inert gas that is transferred into them from these contiguous temporarily supersaturated tissues. By using simple kinetic models of cerebral and inner ear tissue, the nitrogen tissue partial pressures during and after the dive(s) were determined. These were used to theoretically calculate AGE growth and dissolution curves for AGEs lodged in capillaries of the brain and inner ear. From these curves it was found that both cerebral and inner ear decompression sickness are expected to occur occasionally in single competitive-level dives. It was also determined from these curves that for the commercial repetitive dives considered, the duration of the surface interval (the time interval separating individual repetitive dives from one another) was a key determinant, as to whether inner ear and/or cerebral decompression sickness arose. Our predictions both for single competitive-level and repetitive commercial breath-hold diving were consistent with what is known about the incidence of cerebral and inner ear decompression sickness in these forms of diving.
Descriptors
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
Elsevier Inc
Data Source
Authors
Goldman,S., Solano-Altamirano,J.M.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
20150115
PMCID
Editors
Polymeric ionic liquid bucky gels as sorbent coatings for solid-phase microextraction 2014 Department of Chemistry, The University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43606, USA.; Department of Chemistry, The University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43606, USA; School of Green Chemistry and Engineering, The University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43606, USA. Electronic add
Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Journal of chromatography.A
Periodical, Abbrev.
J.Chromatogr.A
Pub Date Free Form
30-May
Volume
1344
Issue
Start Page
15
Other Pages
22
Notes
CI: Copyright (c) 2014; JID: 9318488; 0 (Gels); 0 (Ionic Liquids); 0 (Ions); 0 (Nanotubes, Carbon); 0 (Polycyclic Hydrocarbons, Aromatic); 0 (Polymers); OTO: NOTNLM; 2014/02/24 [received]; 2014/04/03 [revised]; 2014/04/04 [accepted]; 2014/04/13 [aheadofpr
Place of Publication
Netherlands
ISSN/ISBN
1873-3778; 0021-9673
Accession Number
PMID: 24768123
Language
eng
SubFile
Journal Article; IM
DOI
10.1016/j.chroma.2014.04.013 [doi]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
24768123
Abstract
Novel cross-linked polymeric ionic liquid (PIL) bucky gels were formed by free-radical polymerization of polymerizable ionic liquids gelled with multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) and used as sorbent coatings for solid-phase microextraction (SPME). The combination of PIL with MWCNTs significantly enhanced the pi-pi interaction between the sorbent coatings and the aromatic analytes. Compared to the neat PIL-based sorbent coating, the PIL bucky gel sorbent coatings demonstrated higher extraction efficiency for the extraction of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). A partitioning extraction mechanism was observed for the PIL/MWCNT-based sorbent coatings indicating that the addition of MWCNTs did not seem to affect the extraction mechanism of the sorbent coating. The analyte-to-coating partition coefficients (logKfs) were estimated and the limits of detection (LOD) for selected PIL bucky gel sorbent coating were determined to be in the range of 1-2.5 ng L(-1). Recovery studies were also performed for PAHs in river and tap water to validate the applicability of the developed method.
Descriptors
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
Elsevier B.V
Data Source
Authors
Zhang,C., Anderson,J.L.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
20140413
PMCID
Editors
Solid-phase extraction with C30 bonded silica for analysis of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in airborne particulate matters by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry 2007 Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Journal of chromatography.A
Periodical, Abbrev.
J.Chromatogr.A
Pub Date Free Form
22-Jun
Volume
1154
Issue
2-Jan
Start Page
74
Other Pages
80
Notes
LR: 20090115; JID: 9318488; 0 (Air Pollutants); 0 (Polycyclic Hydrocarbons, Aromatic); 7631-86-9 (Silicon Dioxide); 2007/02/15 [received]; 2007/03/29 [revised]; 2007/03/30 [accepted]; 2007/04/06 [aheadofprint]; ppublish
Place of Publication
Netherlands
ISSN/ISBN
0021-9673; 0021-9673
Accession Number
PMID: 17459395
Language
eng
SubFile
Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM
DOI
S0021-9673(07)00657-7 [pii]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
17459395
Abstract
A solid-phase extraction (SPE) method using triacontyl bonded silica (C30) as sorbent was developed for the determination of 16 US Environmental Protection Agency polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in airborne particulate matters quantitatively by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Optimization experiments were conducted using spiked standard aqueous solution of PAHs and real airborne particulates samples aiming to obtain highest SPE recoveries and extraction efficiency. Factors were studied in SPE procedures including the concentration of organic modifier, flow rate of sample loading and elution solvents. The ultrasonication time and solvents were also investigated. Recoveries were in the range of 68-107% for standard PAHs aqueous solution and 61-116% for real spiked sample. Limits of detection (LODs) and limits of quantification (LOQs) with standard solution were in the range of 0.0070-0.21 microgL(-1) and 0.022-0.67 microgL(-1), respectively. The optimized method was successfully applied to the determination of 16 PAHs in real airborne particulate matters.
Descriptors
Air Pollutants/analysis, Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry/methods, Polycyclic Hydrocarbons, Aromatic/analysis, Silicon Dioxide, Solid Phase Extraction/methods
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
Data Source
Authors
Li,K., Li,H., Liu,L., Hashi,Y., Maeda,T., Lin,J. M.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
20070406
PMCID
Editors
Crystal structure of 4-bromo-2-[(E)-N-(2,2,6,6-tetra-methyl-piperidin-4-yl)carboximido-yl]phenol dihydrate 2015 Department of Chemistry, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70118, USA.; Chemistry and Environmental Division, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester M1 5GD, England ; Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Minia University, 61519 El-Minia, Egy
Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Acta crystallographica.Section E, Crystallographic communications
Periodical, Abbrev.
Acta Crystallogr.E.Crystallogr.Commun.
Pub Date Free Form
25-Apr
Volume
71
Issue
Pt 5
Start Page
o349
Other Pages
50
Notes
LR: 20150524; JID: 101648987; OID: NLM: PMC4420100; OTO: NOTNLM; 2015/05/01 [ecollection]; 2015/04/09 [received]; 2015/04/16 [accepted]; 2015/04/25 [epublish]; epublish
Place of Publication
England
ISSN/ISBN
2056-9890
Accession Number
PMID: 25995942
Language
eng
SubFile
Journal Article
DOI
10.1107/S2056989015007471 [doi]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
25995942
Abstract
In the title hydrate, C16H23BrN2O.2H2O, the organic mol-ecule features a strong intra-molecular O-Hcdots, three dots, centeredN hydrogen bond. The piperidine ring, in addition, adopts a chair conformation with the exocyclic C-N bond in an equatorial orientation. The water molecules of crystallization are disordered (each over two sets of sites with half occupancy. In the crystal, they associate into corrugated (100) sheets of (H2O)4 tetra-mers linked by O-Hcdots, three dots, centeredO hydrogen bonds. The organic mol-ecules, in turn, are arranged at both sides of these sheets, linked by water-piperidine O-Hcdots, three dots, centeredN hydrogen bonds.
Descriptors
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
Data Source
Authors
Mague,J.T., Mohamed,S.K., Akkurt,M., Abdelhamid,A.A., Albayati,M.R.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
20150425
PMCID
PMC4420100
Editors
Studies on commuters&#39; exposure to BTEX in passenger cars in Kolkata, India 2007 Department of Chemistry, University College of Science Technology and Agriculture, 92, A. P. C. Road, Kolkata 700 009, India.
Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
The Science of the total environment
Periodical, Abbrev.
Sci.Total Environ.
Pub Date Free Form
1-Jan
Volume
372
Issue
3-Feb
Start Page
426
Other Pages
432
Notes
LR: 20131121; JID: 0330500; 0 (Air Pollutants); 0 (Benzene Derivatives); 0 (Petroleum); 0 (Vehicle Emissions); 0 (Xylenes); 3FPU23BG52 (Toluene); J64922108F (Benzene); 2006/04/28 [received]; 2006/09/07 [revised]; 2006/09/19 [accepted]; 2006/11/17 [aheadof
Place of Publication
Netherlands
ISSN/ISBN
0048-9697; 0048-9697
Accession Number
PMID: 17113131
Language
eng
SubFile
Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM
DOI
S0048-9697(06)00736-4 [pii]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
17113131
Abstract
Commuters' exposure to volatile organic compounds (VOCs) especially BTEX travelling in passenger cars in Kolkata, India were quantified in Phase I (2001-2002) and Phase II (2003-2004). Monitoring was made inside and in the immediate outside of passenger cars fitted with and without catalytic converters using different types of fuels, along two congested urban routes. During Phase I of the study, the benzene content in gasoline was 5% and the mean concentration of in-vehicle benzene in cars without catalytic converter was found to be as high as 721.2 microg/m3. In Phase II when the benzene content was reduced to <3% and with modified engine type, the mean in-vehicle benzene concentration was reduced to 112.4 microg/m3. The in-vehicle concentration varied with engine type and age of the vehicle. Roadside ambient mean concentration of benzene was 214.8 microg/m3 and 30.8 microg/m3 in Phase I and Phase II respectively.
Descriptors
Air Pollutants/analysis, Air Pollution, Indoor, Analysis of Variance, Automobiles, Benzene/analysis, Benzene Derivatives/analysis, Cities, Environmental Exposure, Humans, India, Petroleum, Toluene/analysis, Vehicle Emissions/analysis, Volatilization, Xylenes/analysis
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
Data Source
Authors
Som,D., Dutta,C., Chatterjee,A., Mallick,D., Jana,T. K., Sen,S.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
20061117
PMCID
Editors