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WTS Database
The subject of interest is:
waterpipe, water-pipe, nargile, narghile, arguileh, arguile, shisha, sheesha, chichi, hubble bubble, hubbly bubbly, goza, hookah, bong
| Title Sort ascending | Pub Year | Author | SearchLink |
|---|---|---|---|
| Periodontal Health Condition and Associated Factors among University Students, Yemen | 2015 | Assistant Professor, Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Sana'a University , Sana'a, Yemen; Department of Pedodontics, Periodontology and Preventive Dentistry, Al-Farabi Colleges, Riyadh, Saudi .; Assistant Professor, Department of Oral Me | Read more... |
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Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Journal of clinical and diagnostic research : JCDR
Periodical, Abbrev.
J.Clin.Diagn.Res.
Pub Date Free Form
Dec
Volume
9
Issue
12
Start Page
ZC30
Other Pages
3
Notes
LR: 20160202; JID: 101488993; OID: NLM: PMC4717690; OTO: NOTNLM; 2015/08/23 [received]; 2015/10/23 [accepted]; 2015/12/01 [epublish]; ppublish
Place of Publication
India
ISSN/ISBN
2249-782X; 0973-709X
Accession Number
PMID: 26813290
Language
eng
SubFile
Journal Article
DOI
10.7860/JCDR/2015/16435.6964 [doi]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
26813290
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: Studies on oral health status among Yemeni population are scarce. AIM: This study aimed to evaluate the periodontal health among advantaged section of Yemeni society, university students, in health and non-health fields. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Periodontal health status of a sample of 360 students from dental, medical and literature faculties (120 each with equal gender distribution) at Sana'a University was evaluated by two calibrated examiners using CPI index. Data regarding tooth-brushing practices and smoking and khat chewing habits were obtained using a structured interview questionnaire. RESULTS: Only 45 students (12.5%) had healthy periodontium, while 113 (31.4%), 186 (51.7%) and 16 (4.4%) had bleeding, calculus and shallow pocket, respectively, with no significant differences between faculties. Females revealed significantly better periodontal health compared to males, though their bleeding score was higher. Dental and medical students and female students in general were significantly more interested in tooth-brushing and significantly less interested in practicing the deleterious habits such as smoking and khat chewing. CONCLUSION: The overall periodontal health of Sana'a University students is still unsatisfactory even among students in health field. Females and students in health field revealed better periodontal health and oral health practices (tooth-brushing) in comparison to male students and those in non-health field. The negative effects of the highly prevalent smoking and khat chewing habits deserve further reliable researches and proper educational programs at the national level.
Descriptors
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Book Title
Database
Publisher
Data Source
Authors
Dhaifullah,E., Al-Maweri,S.A., Al-Motareb,F., Halboub,E., Elkhatat,E., Baroudi,K., Tarakji,B.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
20151201
PMCID
PMC4717690
Editors
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| Periodontal disease in gestational and type 1 diabetes mellitus pregnant women | 2011 | Disciplina de Endocrinologia e Centro de Diabetes, Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brasil. | Read more... |
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Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Oral diseases
Periodical, Abbrev.
Oral Dis.
Pub Date Free Form
Jul
Volume
17
Issue
5
Start Page
515
Other Pages
521
Notes
LR: 20111117; CI: (c) 2011; JID: 9508565; 0 (Blood Glucose); 0 (Hemoglobin A, Glycosylated); 0 (Hypoglycemic Agents); 0 (Insulin); 2011/03/03 [aheadofprint]; ppublish
Place of Publication
Denmark
ISSN/ISBN
1601-0825; 1354-523X
Accession Number
PMID: 21371203
Language
eng
SubFile
Comparative Study; Journal Article; D
DOI
10.1111/j.1601-0825.2011.01805.x [doi]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
21371203
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: The present study evaluated the relationship between periodontal disease and its clinical variables in Brazilian non-diabetic pregnant women (C), gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), or type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). SUBJECTS AND METHODS: A periodontal exam was performed in one hundred and sixty-one pregnant women (GDM:80; T1DM:31; C:50) by a single-blinded calibrated examiner who recorded plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), bleeding index (BI), gingival margin location (GM), probing depth (PD), clinical attachment level (CAL), bleeding on probing (BOP), and tooth mobility index (MI). The medical variables were age, pregestational body mass index (pre-BMI), fasting plasma glucose (FPG), and glycated hemoglobin (HbA(1c) ). RESULTS: The GI, GM, PD, CAL, BOP, and MI were significantly higher (P
Descriptors
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
John Wiley & Sons A/S
Data Source
Authors
Ruiz,D.R., Romito,G.A., Dib,S.A.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
20110303
PMCID
Editors
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| Periodontal disease among indigenous people in the Amazon rain forest | 2001 | Oral Health Clinical Research Center, School of Dentistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA. mrondero@uop.edu | Read more... |
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Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Journal of clinical periodontology
Periodical, Abbrev.
J.Clin.Periodontol.
Pub Date Free Form
Nov
Volume
28
Issue
11
Start Page
995
Other Pages
1003
Notes
LR: 20061115; JID: 0425123; ppublish
Place of Publication
Denmark
ISSN/ISBN
0303-6979; 0303-6979
Accession Number
PMID: 11686819
Language
eng
SubFile
Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; D; IM
DOI
281102 [pii]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
11686819
Abstract
BACKGROUND: People are not all equally susceptible to periodontitis. To understand the epidemiology and natural history of this disease, it is important to study populations with varying genetic backgrounds and environmental exposures. AIM: Characterize the periodontal condition of a sample of indigenous adults in a remote region of the Amazon rain forest and determine the association of periodontal disease with various demographic, behavioral and environmental factors. METHODS: A cross-sectional evaluation of 244 subjects aged 20-70 years was conducted. Pocket depth (PD), clinical attachment level (CAL), bleeding on probing (BOP), plaque and calculus were assessed for the Ramfjord index teeth. RESULTS: These people had high levels of plaque, calculus and BOP. The mean PD was rather shallow (2.45 mm in 20-29 year-olds to 2.73 mm in 50+ year-olds) and did not increase significantly with age. Mean CAL (0.57 mm in 20-29 year-olds and 2.26 mm in 50+ year-olds) and mean location of the free gingival margin in relation to the cemento-enamel junction changed significantly with age (p<0.0001). Multivariate analysis revealed that increasing age, bleeding on probing and calculus scores were positively associated with mean CAL (p<0.01). Sex, ethnicity, level of modern acculturation, use of coca or tobacco paste, frequency of dental visits and plaque were not associated with mean CAL. CONCLUSIONS: Periodontal disease in these people was mainly associated with gingival recession rather than deep pockets. Most people had clinical attachment loss but despite poor oral hygiene and extensive gingival inflammation, they did not have very severe periodontal destruction.
Descriptors
Acculturation, Adult, Age Factors, Aged, Colombia/epidemiology, Cross-Sectional Studies, Dental Calculus/epidemiology, Dental Care/statistics & numerical data, Dental Plaque/epidemiology, Disease Susceptibility, Environmental Exposure, Ethnic Groups/statistics & numerical data, Female, Gingival Hemorrhage/epidemiology, Gingival Recession/epidemiology, Gingivitis/epidemiology, Humans, Indians, South American/statistics & numerical data, Linear Models, Male, Middle Aged, Multivariate Analysis, Oral Hygiene, Periodontal Attachment Loss/epidemiology, Periodontal Diseases/epidemiology/genetics, Periodontal Pocket/epidemiology, Regression Analysis, Sex Factors, Smoking/epidemiology, Tobacco
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
Data Source
Authors
Ronderos,M., Pihlstrom,B. L., Hodges,J. S.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
PMCID
Editors
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| Periodontal conditions of individuals with Sjogren's syndrome | 2009 | Postgraduate Program in Dentistry, Brazilian Lutheran University, Canoas, RS, Brazil. raquelantoniazzi@hotmail.com | Read more... |
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Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Journal of periodontology
Periodical, Abbrev.
J.Periodontol.
Pub Date Free Form
Mar
Volume
80
Issue
3
Start Page
429
Other Pages
435
Notes
JID: 8000345; 0 (Interleukin-1beta); EC 3.4.21.36 (Pancreatic Elastase); ppublish
Place of Publication
United States
ISSN/ISBN
0022-3492; 0022-3492
Accession Number
PMID: 19254127
Language
eng
SubFile
Comparative Study; Journal Article; Multicenter Study; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; D; IM
DOI
10.1902/jop.2009.080350 [doi]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
19254127
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Sjogren's syndrome (SjS) is a systemic autoimmune disease that might lead to hyposalivation and negatively affect the oral environment. The evidence with regard to the periodontal conditions in this group of subjects is still controversial. This study aimed to evaluate the periodontal clinical conditions and inflammatory markers in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) from patients with primary Sjogren's syndrome (SjS [P]) or secondary Sjogren's syndrome (SjS [S]) compared to a control group. METHODS: Nineteen individuals with SjS (11 SjS [P] and eight SjS [S]) and 19 controls, matched for gender, age, and tobacco exposure, were selected from two private clinics and a hospital. The groups were compared for stimulated whole saliva (SWS) flow rate, plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), probing depth (PD), bleeding on probing (BOP), clinical attachment level (CAL), and total amount of interleukin (IL)-1beta and total elastase activity in the GCF. Generalized estimating equations were used for data analysis. RESULTS: Individuals with SjS had a significantly lower SWS flow rate and higher mean PI, GI, PD, CAL, and BOP than controls. After adjustment for plaque, GI remained significantly higher in patients with SjS. Patients with SjS (S) had significantly higher mean CAL and PD than patients with SjS (P), and CAL and BOP remained significantly higher in this subgroup after adjustment. No differences were observed with regard to the GCF inflammatory markers. After adjusting for PD, subjects with SjS (P) showed lower levels of IL-1beta compared to controls. CONCLUSION: SjS seemed to negatively affect the periodontal condition because gingival inflammation was more evident in the individuals with SjS, particularly those with SjS (S).
Descriptors
Autoimmune Diseases/immunology, Case-Control Studies, Dental Plaque Index, Female, Gingival Crevicular Fluid/chemistry, Gingival Hemorrhage/etiology/immunology, Gingivitis/etiology/immunology, Humans, Interleukin-1beta/analysis, Male, Middle Aged, Pancreatic Elastase/analysis, Periodontal Attachment Loss/etiology/immunology, Periodontal Diseases/etiology/immunology, Periodontal Index, Periodontal Pocket/etiology/immunology, Saliva/immunology/secretion, Secretory Rate/physiology, Sjogren's Syndrome/complications/drug therapy/immunology, Smoking
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
Data Source
Authors
Antoniazzi,R. P., Miranda,L. A., Zanatta,F. B., Islabao,A. G., Gustafsson,A., Chiapinotto,G. A., Oppermann,R. V.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
PMCID
Editors
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| Periodontal conditions of Colombian university students aged 16 to 35 | 2014 | Departamento de Ciencias Basicas y Medicina Oral, Facultad de Odontologia, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogota, Bogota D.C., Colombia.; Departamento de Ciencias Basicas y Medicina Oral, Facultad de Odontologia, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogot | Read more... |
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Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Brazilian oral research
Periodical, Abbrev.
Braz Oral Res.
Pub Date Free Form
Volume
28
Issue
Start Page
S1806
Other Pages
83242014000100223. Epub 2014 May 16
Notes
LR: 20150720; JID: 101307187; 2013/08/31 [received]; 2014/01/13 [accepted]; 2014/05/16 [aheadofprint]; ppublish
Place of Publication
Brazil
ISSN/ISBN
1807-3107; 1806-8324
Accession Number
PMID: 24878670
Language
eng
SubFile
Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; D; IM
DOI
S1806-83242014000100223 [pii]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
24878670
Abstract
Epidemiological data on the periodontal health and oral hygiene practices of young individuals in Latin America are limited. This study was conducted in a sample of 355 first-year students randomly selected from 3,251 new students entering the largest university in Colombia. Participants received a periodontal examination and were interviewed about oral hygiene practices. Specifically, this study assessed the relationship between oral hygiene practices (including smoking tobacco) and plaque accumulation and/or periodontal bleeding on probing (BOP). Participants had extensive plaque accumulation and BOP, with a mean O Leary plaque index of 56% and mean BOP of 37%. Both measures were higher for proximal surfaces. Plaque indices of at least 50% were not associated with any oral hygiene factors; however, plaque index and use of dental floss were associated with a BOP of at least 50%. Frequency of tooth brushing was higher in female than in male participants. Only 5% of participants reported smoking tobacco. On average, participants had 2.7+/-4.6 pockets of at least 4 mm (18% of participants had >/=5 and 9% of participants had >/=10 pockets of this depth, respectively). On average, participants had 2.1+/-4.4 sites with clinical attachment loss of at least 2 mm (15% and 6% of participants had >/=5 and >/=10 sites with this level of loss). Only 8% of participants were diagnosed with moderate periodontitis, and no participants were diagnosed with severe periodontitis. In conclusion, although participants had high levels of plaque and BOP, signs of advanced destructive periodontal disease were minimal.
Descriptors
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
Data Source
Authors
Marulanda,A.M., Coral,D., Sabogal,D., Serrano,C.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
20140516
PMCID
Editors
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| Periodontal bone height of exclusive narghile smokers compared with exclusive cigarette smokers | 2016 | Department of Dental Medicine, Fattouma BOURGUIBA University Hospital of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia.; Research Laboratory N degrees LR12SP10: Functional and Aesthetic Rehabilitation of Maxillary, Farhat HACHED University Hospital of Sousse, Sousse, Tunis | Read more... |
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Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
The Libyan journal of medicine
Periodical, Abbrev.
Libyan J.Med.
Pub Date Free Form
30-Jun
Volume
11
Issue
Start Page
31689
Other Pages
Notes
LR: 20160728; JID: 101299403; OID: NLM: PMC4930549; OTO: NOTNLM; 2016 [ecollection]; 2016/03/21 [received]; 2016/05/31 [accepted]; epublish
Place of Publication
Sweden
ISSN/ISBN
1819-6357; 1819-6357
Accession Number
PMID: 27370513
Language
eng
SubFile
Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM
DOI
10.3402/ljm.v11.31689 [doi]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
27370513
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To compare the periodontal bone height (PBH) of exclusive narghile smokers (ENS) with that of exclusive cigarette smokers (ECS). METHODS: Tunisian males aged 20-35 years who have been ENS for more than five narghile-years or ECS for more than five pack-years were recruited to participate in this comparative cross-sectional study. Information about oral health habits and tobacco consumption were gathered using a predetermined questionnaire. Plaque levels were recorded in four sites using the plaque index of Loe and Silness. The PBH was measured mesially and distally from digital panoramic radiographs of each tooth and expressed as a percentage of the root length. A PBH level = 0.70 was applied as a cutoff reference value signifying bone loss. Student t-test and Chi(2) test were used to compare quantitative and qualitative data of both groups. RESULTS: There were no significant differences between the ENS (n=60) and ECS (n=60) groups regarding age and the consumed quantities of tobacco (28 +/- 4 vs. 27 +/- 5 years, 7 +/- 3 narghile-years vs. 8 +/- 3 pack-years, respectively). Compared with the ECS group, the ENS group had a significantly higher plaque index (mean +/- SD values were 1.54 +/- 0.70 vs. 1.84 +/- 0.73, respectively). However, the two groups had similar means of PBH (0.85 +/- 0.03 vs. 0.86 +/- 0.04) and tooth brushing frequencies (1.1 +/- 0.8 vs. 0.9 +/- 0.6 a day, respectively) and had similar bone loss frequencies (15% vs. 12%, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Both ENS and ECS exhibited the same PBH reduction, which means that both types of tobacco smoking are associated with periodontal bone loss.
Descriptors
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
Data Source
Authors
Khemiss,M., Ben Khelifa,M., Ben Rejeb,M., Ben Saad,H.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
20160630
PMCID
PMC4930549
Editors
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| Peri-implant clinical and radiographic status and whole salivary cotinine levels among cigarette and waterpipe smokers and never-smokers | 2018 | Read more... | |
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Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Journal of oral science
Periodical, Abbrev.
J.Oral Sci.
Pub Date Free Form
Volume
60
Issue
2
Start Page
247
Other Pages
252
Notes
Place of Publication
ISSN/ISBN
Accession Number
Language
SubFile
DOI
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
Abstract
Descriptors
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
Nihon University School of Dentistry
Data Source
google
Authors
BinShabaib, Munerah S, Mehmood, Abid, Akram, Zohaib, ALHarthi, Shatha S
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
PMCID
Editors
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| Perceptions of Turkish University Students about the Effects of Water Pipe Smoking on Health | 2015 | Faculty of Health Sciences, Yildirim Beyazit University , Ankara, Turkey E-mail : ndede@sakarya.edu.tr. | Read more... |
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Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention : APJCP
Periodical, Abbrev.
Asian Pac.J.Cancer.Prev.
Pub Date Free Form
Volume
16
Issue
11
Start Page
4615
Other Pages
4621
Notes
JID: 101130625; ppublish
Place of Publication
Thailand
ISSN/ISBN
1513-7368; 1513-7368
Accession Number
PMID: 26107213
Language
eng
SubFile
Journal Article; IM
DOI
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
26107213
Abstract
BACKGROUND: The popularity of the water pipe, also referred to as hookah, narghile, shisha or hubble-bubble, has increased tremendously during the past few decades. This study was conducted to determine student water pipe smoking status and perceptions about the effects of water pipe smoking on health in a state university in Ankara. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This cross-sectional study was conducted between September 2014 and January 2015. The data were collected with a questionnaire and "The Scale of Perception about the Effects of Water Pipe Smoking on Health". The data obtained were evaluated in IBM SPSS (version 20.0) statistical package program in computer. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used for the analyses by checking homogeneity of variances and Student's t-test. Values of p
Descriptors
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
Data Source
Authors
Sahin,S., Cinar,N.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
PMCID
Editors
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| Perceptions of the US National Tobacco Quitline Among Adolescents and Adults: A Qualitative Study, 2012-2013 | 2015 | Washington University in St. Louis, 660 S. Euclid Ave, Campus Box 8100, Saint Louis, MO 63110. Email: waterse@wudosis.wustl.edu.; Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri.; Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri.; Was | Read more... |
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Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Preventing chronic disease
Periodical, Abbrev.
Prev.Chronic Dis.
Pub Date Free Form
20-Aug
Volume
12
Issue
Start Page
E131
Other Pages
Notes
LR: 20160317; GR: P50 CA95815-09S1/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States; GR: R03 CA175571-01/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States; GR: U54 CA153460/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States; JID: 101205018; OID: NLM: PMC4556101; epublish
Place of Publication
United States
ISSN/ISBN
1545-1151; 1545-1151
Accession Number
PMID: 26292062
Language
eng
SubFile
Journal Article; Multicenter Study; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; IM
DOI
10.5888/pcd12.150139 [doi]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
26292062
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: Tobacco quitlines are critical components of comprehensive tobacco control programs. However, use of the US National Tobacco Quitline (1-800-QUIT-NOW) is low. Promoting quitlines on cigarette warning labels may increase call volume and smoking cessation rates but only if smokers are aware of, and receptive to, quitline services. METHODS: We conducted qualitative interviews with a diverse subset (n = 159) of adolescent (14-17 y) and adult (>/=18 y) participants of a larger quantitative survey about graphic cigarette warning labels (N = 1,590). A convenience sample was recruited from schools and community organizations in 6 states. Interviews lasted 30 to 45 minutes and included questions to assess basic knowledge and perceptions of the quitline number printed on the warning labels. Data were analyzed using content analysis. RESULTS: Four themes were identified: available services, caller characteristics, quitline service provider characteristics, and logistics. Participants were generally knowledgeable about quitline services, including the provision of telephone-based counseling. However, some adolescents believed that quitlines provide referrals to "rehab." Quitline callers are perceived as highly motivated - even desperate - to quit. Few smokers were interested in calling the quitline, but some indicated that they might call if they were unable to quit independently. It was generally recognized that quitline services are or should be free, confidential, and operated by governmental or nonprofit agencies, possibly using tobacco settlement funds. CONCLUSION: Future marketing efforts should raise awareness of the nature and benefits of quitline services to increase use of these services and, consequently, reduce tobacco use, improve public health, and reduce tobacco-related health disparities.
Descriptors
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Book Title
Database
Publisher
Data Source
Authors
Waters,E.A., McQueen,A., Caburnay,C.A., Boyum,S., Sanders Thompson,V.L., Kaphingst,K.A., Kreuter,M.W.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
20150820
PMCID
PMC4556101
Editors
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| Perceptions of relative risk of disease and addiction from cigarettes and snus | 2014 | Norwegian Institute for Alcohol and Drug Research (SIRUS).; Norwegian Institute for Alcohol and Drug Research (SIRUS). | Read more... |
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Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Psychology of addictive behaviors : journal of the Society of Psychologists in Addictive Behaviors
Periodical, Abbrev.
Psychol.Addict.Behav.
Pub Date Free Form
Jun
Volume
28
Issue
2
Start Page
367
Other Pages
375
Notes
JID: 8802734; 2013/05/06 [aheadofprint]; ppublish
Place of Publication
United States
ISSN/ISBN
1939-1501; 0893-164X
Accession Number
PMID: 23647153
Language
eng
SubFile
Journal Article; IM
DOI
10.1037/a0032657 [doi]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
23647153
Abstract
The public is largely unaware of the lower global risk associated with snus compared with that of cigarettes, but little is known of perceptions of relative risks for specific diseases. Inveterate, daily, and nondaily smokers' perceptions of the relative snus/cigarette risk of cardiovascular disease, and of cancer of the lung, stomach, and oral cavity, and perceptions among smokers, snus users, and dual users of the relative risk of nicotine addiction, was studied in a pooled sample from annual national surveys (2008-2011) performed by Statistics Norway. The total sample included 2,661 ever smokers and snus users aged 15-79 years old. Fifty-three percent were men, and the average age was 46.1 year. Compared with medical consensus, all smoker groups overestimated the relative risks of diseases from snus use, and inveterate smokers overestimated them significantly more than other groups. For all diseases except lung cancer, the majority of smokers thought snus users were running a higher or equal risk. For lung cancer, 22% believed that snus use gave a higher or equal risk. Smokers, snus users, and dual users tended to think that snus and cigarettes were equally addictive products, while a somewhat higher proportion of those who had quit both products thought that cigarettes were more addictive. Increased knowledge of the relative health risks might give smokers an incitement to switch to snus and prompt current dual users to stop smoking completely. Awareness could be improved by tailoring information at targeted groups, for example via the health care system.
Descriptors
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
Data Source
Authors
Lund,I., Scheffels,J.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
20130506
PMCID
Editors
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