WTS database

Title	Pub Year	Author	SearchLink Sort descending
Behavioral interventions to reduce risk for sexual transmission of HIV among men who have sex with men	2008	Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Mailstop E-37, 1600 Clifton Road NE, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA. wdj0@cdc.gov	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full The Cochrane database of systematic reviews Periodical, Abbrev. Cochrane Database Syst.Rev. Pub Date Free Form 16-Jul Volume (3):CD001230. doi Issue 3 Start Page CD001230 Other Pages Notes LR: 20130628; JID: 100909747; RF: 245; epublish Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1469-493X; 1361-6137 Accession Number PMID: 18646068 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Meta-Analysis; Review; IM DOI 10.1002/14651858.CD001230.pub2 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 18646068 Abstract BACKGROUND: Men who have sex with men (MSM) remain at great risk for HIV infection. Program planners and policy makers need descriptions of interventions and quantitative estimates of intervention effects to make informed decisions concerning prevention funding and research. The number of intervention strategies for MSM that have been examined with strong research designs has increased substantially in the past few years. OBJECTIVES: 1. To locate and describe outcome studies evaluating the effects of behavioral HIV prevention interventions for MSM.2. To summarize the effectiveness of these interventions in reducing unprotected anal sex.3. To identify study characteristics associated with effectiveness.4. To identify gaps and indicate future research, policy, and practice needs. SEARCH STRATEGY: We searched electronic databases, current journals, manuscripts submitted by researchers, bibliographies of relevant articles, conference proceedings, and other reviews for published and unpublished reports from 1988 through December 2007. We also asked researchers working in HIV prevention about new and ongoing studies. SELECTION CRITERIA: Studies were considered in scope if they examined the effects of behavioral interventions aimed at reducing risk for HIV or STD transmission among MSM. We reviewed studies in scope for criteria of outcome relevance (measurement of at least one of a list of behavioral or biologic outcomes, e.g., unprotected sex or incidence of HIV infections) and methodologic rigor (randomized controlled trials or certain strong quasi-experimental designs with comparison groups). DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: We used fixed and random effects models to summarize rate ratios (RR) comparing intervention and control groups with respect to count outcomes (number of occasions of or partners for unprotected anal sex), and corresponding prevalence ratios (PR) for dichotomous outcomes (any unprotected anal sex vs. none). We used published formulas to convert effect sizes and their variances for count and dichotomous outcomes where necessary. We accounted for intraclass correlation (ICC) in community-level studies and adjusted for baseline conditions in all studies. We present separate results by intervention format (small group, individual, or community-level) and by type of intervention delivered to the comparison group (minimal or no HIV prevention in the comparison condition versus standard or other HIV prevention in the comparison condition). We examine rate ratios stratified according to characteristics of participants, design, implementation, and intervention content. For small group and individual-level interventions we used a stepwise selection process to identify a multivariable model of predictors of reduction in occasions of or partners for unprotected anal sex. We used funnel plots to examine publication bias, and Q (a chi-squared statistic with degrees of freedom = number of interventions minus 1) to test for heterogeneity. MAIN RESULTS: We found 44 studies evaluating 58 interventions with 18,585 participants. Formats included 26 small group interventions, 21 individual-level interventions, and 11 community-level interventions. Sixteen of the 58 interventions focused on HIV-positives. The 40 interventions that were measured against minimal to no HIV prevention intervention reduced occasions of or partners for unprotected anal sex by 27% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 15% to 37%). The other 18 interventions reduced unprotected anal sex by 17% beyond changes observed in standard or other interventions (CI = 5% to 27%). Intervention effects were statistically homogeneous, and no independent variable was statistically significantly associated with intervention effects at alpha=.05. However, a multivariable model selected by backward stepwise elimination identified four study characteristics associated with reduction in occasions of or partners for unprotected anal sex among small group and individual-level interventi Descriptors HIV Infections/prevention & control/transmission, Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice, Homosexuality, Male, Humans, Male, Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic, Risk-Taking, Safe Sex, Sexually Transmitted Diseases/prevention & control Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Johnson,W. D., Diaz,R. M., Flanders,W. D., Goodman,M., Hill,A. N., Holtgrave,D., Malow,R., McClellan,W. M. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20080716 PMCID Editors
Nicotine receptor partial agonists for smoking cessation	2008	Department of Primary Health Care, University of Oxford, Rosemary Rue Building, Old Road Campus, Oxford, UK, OX3 7LF. kate.cahill@dphpc.ox.ac.uk	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full The Cochrane database of systematic reviews Periodical, Abbrev. Cochrane Database Syst.Rev. Pub Date Free Form 16-Jul Volume (3):CD006103. doi Issue 3 Start Page CD006103 Other Pages Notes LR: 20151119; JID: 100909747; 0 (Alkaloids); 0 (Azocines); 0 (Benzazepines); 0 (Nicotinic Agonists); 0 (Quinolizines); 0 (Quinoxalines); 01ZG3TPX31 (Bupropion); 53S5U404NU (cytisine); 6M3C89ZY6R (Nicotine); W6HS99O8ZO (Varenicline); UIN: Cochrane Database Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1469-493X; 1361-6137 Accession Number PMID: 18646137 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Meta-Analysis; Review; IM DOI 10.1002/14651858.CD006103.pub3 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 18646137 Abstract BACKGROUND: Nicotine receptor partial agonists may help people to stop smoking by a combination of maintaining moderate levels of dopamine to counteract withdrawal symptoms (acting as an agonist) and reducing smoking satisfaction (acting as an antagonist). Varenicline was developed as a nicotine receptor partial agonist from cytisine, a drug widely used in central and eastern Europe for smoking cessation. The first trial reports of varenicline were released in 2006, and further trials have now been published or are currently are underway. OBJECTIVES: The primary objective of this review is to assess the efficacy and tolerability of nicotine receptor partial agonists, including varenicline and cytisine, for smoking cessation. SEARCH STRATEGY: We searched the Cochrane Tobacco Addiction Group's specialised register for trials, using the terms ('varenicline' or 'cytisine' or 'Tabex' or 'nicotine receptor partial agonist') and 'smoking' in the title or abstract, or as keywords. We also searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO and CINAHL using MeSH terms and free text, and we contacted authors of trial reports for additional information where necessary. The latest search was in March 2008. SELECTION CRITERIA: We included randomized controlled trials which compared the treatment drug with placebo. We also included comparisons with bupropion and nicotine patches where available. We excluded trials which did not report a minimum follow-up period of six months from start of treatment. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: We extracted data in duplicate on the type of participants, the dose and duration of treatment, the outcome measures, the randomization procedure, concealment of allocation, and completeness of follow up. The main outcome measured was abstinence from smoking after at least six months from the beginning of treatment. We used the most rigorous definition of abstinence, and preferred biochemically validated rates where they were reported. Where appropriate we performed meta-analysis to produce a risk ratio, using the Mantel-Haenszel fixed-effect model. MAIN RESULTS: We found seven trials of varenicline compared with placebo for smoking cessation; three of these also included a bupropion experimental arm. We found one relapse prevention trial, comparing varenicline with placebo. We also found one open-label trial comparing varenicline with nicotine replacement therapy. The nine trials covered 7267 participants, 4744 of whom used varenicline. We identified one trial of cytisine (Tabex) for inclusion. The pooled risk ratio (RR) for continuous abstinence at six months or longer for varenicline versus placebo was 2.33 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.95 to 2.80). The pooled RR for varenicline versus bupropion at one year was 1.52 (95% CI 1.22 to 1.88). The RR for varenicline versus NRT at one year was 1.31 (95% CI 1.01 to 1.71). The two trials which tested the use of varenicline beyond the 12-week standard regimen found the drug to be well-tolerated during long-term use. The main adverse effect of varenicline was nausea, which was mostly at mild to moderate levels and usually subsided over time. Post-marketing safety data suggest that varenicline may be associated with depressed mood, agitation, and suicidal behaviour or ideation. The labelling of varenicline has been amended, and the FDA is conducting a safety review. The one cytisine trial included in this review found that more participants taking cytisine stopped smoking compared with placebo at two-year follow up, with an RR of 1.61 (95% CI 1.24 to 2.08). AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS: Varenicline increased the chances of successful long-term smoking cessation between two- and threefold compared with pharmacologically unassisted quit attempts. More participants quit successfully with varenicline than with bupropion. One open-label trial of varenicline versus nicotine replacement therapy demonstrated a modest benefit of varenicline. The effectivenes Descriptors Alkaloids/therapeutic use, Azocines/therapeutic use, Benzazepines/adverse effects/therapeutic use, Bupropion/therapeutic use, Humans, Nicotine/antagonists & inhibitors, Nicotinic Agonists/adverse effects/therapeutic use, Quinolizines/therapeutic use, Quinoxalines/adverse effects/therapeutic use, Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic, Smoking/drug therapy, Smoking Cessation/methods, Varenicline Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Cahill,K., Stead,L. F., Lancaster,T. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20080716 PMCID Editors
Periodontal health status and smoking among young adults	2008	Department Community Dentistry, Hebrew University-Hadassah School of Dental Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Journal of clinical periodontology Periodical, Abbrev. J.Clin.Periodontol. Pub Date Free Form Sep Volume 35 Issue 9 Start Page 768 Other Pages 772 Notes JID: 0425123; 2008/07/21 [aheadofprint]; ppublish Place of Publication Denmark ISSN/ISBN 1600-051X; 0303-6979 Accession Number PMID: 18647202 Language eng SubFile Comparative Study; Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; D; IM DOI 10.1111/j.1600-051X.2008.01294.x [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 18647202 Abstract AIM: Our aim was to evaluate the periodontal status and present smoking habits among a representative sample of young adult Israelis and to investigate possible associations. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A representative sample of young adult Israelis was examined and interviewed on the day of release from compulsory military service. Collected data included demographic background (gender, education level, family size and father's country of origin) and current smoking habits. Clinical examination included the recording of periodontal health status according to the Community Periodontal Index (CPI). RESULTS: Seven thousand and fifty-six young adults were examined. Sixteen per cent were classified as CPI 0, 78% as CPI 1-2 and 6% as CPI 3-4. In total, 36% of the sample reported a current smoking habit. Periodontal status was significantly improved among non-smokers, females and children of fathers born in Israel or Western countries. CONCLUSION: Only 7% of the participants demonstrated signs of periodontitis and most young adults did not smoke; a dose-response association was revealed between present smoking habits and periodontal disease. Descriptors Cohort Studies, Continental Population Groups/ethnology, Dental Calculus/classification, Educational Status, Family Characteristics, Female, Gingival Hemorrhage/classification, Humans, Israel, Male, Periodontal Diseases/classification, Periodontal Index, Periodontal Pocket/classification, Smoking, Young Adult Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Vered,Y., Livny,A., Zini,A., Sgan-Cohen,H. D. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20080721 PMCID Editors
The association between obesity and GERD: a review of the epidemiological evidence	2008	The Sections of Gastroenterology and Health Services Research, The Houston Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center and Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA. hasheme@bcm.tmc.edu	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Digestive diseases and sciences Periodical, Abbrev. Dig.Dis.Sci. Pub Date Free Form Sep Volume 53 Issue 9 Start Page 2307 Other Pages 2312 Notes LR: 20140912; GR: R01 CA116845/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States; GR: R01 CA116845-03/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States; JID: 7902782; RF: 50; NIHMS176037; OID: NLM: NIHMS176037; OID: NLM: PMC2827866; 2008/05/23 [received]; 2008/06/18 [accepted]; 2008/07/24 [aheado Place of Publication United States ISSN/ISBN 0163-2116; 0163-2116 Accession Number PMID: 18651221 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Meta-Analysis; Review; AIM; IM DOI 10.1007/s10620-008-0413-9 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 18651221 Abstract The current epidemics of obesity and gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)-related disorders have generated much interest in studying the association between them. Results of multiple studies indicate that obesity satisfies several criteria for a causal association with GERD and some of its complications, including a generally consistent association with GERD symptoms, erosive esophagitis, and esophageal adenocarcinoma. An increase in GERD symptoms has been shown to occur in individuals who gain weight but continue to have a body mass index (BMI) in the normal range, contributing to the epidemiological evidence for a possible dose-response relationship between BMI and increasing GERD. Data are less clear on the relationship between Barrett's esophagus (BE) and obesity. However, when considered separately, abdominal obesity seems to explain a considerable part of the association with GERD, including BE. Overall, epidemiological data show that maintaining a normal BMI may reduce the likelihood of developing GERD and its potential complications. Descriptors Barrett Esophagus/epidemiology/physiopathology, Body Mass Index, Esophageal Neoplasms/epidemiology/physiopathology, Esophagitis/epidemiology/physiopathology, Gastroesophageal Reflux/epidemiology/physiopathology, Humans, Obesity/epidemiology/physiopathology, Risk Factors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors El-Serag,H. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20080724 PMCID PMC2827866 Editors
Candida spp. in vitro susceptibility profile to four antifungal agents. Resistance surveillance study in Venezuelan strains	2009	Mycology Department, National Institute of Hygiene Rafael Rangel, Caracas, Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela. mmpanizo@gmail.com	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Medical mycology Periodical, Abbrev. Med.Mycol. Pub Date Free Form Mar Volume 47 Issue 2 Start Page 137 Other Pages 143 Notes LR: 20141120; JID: 9815835; 0 (Antifungal Agents); 0 (Azoles); 0 (Pyrimidines); 0 (Triazoles); 304NUG5GF4 (Itraconazole); 7XU7A7DROE (Amphotericin B); 8VZV102JFY (Fluconazole); JFU09I87TR (Voriconazole); 2008/06/27 [aheadofprint]; ppublish Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1369-3786; 1369-3786 Accession Number PMID: 18651308 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; IM DOI 10.1080/13693780802144339 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 18651308 Abstract The aim of this study was to determine in vitro susceptibility profiles of Venezuelan strains of Candida spp. to four antifungal agents. One hundred and forty five (145) isolates were recovered during a 1-year period (June 2006 to June 2007) from clinical specimens of patients with severe Candida spp. infections in 15 hospitals. In vitro susceptibilities to amphotericin B, fluconazole, itraconazole and voriconazole were determined by modified Etest. Non Candida albicans Candida spp. were the most frequently isolated yeasts (72.4%) in comparison with C. albicans (27.6%). Candida spp. strains showed MIC ranges between <0.002 and 0.5 mug/ml to amphotericin B. While none were found to be resistant to voriconazole, 5.5% and 27.6% of the test strains were resistant to fluconazole and itraconazole, respectively. C. albicans remains the most susceptible of the yeasts studied to fluconazole and itraconazole (P<0.05) when compared with non C. albicans Candida spp. C. krusei showed the greater cross-resistance to azoles, followed by C. glabrata, C. tropicalis and C. parapsilosis, while C. albicans isolates did not demonstrate this characteristic. It is very important to carry out the correct species identification of clinical yeast isolates because they show up variations in both distribution and susceptibility profiles according to the hospital, patient's underlying disease, clinical specimen analyzed, and the geographical region in which the studies were conducted. The Mycology Department of the INHRR is the national reference center responsible for antifungal resistance surveillance, performing the susceptibility tests with isolates recovered from hospitalized patients in public health centres which do not have mycological diagnosis laboratories. Descriptors Adolescent, Adult, Amphotericin B/pharmacology, Antifungal Agents/pharmacology, Azoles/pharmacology, Candida/classification/drug effects/isolation & purification, Candida albicans/drug effects/isolation & purification, Candidiasis/epidemiology/microbiology, Child, Child, Preschool, Drug Resistance, Fungal, Female, Fluconazole/pharmacology, Humans, Infant, Itraconazole/pharmacology, Male, Microbial Sensitivity Tests, Middle Aged, Population Surveillance/methods, Pyrimidines/pharmacology, Triazoles/pharmacology, Venezuela/epidemiology, Voriconazole, Young Adult Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Panizo,M. M., Reviakina,V., Dolande,M., Selgrad,S. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20080627 PMCID Editors
A genus-specific PCR method for differentiation between Leuconostoc and Weissella and its application in identification of heterofermentative lactic acid bacteria from coffee fermentation	2008	Federal Research Centre for Nutrition and Foods, Institute of Hygiene and Toxicology, Karlsruhe, Germany. ulrich.schillinger@mri.bund.de	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full FEMS microbiology letters Periodical, Abbrev. FEMS Microbiol.Lett. Pub Date Free Form Sep Volume 286 Issue 2 Start Page 222 Other Pages 226 Notes JID: 7705721; 0 (Coffee); 0 (DNA Primers); 0 (DNA, Bacterial); 0 (DNA, Ribosomal); 0 (RNA, Ribosomal, 16S); 2008/07/24 [aheadofprint]; ppublish Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 0378-1097; 0378-1097 Accession Number PMID: 18657111 Language eng SubFile Evaluation Studies; Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.1111/j.1574-6968.2008.01286.x [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 18657111 Abstract A genus-specific PCR analysis method was developed for a rapid and reliable differentiation between the two heterofermentative lactic acid bacteria genera Leuconostoc and Weissella. Primer sets specific for target regions of the 16S rRNA genes were designed and the specificity of the PCR was evaluated using the type strains of 13 species of Leuconostoc and 11 species of Weissella. In addition, the newly developed genus-specific PCR analysis was applied to characterize 72 lactic acid bacteria (LAB) strains isolated from coffee fermentation and which were presumptively classified as Leuconostoc or Weissella species. Additionally, a total of 34 LAB isolates from various other fermented foods were included. The investigations of these strains were conducted to test the effectiveness of correct characterization of field isolates using the genus-specific PCR approach. The correct assignment to one of these two genera by the application of the genus-specific primers was confirmed by further identifying the strains using repetitive extragenic palindromic-PCR and 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Descriptors Coffee/metabolism, DNA Primers/genetics, DNA, Bacterial/genetics, DNA, Ribosomal/genetics, Fermentation, Food Microbiology, Genes, rRNA/genetics, Gram-Positive Bacteria/classification/genetics, Polymerase Chain Reaction/methods, RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/genetics, Sensitivity and Specificity, Sequence Analysis, DNA Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Schillinger,U., Boehringer,B., Wallbaum,S., Caroline,L., Gonfa,A., Huch Nee Kostinek,M., Holzapfel,W. H., Franz,C. M. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20080724 PMCID Editors
Polyphasic approach to bacterial dynamics during the ripening of Spanish farmhouse cheese, using culture-dependent and -independent methods	2008	Departamento de Microbiologia, Facultad de Ciencias, Fuentenueva s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain. mmartine@ugr.es	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Applied and Environmental Microbiology Periodical, Abbrev. Appl.Environ.Microbiol. Pub Date Free Form Sep Volume 74 Issue 18 Start Page 5662 Other Pages 5673 Notes LR: 20140903; JID: 7605801; 0 (DNA, Bacterial); 0 (RNA, Ribosomal, 16S); OID: NLM: PMC2547036; 2008/07/25 [aheadofprint]; ppublish Place of Publication United States ISSN/ISBN 1098-5336; 0099-2240 Accession Number PMID: 18658288 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.1128/AEM.00418-08 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 18658288 Abstract We studied the dynamics of the microbial population during ripening of Cueva de la Magaha cheese using a combination of classical and molecular techniques. Samples taken during ripening of this Spanish goat's milk cheese in which Lactococcus lactis and Streptococcus thermophilus were used as starter cultures were analyzed. All bacterial isolates were clustered by using randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and identified by 16S rRNA gene sequencing, species-specific PCR, and multiplex PCR. Our results indicate that the majority of the 225 strains isolated and enumerated on solid media during the ripening period were nonstarter lactic acid bacteria, and Lactobacillus paracasei was the most abundant species. Other Lactobacillus species, such as Lactobacillus plantarum and Lactobacillus parabuchneri, were also detected at the beginning and end of ripening, respectively. Non-lactic-acid bacteria, mainly Kocuria and Staphylococcus strains, were also detected at the end of the ripening period. Microbial community dynamics determined by temporal temperature gradient gel electrophoresis provided a more precise estimate of the distribution of bacteria and enabled us to detect Lactobacillus curvatus and the starter bacteria S. thermophilus and L. lactis, which were not isolated. Surprisingly, the bacterium most frequently found using culture-dependent analysis, L. paracasei, was scarcely detected by this molecular approach. Finally, we studied the composition of the lactobacilli and their evolution by using length heterogeneity PCR. Descriptors Animals, Biodiversity, Cheese/microbiology, Colony Count, Microbial, DNA Fingerprinting, DNA, Bacterial/genetics, Ecosystem, Electrophoresis, Gel, Pulsed-Field, Food Microbiology, Genotype, Goats, Lactococcus/classification/genetics/growth & development, Milk/microbiology, Polymerase Chain Reaction, RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/genetics, Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA Technique, Species Specificity, Streptococcus thermophilus/growth & development, Time Factors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Martin-Platero,A. M., Valdivia,E., Maqueda,M., Martin-Sanchez,I., Martinez-Bueno,M. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20080725 PMCID PMC2547036 Editors
Effect of a fluoridated etching gel on enamel morphology and shear bond strength of orthodontic brackets	1991	Department of Pediatric Dentistry, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics : Official Publication of the American Association of Orthodontists, its Constituent Societies, and the American Board of Orthodontics Periodical, Abbrev. Am.J.Orthod.Dentofacial Orthop. Pub Date Free Form Aug Volume 100 Issue 2 Start Page 163 Other Pages 170 Notes LR: 20131121; JID: 8610224; 0 (Gels); 0 (Phosphoric Acids); 8ZYQ1474W7 (Sodium Fluoride); E4GA8884NN (phosphoric acid); ppublish Place of Publication UNITED STATES ISSN/ISBN 0889-5406; 0889-5406 Accession Number PMID: 1867167 Language eng SubFile Clinical Trial; Journal Article; Randomized Controlled Trial; D; IM DOI S0889-5406(05)81523-9 [pii] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 1867167 Abstract The purpose of this study was to compare the enamel morphology and shear bond strengths of orthodontic brackets bonded to enamel etched with a fluoridated or a nonfluoridated phosphoric acid gel. Ten extracted third molars were used for the enamel morphology evaluation. The buccal surfaces were divided in two sections separated by an occlusogingival groove. One side was etched for 60 seconds with a 38% phosphoric acid gel, and the other side was etched with a 60% phosphoric acid gel containing 0.5% sodium fluoride. The specimens were then examined with a scanning electron microscope. For the shear bond strength tests, 30 extracted third molars were used. The buccal enamel surfaces of the mesial cusp were used, and the teeth were randomly divided into two groups of 15 teeth each--group 1, 38% phosphoric acid gel for 60 seconds; group 2, 60% phosphoric acid gel with 0.5% sodium fluoride for 60 seconds. Orthodontic lingual buttons were bonded to the etched surfaces with a composite resin. The results showed that the overall morphologic etching effect was similar in both groups. The mean shear bond strength for group 1 was 11.8 MPa +/- 4.2, and for group 2 it was 16.5 MPa +/- 5.1. This difference was statistically significant (p less than 0.01). Descriptors Acid Etching, Dental, Dental Bonding, Dental Enamel/drug effects/ultrastructure, Gels, Humans, Materials Testing, Orthodontic Appliances, Phosphoric Acids/pharmacology, Sodium Fluoride/administration & dosage, Tensile Strength Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Garcia-Godoy,F., Hubbard,G. W., Storey,A. T. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Comparison of cigarette and water-pipe smoking by Arab and non-Arab-American youth	2008	College of Nursing, Center for Health Research, Department of Family Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, USA. ac3844@wayne.edu	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full American Journal of Preventive Medicine Periodical, Abbrev. Am.J.Prev.Med. Pub Date Free Form Oct Volume 35 Issue 4 Start Page 334 Other Pages 339 Notes LR: 20151119; GR: HD37498-R01/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/United States; GR: R01 HD037498-01A1/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/United States; JID: 8704773; NIHMS69686; OID: NLM: NIHMS69686; OID: NLM: PMC2575814; 2007/01/16 [received]; 2008/04/09 [revised]; 2008/06/16 [accepted]; 2 Place of Publication Netherlands ISSN/ISBN 0749-3797; 0749-3797 Accession Number PMID: 18675529 Language eng SubFile Comparative Study; Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; IM DOI 10.1016/j.amepre.2008.06.037 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 18675529 Abstract BACKGROUND: Water-pipe smoking is a rapidly growing form of tobacco use worldwide. Building on an earlier report of experimentation with cigarette and water-pipe smoking in a U.S. community sample of Arab-American youth aged 14-18 years, this article examines water-pipe smoking in more detail (e.g., smoking history, belief in harmfulness compared to cigarettes, family members in home who smoke water pipes) and compares the water-pipe-smoking behaviors of Arab-American youth with non-Arab-American youth in the same community. METHODS: A convenience sample of 1872 Arab-American and non-Arab-American high school students from the Midwest completed a 24-item tobacco survey. Data were collected in 2004-2005 and analyzed in 2007-2008. RESULTS: Arab-American youth reported lower percentages of ever cigarette smoking (20% vs 39%); current cigarette smoking (7% vs 22%); and regular cigarette smoking (3% vs 15%) than non-Arab-American youth. In contrast, Arab-American youth reported significantly higher percentages of ever water-pipe smoking (38% vs 21%) and current water-pipe smoking (17% vs 11%) than non-Arab-American youth. Seventy-seven percent perceived water-pipe smoking to be as harmful as or more harmful than cigarette smoking. Logistic regression showed that youth were 11.0 times more likely to be currently smoking cigarettes if they currently smoked water pipes. Youth were also 11.0 times more likely to be current water-pipe smokers if they currently smoked cigarettes. If one or more family members smoked water pipes in the home, youth were 6.3 times more likely to be current water-pipe smokers. The effects of ethnicity were reduced as a result of the explanatory value of family smoking. CONCLUSIONS: Further research is needed to determine the percentages, patterns, and health risks of water-pipe smoking and its relationship to cigarette smoking among all youth. Additionally, youth tobacco prevention/cessation programs need to focus attention on water-pipe smoking in order to further dispel the myth that water-pipe smoking is a safe alternative to cigarette smoking. Descriptors Adolescent, Arabs, Chi-Square Distribution, Cross-Sectional Studies, Female, Humans, Logistic Models, Male, Middle East/ethnology, Midwestern United States/epidemiology, Smoking/epidemiology/ethnology, Surveys and Questionnaires Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Weglicki,L. S., Templin,T. N., Rice,V. H., Jamil,H., Hammad,A. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20080803 PMCID PMC2575814 Editors
Tobacco use and cessation among medical students in Croatia--results of the Global Health Professionals Pilot Survey (GHPS) in Croatia, 2005	2008	Department of Internal medicine, University Hospital Dubrava, Zagreb, Croatia. hvrazic@kbd.hr	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full International journal of public health Periodical, Abbrev. Int.J.Public.Health. Pub Date Free Form Volume 53 Issue 2 Start Page 111 Other Pages 117 Notes JID: 101304551; CIN: Int J Public Health. 2008;53(2):65-6. PMID: 18681333; ppublish Place of Publication Switzerland ISSN/ISBN 1661-8556; 1661-8556 Accession Number PMID: 18681340 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 18681340 Abstract OBJECTIVES: To collect information from third year medical students attending Croatian medical schools on prevalence of cigarette smoking and other tobacco use, exposure to second-hand smoke, desire to quit using tobacco, attitudes and training concerning counselling patients on tobacco cessation. METHODS: Global Health Professionals Survey (GHPS) was conducted in 2005 in all four Croatian medical schools with a census of third year medical students (404 out of 409, response rate 98.5%) using an anonymous, confidential and self-reported questionnaire. RESULTS: More than two thirds (67.4%) of medical students in Croatia have ever smoked cigarettes, and over one third (36.6%) are smoking cigarettes currently. Half of the medical students (50.4%) report exposure to second hand smoke at home. Less than a third of current smokers (30.9%) have received cessation assistance when they tried to quit. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings indicate significant tobacco use among medical students in Croatia. There is an urgent need to reduce this harmful behaviour through more comprehensive public health initiatives, provision of support for cessation among health professionals who smoke and provision of training to health professionals to assist their patients with cessation. Descriptors Adult, Counseling/education, Croatia, Cross-Sectional Studies, Curriculum, Female, Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice, Health Surveys, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Pilot Projects, Smoking/epidemiology/prevention & control, Smoking Cessation/statistics & numerical data, Students, Medical/statistics & numerical data Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Vrazic,H., Ljubicic,D., Schneider,N. K. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors

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