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Ever Use of Nicotine and Nonnicotine Electronic Cigarettes Among High School Students in Ontario, Canada 2015 Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; hayley.hamilton@camh.ca.; Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Dalla Lana S
Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco
Periodical, Abbrev.
Nicotine Tob.Res.
Pub Date Free Form
Oct
Volume
17
Issue
10
Start Page
1212
Other Pages
1218
Notes
CI: (c) The Author 2014; JID: 9815751; 6M3C89ZY6R (Nicotine); 2014/04/01 [received]; 2014/10/22 [accepted]; 2014/10/30 [aheadofprint]; ppublish
Place of Publication
England
ISSN/ISBN
1469-994X; 1462-2203
Accession Number
PMID: 25358662
Language
eng
SubFile
Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM
DOI
10.1093/ntr/ntu234 [doi]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
25358662
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: There are limited data on the use of electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) among youth, particularly with regard to the use of nicotine versus nonnicotine products. This study investigates ever use of nicotine and nonnicotine e-cigarettes and examines the demographic and behavioral correlates of e-cigarette use in Ontario, Canada. METHODS: Data for 2,892 high school students were derived from the 2013 Ontario Student Drug Use and Health Survey. This province-wide school-based survey is based on a 2-stage cluster design. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were used to investigate the factors associated with ever use of e-cigarettes. Ever use of e-cigarettes was derived from the question, "Have you ever smoked at least one puff from an electronic cigarette?" All analyses included appropriate adjustments for the complex study design. RESULTS: Fifteen percent of high school students reported using e-cigarettes in their lifetime. Most students who ever used e-cigarettes reported using e-cigarettes without nicotine (72%), but 28% had used e-cigarettes with nicotine. Male, White/Caucasian, and rural students, as well as those with a history of using tobacco cigarettes, were at greater odds of e-cigarette use. Seven percent of students who had never smoked a tobacco cigarette in their lifetime reported using an e-cigarette. Five percent of those who had ever used an e-cigarette had never smoked a tobacco cigarette. CONCLUSION: More students reported ever using e-cigarettes without nicotine than with nicotine in Ontario, Canada. This underscores the need for greater knowledge of the contents of both nicotine and nonnicotine e-cigarettes to better guide public health policies.
Descriptors
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco
Data Source
Authors
Hamilton,H.A., Ferrence,R., Boak,A., Schwartz,R., Mann,R.E., O'Connor,S., Adlaf,E.M.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
20141030
PMCID
Editors
Evidence of emerging hookah use among university students: a cross-sectional comparison between hookah and cigarette use 2013 Department of Behavioral Science and Community Health, University of Florida, 1225 Center Drive, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA. tebarnett@phhp.ufl.edu
Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
BMC public health
Periodical, Abbrev.
BMC Public Health
Pub Date Free Form
5-Apr
Volume
13
Issue
Start Page
302
Other Pages
2458-13-302
Notes
LR: 20150427; JID: 100968562; OID: NLM: PMC3626777; 2012/10/01 [received]; 2013/04/02 [accepted]; 2013/04/05 [aheadofprint]; epublish
Place of Publication
England
ISSN/ISBN
1471-2458; 1471-2458
Accession Number
PMID: 23560649
Language
eng
SubFile
Comparative Study; Journal Article; IM
DOI
10.1186/1471-2458-13-302 [doi]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
23560649
Abstract
BACKGROUND: The emergence of hookah is being noted on college campuses and in large U.S. cities and evidence points to an increasing trend for college students. The purpose of this study was to assess hookah use and identify associations with cigarette smoking and demographic factors. METHODS: An intercept sampling method was used at various locations on a large university campus in the southeastern United States, yielding a high participation rate (52%). A total of 1,203 participants completed a computer-aided survey that assessed the use of tobacco products. The sample characteristics were then weighted to match the University population of students enrolled during the same semester. Bivariate (chi-square and t-test) and multivariate (logistic regression) tests of association were conducted to assess differences between cigarette and hookah users. RESULTS: Hookah smoking exceeded cigarette smoking for both ever use (46.4% vs 42.1%) and past year use (28.4% vs 19.6%). Females and males used hookah at similar rates. Hispanic respondents had the highest prevalence of current use of hookah (18.9%) and cigarettes (16.4%). CONCLUSIONS: As hookah surpasses cigarette use, efforts need to be made to slow the increase in new tobacco products that are attractive to young adults and that pose many of the same health risks as those related to traditional tobacco products. Prevalence of all emerging tobacco products, including hookah, and the relationship with cigarette use needs to be monitored on an ongoing basis.
Descriptors
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
Data Source
Authors
Barnett,T.E., Smith,T., He,Y., Soule,E.K., Curbow,B.A., Tomar,S.L., McCarty,C.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
20130405
PMCID
PMC3626777
Editors
Evidence of sex differences in the relationship between current tobacco use and past-year serious psychological distress: 2005-2008 National Survey on Drug Use and Health 2013 Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, School of Public Health and Information Sciences, University of Louisville, 485 East Gray Street, Louisville, KY 40202, USA. ncpeip01@louisville.edu
Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology
Periodical, Abbrev.
Soc.Psychiatry Psychiatr.Epidemiol.
Pub Date Free Form
Aug
Volume
48
Issue
8
Start Page
1261
Other Pages
1271
Notes
LR: 20151119; JID: 8804358; 2011/09/19 [received]; 2012/12/11 [accepted]; 2012/12/28 [aheadofprint]; ppublish
Place of Publication
Germany
ISSN/ISBN
1433-9285; 0933-7954
Accession Number
PMID: 23272325
Language
eng
SubFile
Comparative Study; Journal Article; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.; IM
DOI
10.1007/s00127-012-0644-0 [doi]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
23272325
Abstract
PURPOSE: Cigarette use is highly prevalent in psychiatric populations. Studies suggest that smokeless tobacco use is not significantly associated with past-year psychiatric morbidity, with evidence that tobacco use differ among sexes. The relationships between current tobacco use and past-year serious psychological distress, major depressive episode and anxiety disorder were therefore examined. Sex differences in the aforementioned relationship were also examined. METHODS: A total of 133,221 adults from four successive independent samples of the 2005-2008 National Survey on Drug Use and Health were included. Prevalence odds ratios and 95 % confidence intervals were calculated using multivariable logistic regression adjusting for demographic factors, survey year, pregnancy (women only), past-year medical morbidity, past-year psychiatric comorbidity, and past-year substance use disorders. RESULTS: No associations were demonstrated among smokeless tobacco users. Statistically significant sex differences were found for current tobacco use and serious psychological distress (p
Descriptors
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
Data Source
Authors
Peiper,N., Rodu,B.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
20121228
PMCID
Editors
Evidence that associated soil bacteria may influence root hair infection of actinorhizal plants by Frankia. 1980 Knowlton, S.
Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Canadian journal of microbiology
Periodical, Abbrev.
Can.J.Microbiol.
Pub Date Free Form
/
Volume
26
Issue
8
Start Page
971
Other Pages
977
Notes
Place of Publication
ISSN/ISBN
0008-4166
Accession Number
Language
SubFile
DOI
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
Abstract
Nodulation of actinorhizal plants (Alnus rubra Bong, and others) by isolated Frankia strains occurred either at a low frequency or not at all under axenic conditions. But nodulation was achieved under nonsterile conditions and four strains of bacteria were isolated which promoted nodulation when plants were inoculated with the bacteria plus Frankia. Four strains of Pseudomonas cepacia also promoted nodulation. Root hair deformation occurred when roots of A. rubra were inoculated with these bacterial isolates, or with the bacteria plus Frankia, but rarely or not at all when roots were inoculated with the actinomycete alone. The nonendophytic bacterial strains were not detected within the nodule tissue. It is proposed that the bacterial isolates aid in the infection process at the host root hair surface, by causing root hair deformation; this may allow intimate contact between the Frankia filament and the hair wall.
Descriptors
Actinomycetales, article, bacterial phenomena and functions, ecology, growth, development and aging, microbiology, physiology, plant, Pseudomonas, Rhizobium
Links
Book Title
Database
MEDLINE
Publisher
Data Source
Embase
Authors
Knowlton,S., Berry,A., Torrey,J. G.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
PMCID
Editors
Examining differences in drinking patterns among Jewish and Arab university students in Israel 2015 a School of Public Health , University of Haifa , Haifa , Israel.
Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Ethnicity & health
Periodical, Abbrev.
Ethn.Health
Pub Date Free Form
Volume
20
Issue
6
Start Page
594
Other Pages
610
Notes
JID: 9608374; OTO: NOTNLM; 2014/09/26 [aheadofprint]; ppublish
Place of Publication
England
ISSN/ISBN
1465-3419; 1355-7858
Accession Number
PMID: 25257830
Language
eng
SubFile
Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM
DOI
10.1080/13557858.2014.961411 [doi]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
25257830
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: Worldwide there is a dearth of studies examining drinking patterns in Arabs and how these compare to other populations. The few studies that exist have suggested distinct drinking patterns in Arabs, with not only high rates of abstinence but also high rates of heavy drinking among current drinkers. No studies have yet examined potential socio-cognitive mechanisms that may contribute to this distinct drinking pattern. Israel represents a unique and valuable resource for studying Arab population drinking patterns because Israeli Arabs are nonimmigrants living in areas where exposure to Western lifestyles, including alcohol consumption, is prevalent. The current study was set out to examine differences in alcohol consumption in a convenience sample of 1310 Jewish and Arab students from Israeli universities and colleges and to explore alcohol expectancies as potential mediators of ethno-religious differences. DESIGN: Logistic regressions were used to produce odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals to test differences between Jewish and Arab students on binary outcomes (lifetime, last month, and heavy drinking). Mediation of ethno-religious differences by alcohol expectancies was tested with bootstrapping procedures. RESULTS: Results show that while Israeli Arab students tend to be more likely to abstain from alcohol than Israeli Jewish students, among current drinkers, Israeli Arab students are at a particular high risk of heavy drinking. Results also show that this is partly mediated by the expectancy that alcohol only influences the drinker at high levels of intake. CONCLUSION: The current study confirms distinct Arab drinking patterns found in previous studies. The present study is the first demonstration that drinking expectations mediate ethno-religious differences in heavy drinking among Israeli Arabs and Jews. This work contributes to the understanding of ethno-religious group differences in harmful drinking, potentially informing future etiologic research and public health interventions aimed at reducing alcohol-related harm.
Descriptors
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
Data Source
Authors
Sznitman,S.R., Bord,S., Elias,W., Gesser-Edelsburg,A., Shiftan,Y., Baron-Epel,O.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
20140926
PMCID
Editors
Examining hookah smoking among a cohort of adolescent ever smokers 2011 Institute of Public Health, Georgia State University, 140 Decatur Street SE, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA. ksterling@gsu.edu
Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco
Periodical, Abbrev.
Nicotine Tob.Res.
Pub Date Free Form
Dec
Volume
13
Issue
12
Start Page
1202
Other Pages
1209
Notes
LR: 20151119; GR: P01 CA098262/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States; GR: P01 CA09862/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States; JID: 9815751; OID: NLM: PMC3223578; 2011/09/06 [aheadofprint]; ppublish
Place of Publication
England
ISSN/ISBN
1469-994X; 1462-2203
Accession Number
PMID: 21896886
Language
eng
SubFile
Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; IM
DOI
10.1093/ntr/ntr146 [doi]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
21896886
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: Evidence suggests that hookah smoking is growing among adolescents, particularly among those with a history of cigarette smoking, and is an emerging public health concern. We examined hookah use and its correlates among a sample of adolescents who have ever smoked and may be considered high risk for hookah use. METHODS: We examined differences between hookah users and nonusers among a cohort of 951 adolescents (75.3% of the baseline sample, mean age 17.6 years at 24 months), consisting exclusively of youth who reported ever smoking cigarettes who were participating in a longitudinal study of adolescent smoking predictors and patterns. Ever and 30-day hookah use were assessed at 24 months. RESULTS: Of the 951 participants, 58.5% reported ever use and 30.2% reported smoking hookah at least 1 day in the past 30 days. Multivariate logistic regression analyses found that 30-day hookah use was associated with sex (p
Descriptors
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
Data Source
Authors
Sterling,K.L., Mermelstein,R.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
20110906
PMCID
PMC3223578
Editors
Examining the influence of aggressive driving behavior on driver injury severity in traffic crashes 2010 The University of Texas at Austin, Department of Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering, 1 University Station, C1761, Austin, TX 78712-0278, United States. rajeshp@mail.utexas.edu
Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Accident; Analysis and Prevention
Periodical, Abbrev.
Accid.Anal.Prev.
Pub Date Free Form
Nov
Volume
42
Issue
6
Start Page
1839
Other Pages
1854
Notes
CI: 2010; JID: 1254476; 2009/08/17 [received]; 2010/05/04 [revised]; 2010/05/10 [accepted]; 2010/06/02 [aheadofprint]; ppublish
Place of Publication
England
ISSN/ISBN
1879-2057; 0001-4575
Accession Number
PMID: 20728635
Language
eng
SubFile
Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM
DOI
10.1016/j.aap.2010.05.005 [doi]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
20728635
Abstract
In this paper, we capture the moderating effect of aggressive driving behavior while assessing the influence of a comprehensive set of variables on injury severity. In doing so, we are able to account for the indirect effects of variables on injury severity through their influence on aggressive driving behavior, as well as the direct effect of variables on injury severity. The methodology used in the paper to accommodate the moderating effect of aggressive driving behavior takes the form of two models--one for aggressive driving and another for injury severity. These are appropriately linked to obtain the indirect and direct effects of variables. The data for estimation is obtained from the National Motor Vehicle Crash Causation Study (NMVCCS). From an empirical standpoint, we consider a fine age categorization until 20 years of age when examining age effects on aggressive driving behavior and injury severity. There are several important results from the empirical analysis undertaken in the current paper based on post-crash data collection on aggressive behavior participation just prior to the crash and injury severity sustained in a crash. Young drivers (especially novice drivers between 16 and 17 years of age), drivers who are not wearing seat belt, under the influence of alcohol, not having a valid license, and driving a pick-up are found to be most likely to behave aggressively. Situational, vehicle, and roadway factors such as young drivers traveling with young passengers, young drivers driving an SUV or a pick-up truck, driving during the morning rush hour, and driving on roads with high speed limits are also found to trigger aggressive driving behavior. In terms of vehicle occupants, the safest situation from a driver injury standpoint is when there are two or more passengers in the vehicle, at least one of whom is above the age of 20 years. These and many other results are discussed, along with implications of the result for graduated driving licensing (GDL) programs.
Descriptors
Accidents, Traffic/psychology/statistics & numerical data, Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Aggression/psychology, Alcoholic Intoxication/epidemiology/prevention & control, Automobile Driving/psychology, Causality, City Planning, Environment Design, Female, Humans, Injury Severity Score, Male, Middle Aged, Models, Econometric, Motor Vehicles, Risk Factors, Risk-Taking, Seat Belts/utilization, Sex Factors, Social Environment, United States, Wounds and Injuries/epidemiology/psychology, Young Adult
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
Elsevier Ltd
Data Source
Authors
Paleti,R., Eluru,N., Bhat,C. R.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
20100602
PMCID
Editors
Examining vulnerability to smokeless tobacco use among adolescents and adults meeting diagnostic criteria for major depressive disorder 2014 Vermont Center on Behavior and Health and Department of Psychiatry, University of Vermont.; Vermont Center on Behavior and Health and Department of Psychiatry, University of Vermont.; Department of Psychiatry and Department of Psychology, University of Ve
Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Experimental and clinical psychopharmacology
Periodical, Abbrev.
Exp.Clin.Psychopharmacol.
Pub Date Free Form
Aug
Volume
22
Issue
4
Start Page
316
Other Pages
322
Notes
LR: 20150805; GR: K01TW008410/TW/FIC NIH HHS/United States; GR: P20 GM103644/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/United States; GR: P20GM103644/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/United States; GR: P50 DA036114/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States; GR: P50DA036114/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States; GR:
Place of Publication
United States
ISSN/ISBN
1936-2293; 1064-1297
Accession Number
PMID: 24978349
Language
eng
SubFile
Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.; IM
DOI
10.1037/a0037291 [doi]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
24978349
Abstract
Smoking prevalence is unevenly distributed in the U.S. population, with those with mental illness, other substance use disorders, and lower socioeconomic status being especially vulnerable. Less research has been conducted on the association between these same vulnerabilities and smokeless tobacco (ST) use. The present study examined cigarette and ST use among adolescents and adults who met diagnostic criteria for major depressive disorder in the National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH). Utilizing the most recent (2011) NSDUH, we compared odds for current cigarette smoking and ST use among adolescents and adults meeting criteria for past-year major depressive disorder to the general population, after adjusting for potential confounding influences of sociodemographic and other substance use characteristics. Analyses were conducted to examine sex as a moderator of the relation between major depressive disorder and tobacco use. Odds for current cigarette smoking among those classified with major depressive disorder were increased among adolescents (OR = 1.33, 95% CI [1.05, 1.69], p = .021) and adults (OR = 1.70, 95% CI [1.47, 1.97], p
Descriptors
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
Data Source
Authors
Redner,R., White,T.J., Harder,V.S., Higgins,S.T.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
20140630
PMCID
PMC4124457
Editors
Exemptions for hookah bars in clean indoor air legislation: a public health concern 2010 University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA. noonande@hotmail.com
Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Public health nursing (Boston, Mass.)
Periodical, Abbrev.
Public Health Nurs.
Pub Date Free Form
Jan-Feb
Volume
27
Issue
1
Start Page
49
Other Pages
53
Notes
LR: 20131121; JID: 8501498; 0 (Tobacco Smoke Pollution); 059QF0KO0R (Water); 16291-96-6 (Charcoal); ppublish
Place of Publication
United States
ISSN/ISBN
1525-1446; 0737-1209
Accession Number
PMID: 20055968
Language
eng
SubFile
Journal Article; IM; N
DOI
10.1111/j.1525-1446.2009.00826.x [doi]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
20055968
Abstract
Popularity of waterpipe smoking or hookah smoking in the United States has been growing for some time now among youth and young adults. Currently, many cities and states have exemptions that allow hookah bars to remain in operation despite the passage of clean indoor air legislation. From a public health perspective this is concerning for many reasons. One public health concern with the increase in popularity of this type of tobacco use is the associated health effects. Another concern is that hookah smoke produces a sweet smelling aroma making it less obvious that patrons and employees of hookah bars are inhaling noxious fumes from mainstream smoke, as well as the toxins from the charcoal that is used to heat the tobacco. The purpose of this paper is to discuss smoke-free air legislation in relation to hookah use, the public health implications of exempting hookah bars from current smoke-free legislation, and implications for the public health nurse in protecting the public from the dangers of second-hand smoke, and limiting this new form of tobacco use.
Descriptors
Adolescent, Air Pollution, Indoor/adverse effects/legislation & jurisprudence/prevention & control, Charcoal/adverse effects, Equipment Design, Health Policy/legislation & jurisprudence, Humans, Lobbying, Nurse's Role, Public Health/legislation & jurisprudence, Public Health Nursing/organization & administration, Restaurants/legislation & jurisprudence, Smoking/adverse effects/legislation & jurisprudence/prevention & control, Tobacco Smoke Pollution/adverse effects/legislation & jurisprudence/prevention & control, United States, Water, Young Adult
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
Data Source
Authors
Noonan,D.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
PMCID
Editors
Exercise and nitric oxide prevent bubble formation: a novel approach to the prevention of decompression sickness? 2004 Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway. ulrik.wisloff@medisin.ntnu.no
Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
The Journal of physiology
Periodical, Abbrev.
J.Physiol.
Pub Date Free Form
16-Mar
Volume
555
Issue
Pt 3
Start Page
825
Other Pages
829
Notes
LR: 20140610; JID: 0266262; 0 (Nitric Oxide Donors); 16051-77-7 (isosorbide-5-mononitrate); 31C4KY9ESH (Nitric Oxide); IA7306519N (Isosorbide Dinitrate); OID: NLM: PMC1664873; 2004/01/14 [aheadofprint]; ppublish
Place of Publication
England
ISSN/ISBN
0022-3751; 0022-3751
Accession Number
PMID: 14724207
Language
eng
SubFile
Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM
DOI
10.1113/jphysiol.2003.055467 [doi]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
14724207
Abstract
Nitrogen dissolves in the blood during dives, but comes out of solution if divers return to normal pressure too rapidly. Nitrogen bubbles cause a range of effects from skin rashes to seizures, coma and death. It is believed that these bubbles form from bubble precursors (gas nuclei). Recently we have shown that a single bout of exercise 20 h, but not 48 h, before a simulated dive prevents bubble formation and protects rats from severe decompression sickness (DCS) and death. Furthermore, we demonstrated that administration of N(omega)-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester, a non-selective inhibitor of NO synthase (NOS), turns a dive from safe to unsafe in sedentary but not exercised rats. Therefore based upon previous data an attractive hypothesis is that it may be possible to use either exercise or NO-releasing agents before a dive to inhibit bubble formation and thus protect against DCS. Consequently, the aims of the present study were to determine whether protection against bubble formation in 'diving' rats was provided by (1) chronic and acute administration of a NO-releasing agent and (2) exercise less than 20 h prior to the dive. NO given for 5 days and then 20 h prior to a dive to 700 kPa lasting 45 min breathing air significantly reduced bubble formation and prevented death. The same effect was seen if NO was given only 30 min before the dive. Exercise 20 h before a dive suppressed bubble formation and prevented death, with no effect at any other time (48, 10, 5 and 0.5 h prior to the dive). Pre-dive activities have not been considered to influence the growth of bubbles and thus the risk of serious DCS. The present novel findings of a protective effect against bubble formation and death by appropriately timed exercise and an NO-releasing agent may form the basis of a new approach to preventing serious decompression sickness.
Descriptors
Animals, Decompression Sickness/prevention & control, Diving, Female, Isosorbide Dinitrate/analogs & derivatives/pharmacology, Motor Activity/physiology, Nitric Oxide/physiology, Nitric Oxide Donors/pharmacology, Rats, Rats, Sprague-Dawley
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
Data Source
Authors
Wisloff,U., Richardson,R. S., Brubakk,A. O.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
20040114
PMCID
PMC1664873
Editors