WTS database

Title	Pub Year	Author Sort ascending	SearchLink
Cigarette smoking, use of other tobacco products and stomach cancer mortality in US adults: The Cancer Prevention Study II	2002	Epidemiology and Surveillance Research, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA 30329-4251, USA. achao@cancer.org	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full International journal of cancer Periodical, Abbrev. Int.J.Cancer Pub Date Free Form 1-Oct Volume 101 Issue 4 Start Page 380 Other Pages 389 Notes LR: 20160303; CI: Copyright 2002; GR: K07CA75062/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States; JID: 0042124; ppublish Place of Publication United States ISSN/ISBN 0020-7136; 0020-7136 Accession Number PMID: 12209964 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.; IM DOI 10.1002/ijc.10614 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 12209964 Abstract Cigarette smoking is associated with increased risk of stomach cancer in many studies but there are limited data on this relationship in women and on risk associated with use of tobacco products other than cigarettes. We examined stomach cancer death rates in relation to cigarette smoking in women and use of cigarette, cigar, pipe, or smokeless tobacco in men in a nationwide prospective mortality study in the United States (US). Cohort follow-up from 1982-96 identified 996 and 509 stomach cancer deaths among 467,788 men and 588,053 women, respectively. Cox proportional hazards models were fitted to estimate rate ratios (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) using non-users of tobacco as the referent group. Multivariate-adjusted RRs were the highest for men who currently smoked cigars (RR = 2.29, 95% CI = 1.49-3.51) or cigarettes (RR = 2.16, 95% CI = 1.75-2.67) and both increased with smoking duration. Women who currently (RR = 1.49, 95% CI = 1.18-1.88) or formerly (RR = 1.36, 95% CI = 1.08-1.71) smoked cigarettes were at significantly increased risk, as were men who formerly smoked cigarettes (RR = 1.55, 95% CI = 1.28-1.88), or currently (RR = 1.81, 95% CI = 1.40-2.35) or formerly (RR: 1.57, 95% CI = 1.22-2.03) used more than one type of tobacco. Men who reported a history of chronic indigestion or gastroduodenal ulcer had substantially higher mortality rates associated with current cigarette (RR = 3.45, 95% CI = 2.05-5.80) or cigar (RR = 8.93, 95% CI = 4.02-19.90) smoking, as did men who were current aspirin users. If causal, the estimated proportion of stomach cancer deaths attributable to tobacco use would be 28% in US men and 14% in women. We conclude that prolonged use of tobacco products is associated with increased stomach cancer mortality in men and women. The accumulated evidence from this and other studies support reconsidering stomach cancer as a tobacco-related cancer. Descriptors Adult, Aged, Analysis of Variance, Cohort Studies, Diet, Dietary Fiber/administration & dosage, Female, Fruit, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Proportional Hazards Models, Prospective Studies, Risk Factors, Sex Factors, Smoking/adverse effects, Smoking Cessation, Stomach Neoplasms/etiology/mortality, Tobacco, United States/epidemiology, Vegetables Links Book Title Database Publisher Wiley-Liss, Inc Data Source Authors Chao,A., Thun,M. J., Henley,S. J., Jacobs,E. J., McCullough,M. L., Calle,E. E. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Revealing source signatures in ambient BTEX concentrations	2008	Environmental, Water and Agricultural Engineering Department, Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Israel Institute of Technology, Technion, Haifa 32000, Israel.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987) Periodical, Abbrev. Environ.Pollut. Pub Date Free Form Nov Volume 156 Issue 2 Start Page 553 Other Pages 562 Notes LR: 20131121; JID: 8804476; 0 (Air Pollutants); 0 (Benzene Derivatives); 0 (Industrial Waste); 0 (Oxidants, Photochemical); 0 (Vehicle Emissions); 0 (Xylenes); 3FPU23BG52 (Toluene); J64922108F (Benzene); L5I45M5G0O (ethylbenzene); S7G510RUBH (Nitrogen Dio Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1873-6424; 0269-7491 Accession Number PMID: 18289752 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.1016/j.envpol.2008.01.016 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 18289752 Abstract Management of ambient concentrations of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) is essential for maintaining low ozone levels in urban areas where its formation is under a VOC-limited regime. The significant decrease in traffic-induced VOC emissions in many developed countries resulted in relatively comparable shares of traffic and non-traffic VOC emissions in urban airsheds. A key step for urban air quality management is allocating ambient VOC concentrations to their pertinent sources. This study presents an approach that can aid in identifying sources that contribute to observed BTEX concentrations in areas characterized by low BTEX concentrations, where traditional source apportionment techniques are not useful. Analysis of seasonal and diurnal variations of ambient BTEX concentrations from two monitoring stations located in distinct areas reveal the possibility to identify source categories. Specifically, the varying oxidation rates of airborne BTEX compounds are used to allocate contributions of traffic emissions and evaporative sources to observed BTEX concentrations. Descriptors Air Pollutants/analysis, Benzene/analysis, Benzene Derivatives/analysis, Environmental Monitoring/methods, Industrial Waste, Israel, Nitrogen Dioxide/analysis, Oxidants, Photochemical/analysis, Particle Size, Seasons, Time, Toluene/analysis, Vehicle Emissions, Xylenes/analysis Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Zalel,A., Yuval, Broday,D. M. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20080304 PMCID Editors
Assessing spatial fluctuations, temporal variability, and measurement error in estimated levels of disinfection by-products in tap water: implications for exposure assessment	2004	Environmental Sciences, University of Texas School of Public Health, Houston, Texas 77030, USA. esymanski@sph.uth.tmc.edu	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Occupational and environmental medicine Periodical, Abbrev. Occup.Environ.Med. Pub Date Free Form Jan Volume 61 Issue 1 Start Page 65 Other Pages 72 Notes LR: 20140610; JID: 9422759; 0 (Disinfectants); 0 (Trihalomethanes); 0 (Water Pollutants, Chemical); 4R7X1O2820 (Chlorine); OID: NLM: PMC1757819; ppublish Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1470-7926; 1351-0711 Accession Number PMID: 14691275 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.; IM DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 14691275 Abstract AIMS: To assess spatial fluctuations, temporal variability, and errors due to sampling and analysis in levels of disinfection by-products in routine monitoring tap water samples and in water samples collected in households within the same distribution system for an exposure assessment study. METHODS: Mixed effects models were applied to quantify seasonal effects and the degree to which trihalomethane (THM) levels vary among households or locations relative to variation over time within seasons for any given location. In a separate analysis, the proportion of total variation due to measurement error arising from sampling and analysis was also quantified. RESULTS: THM levels were higher in the summer relative to other seasons. Differences in the relative magnitude of the intra- and inter-household components of variation were observed between the two sets of THM measurements, with a greater proportion of the variation due to differences within seasons for the routine monitoring data and a greater proportion of the variation due to differences across locations for the exposure assessment study data. Such differences likely arose due to differences in the strategies used to select sites for sampling and in the time periods over which the data were collected. With the exception of bromodichloromethane, measurement errors due to sampling and analysis contributed a small proportion of the total variation in THM levels. CONCLUSIONS: The utility of routine monitoring data in assigning exposure in epidemiological studies is limited because such data may not represent the magnitude of spatial variability in levels of disinfection by-products across the distribution system. Measurement error contributes a relatively small proportion to the total variation in THM levels, which suggests that gathering a greater number of samples over time with fewer replicates collected at each sampling location is more efficient and would likely yield improved estimates of household exposure. Descriptors Chlorine/chemistry, Databases, Factual, Disinfectants/chemistry, Disinfection, Environmental Exposure/analysis, Environmental Monitoring/methods, Humans, Reproducibility of Results, Seasons, Trihalomethanes/analysis, Water Pollutants, Chemical/analysis, Water Purification, Water Supply/analysis Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Symanski,E., Savitz,D. A., Singer,P. C. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID PMC1757819 Editors
An alternate hypothesis for the association between electrical wiring configurations and cancer	1991	Environmental Research Information, Inc., 451 Sherman Avenue, Palo Alto, CA 94306	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Epidemiology Periodical, Abbrev. Epidemiology Pub Date Free Form 1991/ Volume 2 Issue 3 Start Page 224 Other Pages 229 Notes Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN 1044-3983 Accession Number Language SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract Several epidemiologic studies have reported positive associations between electric distribution wiring configurations and cancer incidence, particularly among children. According to the investigators of these studies, the results indicate a possible link between cancer and exposure to 60-Hz magnetic fields, because residential magnetic fields are correlated with wiring configurations. I propose an alternate hypothesis to explain the epidemiologic observations, namely, that ground return currents in plumbing service lines are associated with electric wiring configuration, and cause the release of corrosion products in tap water, ingestion of which constitutes a risk factor for cancer. To corroborate this hypothesis, three conditions must be satisfied: (1) the magnitude of the ground return currents in water pipes is related to wiring configuration, with higher currents generally found associated with homes classified in the high-exposure categories; (2) corrosion on the internal surface of water pipe is related to alternating currents flowing on the pipe, with higher currents associated with higher rates of corrosion; and (3) ingestion of water from pipes undergoing alternating-current-related corrosive processes increases the probability of developing cancer. Descriptors neoplasm, corrosion, electric hazard, human, magnetic field, note, pipeline Links Book Title Database Embase; MEDLINE Publisher Data Source Embase Authors Kavet,R. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in sediment using solid-phase microextraction with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry	2000	Environmental Research Center Montecatini, Marina di Ravenna, Italy.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Journal of chromatographic science Periodical, Abbrev. J.Chromatogr.Sci. Pub Date Free Form Feb Volume 38 Issue 2 Start Page 55 Other Pages 60 Notes LR: 20061115; JID: 0173225; 0 (Indicators and Reagents); 0 (Polycyclic Hydrocarbons, Aromatic); 0 (Solutions); 0 (Water Pollutants, Chemical); ppublish Place of Publication UNITED STATES ISSN/ISBN 0021-9665; 0021-9665 Accession Number PMID: 10677833 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; IM DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 10677833 Abstract Manual solid-phase microextraction (SPME) coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) is applied for the determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) from natural matrix through a distilled water medium. Seven of the 16 PAH standards (naphthalene, acenaphthene, fluorene, anthracene, fluoranthene, pyrene, benzo[a]anthracene) are spiked on a marine muddy sediment. The samples, containing PAHs in the range of 10-20 ppm, are then aged at room temperature more than 10 days before analysis. The influence of the matrix, SPME adsorption time, pH, salt content, and SPME adsorption temperature are investigated. The reproducibility of the technique is less than 13% (RDS) for the first 6 considered PAHs and 28% (RDS) for benzo(a)anthracene with a fiber containing a 100-micron poly dimethylsiloxane coating. Linearity extended in the range of 5-50 picograms for PAHs direct injection, 5-70 picograms for PAHs in water, and 1-170 picograms for PAHs in sediment. The detection limit is estimated less than 1 microgram/kg of dry sample for the first 6 considered PAHs in sediment and 1.5 micrograms/kg of dry sample for benzo(a)anthracene using the selected ion monitoring mode in GC-MS. The recoveries of the considered PAHs are evaluated. Descriptors Adsorption, Calibration, Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry, Hydrogen-Ion Concentration, Indicators and Reagents, Italy, Polycyclic Hydrocarbons, Aromatic/analysis, Solutions, Temperature, Water Pollutants, Chemical/analysis Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Cam,D., Gagni,S., Meldolesi,L., Galletti,G. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Daily and peak 1 h indoor air pollution and driving factors in a rural Chinese village	2007	Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, 140 Warren Hall #7360, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720-7360, USA. sfischer@berkeley.edu	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Environmental science & technology Periodical, Abbrev. Environ.Sci.Technol. Pub Date Free Form 1-May Volume 41 Issue 9 Start Page 3121 Other Pages 3126 Notes LR: 20131121; JID: 0213155; 0 (Particulate Matter); 0 (Tobacco Smoke Pollution); 7U1EE4V452 (Carbon Monoxide); ppublish Place of Publication United States ISSN/ISBN 0013-936X; 0013-936X Accession Number PMID: 17539514 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 17539514 Abstract We investigate wintertime indoor air quality and personal exposures to carbon monoxide (CO) in a rural village in Jilin province, where relatively homogeneous climatic and sociocultural factors facilitate investigation of household structural, fuel-related, and behavioral determinants of air pollution as well as relationships between different measures of air quality. Our time-resolved wintertime measurements of carbon monoxide and respirable particles (RSP) enable exploration of peak pollution periods in a village in Jilin Province, China, characterized by household use of both coal and biomass, as well as several "improved" (gas or electric) fuels. Our data indicate a 6-fold increase in peak 1 h PM (1.9 mg/m3) concentrations relative to 24 h mean PM (0.31 mg/m3). Peak 1 h CO concentrations (20.5 ppm) routinely approached and often (27%) exceeded the World Health Organization's 1 h guideline of 26 ppm, although the vast majority (95%) of kitchens were within China's residential indoor air quality guideline for CO on a 24 h basis. Choice of heating fuel and household smoking status were significant predictors of indoor air quality. Whether solid or "improved" (gas or electric) fuel was used for cooking had an even stronger effect, but in the opposite direction from expected, on both peak and daily average measures of air pollution. Peak pollution period concentrations of CO and PM were strongly correlated to daily concentrations of CO and RSP, respectively. Our results suggestthat due to the primary role of heating as a determinant of wintertime indoor air quality in northern Chinese villages, health-oriented interventions limited to provision of improved cooking fuel are insufficient. Our results illustrate that peak pollution periods may routinely exceed exposure regulations and evacuation limits, although this and previous studies document typical 24 h CO concentrations in rural Chinese kitchens to be within guidelines. Within a given village and for a given pollutant, daily pollutant concentrations may be strong predictors of peak pollution period concentrations. Descriptors Air Pollution, Indoor/analysis, Carbon Monoxide/analysis, China, Cooking, Environmental Monitoring, Housing, Humans, Particulate Matter/analysis, Rural Population, Tobacco Smoke Pollution Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Fischer,S. L., Koshland,C. P. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Sustainability of a water, sanitation and hygiene education project in rural Bangladesh: a 5-year follow-up	1996	Environmental Health Programme, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (ICDDR,B), Dhaka, Bangladesh.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Bulletin of the World Health Organization Periodical, Abbrev. Bull.World Health Organ. Pub Date Free Form Volume 74 Issue 4 Start Page 431 Other Pages 437 Notes LR: 20130919; JID: 7507052; OID: NLM: PMC2486877; OID: PIP: 127290; OID: POP: 00268484; OTO: PIP; GN: PIP: TJ: BULLETIN OF THE WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION.; ppublish Place of Publication SWITZERLAND ISSN/ISBN 0042-9686; 0042-9686 Accession Number PMID: 8823966 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM; J DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 8823966 Abstract An integrated water supply, sanitation and hygiene (WSH) education intervention project was run by the International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh, over the period 1983-87. In the intervention area the project provided handpumps, pit latrines, and hygiene education to about 800 households. The control population did not receive any interventions, but had access to the usual government and private WSH facilities. After 1987 no external support was provided to maintain these provisions. A cross-sectional follow-up survey, which was carried out in 1992, involved about 500 randomly selected households from the intervention and control areas. In 1992 about 82% of the pumps were still in good functional condition and of these, 94% had been functioning well in 1987. Fewer latrines were functional in 1992 (64%) than at the end of 1987 (93%). In the former intervention area about 84% of the adults were using sanitary latrines in 1992 compared with only 7% in the control area. Knowledge related to disease transmission, however, was poor and similar in both areas. People claimed that they used the WSH facilities to improve the quality of their lives. The prevalence of diarrhoeal diseases in the 1992 survey among the control population was about twice that among those in the intervention area.; PIP: This study presents the findings of a 1992 follow-up survey to determine the behavioral and health benefits of the Mirzapur Handpump Project during 1984-92. The project was part of an integrated water supply, sanitation, and hygiene (WSH) education intervention project run by the International Center for Diarrheal Disease Research in Bangladesh. The project was implemented during 1984-87 in five villages in Mirzapur subdistrict among 880 households with 148 improved handpumps, one twin pit latrine for almost every household, and extensive hygiene education. The control area included 750 households with about 42 handpumps. Local women participated in selecting installation sites, maintaining tubewells and latrines, and collecting data. The last program repairs were made in 1987. Findings from the 1992 survey reveal that the percentage of working pumps declined from 100% to 82% during 1987-92. 75% of respondents believed that maintenance was shared by users. The remaining 25% in the intervention area and all in the control area claimed that repair was taken care of by the owners. 84% used tubewell water because of the improved quality. Use of sanitary latrines was the same over time. Use was 83% in the intervention area and only 8% in the control area. There was a decline in the percentage of proper functioning latrines from 98% in 1987 to 64% in 1993. Hygiene practices remained poor in 1993, but still higher than in the control area. Knowledge of the transmission of diarrhea was poor in 1992 and similar in control and intervention areas. Diarrheal morbidity in the previous 24 hours was significantly lower in the intervention area. Findings indicate improvement in health practices but little understanding of WSH practices and improved health. The monitoring measures were useful in determining project sustainability. Descriptors Adolescent, Adult, Cross-Sectional Studies, Diarrhea/prevention & control, Female, Health Education, Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice, Humans, Hygiene/standards, Male, Quality of Life, Sampling Studies, Sanitation/standards, Water Supply/standards, Asia, Bangladesh, Demographic Factors, Developing Countries, Education, Environment, Follow-up Studies, Health, Hygiene, Natural Resources, Organization And Administration, Population, Population Characteristics, Population Education, Program Evaluation, Program Sustainability, Programs, Public Health, Research Methodology, Research Report, Rural Population, Sanitation, Southern Asia, Studies, Surveys, Water Supply Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Hoque,B. A., Juncker,T., Sack,R. B., Ali,M., Aziz,K. M. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID PMC2486877 Editors
Magnetic solid-phase extraction based on magnetic multi-walled carbon nanotubes for the determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in grilled meat samples	2013	Environmental Health Department, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Talanta Periodical, Abbrev. Talanta Pub Date Free Form 15-Oct Volume 115 Issue Start Page 957 Other Pages 965 Notes CI: Copyright (c) 2013; JID: 2984816R; 0 (Magnetite Nanoparticles); 0 (Nanotubes, Carbon); 0 (Polycyclic Hydrocarbons, Aromatic); 0 (Water Pollutants, Chemical); OTO: NOTNLM; 2013/05/04 [received]; 2013/07/02 [revised]; 2013/07/04 [accepted]; 2013/07/09 [ Place of Publication Netherlands ISSN/ISBN 1873-3573; 0039-9140 Accession Number PMID: 24054688 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.1016/j.talanta.2013.07.005 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 24054688 Abstract A sensitive and reliable method for determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in grilled meat samples was developed and validated. The method is based on magnetic solid phase extraction (MSPE) and GC-MS analysis. Magnetic carbon nanotubes (MCNTs) which have excellent adsorption capabilities, were used as adsorbent to extract PAHs, an important class of carcinogens, from meat samples. To obtain the best extraction yields, the influencing factors, including primary extraction conditions, the amount of adsorbent, adsorption and desorption time, salt addition and desorption solvent were investigated in detail. Under optimized conditions, the LODs and LOQs achieved were in the range of 0.035-0.100 and 0.075-0.200 microg Kg(-1) respectively. The calibration curves were linear (r(2) >/= 0.988) over the concentration ranges from 0.100 microg Kg(-1) to 250 microg Kg(-1) The relative standard deviations (RSDs) obtained by carrying out intra- and inter-day precision studies were less than 13.7% and 13.9%, respectively which confirms reproducibility of the method. In addition, the recoveries of analyzed PAHs ranged from 81.3% to 96.7% with the RSDs less than 12.7 %. Finally, the established MSPE-GC-MS method was successfully applied to determine PAHs in charcoal grilled/barbecued meat samples. benzo[a]anthracene, benzo[b]fluoranthene, Benzo[a]pyrene and chrysene were detected in beef, lamb and chicken meat samples with the mean cumulative concentration of 4.000, 3.414 and 0.931 microg Kg(-1) respectively. Taken together, the MSPE-GC-MS method developed in current study provides a new option for the determination of PAHs in grilled/barbecued meat samples. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Elsevier B.V Data Source Authors Moazzen,M., Ahmadkhaniha,R., Gorji,M.E., Yunesian,M., Rastkari,N. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20130709 PMCID Editors
Indoor air pollution levels in public buildings in Thailand and exposure assessment	2009	Environmental Engineering and Technology, School of Environment Resources and Development, Asian Institute of Technology, Phatumthani 12120, Thailand.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Environmental monitoring and assessment Periodical, Abbrev. Environ.Monit.Assess. Pub Date Free Form Sep Volume 156 Issue 4-Jan Start Page 581 Other Pages 594 Notes LR: 20131121; JID: 8508350; 0 (Benzene Derivatives); 0 (Particulate Matter); 0 (Xylenes); 0UZA3422Q4 (Sulfur Dioxide); 142M471B3J (Carbon Dioxide); 3FPU23BG52 (Toluene); 7U1EE4V452 (Carbon Monoxide); J64922108F (Benzene); L5I45M5G0O (ethylbenzene); 2008/0 Place of Publication Netherlands ISSN/ISBN 1573-2959; 0167-6369 Accession Number PMID: 18712485 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.1007/s10661-008-0507-z [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 18712485 Abstract Levels of pollutants including PM2.5 and PM2.5 composition (black carbon and water soluble ions), SO(2), NO(2), CO, CO(2), and BTEX (benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, xylene) were monitored for indoor and outdoor air at a university campus and a shopping center, both located in the Northern suburb of Bangkok. Sampling was done during December 2005-February 2006 on both weekdays and weekends. At the university, indoor monitoring was done in two different air conditioned classrooms which shows the I/O ratios for all pollutants to be below 0.5-0.8 during the weekends. However, on weekdays the ratios for CO(2) and most detected BTEX were above 1.0. The concept of classroom occupancy was defined using a function of the student number in a lecture hour and the number of lecture hours per day. Classroom 2, which had a higher occupancy than classroom 1, was characterized by higher concentrations of most pollutants. PM2.5 was an exception and was higher in classroom 1 (37 microg/m(3), weekdays) as compared to classroom 2 (26 microg/m(3), weekdays) which was likely linked to the dust resuspension from the carpeted floor in the former. Monitoring was also done in the shopping mall at three different sites. Indoor pollutants levels and the I/O ratios at the shopping mall were higher than at the university. Levels of all pollutants measured at the car park, except for toluene and CO(2), were the highest. I/O ratios of the pollutants at the mall were above 1.0, which indicates the relatively higher influence of the indoor sources. However, the black carbon content in PM2.5 outdoor is higher than indoor, which suggest the important contribution from outdoor combustion sources such as the traffic. Major sources of outdoor air pollution in the areas were briefly discussed. Exposure modeling was applied using the time activity and measured pollutant concentrations to assess the exposure of different groups of people in the study areas. High exposure to PM2.5, especially for the people working in the mall, should be of health effect concern. Descriptors Air Pollution, Indoor/analysis, Benzene/analysis, Benzene Derivatives/analysis, Carbon Dioxide/analysis, Carbon Monoxide/analysis, Environmental Exposure/analysis, Humans, Particulate Matter/analysis, Public Facilities, Sulfur Dioxide/analysis, Thailand, Toluene/analysis, Xylenes/analysis Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Klinmalee,A., Srimongkol,K., Kim Oanh,N. T. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20080819 PMCID Editors
Determination of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylenes in urban air of Thessaloniki, Greece	2006	Environmental Department, Municipality of Thessaloniki, Paparigopoulou 7, Thessaloniki 54630, Greece. kelesis@envdimosthes.gr	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Environmental toxicology Periodical, Abbrev. Environ.Toxicol. Pub Date Free Form Aug Volume 21 Issue 4 Start Page 440 Other Pages 443 Notes LR: 20131121; CI: Copyright 2006; JID: 100885357; 0 (Air Pollutants); 0 (Benzene Derivatives); 0 (Vehicle Emissions); 0 (Xylenes); 3FPU23BG52 (Toluene); J64922108F (Benzene); L5I45M5G0O (ethylbenzene); ppublish Place of Publication United States ISSN/ISBN 1520-4081; 1520-4081 Accession Number PMID: 16841317 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.1002/tox.20197 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 16841317 Abstract In this study, quasicontinuous measurements of major aromatic volatile organic compounds (VOCs), which include benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylenes were carried out by means of an automatic gas chromatograph (GC-PID analyzer), in the urban air of Thessaloniki, at a mean level of 27 m above ground, during the years 2003 and 2004. The highest measured concentrations of aromatic hydrocarbons were observed during the winter period of the year. The data indicate that the annual mean benzene concentration levels were around 1 ppb, less than the E.U. annual limit value of 5.0 microg m(-3) (1.44 ppb at STP). The diurnal variation of aromatic hydrocarbons suggests that emissions from motor vehicles are their dominant source, at the commercial center of the city, while meteorological conditions (wind speed and direction) are important variables that control the atmospheric abundance of these pollutants, especially during stagnant weather conditions that favor the development of land-sea breeze circulations. Descriptors Air Pollutants/analysis, Benzene/analysis, Benzene Derivatives/analysis, Chromatography, Gas, Cities, Environmental Monitoring, Greece, Toluene/analysis, Urban Health, Vehicle Emissions/analysis, Wind, Xylenes/analysis Links Book Title Database Publisher Wiley Periodicals, Inc Data Source Authors Kelessis,A. G., Petrakakis,M. J., Zoumakis,N. M. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors

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