WTS database

Title	Pub Year	Author	SearchLink Sort descending
Perceived risk of harm from cigarettes or smokeless tobacco among U.S. high school seniors	2007	University of Florida, Department of Community Dentistry and Behavioral Science, Gainesville, FL 32610-3628, USA. stomar@dental.ufl.edu	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco Periodical, Abbrev. Nicotine Tob.Res. Pub Date Free Form Nov Volume 9 Issue 11 Start Page 1191 Other Pages 1196 Notes JID: 9815751; ppublish Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1462-2203; 1462-2203 Accession Number PMID: 17978994 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 783695759 [pii] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 17978994 Abstract This study examined perceived risk of harm from smoking or ST use in a U.S. nationally representative sample of high school seniors and examined its association with current smoking status. Data were derived from the Monitoring the Future project for 1999 through 2003 (n = 11,093). We used multiple logistic regression analysis to examine the association between comparative perceived risk of harm of smoking and ST use with current smoking status, while adjusting for sex, race, and perceived risk of harm from smoking. In 1999-2003, 74.0% of high school seniors perceived great risk of harm from smoking and 44.9% perceived great risk from using ST. Perceived risk varied by smoking intensity: 80.3% of non-smokers perceived great risk of harm from smoking, compared to 49.7% of students who smoked about one-half pack per day and 36.1% of pack-a-day smokers. Overall, 52.7% perceived equal risk of harm from using either product, 41.3% perceived greater risk from cigarettes, and 6.1% perceived a greater risk from using ST. Adjusting for sex and race, high school seniors who perceived that smoking conveyed a greater risk for harm than did using smokeless tobacco were significantly more likely to be smokers than were those who perceived equal risk from the products (odds ratio [OR] = 1.43; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.29-1.60). Those who perceived that using smokeless tobacco was riskier than smoking were even more likely to be current smokers (OR = 2.43; 95% CI 1.96-3.01). Effective methods for communicating accurate health risks to young people are needed. Descriptors Adolescent, Adolescent Behavior/psychology, Confidence Intervals, Female, Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice, Humans, Male, Odds Ratio, Peer Group, Risk Factors, Smoking/epidemiology/psychology, Smoking Cessation/psychology, Students/psychology/statistics & numerical data, Tobacco Use Disorder/epidemiology/psychology, Tobacco, Smokeless, United States/epidemiology Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Tomar,S. L., Hatsukami,D. K. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
A systematic review and meta-analysis of the risk of increasing adiposity on Barrett's esophagus	2008	Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Leeds Institute for Genetics Health and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Leeds, Leeds, England, United Kingdom.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full The American Journal of Gastroenterology Periodical, Abbrev. Am.J.Gastroenterol. Pub Date Free Form Feb Volume 103 Issue 2 Start Page 292 Other Pages 300 Notes LR: 20080530; JID: 0421030; CIN: Am J Gastroenterol. 2008 Feb;103(2):301-3. PMID: 18289199; CIN: Am J Gastroenterol. 2008 May;103(5):1316-7. PMID: 18477363; RF: 55; 2007/11/06 [aheadofprint]; ppublish Place of Publication United States ISSN/ISBN 0002-9270; 0002-9270 Accession Number PMID: 17986313 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Meta-Analysis; Review; IM DOI AJG1621 [pii] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 17986313 Abstract OBJECTIVES: Esophageal adenocarcinoma and its precursor lesion, Barrett's esophagus, are increasing in incidence in western populations. Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and high body mass index (BMI) are known risk factors, but it is unclear whether BMI mediates its risk on Barrett's esophagus independently. This systematic review and meta-analysis investigated whether increasing BMI is associated with Barrett's esophagus as compared to general population and GERD controls. METHODS: Search strategies were conducted in MEDLINE (U.S. National Library of Medicine, Bethesda, MD) (1966-2005) and EMBASE (Reed Elsevier PLC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands) (1980-2005). Studies to be included were required to present "current" BMI data for consecutively recruited Barrett's esophagus patients and appropriate comparison arms with a minimum number of 30 subjects in each. RESULTS: The literature search produced 5,501 hits from which 295 papers were extracted. Only 10 studies met the criteria for inclusion. The Statistics/Data Analysis (STATA) program was used to conduct random effects meta-analyses. Nine studies comparing the BMI of the Barrett's esophagus and GERD groups produced a pooled odds ratio (OR) of 0.99 per kg/m2 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.97-1.01, I2= 52%), while the pooled estimate of three studies comparing Barrett's esophagus with general population controls was 1.02 per kg/m2 (95% CI 1.01-1.04, I2= 0%). CONCLUSIONS: Increasing adiposity is only an indirect risk factor of Barrett's esophagus through the precursor lesion of GERD. Hence, BMI status has no predictive value with respect to GERD patients and their risk of progression to Barrett's esophagus. Descriptors Adipose Tissue, Barrett Esophagus/epidemiology/etiology, Body Mass Index, Gastroesophageal Reflux/complications, Humans, Risk Factors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Cook,M. B., Greenwood,D. C., Hardie,L. J., Wild,C. P., Forman,D. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20071106 PMCID Editors
A comparison of ammonium, nitrate and proton net fluxes along seedling roots of Douglas-fir and lodgepole pine grown and measured with different inorganic nitrogen sources	2008	Centre for Forest Biology, University of Victoria, PO Box 3020 STN CSC, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada. bhawkins@uvic.ca	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Plant, Cell & Environment Periodical, Abbrev. Plant.Cell.Environ. Pub Date Free Form Mar Volume 31 Issue 3 Start Page 278 Other Pages 287 Notes LR: 20151119; JID: 9309004; 0 (Nitrates); 0 (Protons); 0 (Quaternary Ammonium Compounds); N762921K75 (Nitrogen); 2007/11/22 [aheadofprint]; ppublish Place of Publication United States ISSN/ISBN 1365-3040; 0140-7791 Accession Number PMID: 18034773 Language eng SubFile Comparative Study; Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI PCE1760 [pii] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 18034773 Abstract Significant spatial variability in NH4+, NO3- and H+ net fluxes was measured in roots of young seedlings of Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) and lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta) with ion-selective microelectrodes. Seedlings were grown with NH4+, NO3-, NH4NO3 or no nitrogen (N), and were measured in solutions containing one or both N ions, or no N in a full factorial design. Net NO3- and NH4+ uptake and H+ efflux were greater in Douglas-fir than lodgepole pine and in roots not exposed to N in pretreatment. In general, the rates of net NH4+ uptake were the same in the presence or absence of NO3-, and vice versa. The highest NO3- influx occurred 0-30 mm from the root apex in Douglas-fir and 0-10 mm from the apex in lodgepole pine. Net NH4+ flux was zero or negative (efflux) at Douglas-fir root tips, and the highest NH4+ influx occurred 5-20 mm from the root tip. Lodgepole pine had some NH4+ influx at the root tips, and the maximum net uptake 5 mm from the root tip. Net H+ efflux was greatest in the first 10 mm of roots of both species. This study demonstrates that nutrient uptake by conifer roots can vary significantly across different regions of the root, and indicates that ion flux profiles along the roots may be influenced by rates of root growth and maturation. Descriptors Nitrates/metabolism, Nitrogen/metabolism, Pinus/metabolism, Plant Roots/metabolism, Protons, Pseudotsuga/metabolism, Quaternary Ammonium Compounds/metabolism, Seedlings/metabolism, Species Specificity Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Hawkins,B. J., Boukcim,H., Plassard,C. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20071122 PMCID Editors
Phenotypic and genotypic identification of lactic acid bacteria isolated from ethnic fermented bamboo tender shoots of North East India	2008	Food Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Botany, Sikkim Government College, Gangtok 737102, Sikkim, India.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full International journal of food microbiology Periodical, Abbrev. Int.J.Food Microbiol. Pub Date Free Form 15-Jan Volume 121 Issue 1 Start Page 35 Other Pages 40 Notes JID: 8412849; 0 (DNA, Bacterial); 2007/04/05 [received]; 2007/08/29 [revised]; 2007/10/24 [accepted]; 2007/11/01 [aheadofprint]; ppublish Place of Publication Netherlands ISSN/ISBN 0168-1605; 0168-1605 Accession Number PMID: 18036695 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI S0168-1605(07)00563-6 [pii] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 18036695 Abstract Mesu, soidon, soibum and soijim are ethnic fermented bamboo tender shoot products prepared by the people in North East India. Microbiological analysis of mesu, soidon, soibum and soijim showed the population dominated by lactic acid bacteria (LAB) ranging up to 10(8) cfu g(-1). The phenotypic characterisation of predominant LAB isolated from the fermented bamboo shoot products was based on general morphology, physiological tests, API and Biolog systems. The genotypic characterisation of LAB was based on RAPD-PCR, rep PCR, species-specific PCR techniques, 16S rRNA gene sequencing and DNA-DNA hybridisation. Predominant functional LAB strains associated with the fermented bamboo shoot products were identified as Lactobacillus brevis, Lb. plantarum, Lb. curvatus, Pediococcus pentosaceus, Leuconostoc mesenteroides subsp. mesenteroides, Leuc. fallax, Leuc. lactis, Leuc. citreum and Enterococcus durans. Descriptors Bambusa/microbiology, Colony Count, Microbial, DNA, Bacterial/analysis, Enterococcus/classification/isolation & purification, Fermentation, Food Microbiology, Genotype, Humans, Hydrogen-Ion Concentration, India, Lactobacillus/classification/isolation & purification, Leuconostoc/classification/isolation & purification, Pediococcus/classification/isolation & purification, Phenotype, Phylogeny, Poaceae/microbiology, Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA Technique, Species Specificity Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Tamang,B., Tamang,J. P., Schillinger,U., Franz,C. M., Gores,M., Holzapfel,W. H. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20071101 PMCID Editors
Solid-phase microextraction-gas chromatographic-tandem mass spectrometric analysis of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Towards the European Union water directive 2006/0129 EC	2007	Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of A Coruna, Campus da Zapateira, E-15071 A Coruna, Spain.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Journal of chromatography.A Periodical, Abbrev. J.Chromatogr.A Pub Date Free Form 28-Dec Volume 1176 Issue 2-Jan Start Page 48 Other Pages 56 Notes LR: 20090115; JID: 9318488; 0 (Polycyclic Compounds); 0 (Water Pollutants, Chemical); 2007/08/16 [received]; 2007/10/31 [revised]; 2007/11/02 [accepted]; 2007/11/09 [aheadofprint]; ppublish Place of Publication Netherlands ISSN/ISBN 0021-9673; 0021-9673 Accession Number PMID: 18037429 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI S0021-9673(07)01924-3 [pii] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 18037429 Abstract This article presents a solid-phase microextraction (SPME) procedure to determine 27 parent and alkylated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) with diverging polarities and molecular masses in various types of water samples (tap, well, superficial, and seawater). A 65-microm polydimethylsiloxane-divinylbenzene (PDMS/DVB) fiber was used, and parameters affecting the extraction procedures such as extraction temperature and time, desorption temperature and time, splitless time, effect of an organic modifier or ionic adjustment were studied. The linearity and precision of the proposed method were satisfactory. The use of GC-MS determination in the full scan mode, in the selected ion monitoring (SIM) mode, and in the GC-MS-MS mode provided the unequivocal identification and quantification of the target analytes. Moreover, the proposed SPME-GC-MS-MS method, extracting only 18 ml of sample, reached the very restrictive limits fixed by the 2006/0129 EC proposal for a new water directive to be achieved by 2015. The matrix effects were evaluated through the analysis of tap, well, superficial, and seawater. A discussion on different behaviors, a result of the matrix effects, was included. Analytical recoveries were satisfactory in all cases. The novelty of this work consisted in the wide range of analyzed PAHs, the very low detection limits that were reached, the coupling of SPME-GC-MS-MS, and the study of the matrix effect on water samples. With this developed procedure, detection limits between 0.07 and 0.76 ng l(-1) and quantification limits between 0.10 and 0.98 ng l(-1) were obtained with MS-MS detection. Moreover, the analytical recoveries for different aqueous matrices were near 100% in all cases. Descriptors European Union, Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry/methods, Hydrogen-Ion Concentration, Osmolar Concentration, Polycyclic Compounds/analysis, Tandem Mass Spectrometry/methods, Water Pollutants, Chemical/analysis Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Fernandez-Gonzalez,V., Concha-Grana,E., Muniategui-Lorenzo,S., Lopez-Mahia,P., Prada-Rodriguez,D. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20071109 PMCID Editors
Identification and antimicrobial susceptibility of lactic acid bacteria from retail fermented foods	2007	Department of Food Science, Louisiana State University Agricultural Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA. bge@lsu.edu	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Journal of food protection Periodical, Abbrev. J.Food Prot. Pub Date Free Form Nov Volume 70 Issue 11 Start Page 2606 Other Pages 2612 Notes JID: 7703944; 0 (Anti-Bacterial Agents); 0 (DNA, Bacterial); 0 (DNA, Ribosomal Spacer); 0 (RNA, Ribosomal, 16S); 0 (RNA, Ribosomal, 23S); ppublish Place of Publication United States ISSN/ISBN 0362-028X; 0362-028X Accession Number PMID: 18044442 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.; IM DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 18044442 Abstract One important safety criterion of using lactic acid bacteria (LAB) in food applications is to ensure that they do not carry transferable antimicrobial resistance (AR) determinants. In this study, 63 LAB belonging to six genera, Streptococcus, Lactobacillus, Lactococcus, Enterococcus, Leuconostoc, and Pediococcus, were recovered from 28 retail fermented food products in Maryland, identified to species with 16S-23S rRNA spacer PCRs, and characterized for antimicrobial susceptibility against eight antimicrobials. Besides intrinsic resistance to ciprofloxacin or vancomycin in some lactobacilli, tetracycline resistance was observed in two Streptococcus thermophilus isolates from one cheese and one sour cream sample and was associated with the presence of a nonconjugative tet(S) gene. The results indicated a low level of AR among naturally occurring and starter LAB cultures in fermented dairy and meat products in the United States; therefore, the probability for foodborne LAB to serve as reservoirs of AR is low. Further studies involving a larger sample size are needed to assess the potential risk of AR gene transfer from LAB in fermented food products. Descriptors Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology, Base Sequence, Colony Count, Microbial, Conjugation, Genetic, Consumer Product Safety, DNA, Bacterial/analysis, DNA, Ribosomal Spacer, Dairy Products/microbiology, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, Drug Resistance, Bacterial, Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial, Fermentation, Food Microbiology, Humans, Lactobacillus/drug effects/isolation & purification, Lactococcus/drug effects/isolation & purification, Leuconostoc/drug effects/isolation & purification, Meat Products/microbiology, Microbial Sensitivity Tests, Pediococcus/drug effects/isolation & purification, Polymerase Chain Reaction/methods, RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/chemistry, RNA, Ribosomal, 23S/chemistry, Species Specificity, Streptococcus/drug effects/isolation & purification Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Ge,B., Jiang,P., Han,F., Saleh,N. K., Dhiman,N., Fedorko,D. P., Nelson,N. A., Meng,J. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Effects of environmental tobacco smoke on respiratory health of boys and girls from kindergarten: results from 15 districts of northern China	2007	Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning province, China.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Indoor air Periodical, Abbrev. Indoor Air Pub Date Free Form Dec Volume 17 Issue 6 Start Page 475 Other Pages 483 Notes LR: 20130520; JID: 9423515; 0 (Tobacco Smoke Pollution); ppublish Place of Publication Denmark ISSN/ISBN 0905-6947; 0905-6947 Accession Number PMID: 18045272 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI INA495 [pii] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 18045272 Abstract The effects of childhood environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) exposure on respiratory symptoms were investigated in 6053 kindergarten-aged children residing in 15 districts of northern China. Responses to a self-administered questionnaire completed by parents of children from 30 kindergartens were used to ascertain children with persistent cough, persistent phlegm, asthma symptom, current asthma, wheeze and wheeze without asthma. In first 2 years ETS exposure and current ETS exposure were associated with increased prevalence of persistent cough, persistent phlegm, wheeze and wheeze without asthma. Among boys, ETS exposure was associated with more respiratory symptoms and diseases than in girls. ETS exposure during pregnancy was associated with asthma symptom [odds ratio (OR), 3.00; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.28-7.03], current asthma (OR, 3.38; 95% CI: 1.25-9.14), persistent cough (OR, 1.64; 95% CI: 1.13-2.37), persistent phlegm (OR, 1.74; 95% CI: 1.01-3.01), wheeze (OR, 1.75; 95% CI: 1.15-2.68), and wheeze without asthma (OR, 1.46; 95% CI: 1.01-2.37) only among boys. In boys, the adjusted ORs for increased risk of asthma symptom and current asthma for household exposures (> or =10 cigarettes smoked per day vs. none smoked) during workday were 2.04 (95% CI: 1.01-3.89) and 2.76 (95% CI: 1.06-9.58), respectively. We conclude that ETS exposure increases the occurrence of respiratory symptoms and diseases during childhood. Boys may be more susceptible to ETS than girls. PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS: Environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) is a highly prevalent respiratory irritant. In agreement with previous cross-sectional studies, our study indicates that exposure to ETS may increase the occurrence of respiratory symptoms and diseases in children, and the association of ETS exposure and respiratory health of children increased in strength with number of cigarettes smoked inside the house per day during workday and day-off. Boys may be more susceptible to ETS than girls. These findings support the view that measures should be taken to reduce ETS exposure for children. Descriptors Child, Child, Preschool, China, Cross-Sectional Studies, Environmental Exposure/adverse effects, Female, Humans, Infant, Male, Prevalence, Respiratory Tract Diseases/epidemiology/etiology, Students, Tobacco Smoke Pollution/adverse effects Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Dong,G. H., Cao,Y., Ding,H. L., Ma,Y. N., Jin,J., Zhao,Y. D., He,Q. C. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Outcomes and adherence in Syria's first smoking cessation trial	2008	Smoking Cessation Intervention Program, Syrian Center for Tobacco Studies, Aleppo, Syria.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full American Journal of Health Behavior Periodical, Abbrev. Am.J.Health Behav. Pub Date Free Form Mar-Apr Volume 32 Issue 2 Start Page 146 Other Pages 156 Notes LR: 20080721; GR: R01 TW05962/TW/FIC NIH HHS/United States; JID: 9602338; ppublish Place of Publication United States ISSN/ISBN 1087-3244; 1087-3244 Accession Number PMID: 18052855 Language eng SubFile Comparative Study; Journal Article; Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.5555/ajhb.2008.32.2.146 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 18052855 Abstract OBJECTIVE: To determine the feasibility of implementing cessation interventions in Syria. METHODS: We randomized 50 smokers to either a brief or intensive behavioral cessation intervention. Adherence to treatment and cessation through 3 months postcessation were calculated. RESULTS: Adherence in the intensive group was only moderate and was associated with smoking for more years and higher self-efficacy. Cessation rates in the brief and intensive intervention groups were 16% and 4%, respectively. Nicotine dependence predicted abstinence at 3 months. CONCLUSION: Important barriers to cessation included perceived dependence, lack of access to pharmacotherapy, poor social support, and water pipe smoking. Descriptors Adult, Developing Countries, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Health Education, Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Self Efficacy, Smoking/adverse effects, Smoking Cessation/psychology, Syria, Tobacco Use Disorder/psychology/rehabilitation Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Asfar,T., Weg,M. V., Maziak,W., Hammal,F., Eissenberg,T., Ward,K. D. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Alcohol, marijuana, and tobacco use patterns among youth in Canada	2008	Division of Preventive Oncology, Cancer Care Ontario, 620 University Avenue, Toronto, ON, Canada M5G 2L7. scott.leatherdale@cancercare.on.ca	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Cancer causes & control : CCC Periodical, Abbrev. Cancer Causes Control Pub Date Free Form May Volume 19 Issue 4 Start Page 361 Other Pages 369 Notes JID: 9100846; 2007/05/14 [received]; 2007/11/13 [accepted]; 2007/12/06 [aheadofprint]; ppublish Place of Publication Netherlands ISSN/ISBN 0957-5243; 0957-5243 Accession Number PMID: 18058247 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.1007/s10552-007-9095-4 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 18058247 Abstract The authors characterized changes in the prevalence of alcohol, tobacco, and marijuana use over time, and examined age of onset, co-morbid use and sociodemographic factors associated with ever using alcohol, tobacco, or marijuana in a nationally representative sample of Canadian youth. Data were collected from students in grades 7-9 as part of the Canadian Youth Smoking Survey (n = 19,018 in 2002; n = 29,243 in 2004). Descriptive analyses examined age of onset, co-morbid substance use and changes over time. Logistic regression models were used to examine factors associated with ever trying alcohol, tobacco, or marijuana with the 2004 data. Alcohol was the most prevalent substance used by youth and it was also the only substance which exhibited increased rates of use between 2002 and 2004. Co-morbid substance use was common, and it was rare to find youth who had used marijuana or tobacco without also having tried alcohol. As expected, youth who had poorer school performance were more likely to drink and smoke marijuana or tobacco, as were youth with more disposable income. Such timely and relevant data are important for guiding future policy, programming, and surveillance activities. Descriptors Adolescent, Adolescent Behavior, Age of Onset, Alcohol Drinking/epidemiology/prevention & control/trends, Canada/epidemiology, Child, Child Behavior, Comorbidity, Demography, Female, Humans, Logistic Models, Male, Marijuana Smoking/epidemiology/prevention & control/trends, Prevalence, Risk Factors, Sampling Studies, Smoking/epidemiology/prevention & control/trends, Students, Tobacco Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Leatherdale,S. T., Hammond,D., Ahmed,R. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20071206 PMCID Editors
Relationships of Indoor, Outdoor, and Personal Air (RIOPA): part II. Analyses of concentrations of particulate matter species	2007	Department of Environmental Sciences, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA. turpin@envsci.rutgers.edu	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Research report (Health Effects Institute) Periodical, Abbrev. Res.Rep.Health Eff.Inst. Pub Date Free Form Aug Volume (130 Pt 2) Issue 130 Pt 2 Start Page 1 Other Pages 77; discussion 79-92 Notes LR: 20151119; GR: P30 ES005022/ES/NIEHS NIH HHS/United States; JID: 8812230; 0 (Air Pollutants); 0 (Organic Chemicals); 0 (Particulate Matter); ppublish Place of Publication United States ISSN/ISBN 1041-5505; 1041-5505 Accession Number PMID: 18064946 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.; IM DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 18064946 Abstract During the study Relationships of Indoor, Outdoor, and Personal Air (RIOPA), 48-hour integrated indoor, outdoor, and personal air samples were collected between summer 1999 and spring 2001 in three different areas of the United States: Elizabeth NJ, Houston TX, and Los Angeles County CA. Air samples suitable for analyzing particulate matter 2.5 microm or smaller in aerodynamic diameter (PM2.5) were collected in 219 homes (twice in 169 homes). Indoor and outdoor air samples suitable for gas-phase and particle-phase organic analyses were collected in 152 homes (twice in 132 homes). Samples or subsets of samples were analyzed for PM2.5 mass, organic functional groups, elements, organic carbon (OC), elemental carbon (EC), gas-phase and particle-phase polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and chlordanes. Air exchange rate (AER), temperature, and relative humidity were measured for each residence; questionnaire data and time-activity information were collected from the participants. Median indoor, outdoor, and personal PM2.5 mass concentrations were 14.4, 15.5, and 31.4 microg/m3, respectively. Personal PM2.5 concentrations were significantly higher and more variable than indoor and outdoor concentrations. Several approaches were applied to quantify indoor PM2.5 of ambient (outdoor) and nonambient (indoor) origin, some using PM2.5 mass concentrations and others using PM2.5 species concentrations. PM of outdoor origin was estimated in three ways using increasingly accurate assumptions. Comparing estimates from the three approaches enabled us to quantify several types of errors that may be introduced when central-site PM concentrations are used as surrogate estimates for PM exposure. Estimates made using individual measurements produced broader distributions and higher means than those made using a single infiltration factor for all homes and days. The best estimate (produced by the robust regression approach) of the mean contribution of outdoor PM2.5 to the indoor mass concentration was 73% and to personal exposure was 26%. Possible implications of exposure error for epidemiologic assessments of PM are discussed below. Organic particulate matter was the major constituent of PM2.5 generated indoors. After correcting for artifacts, it constituted 48%, 55%, and 61% of PM2.5 mass inside study homes in Los Angeles, Elizabeth, and Houston, respectively. At least 40% but probably closer to 75% of this organic matter, on average, was emitted or formed indoors. Functional group analysis provided some insights into the composition and properties of the indoor-generated organic PM2.5. Chlordane, a very minor but mutagenic semivolatile organic mixture previously used as a termiticide, was found to be mostly of indoor origin. High emission rates were most frequently found in homes built from 1945 to 1959. Analysis of the change in gas-particle partitioning during transport of outdoor PAHs to indoor environments illustrated that chemical thermodynamics can alter the concentration and composition of outdoor PM as it is transported indoors. (This has been previously noted for nitrate [Lunden et al 2003].) In epidemiologic studies that rely on central-site monitoring data, such transformations may result in measurement error, and this possibility warrants further investigation. Descriptors* Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Air Pollutants/analysis, Air Pollution, Indoor/analysis, Child, Environmental Monitoring, Female, Humans, Inhalation Exposure/analysis, Los Angeles, Male, Middle Aged, New Jersey, Organic Chemicals/analysis, Particle Size, Particulate Matter/analysis, Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared, Surveys and Questionnaires, Texas, Urban Health Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Turpin,B. J., Weisel,C. P., Morandi,M., Colome,S., Stock,T., Eisenreich,S., Buckley,B. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors

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