WTS database

Title	Pub Year Sort descending	Author	SearchLink
Analysis of the gastrointestinal symptoms of uninvestigated dyspepsia and irritable bowel syndrome	2009	Department of Endoscopic Center, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Japan.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Gut and liver Periodical, Abbrev. Gut Liver Pub Date Free Form Sep Volume 3 Issue 3 Start Page 192 Other Pages 196 Notes LR: 20131113; JID: 101316452; OID: NLM: PMC2852717; OTO: NOTNLM; 2009/05/28 [received]; 2009/07/05 [accepted]; 2009/09/30 [epublish]; ppublish Place of Publication Korea (South) ISSN/ISBN 2005-1212; 1976-2283 Accession Number PMID: 20431745 Language eng SubFile Journal Article DOI 10.5009/gnl.2009.3.3.192 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 20431745 Abstract BACKGROUND/AIMS: Epidemiological studies suggest that there is a considerable overlap between functional dyspepsia (FD) and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). The aim of this study was to examine concurrent gastrointestinal symptoms in FD and IBS. METHODS: A total of 186 college students filled out a questionnaire regarding whether they had uninvestigated dyspepsia (UD, FD without endoscopic examination) and IBS based on Rome-II criteria. Gastrointestinal symptoms were measured using the Gastrointestinal Symptom Rating Scale (GSRS) questionnaire. RESULTS: A total of 181 students (98 males, mean age 24.6 years) completed both questionnaires. The prevalence of UD, IBS, and UD+IBS overlap was 12 (6.7%), 40 (22.1%), and 8 (4.4%), respectively. A significant UD+IBS overlap was observed (66.7% IBS in UD, 20.0% UD in IBS). Reflux scores of GSRS in either UD or IBS were significantly greater than in those without. Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), defined as weekly occurring moderate symptoms of heartburn and/or acid regurgitation and evaluated using the GSRS, was found in 16 (8.8%) of the subjects. The prevalence of IBS was significantly higher in GERD patients than in non-GERD patients (50.0% vs 19.4%). CONCLUSIONS: The considerable overlap not only between UD and IBS, but also between GERD and IBS, suggests the involvement of common pathophysiological disturbances in the two conditions. Descriptors Dyspepsia, Gastroesophageal reflux, Gastrointestinal symptom rating scale, Irritable bowel syndrome, Overlap Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Hori,K., Matsumoto,T., Miwa,H. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20090930 PMCID PMC2852717 Editors
Survey of pathogenic free-living amoebae and Legionella spp. in mud spring recreation area	2009	Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, National Chung Cheng University, Chiayi, Taiwan, ROC. bmhsu@ccu.edu.tw	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Water research Periodical, Abbrev. Water Res. Pub Date Free Form Jun Volume 43 Issue 11 Start Page 2817 Other Pages 2828 Notes LR: 20131121; JID: 0105072; 0 (RNA, Ribosomal, 18S); 059QF0KO0R (Water); 2008/08/11 [received]; 2009/04/01 [revised]; 2009/04/02 [accepted]; 2009/04/14 [aheadofprint]; ppublish Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 0043-1354; 0043-1354 Accession Number PMID: 19457534 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.1016/j.watres.2009.04.002 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 19457534 Abstract Acanthamoeba, Hartmannella, and Naegleria are free-living amoebae, ubiquitous in aquatic environments. Several species within these genera are recognized as potential human pathogens. These free-living amoebae may facilitate the proliferation of their parasitical bacteria, such as Legionella. In this study, we identified Acanthamoeba, Hartmannella, Naegleria, and Legionella using various analytical procedures and investigated their occurrence at a mud spring recreation area in Taiwan. We investigated factors potentially associated with the prevalence of the pathogens, including various water types, and physical and microbiological water quality parameters. Spring water was collected from 34 sites and Acanthamoeba, Hartmannella, Naegleria, and Legionella were detected in 8.8%, 35.3%, 14.7%, and 47.1%, respectively. The identified species of Acanthamoeba included Acanthamoeba castellanii and Acanthamoeba polyphaga. Nearly all the Hartmannella isolates are identified as Hartmannella vermiformis. The Naegleria species included Naegleria australiensis and its sister groups, and two other isolates referred to a new clade of Naegleria genotypes. The Legionella species identified included unnamed Legionella genotypes, Legionella pneumophila serotype 6, uncultured Legionella spp., Legionella lytica, Legionella drancourtii, and Legionella waltersii. Significant differences (Mann-Whitney U test, P<0.05) were observed between the presence/absence of Hartmannella and total coliforms, between the presence/absence of Naegleria and heterotrophic plate counts, and between the presence/absence of Legionella and heterotrophic plate counts. This survey confirms that pathogenic free-living amoebae and Legionella are prevalent in this Taiwanese mud spring recreation area. The presence of pathogens should be considered a potential health threat when associated with human activities in spring water. Descriptors Acanthamoeba/classification/isolation & purification, Animals, Hartmannella/classification/genetics/isolation & purification, Legionella/classification/genetics/isolation & purification, Naegleria/classification/genetics/isolation & purification, Phylogeny, RNA, Ribosomal, 18S/genetics, Recreation, Soil Microbiology, Water/parasitology, Water Microbiology Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Hsu,B. M., Lin,C. L., Shih,F. C. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20090414 PMCID Editors
Hybrid separation and detection device for analysis of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylenes in complex samples	2009	Center for Bioelectronics and Biosensors, Biodesign Institute and Department of Electrical Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287-5801, USA.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Analytical Chemistry Periodical, Abbrev. Anal.Chem. Pub Date Free Form 1-Nov Volume 81 Issue 21 Start Page 8930 Other Pages 8935 Notes LR: 20141207; GR: U01 ES0106064-01/ES/NIEHS NIH HHS/United States; GR: U01 ES016064/ES/NIEHS NIH HHS/United States; GR: U01 ES016064-01/ES/NIEHS NIH HHS/United States; GR: U01 ES016064-02/ES/NIEHS NIH HHS/United States; GR: U01 ES016064-02S1/ES/NIEHS NIH Place of Publication United States ISSN/ISBN 1520-6882; 0003-2700 Accession Number PMID: 19780581 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; IM DOI 10.1021/ac9015769 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 19780581 Abstract We present a hybrid system for rapid detection and analysis of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylenes (BTEX). The system combines selective and sensitive sensing elements with a fast and miniaturized chromatographic separation method. The sensing elements are an array of microfabricated quartz crystal tuning forks modified with selective molecularly imprinted polymers, and the separation method uses optimized short columns. The high sensitivity and selectivity of the sensing elements together with the help of the separation provides fast detection and analysis of BTEX in real samples containing highly concentrated interfering agents without preconcentration or heating of columns. The low cost, low power consumption, and small size of the hybrid device are particularly suitable for occupational health, industrial safety, and epidemiological applications. Descriptors Air Pollutants/analysis/chemistry, Benzene/analysis, Benzene Derivatives/analysis, Environmental Monitoring, Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry/instrumentation/methods, Molecular Imprinting/methods, Polymers/chemistry, Quartz/chemistry, Toluene/analysis, Xylenes/analysis Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Iglesias,R. A., Tsow,F., Wang,R., Forzani,E. S., Tao,N. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID PMC2782579 Editors
Temporal and spatial distribution of BTEX pollutants in the atmosphere of metropolitan areas and neighbouring towns	2009	Department of Environmental Sciences, Second University of Naples, Caserta, Italy.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Environmental monitoring and assessment Periodical, Abbrev. Environ.Monit.Assess. Pub Date Free Form Mar Volume 150 Issue 4-Jan Start Page 437 Other Pages 444 Notes LR: 20131121; JID: 8508350; 0 (Air Pollutants); 0 (Benzene Derivatives); 0 (Xylenes); 3FPU23BG52 (Toluene); J64922108F (Benzene); L5I45M5G0O (ethylbenzene); 2007/07/12 [received]; 2008/02/27 [accepted]; 2008/04/25 [aheadofprint]; ppublish Place of Publication Netherlands ISSN/ISBN 1573-2959; 0167-6369 Accession Number PMID: 18437518 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; IM DOI 10.1007/s10661-008-0242-5 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 18437518 Abstract Atmospheric BTEX [benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, o-xylene and (m + p)-xylene] concentrations have been determined in the Naples metropolitan area (NMA) and in two suburban areas located on the north within about 25 km, during 2006. The pollutants were collected by passive samplers (24-h samplings), and analysed by GC-MS. In all the areas analysed the average atmospheric benzene concentrations were higher than the limit value fixed by the European Union for 2010 and in NMA the average concentration (9.8 microg m(-3)) also exceeded the limit fixed for 2006. High linear correlation coefficients between the average daily concentrations of the different BTEX are indicative of a single major source, most likely the vehicular traffic. The temporal and spatial distribution of BTEX relative concentrations suggest that massive emissions in NMA negatively affect the quality of the air in northern suburban areas, prevalently during the hottest months of the year, probably due to transport by local seasonal winds. The ratios between BTEX daily concentrations showed a clear dependence on the intensity of solar actinic flow, indicating a major role of photochemical processes in the air cleaning from these volatile organic pollutants. Descriptors Air Pollutants/analysis, Atmosphere, Benzene/analysis, Benzene Derivatives/analysis, Cities, Environmental Monitoring, Humans, Italy, Toluene/analysis, Urban Health, Wind, Xylenes/analysis Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Iovino,P., Polverino,R., Salvestrini,S., Capasso,S. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20080425 PMCID Editors
Oesophageal cancer in Golestan Province, a high-incidence area in northern Iran - a review	2009	Digestive Disease Research Center, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, 14117 Tehran, Iran.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full European journal of cancer (Oxford, England : 1990) Periodical, Abbrev. Eur.J.Cancer Pub Date Free Form Dec Volume 45 Issue 18 Start Page 3156 Other Pages 3165 Notes LR: 20150813; GR: Intramural NIH HHS/United States; JID: 9005373; RF: 86; 2009/07/26 [received]; 2009/09/11 [revised]; 2009/09/15 [accepted]; 2009/10/01 [aheadofprint]; ppublish Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1879-0852; 0959-8049 Accession Number PMID: 19800783 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Intramural; Review; IM DOI 10.1016/j.ejca.2009.09.018 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 19800783 Abstract Golestan Province, located in the south-east littoral of the Caspian Sea in northern Iran, has one of the highest rates of oesophageal cancer (OC) in the world. We review the epidemiologic studies that have investigated the epidemiologic patterns and causes of OC in this area and provide some suggestions for further studies. Oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) constitutes over 90% of all OC cases in Golestan. In retrospective studies, cigarettes and hookah smoking, nass use (a chewing tobacco product), opium consumption, hot tea drinking, poor oral health, low intake of fresh fruit and vegetables, and low socioeconomic status have been associated with higher risk of OSCC in Golestan. However, the association of tobacco with OSCC in this area is not as strong as that seen in Western countries. Alcohol is consumed by a very small percentage of the population and is not a risk factor for OSCC in this area. Other factors, such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, N-nitroso compounds, drinking water contaminants, infections, food contamination with mycotoxins, and genetic factors merit further investigation as risk factors for OSCC in Golestan. An ongoing cohort study in this area is an important resource for studying some of these factors and also for confirming the previously found associations. Descriptors Alcohol Drinking/adverse effects/epidemiology, Alphapapillomavirus/isolation & purification, Asia/epidemiology, Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/epidemiology/etiology, Esophageal Neoplasms/epidemiology/etiology, Female, Hot Temperature/adverse effects, Humans, Iran/epidemiology, Male, Malnutrition/complications, Opioid-Related Disorders/complications/epidemiology, Polymorphism, Genetic/genetics, Risk Factors, Smoking/adverse effects/epidemiology, Tobacco, Smokeless/adverse effects, Turkmenistan/ethnology, Water Supply Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Islami,F., Kamangar,F., Nasrollahzadeh,D., Moller,H., Boffetta,P., Malekzadeh,R. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20091001 PMCID Editors
Body mass index and Barrett's oesophagus in women	2009	Section of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Boston University Medical Center, 88 East Concord Street, Room 7721, Boston, MA 02118, USA. brian.jacobson@bmc.org	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Gut Periodical, Abbrev. Gut Pub Date Free Form Nov Volume 58 Issue 11 Start Page 1460 Other Pages 1466 Notes LR: 20151119; GR: CA087969/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States; GR: CA107412/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States; GR: K07 CA107412/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States; GR: K07 CA107412-04/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States; GR: K08 DK070706/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/United States; GR: K08 D Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1468-3288; 0017-5749 Accession Number PMID: 19336423 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; AIM; IM DOI 10.1136/gut.2008.174508 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 19336423 Abstract OBJECTIVE: Excess body mass is associated with symptoms of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease, and cross-sectional studies suggest an association between body mass index (BMI) and Barrett's oesophagus. The present study sought prospectively to examine the influence of BMI and other anthropomorphic measures on the risk for Barrett's oesophagus among women. METHODS: This was a prospective study of 15 861 women who participated in the Nurses' Health Study, without a history of cancer, who underwent upper gastrointestinal endoscopy for any reason between 1986 and 2004. The main outcome measures were 261 cases of pathologically confirmed specialised intestinal metaplasia within the oesophagus (Barrett's oesophagus). Self-reported data on weight were collected from biennial questionnaires. Self-reported height was collected in 1976, and self-reported waist and hip circumferences were collected in 1986. RESULTS: Compared with women with a BMI of 20-24.9 kg/m(2), women with a BMI of 25-29.9 had a multivariate OR for Barrett's oesophagus of 0.92 (95% CI 0.66 to 1.27), women with a BMI > or =30 had a multivariate OR of 1.52 (95% CI 1.02 to 2.28) and women with a BMI <20 had a multivariate OR of 0.92 (95% CI 0.65 to 1.31). Results were similar when controlling for symptoms of gastro-oesophageal reflux, and among the entire Nurses' Health Study cohort (n = 93 609) regardless of a history of endoscopy. In contrast, waist-to-hip ratio, waist circumference and height did not appear to be associated with Barrett's oesophagus. CONCLUSIONS: Obese, but not overweight, women appear to be at increased risk for Barrett's oesophagus. Descriptors Adult, Barrett Esophagus/etiology, Body Mass Index, Endoscopy, Digestive System, Female, Gastroesophageal Reflux/complications, Humans, Intestines/pathology, Metaplasia/pathology, Middle Aged, Odds Ratio, Overweight/complications, Precancerous Conditions/etiology, Prospective Studies, Risk Factors, Surveys and Questionnaires, Waist Circumference, Waist-Hip Ratio Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Jacobson,B. C., Chan,A. T., Giovannucci,E. L., Fuchs,C. S. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20090330 PMCID PMC2763036 Editors
Nouveaux modes de consommation du tabac et de la nicotine	2009		Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Rev Med Suisse Periodical, Abbrev. Pub Date Free Form Volume 5 Issue 210 Start Page 1457 Other Pages 61 Notes ID: 19634531 Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN Accession Number Language fr SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract New ways of consuming tobacco or nicotine have recently been developed attracting smokers not only because of their novelty but also because they hope that it will decrease their health risks or will help them in smoking banned places. The objective of this paper is to review the current state of knowledge concerning the waterpipe, oral tobacco, nasal snuff, the electronic cigarette and tobacco heating devices. Although some products seem less harmful than cigarettes, we cannot encourage people to use them because we still do not have sufficient scientific data regarding their safety. Moreover, most of these products are addictive and we still do not know if they will play a role in harm reduction. Descriptors Ganglionic Stimulants/administration & dosage, Nicotine/administration & dosage, Smoking, Tobacco, Humans Links http://pesquisa.bvsalud.org/ghl/resource/en/mdl-19634531 Book Title Database MEDLINE; http://www.globalhealthlibrary.net/ Publisher Data Source Authors Jacot Sadowski,Isabelle, Cornuz,J. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Secondhand tobacco smoke concentrations in motor vehicles: a pilot study	2009	Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 N Wolfe Street, Office W7033B, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Tobacco control Periodical, Abbrev. Tob.Control Pub Date Free Form Oct Volume 18 Issue 5 Start Page 399 Other Pages 404 Notes LR: 20151119; JID: 9209612; 0 (Air Pollutants); 0 (Tobacco Smoke Pollution); 6M3C89ZY6R (Nicotine); 2009/08/25 [aheadofprint]; ppublish Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1468-3318; 0964-4563 Accession Number PMID: 19706642 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.1136/tc.2009.029942 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 19706642 Abstract CONTEXT: Motor vehicles represent important microenvironments for exposure to secondhand smoke (SHS). While some countries and cities have banned smoking in cars with children present, more data are needed to develop the evidence base on SHS exposure levels in motor vehicles to inform policy and education practices aimed at supporting smoke-free motor vehicles when passengers are present. OBJECTIVE: To assess exposure to secondhand tobacco smoke in motor vehicles using passive airborne nicotine samplers. METHODS: 17 smokers and five non-smokers who commute to and from work in their own vehicle participated. Two passive airborne nicotine samplers were placed in each vehicle for a 24-hour period, one at the front passenger seat headrest and the other in the back seat behind the driver. At the end of the sampling period, airborne nicotine was analysed by gas chromatography. RESULTS: Median (IQR) air nicotine concentrations in smokers' vehicles were 9.6 mug/m(3) (5.3-25.5) compared to non-detectable concentrations in non-smokers' vehicles. After adjustment for vehicle size, window opening, air conditioning and sampling time, there was a 1.96-fold increase (95% CI 1.43 to 2.67) in air nicotine concentrations per cigarette smoked. CONCLUSIONS: Air nicotine concentrations in motor vehicles were much higher than air nicotine concentrations generally measured in public or private indoor places, and even higher than concentrations measured in restaurants and bars. These high levels of exposure to SHS support the need for education measures and legislation that regulate smoking in motor vehicles when passengers, especially children, are present. Descriptors Adult, Air Pollutants/analysis, Automobile Driving/statistics & numerical data, Educational Status, Environmental Exposure/analysis, Environmental Monitoring/methods, Female, Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Motor Vehicles, Nicotine/analysis, Pilot Projects, Smoking, Tobacco Smoke Pollution/analysis Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Jones,M. R., Navas-Acien,A., Yuan,J., Breysse,P. N. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20090825 PMCID Editors
(E)-4-Meth-oxy-2-[3-(trifluoro-meth-yl)phenyl-imino-meth-yl]phenol	2009		Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Acta crystallographica.Section E, Structure reports online Periodical, Abbrev. Acta Crystallogr.Sect.E.Struct.Rep.Online Pub Date Free Form 28-Nov Volume 65 Issue Pt 12 Start Page o3245 Other Pages 6 Notes LR: 20111209; JID: 101089178; OID: NLM: PMC2971825; 2009/11/05 [received]; 2009/11/23 [accepted]; 2009/11/28 [epublish]; epublish Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1600-5368; 1600-5368 Accession Number PMID: 21578946 Language eng SubFile Journal Article DOI 10.1107/S160053680905034X [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 21578946 Abstract The title compound, C(15)H(12)F(3)NO(2), adopts the phenol-imine tautomeric form, with the H atom attached to oxygen rather than to nitro-gen. There are two independent mol-ecules aligned nearly parallel in the asymmetric unit with their trifloramethyl groups pointing in opposite directions. The dihedral angles between the aromatic rings are 40.43 (1) degrees in the first mol-ecule and 36.12 (1) degrees in the second. Strong intra-molecular O-Hcdots, three dots, centeredN hydrogen bonding generates S(6) ring motifs. Weak inter-molecular C-Hcdots, three dots, centeredO hydrogen bonds link the independent mol-ecules separately into sheets normal to [010]. In addition, C-Hcdots, three dots, centeredpi inter-actions are also observed. The F atoms of the trifluoro-methyl groups are disordered over two sets of sites with refined site occupancies of 0.59 (2)/0.41 (2) and 0.62 (3)/0.38 (3), respectively. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Kelesoglu,Z., Buyukgungor,O., Albayrak,C., Odabasoglu,M. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20091128 PMCID PMC2971825 Editors
Tobacco use among Palestine refugee students (UNRWA) aged 13-15	2009		Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Prev Med Periodical, Abbrev. Prev.Med. Pub Date Free Form Volume 49 Issue 3-Feb Start Page 224 Other Pages 8 Notes ID: 19520108 Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN Accession Number Language en SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract OBJECTIVE: The United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East (UNRWA) has made tobacco use prevention a primary health issue. UNRWA provides education, health, relief and social services in five fields of operation: Jordan, Lebanon, Syria, Gaza Strip and the West Bank. The purpose of this paper is to compare tobacco use among Palestine refugee students and students in the general population of the five fields of operation. METHODS: Global Youth Tobacco Survey (GYTS) data were collected from representative samples of students in UNRWA schools in each of the five fields of operation in 2008. For comparison, previous data are included from GYTS conducted in Gaza Strip, Lebanon, and the West Bank (2005) and in Jordan and Syria (2007). Data are presented for three groups of students: refugees attending schools within and outside the camps and non-refugee students in the general population. RESULTS: In each of the five fields of operation, there was no difference in current cigarette smoking, current use of shisha, or susceptibility to initiate smoking among the three groups of students. Cigarette smoking and susceptibility was lowest in the Gaza Strip and highest in the West Bank; shisha use was lowest in the Gaza Strip but over 30% in Lebanon, Syria, and the West Bank. Exposure to secondhand smoke in public places was greater than 60% in almost all sites. Exposure to indirect advertising was almost 10%. CONCLUSIONS: The similarity in tobacco use among the three groups of students suggests that a coordinated plan between the UNRWA and the governmental authority could be most beneficial in reducing the burden of tobacco-related morbidity and mortality. Descriptors Arabs/psychology, Refugees/psychology, Smoking/ethnology, Students/psychology, Tobacco Use Disorder/ethnology, Adolescent, Cross-Sectional Studies, Female, Health Surveys, Humans, Male, Middle East/epidemiology, Risk Factors Links http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ypmed.2009.06.001 Book Title Database MEDLINE; http://www.globalhealthlibrary.net/ Publisher Data Source Authors Khader,Ali, Shaheen,Youssef, Turki,Yassir, el Awa,Fatimah, Fouad,Heba, Warren,Charles W., Jones,Nathan R., Lea,Veronica, Lee,Juliette Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors

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