WTS database

Title	Pub Year	Author	SearchLink Sort descending
Etching enamel for orthodontics with an erbium, chromium:yttrium-scandium-gallium-garnet laser system	2007	Dicle University, Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Campus, Diyarbakir, Turkey. basaran@dicle.edu.tr	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full The Angle Orthodontist Periodical, Abbrev. Angle Orthod. Pub Date Free Form Jan Volume 77 Issue 1 Start Page 117 Other Pages 123 Notes LR: 20131121; JID: 0370550; 0 (Phosphoric Acids); 0R0008Q3JB (Chromium); 77B218D3YE (Erbium); E4GA8884NN (phosphoric acid); 2005/12/01 [received]; 2006/01/01 [accepted]; ppublish Place of Publication United States ISSN/ISBN 0003-3219; 0003-3219 Accession Number PMID: 17029548 Language eng SubFile Comparative Study; Evaluation Studies; Journal Article; D; IM DOI 10.2319/120605-426R.1 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 17029548 Abstract OBJECTIVE: To test the shear bond strength, surface characteristics, and fracture mode of brackets that are bonded to enamel etched with an erbium, chromium:yttrium-scandium-gallium-garnet (Er,Cr:YSGG) laser operated at different power outputs: 0.5 W, 1 W, and 2 W. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Human premolars that had been extracted for orthodontic purposes were used. Enamel was etched with an Er,Cr:YSGG laser system operated at one of three power outputs or with orthophosphoric acid. RESULTS: The shear bond strength associated with the 0.5-W laser irradiation was significantly less than the strengths obtained with the other irradiations. Both the 1-W and 2-W laser irradiations were capable of etching enamel in the same manner. This finding was confirmed by scanning electron microscopy examination. The evaluation of adhesive-remnant-index scores demonstrated no statistically significant difference in bond failure site among the groups, except for the 0.5-W laser-etched group. Generally, more adhesive was left on the enamel surface with laser irradiation than with acid etching. CONCLUSION: The mean shear bond strength and enamel surface etching obtained with an Er,Cr: YSGG laser (operated at 1 W or 2 W for 15 seconds) is comparable to that obtained with acid etching. Descriptors Analysis of Variance, Bicuspid, Chi-Square Distribution, Chromium, Dental Bonding, Dental Debonding, Dental Enamel, Dental Etching/methods, Dental Stress Analysis, Erbium, Humans, Lasers, Microscopy, Electron, Scanning, Phosphoric Acids, Shear Strength, Surface Properties Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Basaran,G., Ozer,T., Berk,N., Hamamci,O. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Tobacco cessation interventions for young people	2006	Warwick Medical School, Medical Teaching Centre, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK. gill.grimshaw@warwick.ac.uk	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full The Cochrane database of systematic reviews Periodical, Abbrev. Cochrane Database Syst.Rev. Pub Date Free Form 18-Oct Volume -4 Issue 4 Start Page CD003289 Other Pages Notes LR: 20140729; JID: 100909747; UIN: Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2013;8:CD003289. PMID: 23975659; RF: 96; epublish Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1469-493X; 1361-6137 Accession Number PMID: 17054164 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Meta-Analysis; Review; IM DOI 10.1002/14651858.CD003289.pub4 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 17054164 Abstract BACKGROUND: Teenage smoking prevalence is around 15% in developing countries (with wide variation from country to country), and around 26% in the UK and USA. Although most tobacco control programmes for adolescents are based around prevention of uptake, there are also a number of initiatives to help those who want to quit. Since those who do not smoke before the age of 20 are significantly less likely to start as adults, there is a strong case for programmes for young people that address both prevention and treatment. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the effectiveness of strategies that help young people to stop smoking tobacco. SEARCH STRATEGY: We searched the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) and the Cochrane Tobacco Addiction Group's Specialized Register, MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsyclNFO, ERIC, CINAHL, and the bibliographies of identified trials. We also searched the 'grey' literature (unpublished materials), and contacted authors and experts in the field where necessary. SELECTION CRITERIA: Types of studies: Randomized controlled trials, cluster-randomized controlled trials and controlled trials. TYPES OF PARTICIPANTS: Young people, aged less than 20, who are regular tobacco smokers. Types of interventions: The interventions ranged from simple ones such as pharmacotherapy, targeting individual young people, through complex programmes targeting people or organizations associated with young people (for example, their families or schools), or the community in which young people live. We included cessation programmes but excluded programmes primarily aimed at prevention of uptake. Types of outcome measures: The primary outcome was smoking status at six months follow up, among those who smoked at baseline. We report the definition of cessation used in each trial (e.g seven- or thirty-day point prevalence abstinence, or sustained or prolonged abstinence), and we preferred biochemically verified cessation when that measure was available. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Both authors independently assessed the eligibility of candidate trials identified by the searches, and extracted data from them. We categorized included trials as being at low, medium or high risk of bias, based on concealment of allocation, blinding (where applicable) and the handling of attrition and losses to follow up. We conducted limited meta-analyses of some of the trials, provided that it was appropriate to group them and provided that there was minimal heterogeneity between them. We estimated pooled odds ratios using the Mantel-Haenszel method, based on the quit rates at longest follow up for trials with at least six months follow up from the start of the intervention. MAIN RESULTS: We found 15 trials, covering 3605 young people, which met our inclusion criteria (seven cluster-randomized controlled trials, six randomized controlled trials and two controlled trials). Three trials used or tested the transtheoretical model (stages of change) approach, two tested pharmacological aids to quitting (nicotine replacement and bupropion), and the remaining trials used various psycho-social interventions, such as motivational enhancement or behavioural management. The trials evaluating TTM interventions achieved moderate long-term success, with a pooled odds ratio (OR) at one year of 1.70 ( 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.25 to 2.33) persisting at two-year follow up with an OR of 1.38 (95% CI 0.99 to 1.92). Neither of the pharmacological intervention trials achieved statistically significant results (data not pooled), but both were small-scale, with low power to detect an effect. The three interventions (5 trials) which used cognitive behavioural therapy interventions did not individually achieve statistically significant results, although when the three Not on Tobacco trials were pooled the OR 1.87; (95% CI 1.00 to 3.50) suggested some measure of effectiveness. Although the three trials that incorporated motivational interviewing as a component of t Descriptors Adolescent, Adult, Clinical Trials as Topic, Cognitive Therapy, Humans, Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic, Tobacco Use Cessation/methods/psychology Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Grimshaw,G. M., Stanton,A. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20061018 PMCID Editors
Multiwalled carbon nanotubes coated fibers for solid-phase microextraction of polybrominated diphenyl ethers in water and milk samples before gas chromatography with electron-capture detection	2006	Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Ministry of Education, Research Center for Analytical Sciences, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Journal of chromatography.A Periodical, Abbrev. J.Chromatogr.A Pub Date Free Form 22-Dec Volume 1137 Issue 1 Start Page 8 Other Pages 14 Notes LR: 20090115; JID: 9318488; 0 (Hydrocarbons, Brominated); 0 (Nanotubes, Carbon); 0 (Phenyl Ethers); 0 (Water Pollutants, Chemical); 2006/09/13 [received]; 2006/10/02 [revised]; 2006/10/02 [accepted]; 2006/10/20 [aheadofprint]; ppublish Place of Publication Netherlands ISSN/ISBN 0021-9673; 0021-9673 Accession Number PMID: 17055524 Language eng SubFile Comparative Study; Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI S0021-9673(06)01898-X [pii] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 17055524 Abstract Determination of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in environmental samples has raised great concerns due to the widespread use of PBDEs and their potential risk to humans. Solid-phase microextraction (SPME) is a fast, simple, cost-effective, and green sample preparation technique and is widely used for environmental analysis, but reports on the application of SPME for determination of PBDEs are very limited, and only a few publications dealing with commercial SPME fibers are available for extraction of PBDEs. Herein, we report a novel SPME method using multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) as the SPME fiber coating for gas chromatography with electron-capture detection (GC-ECD) of PBDEs in environmental samples. The MWCNTs coating gave much higher enhancement factors (616-1756) than poly (5% dibenzene-95% dimethylsiloxane) coating (139-384) and activated carbon coating (193-423). Thirty-minute extraction of 10 mL of sample solution using the MWCNTs coated fiber for GC-ECD determination yielded the limits of detection of 3.6-8.6 ng L(-1) and exhibited good linearity of the calibration functions (r(2)>0.995). The precision (RSD%, n=4) for peak area and retention time at the 500 ng L(-1) level was 6.9-8.8% and 0.6-0.9%, respectively. The developed method was successfully applied for the analysis of real samples including local river water, wastewater, and milk samples. The recovery of the PBDEs at 500 ng L(-1) spiked in these samples ranged from 90 to 119%. No PBDEs were detected in the river water and skimmed milk samples, whereas in the wastewater sample, 134-215 ng L(-1) of PBDEs were found. The PBDEs were detected in all whole fat milk samples, ranging from 13 to 484 ng L(-1). In a semiskimmed milk sample, only BDE-47 was found at 21 ng L(-1). Descriptors Animals, Cattle, Chromatography, Gas/methods, Food Contamination/analysis, Hydrocarbons, Brominated/analysis, Milk/chemistry, Nanotubes, Carbon, Phenyl Ethers/analysis, Solid Phase Microextraction/instrumentation/methods, Water Pollutants, Chemical/analysis Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Wang,J. X., Jiang,D. Q., Gu,Z. Y., Yan,X. P. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20061020 PMCID Editors
Quantification of flavor-related compounds in the unburned contents of bidi and clove cigarettes	2006	Division of Laboratory Sciences, Emergency Response and Air Toxicants Branch, National Center for Environmental Health, U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30341-3719, USA. sstanfill@cdc.gov	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry Periodical, Abbrev. J.Agric.Food Chem. Pub Date Free Form 1-Nov Volume 54 Issue 22 Start Page 8580 Other Pages 8588 Notes LR: 20151119; JID: 0374755; 0 (Flavoring Agents); ppublish Place of Publication United States ISSN/ISBN 0021-8561; 0021-8561 Accession Number PMID: 17061837 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; IM DOI 10.1021/jf060733o [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 17061837 Abstract Bidi cigarettes, small hand-rolled cigarettes produced primarily in India, are sold in the United States in a wide variety of candy-like flavors (e.g. dewberry, chocolate, clove) and are popular with adolescents. Many flavored bidis contain high concentrations of compounds such as eugenol, anethole, methyleugenol, pulegone, and estragole; several of these compounds have known toxic or carcinogenic properties. Clove cigarettes, or kreteks, are another highly flavored tobacco product with high levels of eugenol due to clove buds present in the tobacco filler. In this study, compounds in the burnable portion-the filler and wrapper material actually consumed during the smoking of bidis, kreteks, and U.S. cigarettes-were analyzed. Flavor-related compounds were solvent extracted from the burnable portion of each cigarette with methanol. An aliquot of the methanol extract was heated, and the sample headspace was sampled with a solid-phase microextraction fiber and introduced into a gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer for analysis in selected-ion monitoring mode. High levels of eugenol were detected in five clove-flavored bidi brands ranging from 78.6 to 7130 microg/cigarette (microg/cig), whereas diphenyl ether (128-3550 microg/cig) and methyl anthranilate (154-2360 microg/cig) were found in one grape-flavored bidi brand. A nontobacco herbal bidi brand contained the greatest variety of compounds, including anethole (489-665 microg/cig), eugenol (1670-2470 microg/cig), methyleugenol (27.7-36.6 microg/cig), safrole (32.4-34.4 microg/cig), myristicin (170-247 microg/cig), and elemicin (101-109 microg/cig). Filler from kreteks was found to contain high levels of eugenol, anethole, and coumarin. Flavored bidis and clove cigarettes contain a number of compounds that are present at levels far exceeding those reported in U.S. cigarette tobacco. Research is underway to determine the levels of these compounds delivered in smoke. It is not known what effect inhalation of these compounds has on smokers. Descriptors Filtration, Fires, Flavoring Agents/analysis/chemistry, Mass Spectrometry, Reproducibility of Results, Syzygium/chemistry, Tobacco/chemistry Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Stanfill,S. B., Brown,C. R., Yan,X. J., Watson,C. H., Ashley,D. L. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Utility of multiple chemical techniques in archaeological residential mobility studies: case studies from Tiwanaku- and Chiribaya-affiliated sites in the Andes	2007	Center for Bioarchaeological Research, School of Human Evolution and Social Change, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287, USA. kelly.knudson@asu.edu	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full American Journal of Physical Anthropology Periodical, Abbrev. Am.J.Phys.Anthropol. Pub Date Free Form Jan Volume 132 Issue 1 Start Page 25 Other Pages 39 Notes CI: (c) 2006; JID: 0400654; 0 (Oxygen Isotopes); 0 (Strontium Radioisotopes); 0 (Trace Elements); ppublish Place of Publication United States ISSN/ISBN 0002-9483; 0002-9483 Accession Number PMID: 17063464 Language eng SubFile Comparative Study; Historical Article; Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.; IM DOI 10.1002/ajpa.20480 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 17063464 Abstract In the south central Andes, archaeologists have long debated the extent of Tiwanaku colonization during the Middle Horizon (AD 500-1000). We tested the hypotheses regarding the nature of Tiwanaku influence using strontium isotope, trace element concentration, and oxygen isotope data from archaeological human tooth enamel and bone from Tiwanaku- and Chiribaya-affiliated sites in the south central Andes. Strontium isotope analysis of 25 individuals buried at the Tiwanaku-affiliated Moquegua Valley site of Chen Chen demonstrates that it was likely a Tiwanaku colony. In contrast, no immigrants from the Lake Titicaca Basin were present in 27 individuals analyzed from the San Pedro de Atacama cemeteries of Coyo Oriental, Coyo-3, and Solcor-3; it is likely that these sites represent economic and religious alliances, but not colonies. However, strontium isotope analysis alone cannot distinguish movement between the Tiwanaku- and Chiribaya-affiliated sites in the Moquegua and Ilo Valleys of southern Peru. Analyzing oxygen isotope and trace element concentration data and comparing it with strontium isotope data from the same individuals provides a more detailed picture of residential mobility in the Tiwanaku and Chiribaya polities. In addition to monitoring diagenetic contamination, trace element concentration data identified movement during adulthood for certain individuals. However, these data could not distinguish movement between the Moquegua and Ilo Valleys. While oxygen isotope data could clearly distinguish the high-altitude sites from others, more data is needed to characterize the local oxygen isotope ratios of these regions. These data demonstrate the potential for archaeological reconstruction of residential mobility through multiple lines of evidence. Descriptors Adult, Archaeology/methods, Bolivia, Bone and Bones/chemistry, Chile, Geography, Geology, History, Medieval, Humans, Indians, South American/history, Mass Spectrometry, Middle Aged, Oxygen Isotopes/analysis, Peru, Population Dynamics, Spectrophotometry, Atomic, Strontium Radioisotopes/analysis, Tooth/chemistry, Trace Elements/analysis Links Book Title Database Publisher Wiley-Liss, Inc Data Source Authors Knudson,K. J., Price,T. D. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Pilot study on the presence of Legionella spp in 6 Italian cities' dental units	2006	Dip. di Scienze Biomediche ed Oncologia Umana, Sezione di Igiene, Universita degli Studi di Bari. montagna@igiene.uniba.it	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Annali di Igiene : Medicina Preventiva e di Comunita Periodical, Abbrev. Ann.Ig. Pub Date Free Form Jul-Aug Volume 18 Issue 4 Start Page 297 Other Pages 303 Notes LR: 20061115; JID: 9002865; ppublish Place of Publication Italy ISSN/ISBN 1120-9135; 1120-9135 Accession Number PMID: 17063628 Language ita SubFile Comparative Study; English Abstract; Evaluation Studies; Journal Article; IM DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 17063628 Abstract Among the microorganism involved in environmental contamination, Legionella spp is actually considered an important infectious hazard. The aim of this study is to evaluate the incidence of Legionella spp in water samples collected from 138 dental unit selected from public outpatient clinics of 6 Italian cities. The samples were taken from oral rinsing cup, air-water syringe, ultrasonic scaler and the turbine to investigate Legionella spp, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and the total heterotrophic count at 36 degrees and 22 degrees. Legionella spp was present in 33,3% dental unit water; but a significant difference was shown among the enrolled cities. In 43,5% of water sample Legionella concentration was 1.000-10.000 CFU/L and in 30,4% was >10.000 CFU/L. L. pneumophila 1 was found in 23,9% of water samples. The results demonstrate that the concentration of Legionella spp in dental unit water lines could be high and this suggests that the exposure to these micoorganism during the dental practise could be a potential health risk both for dental personnel and for the patients too, especially when immunocompromised. Descriptors Colony Count, Microbial, Dental Clinics, Dental Equipment/microbiology, Environmental Pollution, Humans, Italy, Legionella/isolation & purification, Pilot Projects, Pseudomonas aeruginosa/isolation & purification, Water Microbiology Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Montagna,M. T., Tato,D., Napoli,C., Castiglia,P., Guidetti,L., Liguori,G., Petti,S., Tanzi,M. L., Gruppo di Lavoro SItI L'Igiene in Odontoiatria Original/Translated Title Studio pilota sulla presenza di Legionella spp nei riuniti odontoiatrici di 6 citta italiane URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Air pollution in Boston bars before and after a smoking ban	2006	Department of Public Health and Family Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02111, USA. repace@comcast.net	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full BMC public health Periodical, Abbrev. BMC Public Health Pub Date Free Form 27-Oct Volume 6 Issue Start Page 266 Other Pages Notes LR: 20140907; JID: 100968562; 0 (Air Pollutants, Occupational); 0 (Polycyclic Hydrocarbons, Aromatic); 0 (Tobacco Smoke Pollution); OID: NLM: PMC1637107; 2006/04/28 [received]; 2006/10/27 [accepted]; 2006/10/27 [aheadofprint]; epublish Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1471-2458; 1471-2458 Accession Number PMID: 17069654 Language eng SubFile Evaluation Studies; Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 1471-2458-6-266 [pii] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 17069654 Abstract BACKGROUND: We quantified the air quality benefits of a smoke-free workplace law in Boston Massachusetts, U.S.A., by measuring air pollution from secondhand smoke (SHS) in 7 pubs before and after the law, comparing actual ventilation practices to engineering society (ASHRAE) recommendations, and assessing SHS levels using health and comfort indices. METHODS: We performed real-time measurements of respirable particle (RSP) air pollution and particulate polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PPAH), in 7 pubs and outdoors in a model-based design yielding air exchange rates for RSP removal. We also assessed ventilation rates from carbon dioxide concentrations. We compared RSP air pollution to the federal Air Quality Index (AQI) and the National Ambient Air Quality Standard (NAAQS) to assess health risks, and assessed odor and irritation levels using published SHS-RSP thresholds. RESULTS: Pre-smoking-ban RSP levels in 6 pubs (one pub with a non-SHS air quality problem was excluded) averaged 179 microg/m3, 23 times higher than post-ban levels, which averaged 7.7 microg/m3, exceeding the NAAQS for fine particle pollution (PM2.5) by nearly 4-fold. Pre-smoking ban levels of fine particle air pollution in all 7 of the pubs were in the Unhealthy to Hazardous range of the AQI. In the same 6 pubs, pre-ban indoor carcinogenic PPAH averaged 61.7 ng/m3, nearly 10 times higher than post-ban levels of 6.32 ng/m3. Post-ban particulate air pollution levels were in the Good AQI range, except for 1 venue with a defective gas-fired deep-fat fryer, while post-ban carcinogen levels in all 7 pubs were lower than outdoors. CONCLUSION: During smoking, although pub ventilation rates per occupant were within ASHRAE design parameters for the control of carbon dioxide levels for the number of occupants present, they failed to control SHS carcinogens or RSP. Nonsmokers' SHS odor and irritation sensory thresholds were massively exceeded. Post-ban air pollution measurements showed 90% to 95% reductions in PPAH and RSP respectively, differing little from outdoor concentrations. Ventilation failed to control SHS, leading to increased risk of the diseases of air pollution for nonsmoking workers and patrons. Boston's smoking ban eliminated this risk. Descriptors Air Movements, Air Pollutants, Occupational/analysis, Air Pollution, Indoor/analysis/legislation & jurisprudence/prevention & control, Boston, Environmental Monitoring/methods, Guidelines as Topic, Humans, Occupational Exposure/legislation & jurisprudence/prevention & control, Polycyclic Hydrocarbons, Aromatic/analysis, Program Evaluation, Public Policy, Restaurants/legislation & jurisprudence, Risk Assessment, Smoking/legislation & jurisprudence/prevention & control, Tobacco Smoke Pollution/analysis/legislation & jurisprudence/prevention & control, Ventilation/standards Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Repace,J. L., Hyde,J. N., Brugge,D. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20061027 PMCID PMC1637107 Editors
Relationship between smoking and folic acid, vitamin B12 and some haematological variables in patients with chronic periodontal disease	2006	Periodontology Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Kirikkale University, Kirikkale, Turkey. olgun_ebru@yahoo.com	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Journal of clinical periodontology Periodical, Abbrev. J.Clin.Periodontol. Pub Date Free Form Dec Volume 33 Issue 12 Start Page 878 Other Pages 884 Notes LR: 20131121; JID: 0425123; 0 (Hemoglobins); 935E97BOY8 (Folic Acid); P6YC3EG204 (Vitamin B 12); ppublish Place of Publication Denmark ISSN/ISBN 0303-6979; 0303-6979 Accession Number PMID: 17092240 Language eng SubFile Comparative Study; Journal Article; D; IM DOI CPE1003 [pii] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 17092240 Abstract AIM: The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between cigarette smoking and the serum levels of folic acid, vitamin B(12) and some haematological variables in patients with periodontal disease. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The study base consisted of 88 volunteer patients with periodontal disease, including 45 current smokers in the age range 31-68 years and 43 non-smokers in the range 32-66 years. The clinical parameters included plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), bleeding on probing (BOP), probing depth (PD) and clinical attachment loss (CAL). Folic acid, vitamin B(12) and haematological variables were determined from peripheral blood samples. RESULTS: PI, PD and CAL means were significantly higher in smokers than non-smokers (p<0.05). The serum folic acid concentration of smokers was lower than that of non-smokers (p<0.05), whereas the white blood cell count was higher in smokers than in non-smokers (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: The results of this study suggest that among patients with periodontal disease the serum folic acid concentration is lower in smokers compared with non-smokers. Descriptors Adult, Aged, Blood Cell Count, Chronic Disease, Dental Plaque Index, Female, Folic Acid/blood, Gingival Hemorrhage/classification, Gingivitis/classification, Hemoglobins/analysis, Humans, Leukocyte Count, Male, Middle Aged, Periodontal Attachment Loss/classification, Periodontal Diseases/blood/classification, Periodontal Index, Periodontal Pocket/classification, Smoking/blood, Vitamin B 12/blood Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Erdemir,E. O., Bergstrom,J. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Studies on commuters' exposure to BTEX in passenger cars in Kolkata, India	2007	Department of Chemistry, University College of Science Technology and Agriculture, 92, A. P. C. Road, Kolkata 700 009, India.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full The Science of the total environment Periodical, Abbrev. Sci.Total Environ. Pub Date Free Form 1-Jan Volume 372 Issue 3-Feb Start Page 426 Other Pages 432 Notes LR: 20131121; JID: 0330500; 0 (Air Pollutants); 0 (Benzene Derivatives); 0 (Petroleum); 0 (Vehicle Emissions); 0 (Xylenes); 3FPU23BG52 (Toluene); J64922108F (Benzene); 2006/04/28 [received]; 2006/09/07 [revised]; 2006/09/19 [accepted]; 2006/11/17 [aheadof Place of Publication Netherlands ISSN/ISBN 0048-9697; 0048-9697 Accession Number PMID: 17113131 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI S0048-9697(06)00736-4 [pii] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 17113131 Abstract Commuters' exposure to volatile organic compounds (VOCs) especially BTEX travelling in passenger cars in Kolkata, India were quantified in Phase I (2001-2002) and Phase II (2003-2004). Monitoring was made inside and in the immediate outside of passenger cars fitted with and without catalytic converters using different types of fuels, along two congested urban routes. During Phase I of the study, the benzene content in gasoline was 5% and the mean concentration of in-vehicle benzene in cars without catalytic converter was found to be as high as 721.2 microg/m3. In Phase II when the benzene content was reduced to <3% and with modified engine type, the mean in-vehicle benzene concentration was reduced to 112.4 microg/m3. The in-vehicle concentration varied with engine type and age of the vehicle. Roadside ambient mean concentration of benzene was 214.8 microg/m3 and 30.8 microg/m3 in Phase I and Phase II respectively. Descriptors Air Pollutants/analysis, Air Pollution, Indoor, Analysis of Variance, Automobiles, Benzene/analysis, Benzene Derivatives/analysis, Cities, Environmental Exposure, Humans, India, Petroleum, Toluene/analysis, Vehicle Emissions/analysis, Volatilization, Xylenes/analysis Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Som,D., Dutta,C., Chatterjee,A., Mallick,D., Jana,T. K., Sen,S. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20061117 PMCID Editors
Short segment Barrett's esophagus and distal gastric intestinal metaplasia	2006	Department of Endoscopy and Pathology, "Hospital Nossa Senhora da Conceicao" and "Hospital de Clinicas", Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Arquivos de Gastroenterologia Periodical, Abbrev. Arq.Gastroenterol. Pub Date Free Form Apr-Jun Volume 43 Issue 2 Start Page 117 Other Pages 120 Notes JID: 15310600R; 2005/08/31 [received]; 2006/01/04 [accepted]; ppublish Place of Publication Brazil ISSN/ISBN 0004-2803; 0004-2803 Accession Number PMID: 17119666 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; IM DOI S0004-28032006000200011 [pii] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 17119666 Abstract BACKGROUND: Short segment Barrett's esophagus is defined by the presence of <3 cm of columnar-appearing mucosa in the distal esophagus with intestinal metaplasia on histophatological examination. Barrett's esophagus is a risk factor to develop adenocarcinoma of the esophagus. While Barrett's esophagus develops as a result of chronic gastroesophageal reflux disease, intestinal metaplasia in the gastric cardia is a consequence of chronic Helicobacter pylori infection and is associated with distal gastric intestinal metaplasia. It can be difficult to determine whether short-segment columnar epithelium with intestinal metaplasia are lining the esophagus (a condition called short segment Barrett's esophagus) or the proximal stomach (a condition called intestinal metaplasia of the gastric cardia). AIMS: To study the association of short segment Barrett's esophagus (length <3 cm) with gastric intestinal metaplasia (antrum or body) and infection by H. pylori. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Eight-nine patients with short segment columnar-appearing mucosa in the esophagus, length <3 cm, were studied. Symptoms of gastroesophageal reflux disease were recorded. Biopsies were obtained immediately below the squamous-columnar lining, from gastric antrum and gastric corpus for investigation of intestinal metaplasia and H. pylori. RESULTS: Forty-two from 89 (47.2%) patients were diagnosed with esophageal intestinal metaplasia by histopathology. The mean-age was significantly higher in the group with esophageal intestinal metaplasia. The two groups were similar in terms of gender (male: female), gastroesophageal reflux disease symptoms and H. pylori infection. Gastric intestinal metaplasia (antrum or body) was diagnosed in 21 from 42 (50.0%) patients in the group with esophageal intestinal metaplasia and 7 from 47 (14.9%) patients in the group with esophageal columnar appearing mucosa but without intestinal metaplasia. CONCLUSION: Intestinal metaplasia is a frequent finding in patients with <3 cm of columnar-appearing mucosa in the distal esophagus. In the present study, short segment intestinal metaplasia in the esophagus is associated with distal gastric intestinal metaplasia. Gastroesophageal reflux disease symptoms and H. pylori infection did not differ among the two groups studied. Descriptors Barrett Esophagus/complications/pathology, Biopsy, Cardia/pathology, Esophagoscopy, Female, Gastritis/microbiology/pathology, Gastroesophageal Reflux/complications/pathology, Helicobacter Infections/complications/pathology, Humans, Intestines/pathology, Male, Metaplasia/pathology, Middle Aged, Stomach/pathology Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Dietz,J., Chaves-E-Silva,S., Meurer,L., Sekine,S., de Souza,A. R., Meine,G. C. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors

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