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Title	Pub Year	Author	SearchLink Sort ascending
The calcineurin inhibitor cyclosporin A exhibits synergism with antifungals against Candida parapsilosis species complex	2014	Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, School of Medicine, Postgraduate Program in Medical Microbiology and Specialized Medical Mycology Center, Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza, Ceara, Brazil Department of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Journal of medical microbiology Periodical, Abbrev. J.Med.Microbiol. Pub Date Free Form Jul Volume 63 Issue Pt 7 Start Page 936 Other Pages 944 Notes LR: 20141120; CI: (c) 2014; JID: 0224131; 0 (Antifungal Agents); 0 (Echinocandins); 0 (Pyrimidines); 0 (Triazoles); 7XU7A7DROE (Amphotericin B); 83HN0GTJ6D (Cyclosporine); F0XDI6ZL63 (caspofungin); JFU09I87TR (Voriconazole); 2014/04/10 [aheadofprint]; ppu Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1473-5644; 0022-2615 Accession Number PMID: 24722799 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.1099/jmm.0.073478-0 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 24722799 Abstract Candida parapsilosis complex comprises three closely related species, C. parapsilosis sensu stricto, Candida metapsilosis and Candida orthopsilosis. In the last decade, antifungal resistance to azoles and caspofungin among C. parapsilosis sensu lato strains has been considered a matter of concern worldwide. In the present study, we evaluated the synergistic potential of antifungals and the calcineurin inhibitor cyclosporin A (Cys) against planktonic and biofilms of C. parapsilosis complex from clinical sources. Susceptibility assays with amphotericin, fluconazole, voriconazole, caspofungin and Cys were performed by microdilution in accordance with Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute guidelines. Synergy testing against planktonic cells of C. parapsilosis sensu lato strains was assessed by the chequerboard method. Combinations formed by antifungals with Cys were evaluated against mature biofilms in microtitre plates. No differences in the antifungal susceptibility pattern among species were observed, but C. parapsilosis sensu stricto strains were more susceptible to Cys than C. orthopsilosis and C. metapsilosis. Synergism between antifungals and Cys was observed in C. parapsilosis sensu lato strains. Combinations formed by antifungals and Cys were able to prevent biofilm formation and showed an inhibitory effect against mature biofilms of C. parapsilosis sensu stricto, C. metapsilosis and C. orthopsilosis. These results strengthen the potential of calcineurin inhibition as a promising approach to enhance the efficiency of antifungal drugs. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher The Authors Data Source Authors Cordeiro Rde,A., Macedo Rde,B., Teixeira,C.E., Marques,F.J., Bandeira Tde,J., Moreira,J.L., Brilhante,R.S., Rocha,M.F., Sidrim,J.J. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20140410 PMCID Editors
Dual tobacco user subtypes in the U.S. Air Force: dependence, attitudes, and other correlates of use	2014	School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA;; Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN;; Division of Primary Care Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clini	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco Periodical, Abbrev. Nicotine Tob.Res. Pub Date Free Form Sep Volume 16 Issue 9 Start Page 1216 Other Pages 1223 Notes LR: 20160701; CI: (c) The Author 2014; GR: CA141567/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States; GR: CA141567-04S1/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States; GR: CA141661/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States; GR: DA036510/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States; GR: DA036510-S2/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1469-994X; 1462-2203 Accession Number PMID: 24721813 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.1093/ntr/ntu056 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 24721813 Abstract INTRODUCTION: To describe the characteristics associated with patterns of daily and dual tobacco use among U.S. Air Force (USAF) personnel transitioning from basic military training to technical training. METHODS: Cross-sectional survey of USAF personnel in Technical Training School at Lackland Air Force Base (N = 8,956, response rate: 73%). Logistic regression analyzed the association of predictor variables between daily smokers, daily smokeless tobacco (ST) users, daily smokers who used ST nondaily, daily ST users who smoked cigarettes nondaily, and daily users of both cigarettes and ST. RESULTS: Compared to daily smokers, participants who were daily smokers/nondaily ST users were more likely to be male, would use ST and multiple forms of tobacco in the future, reported more friends using ST and cigarettes, and were more susceptible to tobacco advertising. Compared to daily ST users, daily ST users/nondaily cigarette users were more likely to live in the Midwest, would use multiple forms of tobacco in the future, reported more friends smoked cigarettes and used ST, and were more likely to try a product that claimed to be safer than cigarettes. Daily users of both cigarettes and ST were significantly more likely to be nicotine dependent than daily smokers/nondaily ST users and daily ST users/nondaily smokers. CONCLUSIONS: Dual users are heterogeneous groups of tobacco users who are at high risk for continued tobacco use. Daily users of both cigarettes and ST have higher levels of nicotine dependence, even when compared to other dual users. Specific interventions targeted at dual users are needed in this increasingly prevalent and high-risk population. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher . Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco Data Source Authors Kram,Y., Klesges,R.C., Ebbert,J.O., Talcott,W., Neilands,T.B., Ling,P.M. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20140410 PMCID PMC4184397 Editors
The relation of self-esteem and illegal drug usage in high school students	2013	Department of Social Medicine, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, IR Iran.; Addiction Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, IR Iran.; Sarakhs Health Network, Mashhad University of Medical Scien	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Iranian Red Crescent medical journal Periodical, Abbrev. Iran.Red Crescent Med.J. Pub Date Free Form Nov Volume 15 Issue 11 Start Page e7682 Other Pages Notes LR: 20140414; JID: 101319850; OID: NLM: PMC3971778; OTO: NOTNLM; 2012/08/10 [received]; 2013/08/23 [revised]; 2013/09/18 [accepted]; 2013/11/05 [epublish]; ppublish Place of Publication United Arab Emirates ISSN/ISBN 2074-1804; 2074-1804 Accession Number PMID: 24719686 Language eng SubFile Journal Article DOI 10.5812/ircmj.7682 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 24719686 Abstract BACKGROUND: Adolescence is the period of stress and strain. Researchers have shown that adolescents without strong social supports would have tendency towards smoking and drug abuse. OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between low self-esteem and illegal drug abuse. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Participants were 943 grades nine to 12 high school students, from Sarakhs during 2010 - 2011. Adolescents participated in the study, completed two self-report questionnaires. The first questionnaire included questions about individual and family information, smoking and illegal drug abuse history, and the second was the Rosenberg's self-esteem scale. RESULTS: 53.8% of participants were male (507 individuals). The mean Rosenberg self-esteem score was 19.8 + 5.2, and the most frequent obtained scores were from 22 to 30. The difference of Rosenberg self-esteem score test between students who did not use any substance and those who had a history of smoking or drug abuse like heroin, pills, alcohols, betel nut (Nas) and other drugs (such as Pan and Hookah) was significant (P Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Khajehdaluee,M., Zavar,A., Alidoust,M., Pourandi,R. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20131105 PMCID PMC3971778 Editors
Fallacies about water pipe use in Turkish university students - what might be the consequences?	2014	Department of Family Medicine, Kocaeli University Faculty of Medicine, Kocaeli, Turkey E-mail : ndede@sakarya.edu.tr.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention : APJCP Periodical, Abbrev. Asian Pac.J.Cancer.Prev. Pub Date Free Form Volume 15 Issue 5 Start Page 1977 Other Pages 1980 Notes LR: 20151119; JID: 101130625; 6M3C89ZY6R (Nicotine); ppublish Place of Publication Thailand ISSN/ISBN 1513-7368; 1513-7368 Accession Number PMID: 24716921 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; IM DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 24716921 Abstract BACKGROUND: The popularity of the narghile waterpipe, also referred to as hookah, shisha or hubble-bubble has increased tremendously during the past few decades. The aim of this study was to expose perception of narghile among a representative sample of university students in Sakarya University campus. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Written approval was taken from the local education authority. An anonymous questionnaire which was prepared by the investigators and contained 17 questions was administered. Nine of the questions were related to socio-demographic characteristics and eight were related to the students harm perceptions about waterpipe. A total of 1,320 questionnaries were received and after preliminary evaluation 1,255 (95.7%) were found to be suitable for evaluation. The data was evaluated in SPSS program by using percentages and averages. RESULTS: The mean +/- SD age of the students was 20.8 +/- 2.29 years (min 18, max 32). There were 864 (68.8%) females and 391 (31.2%) males. A total of 6.3 % of the students (n=79) believed that waterpipe is not harmful because its smoke does not burn the lungs. Almost one-third (n=318) think that the carcinogenic chemicals are filtered while waterpipe smoke passes from the water; 12.1 % of the students (n=152) checked "true" for the statement of "waterpipe smoke contains no nicotine". It is seen that 14.0 % of the students (n=176) think waterpipe with fruit/ aroma is healthier than plain waterpipe. CONCLUSIONS: As a result of this study, it is found out that a substantial number of university students have false beliefs on harmful effects of waterpipe smoking. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Alvur,M.T., Cinar,N., Akduran,F., Dede,C. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Effectiveness of an intervention program on knowledge of oral cancer among the youth of Jazan, Saudi Arabia	2014	Faculty of Dentistry, Jazan U niversity, Jazan, Saudi Arabia E-mail : faeq_ali@yahoo.com.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention : APJCP Periodical, Abbrev. Asian Pac.J.Cancer.Prev. Pub Date Free Form Volume 15 Issue 5 Start Page 1913 Other Pages 1918 Notes LR: 20151119; JID: 101130625; ppublish Place of Publication Thailand ISSN/ISBN 1513-7368; 1513-7368 Accession Number PMID: 24716911 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; IM DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 24716911 Abstract BACKGROUND: The study is the first of its kind to be conducted in Saudi Arabia (KSA), aiming to analyze the effectiveness of an intervention program in improving the knowledge of oral cancer among the youth. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 1,051 young Saudis (57% males and 43% females with a mean age of 20.4 +/- 1.98) were selected using multi-stage cluster sampling. Knowledge assessment was accomplished using a closed-ended questionnaire which was subjected to reliability tests. Prevalence of risk factors in relation to gender was analyzed using the chi-squared test. Effectiveness was calculated by comparing the pre- and post-intervention means, using the two-tailed paired t-test. Multiple logistic regression was employed in order to determine factors associated with awareness of risk habits, signs/symptoms and prevention of oral cancer. The significance level in this study was set at 0.05. RESULTS: Females were seen to be more into the habit of sheesha smoking (3.3% rather than the use of other forms of risk factors. Prevalence of diverse risk factors such as cigarette smoking (20%), sheesha (15.3%), khat (27%) and shamma (9%) was seen among males. Gender and the use of modifiable risk factors among the study sample were significantly (p Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Quadri,M.F., Saleh,S.M., Alsanosy,R., Abdelwahab,S.I., Tobaigy,F.M., Maryoud,M., Al-Hebshi,N. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Proactive tobacco treatment for low income smokers: study protocol of a randomized controlled trial	2014	VA HSR&D Center for Chronic Disease Outcomes Research, Minneapolis VA Health Care System, 1 Veterans Drive (152), Minneapolis, MN 55417, USA. Steven.Fu@va.gov.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full BMC public health Periodical, Abbrev. BMC Public Health Pub Date Free Form 9-Apr Volume 14 Issue Start Page 337 Other Pages 2458-14-337 Notes LR: 20150806; ClinicalTrials.gov/NCT01123967; GR: 1R01CA141527-01/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States; GR: R01 CA141527/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States; JID: 100968562; OID: NLM: PMC3995758; 2014/03/27 [received]; 2014/04/02 [accepted]; 2014/04/09 [aheadofprint]; e Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1471-2458; 1471-2458 Accession Number PMID: 24716466 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; IM DOI 10.1186/1471-2458-14-337 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 24716466 Abstract BACKGROUND: There is a high prevalence of smoking and high burden of tobacco-related diseases among low-income populations. Effective, evidenced-based smoking cessation treatments are available, but low-income smokers are less likely than higher-income smokers to use these treatments, especially the most comprehensive forms that include a combination of pharmacotherapy and intensive behavioral counseling. METHODS/DESIGN: The primary objectives of this randomized controlled trial are to compare the effects of a proactive tobacco treatment intervention compared to usual care on population-level smoking abstinence rates and tobacco treatment utilization rates among a diverse population of low-income smokers, and to determine the cost-effectiveness of proactive tobacco treatment intervention. The proactive care intervention systematically offers low-income smokers free and easy access to evidence-based treatments and has two primary components: (1) proactive outreach to current smokers in the form of mailed invitation materials and telephone calls containing targeted health messages, and (2) facilitated access to free, comprehensive, evidence-based tobacco cessation treatments in the form of NRT and intensive, telephone-based behavioral counseling. The study aims to include a population-based sample (N = 2500) of adult smokers enrolled in the Minnesota Health Care Programs (MHCP), a state-funded health insurance plan for low-income persons. Baseline data is obtained from MHCP administrative databases and a participant survey that is conducted prior to randomization. Outcome data is collected from a follow-up survey conducted 12 months after randomization and MHCP administrative data. The primary outcome is six-month prolonged smoking abstinence at one year and is assessed at the population level. All randomized individuals are asked to complete the follow-up survey, regardless of whether they participated in tobacco treatment. Data analysis of the primary aims will follow intent-to-treat methodology. DISCUSSION: There is a critical need to increase access to effective tobacco dependence treatments. This randomized trial evaluates the effects of proactive outreach coupled with free NRT and telephone counseling on the population impact of tobacco dependence treatment. If proven to be effective and cost-effective, national dissemination of proactive treatment approaches would reduce tobacco-related morbidity, mortality, and health care costs for low income Americans. CLINICAL TRIALS REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT01123967. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Fu,S.S., van Ryn,M., Burgess,D.J., Nelson,D., Clothier,B., Thomas,J.L., Nyman,J.A., Joseph,A.M. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20140409 PMCID PMC3995758 Editors
The frequency of shisha (waterpipe) smoking in students of different age groups	2014	Department of Medicine, Ziauddin University, Karachi.; Department of Medicine, Ziauddin University, Karachi.; Department of Medicine, Ziauddin University, Karachi.; Department of Medicine, Ziauddin University, Karachi.; Department of Medicine, Ziauddin Un	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Journal of the College of Physicians and Surgeons--Pakistan : JCPSP Periodical, Abbrev. J.Coll.Physicians Surg.Pak. Pub Date Free Form Apr Volume 24 Issue 4 Start Page 265 Other Pages 268 Notes LR: 20151119; JID: 9606447; 059QF0KO0R (Water); 2013/02/19 [received]; 2014/01/28 [accepted]; ppublish Place of Publication Pakistan ISSN/ISBN 1681-7168; 1022-386X Accession Number PMID: 24709241 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; IM DOI 04.2014/JCPSP.265268 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 24709241 Abstract OBJECTIVE: To determine the frequency of waterpipe smoking in students of different age groups. STUDY DESIGN: Cross-sectional survey. PLACE AND DURATION OF STUDY: Karachi, Pakistan, from February 2012 to February 2013. METHODOLOGY: The subjects were divided into two age groups. Group-I comprised of 13 - 17 years old randomly selected students from O' Level schools in Karachi and group-2 included 23 - 27 years old undergraduate and postgraduate students again randomly selected from various institutions in Karachi. A questionnaire was filled with prior consent, basic education on waterpipe smoking was given, and all the questions of the survey form were explained to the subjects according to context. RESULTS: In group-1, 39% students smoked waterpipe. Most students had been smoking waterpipe for the last 2 years. In group-2, 48% individuals smoked waterpipe, majority of smokers indulged in the last 5 years and among them, most were falling within the last 2 years. CONCLUSION: The frequency of waterpipe smoking in teenage students was 39% and older students for 48%. Social and recreational use of waterpipes is widespread among both groups despite being acknowledged by majority as a health hazard. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Basir,F., Khan,M.S., Ahmed,B., Farooq,W., Virji,R.N. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Time trends of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon exposure in New York City from 2001 to 2012: assessed by repeat air and urine samples	2014	Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care of Medicine, Department of Medicine, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, PH8E-101, 630W. 168 Street, New York, NY 10032, United States.; Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Environmental research Periodical, Abbrev. Environ.Res. Pub Date Free Form May Volume 131 Issue Start Page 95 Other Pages 103 Notes LR: 20150806; CI: Copyright (c) 2014; GR: P01 ES009600/ES/NIEHS NIH HHS/United States; GR: P01ES09600/ES/NIEHS NIH HHS/United States; GR: P30 ES009089/ES/NIEHS NIH HHS/United States; GR: P30ES09089/ES/NIEHS NIH HHS/United States; GR: P50 ES015905/ES/NIEHS Place of Publication United States ISSN/ISBN 1096-0953; 0013-9351 Accession Number PMID: 24709094 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.; IM DOI 10.1016/j.envres.2014.02.017 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 24709094 Abstract BACKGROUND: Exposure to air pollutants including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), and specifically pyrene from combustion of fuel oil, coal, traffic and indoor sources, has been associated with adverse respiratory health outcomes. However, time trends of airborne PAH and metabolite levels detected via repeat measures over time have not yet been characterized. We hypothesized that PAH levels, measured repeatedly from residential indoor and outdoor monitors, and childrens urinary concentrations of PAH metabolites, would decrease following policy interventions to reduce traffic-related air pollution. METHODS: Indoor PAH (particle- and gas-phase) were collected for two weeks prenatally (n=98), at age 5/6 years (n=397) and age 9/10 years (n=198) since 2001 and at all three age-points (n=27). Other traffic-related air pollutants (black carbon and PM2.5) were monitored indoors simultaneous with PAH monitoring at ages 5/6 (n=403) and 9/10 (n=257) between 2005 and 2012. One third of the homes were selected across seasons for outdoor PAH, BC and PM2.5 sampling. Using the same sampling method, ambient PAH, BC and PM2.5 also were monitored every two weeks at a central site between 2007 and 2012. PAH were analyzed as semivolatile PAH (e.g., pyrene; MW 178-206) ( summation operator8PAH(semivolatile): Including pyrene (PYR), phenanthrene (PHEN), 1-methylphenanthrene (1-MEPH), 2-methylphenanthrene (2-MEPH), 3-methylphenanthrene (3-MEPH), 9-methylphenanthrene (9-MEPH), 1,7-dimethylphenanthrene (1,7-DMEPH), and 3,6-dimethylphenanthrene (3,6-DMEPH)) and the sum of eight nonvolatile PAH ( summation operator8PAH(nonvolatile): Including benzo[a]anthracene (BaA), chrysene/iso-chrysene (Chry), benzo[b]fluoranthene (BbFA), benzo[k]fluoranthene (BkFA), benzo[a]pyrene (BaP), indeno[1,2,3-c,d]pyrene (IP), dibenzo[a,h]anthracene (DahA), and benzo[g,h,i]perylene (BghiP); MW 228-278). A spot urine sample was collected from children at child ages 3, 5, 7 and 9 between 2001 and 2012 and analyzed for 10 PAH metabolites. RESULTS: Modest declines were detected in indoor BC and PM2.5 levels between 2005 and 2012 (Annual percent change [APC]=-2.08% [p=0.010] and -2.18% [p=0.059] for BC and PM2.5, respectively), while a trend of increasing pyrene levels was observed in indoor and outdoor samples, and at the central site during the comparable time periods (APC=4.81%, 3.77% and 7.90%, respectively; p Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Elsevier Inc Data Source Authors Jung,K.H., Liu,B., Lovinsky-Desir,S., Yan,B., Camann,D., Sjodin,A., Li,Z., Perera,F., Kinney,P., Chillrud,S., Miller,R.L. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20140405 PMCID PMC4031101 Editors
Harmful effects of shisha: literature review	2014	Dow Medical College, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan.; Dow Medical College, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan.; Dow Medical College, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan.; Dow Medical College, Dow Un	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full International archives of medicine Periodical, Abbrev. Int.Arch.Med. Pub Date Free Form 4-Apr Volume 7 Issue Start Page 16 Other Pages 7682-7-16. eCollection 2014 Notes LR: 20140624; JID: 101317943; OID: NLM: PMC4003490; 2014 [ecollection]; 2013/12/05 [received]; 2014/03/26 [accepted]; 2014/04/04 [epublish]; epublish Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1755-7682; 1755-7682 Accession Number PMID: 24708750 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Review DOI 10.1186/1755-7682-7-16 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 24708750 Abstract Tobacco is a preventable cause of morbidity and mortality across the world. A recently infamous way of smoking tobacco is shisha. Shisha smoking is also known as water pipe, hookah and Narghile smoking. The percentage of shisha smokers is on the rise rapidly spanning the globe. A literature review was conducted to identify all evidence on the epidemiological variations and health effects of shisha smoking. "Pub med" is used as a searching tool to identify all relevant empirical studies conducted worldwide. A qualitative overview of evidence is presented. Exposure to Shisha smoking is significantly associated with low infant weight, heart rate variations, hyperglycemia and hypertriglyceridemia. Increased risk of carcinoma is also leagued with it including carcinomas of the pancreas and lung being at the forefront. In conclusion, this review identifies grounds of several adverse conditions being associated with the habit of shisha smoking. It also evaluates the relevant epidemiological variations around the globe. The review culminates in the importance of enlightening shisha smokers regarding its deleterious effects. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Aslam,H.M., Saleem,S., German,S., Qureshi,W.A. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20140404 PMCID PMC4003490 Editors
Prevalence of the tobacco product dokha among high school students in Dubai	2014	1School of Life Sciences, Heriot Watt University , Dubai , United Arab Emirates.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Substance use & misuse Periodical, Abbrev. Subst.Use Misuse Pub Date Free Form Aug Volume 49 Issue 10 Start Page 1349 Other Pages 1352 Notes LR: 20151119; JID: 9602153; OTO: NOTNLM; 2014/04/07 [aheadofprint]; ppublish Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1532-2491; 1082-6084 Accession Number PMID: 24708427 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; IM DOI 10.3109/10826084.2014.901388 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 24708427 Abstract BACKGROUND: Dokha is a mixed tobacco product, smoked through a pipe, traditional in Arabic culture and popular in the UAE. User forums suggest this product may contain higher levels of nicotine and potentially psychoactive properties. However, there have been few published studies on dokha prevalence and health effects. The present study provides initial data on prevalence of use among high school students resident in Dubai, UAE. METHODS: 416 students were recruited from five English curriculum schools. Respondents completed a questionnaire measuring current and lifetime use of tobacco in the form of cigarettes, water-pipes and dokha. Current tobacco users completed the 'Hooked on Nicotine Checklist for signs of dependency. RESULTS: Data from 394 subjects were analyzed with mean age 16.9 years. Regular use (weekly or daily) of tobacco had relatively high prevalence (23.4%) compared to international data and was driven by use of the local tobacco, dokha. CONCLUSION: Dokha forms a commonly used tobacco product among young people in the UAE from both Arab and Western national groups. Little is currently known about the health and dependence risks of this product. The paper adds to the few studies calling for timely research into this and other emerging tobacco products. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Crookes,A., Wolff,K. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20140407 PMCID Editors

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