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WTS Database
The subject of interest is:
waterpipe, water-pipe, nargile, narghile, arguileh, arguile, shisha, sheesha, chichi, hubble bubble, hubbly bubbly, goza, hookah, bong
| Title | Pub Year | Author Sort descending | SearchLink |
|---|---|---|---|
| Bacaba beverage produced by Umutina Brazilian Amerindians: Microbiological and chemical characterization | 2015 | Departamento de Ciencia de Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras, MG, Brazil.; Departamento de Biologia, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras, MG, Brazil.; Departamento de Biologia, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras, MG, Brazil. | Read more... |
|
Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Brazilian journal of microbiology : [publication of the Brazilian Society for Microbiology]
Periodical, Abbrev.
Braz J.Microbiol.
Pub Date Free Form
Oct-Dec
Volume
46
Issue
4
Start Page
1207
Other Pages
1216
Notes
LR: 20160115; JID: 101095924; OID: NLM: PMC4704630; 2014/11/21 [received]; 2015/03/30 [accepted]; 2015/10/27 [aheadofprint]; ppublish
Place of Publication
Brazil
ISSN/ISBN
1678-4405; 1517-8382
Accession Number
PMID: 26691483
Language
eng
SubFile
Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM
DOI
10.1590/S1517-838246420140964 [doi]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
26691483
Abstract
Bacaba chicha is a beverage prepared by the indigenous Umutina people from the bacaba fruit (Oenocarpus bacaba), a purple berry that is rich in fat and carbohydrates, as well as a source of phenolic compounds. In this study, samples of bacaba chicha beverage were collected, and the microbial community was assessed using culture-dependent and -independent techniques. The nutritional composition and metabolite profiles were analyzed, and species belonging to lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and yeasts were detected. The LAB group detected by culture-dependent analysis included Enterococcus hormaechei and Leuconostoc lactis. Polymerase chain reaction and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (PCR-DGGE) detected additional Propionibacterium avidum, Acetobacter spp., and uncultured bacteria. Pichia caribbica and Pichia guilliermondii were detected in a culture-dependent method, and Pichia caribbica was confirmed by PCR-DGGE analysis. The pH value of the beverage was 6.2. The nutritional composition was as follows: 16.47 +/- 0.73 g 100 mL-1 dry matter, 2.2 +/- 0.0 g 100 mL-1 fat, 3.36 +/- 0.44 g 100 mL-1 protein, and 10.87 +/- 0.26 g 100 mL-1 carbohydrate. The metabolites detected were 2.69 g L-1 succinic acid, 0.9 g L-1 acetic acid, 0.49 g L-1 citric acid, 0.52 g L-1 ethanol, and 0.4 g L-1 glycerol. This is the first study to identify microbial diversity in bacaba chicha spontaneous fermentation. This study is also the starting step in the immaterial record of this Brazilian indigenous beverage prepared from bacaba fruit.
Descriptors
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
Data Source
Authors
Puerari,C., Magalhaes-Guedes,K.T., Schwan,R.F.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
20151027
PMCID
PMC4704630
Editors
|
|||
| Periodontal conditions of Colombian university students aged 16 to 35 | 2014 | Departamento de Ciencias Basicas y Medicina Oral, Facultad de Odontologia, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogota, Bogota D.C., Colombia.; Departamento de Ciencias Basicas y Medicina Oral, Facultad de Odontologia, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogot | Read more... |
|
Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Brazilian oral research
Periodical, Abbrev.
Braz Oral Res.
Pub Date Free Form
Volume
28
Issue
Start Page
S1806
Other Pages
83242014000100223. Epub 2014 May 16
Notes
LR: 20150720; JID: 101307187; 2013/08/31 [received]; 2014/01/13 [accepted]; 2014/05/16 [aheadofprint]; ppublish
Place of Publication
Brazil
ISSN/ISBN
1807-3107; 1806-8324
Accession Number
PMID: 24878670
Language
eng
SubFile
Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; D; IM
DOI
S1806-83242014000100223 [pii]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
24878670
Abstract
Epidemiological data on the periodontal health and oral hygiene practices of young individuals in Latin America are limited. This study was conducted in a sample of 355 first-year students randomly selected from 3,251 new students entering the largest university in Colombia. Participants received a periodontal examination and were interviewed about oral hygiene practices. Specifically, this study assessed the relationship between oral hygiene practices (including smoking tobacco) and plaque accumulation and/or periodontal bleeding on probing (BOP). Participants had extensive plaque accumulation and BOP, with a mean O Leary plaque index of 56% and mean BOP of 37%. Both measures were higher for proximal surfaces. Plaque indices of at least 50% were not associated with any oral hygiene factors; however, plaque index and use of dental floss were associated with a BOP of at least 50%. Frequency of tooth brushing was higher in female than in male participants. Only 5% of participants reported smoking tobacco. On average, participants had 2.7+/-4.6 pockets of at least 4 mm (18% of participants had >/=5 and 9% of participants had >/=10 pockets of this depth, respectively). On average, participants had 2.1+/-4.4 sites with clinical attachment loss of at least 2 mm (15% and 6% of participants had >/=5 and >/=10 sites with this level of loss). Only 8% of participants were diagnosed with moderate periodontitis, and no participants were diagnosed with severe periodontitis. In conclusion, although participants had high levels of plaque and BOP, signs of advanced destructive periodontal disease were minimal.
Descriptors
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
Data Source
Authors
Marulanda,A.M., Coral,D., Sabogal,D., Serrano,C.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
20140516
PMCID
Editors
|
|||
| Gastroprotective effects (in rodents) of a flavonoid rich fraction obtained from Syngonanthus macrolepsis | 2014 | Departamento de Ciencias Farmaceuticas, Centro de Ciencias da Saude, Laboratorio de Farmacologia do Trato Gastrintestinal, Universidade Federal da Paraiba (UFPB), Joao Pessoa, PB, Brazil; Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofisica, Instituto de Biologia, Univ | Read more... |
|
Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
The Journal of pharmacy and pharmacology
Periodical, Abbrev.
J.Pharm.Pharmacol.
Pub Date Free Form
Mar
Volume
66
Issue
3
Start Page
445
Other Pages
452
Notes
CI: (c) 2013; JID: 0376363; 0 (Anti-Ulcer Agents); 0 (Antioxidants); 0 (Flavonoids); 0 (Plant Extracts); 0 (Sulfhydryl Compounds); 31C4KY9ESH (Nitric Oxide); OTO: NOTNLM; 2013/06/09 [received]; 2013/10/10 [accepted]; 2013/11/17 [aheadofprint]; ppublish
Place of Publication
England
ISSN/ISBN
2042-7158; 0022-3573
Accession Number
PMID: 24237033
Language
eng
SubFile
Journal Article; IM
DOI
10.1111/jphp.12175 [doi]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
24237033
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: Syngonanthus macrolepis, popularly known in Brazil as 'sempre-vivas', is a plant from the family Eriocaulaceae, it is found in the states of Minas Gerais and Bahia. The species contains a variety of constituents, including flavonoids with gastroprotective effect. In this work, a flavonoid-rich fraction (Sm-FRF) obtained from scapes of S. macrolepis was investigated for preventing gastric ulceration in mice and rats. METHODS: The activity was evaluated in models of induced gastric ulcer (absolute ethanol, stress, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and pylorus ligation). The cytoprotective mechanisms of the Sm-FRF in relation to sulfhydryl (SH) groups, nitric oxide (NO) and antioxidant enzymes were also evaluated. KEY FINDINGS: The Sm-FRF (100 mg/kg, p.o.) significantly reduced gastric injury in all models, and did not alter gastric juice parameters after pylorus ligation. CONCLUSIONS: The results indicate significant gastroprotective activity for the Sm-FRF, which probably involves the participation of both SH groups and the antioxidant system. Both are integral parts of the gastrointestinal mucosa's cytoprotective mechanisms against aggressive factors.
Descriptors
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
Royal Pharmaceutical Society
Data Source
Authors
Batista,L.M., de Almeida,A.B., Lima,G.R., Falcao Hde,S., Magri Lde,P., Luiz-Ferreira,A., dos Santos,L.C., Hiruma-Lima,C.A., Vilegas,W., Brito,A.R.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
20131117
PMCID
Editors
|
|||
| Ulcer healing and mechanism(s) of action involved in the gastroprotective activity of fractions obtained from Syngonanthus arthrotrichus and Syngonanthus bisulcatus | 2015 | Departamento de Ciencias Farmaceuticas, Centro de Ciencias da Saude, Laboratorio de Farmacologia do Trato Gastrintestinal, Universidade Federal da Paraiba (UFPB), Joao Pessoa, PB, Brazil. leoniab@uol.com.br.; Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofisica, Instit | Read more... |
|
Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
BMC complementary and alternative medicine
Periodical, Abbrev.
BMC Complement.Altern.Med.
Pub Date Free Form
29-Oct
Volume
15
Issue
Start Page
391
Other Pages
015-0923-x
Notes
LR: 20151031; JID: 101088661; OID: NLM: PMC4625929; 2014/11/14 [received]; 2015/10/20 [accepted]; 2015/10/29 [aheadofprint]; epublish
Place of Publication
England
ISSN/ISBN
1472-6882; 1472-6882
Accession Number
PMID: 26511617
Language
eng
SubFile
Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM
DOI
10.1186/s12906-015-0923-x [doi]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
26511617
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Syngonanthus arthrotrichus and Syngonanthus bisulcatus, currently known for Comanthera aciphylla (Bong.) L.R.Parra & Giul. and Comanthera bisulcata (Koern.) L.R. Parra & Giul, popularly known in Brazil as "sempre-vivas," are plants from the family Eriocaulaceae. They are found in the states of Minas Gerais and Bahia. The species are known to be rich in flavonoids to which their gastroprotective activity has been attributed. In this research, experimental protocols were performed to elucidate the associated mechanisms of action. METHODS: The activity was evaluated using induced gastric ulcer models (acetic acid and ethanol-induced gastric lesions in NEM or L-NAME pre-treated mice, and by ischemia/reperfusion). Antioxidant enzymes, serum somatostatin, and gastrin were also evaluated. RESULTS: In chronic gastric ulcers, a single daily oral dose of Sa-FRF or Sb-FRF (100 mg/kg body wt.) for 14 consecutive days accelerated ulcer healing to an extent similar to that seen with an equal dose of cimetidine. The pre-treatment of mice with NEM (N-ethylmaleimide) or L-NAME (N-nitro-L-arginine) abolished the protective activity of Sa-FRF, Sa-FDF, Sb-FDF and Sb-FRF or Sa-FRF and Sb-FRF, respectively, which indicates that antioxidant compounds and nitric oxide synthase activity are involved in the gastroprotective. Sa-FRF and Sb-FRF (100 mg/kg p.o) protected the gastric mucosa against ulceration that was induced by ischemia/reperfusion (72 and 76 %, respectively). It also decreased lipid peroxidation and restored total thiols in the gastric wall of mice that had been treated with ethanol. When administered to rats submitted to ethanol-induced gastric lesions, Sa-FRF and Sb-FRF (100 mg/kg, p.o.) increased the somatostatin serum levels, while the gastrin serum levels were proportionally decreased. CONCLUSIONS: The results indicate significant healing effects and gastroprotective activity for the Sa-FRF and Sb-FRF, which probably involves the participation of SH groups, nitric oxide (NO), the antioxidant system, somatostatin, and gastrin. All are integral parts of the gastrointestinal mucosa's cytoprotective mechanisms against aggressive factors.
Descriptors
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
Data Source
Authors
Batista,L.M., Lima,G.R., De Almeida,A.B., Magri Lde,P., Calvo,T.R., Ferreira,A.L., Pellizzon,C.H., Hiruma-Lima,C.A., Vilegas,W., Sano,P.T., Brito,A.R.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
20151029
PMCID
PMC4625929
Editors
|
|||
| Gastric antiulcer activity of Syngonanthus arthrotrichus SILVEIRA | 2004 | Departamento de Ciencias Farmaceuticas, Centro de Ciencias da Saude, Universidade Federal da Paraiba (UFPB), Joao Pessoa, PB, Brazil. leoniab@uol.com.br | Read more... |
|
Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Biological & pharmaceutical bulletin
Periodical, Abbrev.
Biol.Pharm.Bull.
Pub Date Free Form
Mar
Volume
27
Issue
3
Start Page
328
Other Pages
332
Notes
LR: 20131121; JID: 9311984; 0 (2-Pyridinylmethylsulfinylbenzimidazoles); 0 (Anti-Ulcer Agents); 0 (Plant Extracts); 0 (Prostaglandins); 004F72P8F4 (Bethanechol); 0K5C5T2QPG (Lansoprazole); 3K9958V90M (Ethanol); 80061L1WGD (Cimetidine); KG60484QX9 (Omepraz
Place of Publication
Japan
ISSN/ISBN
0918-6158; 0918-6158
Accession Number
PMID: 14993797
Language
eng
SubFile
Comparative Study; Journal Article; IM
DOI
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
14993797
Abstract
Syngonanthus arthrotrichus SILVEIRA, popularly known as "sempre-vivas mini-saia," is found in mountains of the Espinhaco range in the Brazilian states of Bahia and Minas Gerais. Extracts of this species contain several constituents, including flavonoids which may have antiulcerogenic activity. An ethanolic extract (EEOH), and flavonoid-rich (FRF) and flavonoid-deficient (FDF) fractions obtained from the scapes of S. arthrotrichus were investigated for their ability to prevent ulceration of the gastric mucosa in mice and rats. In the ethanol/HCl-induced ulcer model, lansoprazole (30 mg/kg), EEOH (50, 100, 250 mg/kg) given orally protected the gastric mucosal against injury in mice by 79%, 78%, 73%, and 64% respectively. In the ethanol-induced gastric ulcer model in rats, the lansoprazole (30 mg/kg), FRF and FDF (100 mg/kg) significantly protected the gastric mucosal of rats by 65%, 38% and 25% respectively when compared with the negative control group. In indomethacin/bethanechol-induced gastric ulcers, cimetidine (100 mg/kg) and the EEOH (100, 250 mg/kg) inhibited gastric ulcer formation by 73%, 55% and 32% respectively. In this exactly model other treatments as cimetidine, FRF and FDF (100 mg/kg) each caused 54%, 36% and 45% inhibition, respectively. In the stress-induced gastric ulcer model, cimetidine (100 mg/kg) and the EEOH (50, 100, 250 mg/kg), inhibited gastric ulcer formation by 63%, 73%, 68% and 69% respectively. In the same model, cimetidine, FRF and FDF (100 mg/kg) significantly protected the gastric mucosal of the mice by 60%, 51% and 47% when compared to the control group. In pylorus-ligated mice, cimetidine (positive control) and FRF significantly decreased gastric acid secretion, increased gastric pH and reduced the acid output when compared to the negative control. FDF had no significant effect on these parameters. The protection provided by FRF probably involved an antisecretory mechanism mediated by flavonoids which were absent in FDF. The amount of adherent mucous in the stomach contents was also evaluated with the treatments carbenoxolone (200 mg/kg), FRF and FDF (100 mg/kg) treatment. Each treatments significantly increased the amount of adherent mucous in the gastric juice (8.67+/-1.73, 3.35+/-1.59, 2.1+/-0.41 mg/g of wet tissue, respectively) compared to the control group, indicating a cytoprotective action on the gastric mucosa. Treatment with FRF plus indomethacin and FDF plus indomethacin reduced the prostaglandin biosyntesis (13.6+/-6.5, 27+/-5.5 pg/well) by the mucosa, indicating that the cytoprotective action on the gastric mucosa was not related to the level of prostaglandins. Only FDF (38+/-17 pg/well) maintained the level of prostaglandins and guaranteed the integrity of the mucosa. The results indicate that the EEOH, FRF and FDF have antisecretory and cytoprotective actions, that may be related to the presence of luteoline in the extract and active fractions.
Descriptors
2-Pyridinylmethylsulfinylbenzimidazoles, Animals, Anti-Ulcer Agents/chemistry/pharmacology/therapeutic use, Bethanechol, Cimetidine/therapeutic use, Disease Models, Animal, Eriocaulaceae/chemistry, Ethanol, Gastric Juice/secretion, Gastrointestinal Contents/chemistry, Hydrogen-Ion Concentration, Indomethacin, Lansoprazole, Male, Mice, Mucus/chemistry, Omeprazole/analogs & derivatives/therapeutic use, Phytotherapy, Plant Extracts/chemistry/pharmacology/therapeutic use, Prostaglandins/biosynthesis, Rats, Rats, Wistar, Stomach Ulcer/drug therapy/etiology/physiopathology, Stress, Psychological/complications
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
Data Source
Authors
Batista,L. M., de Almeida,A. B., de Pietro Magri,L., Toma,W., Calvo,T. R., Vilegas,W., Souza Brito,A. R.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
PMCID
Editors
|
|||
| Impact of parental smoking on childhood asthma | 2013 | Departamento de Enfermedades del Aparato Respiratorio, Hospital Clinico Universitario, Santiago de Compostela, Spain. francisco.jaiver.gonzalez.barcala@sergas.es | Read more... |
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Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Jornal de pediatria
Periodical, Abbrev.
J.Pediatr.(Rio J)
Pub Date Free Form
May-Jun
Volume
89
Issue
3
Start Page
294
Other Pages
299
Notes
CI: Copyright (c) 2013; JID: 2985188R; 0 (Tobacco Smoke Pollution); 2012/04/19 [received]; 2012/11/21 [accepted]; 2013/04/26 [aheadofprint]; ppublish
Place of Publication
Brazil
ISSN/ISBN
1678-4782; 0021-7557
Accession Number
PMID: 23684453
Language
eng
SubFile
Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM
DOI
10.1016/j.jped.2012.11.001 [doi]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
23684453
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) of the childhood population in this community and its relationship with asthma symptoms. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted using the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC) questionnaire on children and adolescents in this community. The symptoms "wheezing ever", "current asthma", "severe asthma", and "exercise-induced asthma" were defined by this questionnaire. Parental smoking was classified into four mutually exclusive categories: 1) no parent smokes; 2) only the mother smokes; 3) only the father smokes; and 4) both parents smoke. The odds ratio of the prevalence of asthma symptoms according to ETS exposure was calculated using logistic regression. RESULTS: A total of 10,314 children and 10,453 adolescents were included. Over 51% of the children and adolescents were exposed to ETS at home. ETS is associated with a higher prevalence of asthma symptoms, particularly if the mother or both parents smoke. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of ETS is still high in this community, although there has been a decreasing tendency in the last 15 years. ETS is associated with higher prevalence of asthma.
Descriptors
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
Sociedade Brasileira de Pediatria. Published by Elsevier Editora Ltda
Data Source
Authors
Gonzalez-Barcala,F.J., Pertega,S., Sampedro,M., Lastres,J.S., Gonzalez,M.A., Bamonde,L., Garnelo,L., Castro,T.P., Valdes-Cuadrado,L., Carreira,J.M., Moure,J.D., Silvarrey,A.L.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
20130426
PMCID
Editors
|
|||
| Prevalence of the drug consumption among Chilean university students | 2011 | Departamento de Farmacologia, Facultad de Ciencias Biologicas, Universidad de Concepcion, Concepcion, Chile. jsepulve@udec.cl | Read more... |
|
Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Revista medica de Chile
Periodical, Abbrev.
Rev.Med.Chil.
Pub Date Free Form
Jul
Volume
139
Issue
7
Start Page
856
Other Pages
863
Notes
LR: 20151119; JID: 0404312; 0 (Street Drugs); 2011/09/16 [aheadofprint]; ppublish
Place of Publication
Chile
ISSN/ISBN
0717-6163; 0034-9887
Accession Number
PMID: 22051822
Language
spa
SubFile
English Abstract; Journal Article; IM
DOI
/S0034-98872011000700005 [doi]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
22051822
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Drug abuse is one of the main public health problems and mostly involves young people. AIM: To determine the prevalence of drug consumption among university students and its associated social factors. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A questionnaire exploring consumption of drugs and social-demographic, economic and religious variables, was applied to 1577 third year students aged 22 +/- 2 years (54% females) of a public university. RESULTS: Sixty eight percent of the students were of middle socioeconomic class, 71 % belonged to some religion and 29% declared themselves as agnostic. Ninety six percent drank alcohol at least once and 29% never smoked. Among illicit drugs, marijuana was consumed by 22% followed by cocaine in 5.3%o, hallucinogenic drugs in 2.6 % >, inhalants in 2.3% > and cocaine free base in 1.4%). Six percent consumed stimulants and 13.8%>, sedatives. A higher economic income facilitated drug consumption and the adscription to a religion was protective against it. CONCLUSIONS: Alcohol is the most commonly consumed drug, and is the substance that generates more problems to students.
Descriptors
Age of Onset, Alcohol Drinking/epidemiology, Chile, Cross-Sectional Studies, Female, Humans, Male, Prevalence, Religion, Smoking/epidemiology, Socioeconomic Factors, Street Drugs/supply & distribution, Students/statistics & numerical data, Substance-Related Disorders/epidemiology, Surveys and Questionnaires, Universities, Young Adult
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
Data Source
Authors
Sepulveda,C. M. J., Roa,S. J., Munoz,R. M.
Original/Translated Title
Estudio cuantitativo del consumo de drogas y factores sociodemograficos asociados en estudiantes de una universidad tradicional chilena
URL
Date of Electronic
20110916
PMCID
Editors
|
|||
| Atmospheric levels of aldehydes and BTEX and their relationship with vehicular fleet changes in Rio de Janeiro urban area | 2007 | Departamento de Fisico Quimica, Instituto de Quimica da UFRJ. CT, Bloco A, Sala 408, Cidade Universitaria - Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21949-900, Brazil. | Read more... |
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Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Chemosphere
Periodical, Abbrev.
Chemosphere
Pub Date Free Form
May
Volume
67
Issue
10
Start Page
2096
Other Pages
2103
Notes
LR: 20131121; JID: 0320657; 0 (Air Pollutants); 0 (Aldehydes); 0 (Benzene Derivatives); 0 (Vehicle Emissions); 0 (Xylenes); 3FPU23BG52 (Toluene); J64922108F (Benzene); 2005/10/19 [received]; 2006/08/25 [revised]; 2006/09/01 [accepted]; 2007/01/25 [aheadof
Place of Publication
England
ISSN/ISBN
0045-6535; 0045-6535
Accession Number
PMID: 17257646
Language
eng
SubFile
Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM
DOI
S0045-6535(06)01185-4 [pii]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
17257646
Abstract
A comprehensive monitoring campaign to assess aldehydes and BTEX concentrations was performed during 12 months, in the Tijuca district (Rio de Janeiro), an area with commercial activities and a high flux of vehicles. The mean concentrations of formaldehyde and acetaldehyde were 151 and 30 ppb, respectively. The high formaldehyde/acetaldehyde ratio was attributed to extensive use of compressed natural gas (CNG). The number of CNG vehicles in the metropolitan Region of Rio de Janeiro increased from 23000 in January 2001 to 161000 in January 2005. Monitoring data show that, for the same period, methane and formaldehyde concentrations increased while NO(x) and CO levels diminished. Mean concentrations for benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, m,p-xylene and o-xylene, were 1.1, 4.8, 3.6, 10.4 and 3.0 micro gm(-3), respectively. Benzene and toluene concentrations were lower than the values determined in 1996, for the same location. The levels of ethylbenzene and xylenes determined in this work are similar to values obtained in 1996. This fact may be explained as a consequence of changes in the gasoline composition.
Descriptors
Air Pollutants/analysis, Aldehydes/analysis, Benzene/analysis, Benzene Derivatives/analysis, Brazil, Environmental Monitoring, Motor Vehicles/standards, Seasons, Toluene/analysis, Urbanization, Vehicle Emissions/analysis, Xylenes/analysis
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
Data Source
Authors
Martins,E. M., Arbilla,G., Bauerfeldt,G. F., de Paula,M.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
20070125
PMCID
Editors
|
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| Can the aqueous decoction of mango flowers be used as an antiulcer agent? | 2006 | Departamento de Fisiologia, Instituto de Biociencias, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), CP 510, CEP 18618-000, Botucatu, SP, Brasil. | Read more... |
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Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Journal of ethnopharmacology
Periodical, Abbrev.
J.Ethnopharmacol.
Pub Date Free Form
15-Jun
Volume
106
Issue
1
Start Page
29
Other Pages
37
Notes
LR: 20131121; JID: 7903310; 0 (Anti-Ulcer Agents); 0 (Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors); 0 (Flavonoids); 0 (Phenols); 0 (Plant Extracts); 0 (Polyphenols); 3K9958V90M (Ethanol); O3C74ACM9V (Ethylmaleimide); QTT17582CB (Hydrochloric Acid); 2004/08/18 [received]; 2
Place of Publication
Ireland
ISSN/ISBN
0378-8741; 0378-8741
Accession Number
PMID: 16500058
Language
eng
SubFile
Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM
DOI
S0378-8741(05)00828-7 [pii]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
16500058
Abstract
This study was designed to determine the effect of Mangifera indica flowers decoction, on the acute and subacute models of induced ulcer in mice and rats. A single oral administration of the aqueous decoction (AD) from M. indica up to a dose of 5 g/kg, p.o. did not produce any signs or symptom of toxicity in the treated animals. The oral pre-treatment with AD (250, 500 and 1000 mg/kg) in rats with gastric lesions induced by ethanol, decreased the gastric lesions from 89.0+/-6.71 (control group) to 9.25+/-2.75, 4.50+/-3.30 and 0, respectively. Pretreatment with AD (250, 500 and 1000 mg/kg) to mice with HCl/ethanol- or stress-induced gastric lesions resulted in a dose-dependent significant decrease of lesion index. In the piroxicam-induced gastric lesions, the gastroprotective effect of AD was reducing with the increase of the AD dose. In the pylorus-ligature, AD (p.o.) significantly decreased the acid output indicating the antisecretory property involved in the gastroprotective effect of M. indica. Treatment with AD during 14 consecutive days significantly accelerated the healing process in subacute gastric ulcer induced by acetic acid in rats. Pretreatment with N-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester (l-NAME), an inhibitor of NO-synthase, did not abolish the gastroprotective effects (99% with saline versus 80% with l-NAME) of AD against ethanol-induced gastric lesions. Pretreatment with N-ethylmaleimide (NEM), a blocker of endogenous sulphydryl group, significantly abolished the protective effects of AD against ethanol-induced gastric ulcers (95% with saline versus 47% with NEM). Phytochemical screening showed the presence of steroids, triterpenes, phenolic compounds and flavonoids. Estimation of the global polyphenol content in the AD was performed by Folin-Ciocalteu method and showed approximately 53% of total phenolic on this extract. These findings indicate the potential gastroprotective and ulcer-healing properties of aqueous decoction of M. indica flowers and further support its popular use in gastrointestinal disorders in Caribbean.
Descriptors
Animals, Anti-Ulcer Agents/therapeutic use, Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors/toxicity, Ethanol/toxicity, Ethylmaleimide/toxicity, Flavonoids/chemistry, Flowers/chemistry, Gastric Acid/secretion, Hydrochloric Acid/toxicity, Male, Mangifera/chemistry, Mice, Phenols/chemistry, Plant Extracts/therapeutic use, Polyphenols, Rats, Rats, Wistar, Stomach/drug effects/pathology, Stomach Ulcer/chemically induced/drug therapy/pathology
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Database
Publisher
Data Source
Authors
Lima,Z. P., Severi,J. A., Pellizzon,C. H., Brito,A. R., Solis,P. N., Caceres,A., Giron,L. M., Vilegas,W., Hiruma-Lima,C. A.
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URL
Date of Electronic
20060223
PMCID
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| Occupational exposure to environmental tobacco smoke: a study in Lisbon restaurants | 2012 | Departamento de Genetica, Instituto Nacional de Saude Dr. Ricardo Jorge, INSA, IP, Lisboa, Portugal. | Read more... |
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Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Journal of toxicology and environmental health.Part A
Periodical, Abbrev.
J.Toxicol.Environ.Health A
Pub Date Free Form
Volume
75
Issue
13-15
Start Page
857
Other Pages
866
Notes
LR: 20151119; JID: 100960995; 0 (Biomarkers); 0 (Particulate Matter); 0 (Tobacco Smoke Pollution); K5161X06LL (Cotinine); ppublish
Place of Publication
England
ISSN/ISBN
1528-7394; 0098-4108
Accession Number
PMID: 22788372
Language
eng
SubFile
Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM
DOI
10.1080/15287394.2012.690690 [doi]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
22788372
Abstract
Environmental tobacco smoke (ETS), also referred to as secondhand smoke (SHS), is a major threat to public health and is increasingly recognized as an occupational hazard to workers in the hospitality industry. Therefore, several countries have implemented smoke-free regulations at hospitality industry sites. In Portugal, since 2008, legislation partially banned smoking in restaurants and bars but until now no data have been made available on levels of indoor ETS pollution/exposure at these locations. The aim of this study was to examine the occupational exposure to ETS/SHS in several restaurants in Lisbon, measured by indoor fine particles (PM(2.5)) and urinary cotinine concentration in workers, after the partial smoking ban in Portugal. Results showed that the PM(2.5) median level in smoking designated areas was 253 mug/m(3), eightfold higher than levels recorded in canteens or outdoor. The nonsmoking rooms of mixed restaurants exhibited PM(2.5) median level of 88 mug/m(3), which is higher than all smoke-free locations studied, approximately threefold greater than those found in canteens. Importantly, urinary cotinine concentrations were significantly higher in nonsmoker employees working in those smoking designated areas, confirming exposure to ETS. The proportion of smokers in those rooms was found to be significantly positively correlated with nonsmoker urinary cotinine and indoor PM(2.5) levels, establishing that both markers were occupational-ETS derived. The use of reinforced ventilation systems seemed not to be sufficient to decrease the observed ETS pollution/exposure in those smoking locations. Taken together, these findings demonstrate that the partial restrictions on smoking in Portuguese venues failed to provide adequate protection to their employees, irrespective of protective measures used. Therefore, a smoke-free legislation protecting individuals from exposure to ETS/SHS in all public places and workplaces is urgently needed in Portugal.
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Authors
Pacheco,S.A., Aguiar,F., Ruivo,P., Proenca,M.C., Sekera,M., Penque,D., Simoes,T.
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