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Title	Pub Year	Author Sort descending	SearchLink
A deep stop during decompression from 82 fsw (25 m) significantly reduces bubbles and fast tissue gas tensions	2004	DAN Europe Foundation, Research Division.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Undersea & hyperbaric medicine : journal of the Undersea and Hyperbaric Medical Society, Inc Periodical, Abbrev. Undersea Hyperb.Med. Pub Date Free Form Summer Volume 31 Issue 2 Start Page 233 Other Pages 243 Notes LR: 20050627; JID: 9312954; CIN: Undersea Hyperb Med. 2005 Mar-Apr;32(2):85-8; author reply 89-92. PMID: 15926299; ppublish Place of Publication United States ISSN/ISBN 1066-2936; 1066-2936 Accession Number PMID: 15485086 Language eng SubFile Evaluation Studies; Journal Article; IM; S DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 15485086 Abstract In spite of many modifications to decompression algorithms, the incidence of decompression sickness (DCS) in scuba divers has changed very little. The success of stage, compared to linear ascents, is well described yet theoretical changes in decompression ratios have diminished the importance of fast tissue gas tensions as critical for bubble generation. The most serious signs and symptoms of DCS involve the spinal cord, with a tissue half time of only 12.5 minutes. It is proposed that present decompression schedules do not permit sufficient gas elimination from such fast tissues, resulting in bubble formation. Further, it is hypothesized that introduction of a deep stop will significantly reduce fast tissue bubble formation and neurological DCS risk. A total of 181 dives were made to 82 fsw (25 m) by 22 volunteers. Two dives of 25 min and 20 min were made, with a 3 hr 30 min surface interval and according to 8 different ascent protocols. Ascent rates of 10, 33 or 60 fsw/min (3, 10, 18 m/min) were combined with no stops or a shallow stop at 20 fsw (6 m) or a deep stop at 50 fsw (15 m) and a shallow at 20 fsw (6 m). The highest bubbles scores (8.78/9.97), using the Spencer Scale (SS) and Extended Spencer Scale (ESS) respectively, were with the slowest ascent rate. This also showed the highest 5 min and 10 min tissue loads of 48% and 75%. The lowest bubble scores (1.79/2.50) were with an ascent rate of 33 fsw (10 m/min) and stops for 5 min at 50 fsw (15 m) and 20 fsw (6 m). This also showed the lowest 5 and 10 min tissue loads at 25% and 52% respectively. Thus, introduction of a deep stop significantly reduced Doppler detected bubbles together with tissue gas tensions in the 5 and 10 min tissues, which has implications for reducing the incidence of neurological DCS in divers. Descriptors Atmospheric Pressure, Decompression/standards, Decompression Sickness/prevention & control/ultrasonography, Diving/adverse effects/standards, Humans, Reference Values, Regression Analysis, Time Factors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Marroni,A., Bennett,P. B., Cronje,F. J., Cali-Corleo,R., Germonpre,P., Pieri,M., Bonuccelli,C., Balestra,C. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Flying after diving: should recommendations be reviewed? In-flight echocardiographic study in bubble-prone and bubble-resistant divers	2015	DAN Europe Research Division, Contrada Padune 11, 64026 Roseto degli, Abruzzi (TE), Italy, Phone: +39(0)85-893-0333, Fax: +39-(0)85-893-0050, E-mail: dcialoni@daneurope.org.; DAN Europe Research Division, Roseto degli Abruzzi, Italy.; DAN Europe Research	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Diving and hyperbaric medicine Periodical, Abbrev. Diving.Hyperb.Med. Pub Date Free Form Mar Volume 45 Issue 1 Start Page 10 Other Pages 15 Notes JID: 101282742; OTO: NOTNLM; 2014/12/12 [received]; 2015/01/17 [accepted]; ppublish Place of Publication Australia ISSN/ISBN 1833-3516; 1833-3516 Accession Number PMID: 25964033 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 25964033 Abstract INTRODUCTION: Inert gas accumulated after multiple recreational dives can generate tissue supersaturation and bubble formation when ambient pressure decreases. We hypothesized that this could happen even if divers respected the currently recommended 24-hour pre-flight surface interval (PFSI). METHODS: We performed transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) on a group of 56 healthy scuba divers (39 male, 17 female) as follows: first echo--during the outgoing flight, no recent dives; second echo--before boarding the return flight, after a multiday diving week in the tropics and a 24-hour PFSI; third echo--during the return flight at 30, 60 and 90 minutes after take-off. TTE was also done after every dive during the week's diving. Divers were divided into three groups according to their 'bubble-proneness': non-bubblers, occasional bubblers and consistent bubblers. RESULTS: During the diving, 23 subjects never developed bubbles, 17 only occasionally and 16 subjects produced bubbles every day and after every dive. Bubbles on the return flight were observed in eight of the 56 divers (all from the 'bubblers' group). Two subjects who had the highest bubble scores during the diving were advised not to make the last dive (increasing their PFSI to approximately 36 hours), and did not demonstrate bubbles on the return flight. CONCLUSIONS: Even though a 24-hour PFSI is recommended on the basis of clinical trials showing a low risk of decompression sickness (DCS), the presence of venous gas bubbles in-flight in eight of 56 divers leads us to suspect that in real-life situations DCS risk after such a PFSI is not zero. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Cialoni,D., Pieri,M., Balestra,C., Marroni,A. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Flying after diving: in-flight echocardiography after a scuba diving week	2014	DAN Europe Research Division, Roseto degli Abruzzi, Italy.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Aviation, Space, and Environmental Medicine Periodical, Abbrev. Aviat.Space Environ.Med. Pub Date Free Form Oct Volume 85 Issue 10 Start Page 993 Other Pages 998 Notes LR: 20150514; JID: 7501714; CIN: Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2015 May;86(5):488. PMID: 25945669; CIN: Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2015 May;86(5):489. PMID: 25945670; ppublish Place of Publication United States ISSN/ISBN 0095-6562; 0095-6562 Accession Number PMID: 25245898 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM; S DOI 10.3357/ASEM.3805.2014 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 25245898 Abstract INTRODUCTION: Flying after diving may increase decompression sickness risk (DCS), but strong evidence indicating minimum preflight surface intervals (PFSI) is missing. METHODS: On return flights after a diving week on a live-aboard, 32 divers were examined by in-flight echocardiography with the following protocol: 1) outgoing flight, no previous dive; 2) during the diving week; 3) before the return flight after a 24-h PFSI; and 4) during the return flight. RESULTS: All divers completed similar multiple repetitive dives during the diving week. All dives were equivalent as to inert gas load and gradient factor upon surfacing. No bubbles in the right heart were found in any diver during the outgoing flight or at the preflight control after a 24-h PFSI following the diving week. A significant increase in the number and grade of bubbles was observed during the return flight. However, bubbles were only observed in 6 of the 32 divers. These six divers were the same ones who developed bubbles after every dive. CONCLUSIONS: Having observed a 24-h preflight interval, the majority of divers did not develop bubbles during altitude exposure; however, it is intriguing to note that the same subjects who developed significant amounts of bubbles after every dive showed equally significant bubble grades during in-flight echocardiography notwithstanding a correct PFSI. This indicates a possible higher susceptibility to bubble formation in certain individuals, who may need longer PFSI before altitude exposure after scuba diving. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Cialoni,D., Pieri,M., Balestra,C., Marroni,A. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Correlation between Patent Foramen Ovale, Cerebral "Lesions" and Neuropsychometric Testing in Experienced Sports Divers: Does Diving Damage the Brain?	2016	DAN Europe Research DivisionBrussels, Belgium; Faculte des Sciences de la Motricite, Universite Libre de BruxellesBrussels, Belgium; Motor Sciences and Physiotherapy, Environmental and Occupational (Integrative) Physiology, Haute Ecole Paul Henri SpaakBru	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Frontiers in psychology Periodical, Abbrev. Front.Psychol. Pub Date Free Form 11-May Volume 7 Issue Start Page 696 Other Pages Notes LR: 20160602; JID: 101550902; OID: NLM: PMC4863080; OTO: NOTNLM; 2016 [ecollection]; 2015/09/09 [received]; 2016/04/26 [accepted]; 2016/05/11 [epublish]; epublish Place of Publication Switzerland ISSN/ISBN 1664-1078; 1664-1078 Accession Number PMID: 27242609 Language eng SubFile Journal Article DOI 10.3389/fpsyg.2016.00696 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 27242609 Abstract SCUBA diving exposes divers to decompression sickness (DCS). There has been considerable debate whether divers with a Patent Foramen Ovale of the heart have a higher risk of DCS because of the possible right-to-left shunt of venous decompression bubbles into the arterial circulation. Symptomatic neurological DCS has been shown to cause permanent damage to brain and spinal cord tissue; it has been suggested that divers with PFO may be at higher risk of developing subclinical brain lesions because of repeated asymptomatic embolization of decompression-induced nitrogen bubbles. These studies however suffer from several methodological flaws, including self-selection bias. We recruited 200 volunteer divers from a recreational diving population who had never suffered from DCS; we then randomly selected 50 of those for further investigation. The selected divers underwent brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging to detect asymptomatic brain lesions, contrast trans-oesophageal echocardiography for PFO, and extensive neuro-psychometric testing. Neuro-psychometry results were compared with a control group of normal subjects and a separate control group for subjects exposed to neurotoxic solvents. Forty two divers underwent all the tests and are included in this report. Grade 2 Patent Foramen Ovale was found in 16 (38%) of the divers; brain Unidentified Bright Objects (UBO's) were found in 5 (11.9%). There was no association between PFO and the presence of UBO's (P = 0.693) or their size (p = 0.5) in divers. Neuropsychometric testing in divers was significantly worse from controls in two tests, Digit Span Backwards (DSB; p Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Balestra,C., Germonpre,P. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20160511 PMCID PMC4863080 Editors
Public support for selected e-cigarette regulations and associations with overall information exposure and contradictory information exposure about e-cigarettes: Findings from a national survey of U.S. adults	2015	Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Population Sciences Division, Center for Community Based Research, Boston, MA, USA; Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Boston, MA, USA. Electronic address: andy_tan@dfci.har	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Preventive medicine Periodical, Abbrev. Prev.Med. Pub Date Free Form Dec Volume 81 Issue Start Page 268 Other Pages 274 Notes CI: Copyright (c) 2015; JID: 0322116; OTO: NOTNLM; 2015/06/29 [received]; 2015/09/06 [revised]; 2015/09/12 [accepted]; 2015/09/21 [aheadofprint]; ppublish Place of Publication United States ISSN/ISBN 1096-0260; 0091-7435 Accession Number PMID: 26400638 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.1016/j.ypmed.2015.09.009 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 26400638 Abstract OBJECTIVE: We assessed public support for six e-cigarette regulations and examined whether self-reported exposure to e-cigarette information and contradictory e-cigarette information were associated with support. METHOD: We conducted an online survey among a nationally representative sample of 527 U.S. adults in July 2014. Weighted, fully adjusted multinomial logistic regression models predicted support for banning e-cigarettes in smoke-free areas, prohibiting e-cigarette sales to youth, requiring addiction warnings, banning flavors, requiring labeling nicotine and harmful ingredients, and banning youth-targeted marketing. RESULTS: Between 34% and 72% supported these six policies (disagreed 6-24%; no opinion 18-38%). We found higher support for policies to protect youth (prohibit sales to youth and youth-targeted marketing) and to require labeling e-cigarette constituents (nicotine and harmful ingredients). Banning the use of flavors in e-cigarettes was the least supported. Overall information exposure predicted lower relative risk of support for three policies (prohibit sales to youth, nicotine and harmful ingredient labeling, addiction warnings). In comparison, contradictory information exposure predicted lower relative risk of support for two policies (prohibit sales to youth, nicotine and harmful ingredient labeling). CONCLUSIONS: Exposure to overall and conflicting information about e-cigarettes in the public sphere is associated with reduced support for certain proposed e-cigarette policies. These findings are important for policymakers and tobacco control advocates involved in promulgation of e-cigarette policies. The results provide insights on which policies may meet some public resistance and therefore require efforts to first gain public support. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Elsevier Inc Data Source Authors Tan,A.S., Lee,C.J., Bigman,C.A. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20150921 PMCID Editors
Comparison of beliefs about e-cigarettes' harms and benefits among never users and ever users of e-cigarettes	2016	Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Population Sciences Division, Center for Community Based Research, Boston, USA; Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Boston, USA. Electronic address: andy_tan@dfci.harvard.edu	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Drug and alcohol dependence Periodical, Abbrev. Drug Alcohol Depend. Pub Date Free Form 1-Jan Volume 158 Issue Start Page 67 Other Pages 75 Notes CI: Copyright (c) 2015; JID: 7513587; OTO: NOTNLM; 2015/08/29 [received]; 2015/10/15 [revised]; 2015/11/03 [accepted]; 2015/11/12 [aheadofprint]; ppublish Place of Publication Ireland ISSN/ISBN 1879-0046; 0376-8716 Accession Number PMID: 26621550 Language eng SubFile Comparative Study; Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2015.11.003 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 26621550 Abstract INTRODUCTION: E-cigarette use is rapidly increasing, especially among youth and young adults. We need to learn what factors are associated with uptake in e-cigarettes. One important set of predictors is beliefs about e-cigarettes' potential harms and benefits. METHODS: Online survey data were collected in July, 2014 from 527 U.S. adults from a nationally representative online panel (KnowledgePanel) who reported being aware of e-cigarettes. Participants were asked to rate 7 statements related to e-cigarettes harms or benefits (e.g., breathing vapors from other people's e-cigarettes is harmful to my health; vaping or using e-cigarettes can help people quit smoking regular cigarettes completely). Responses were categorized into agree, disagree, or no opinion. We compared the proportions of agreement between respondents who ever used e-cigarettes and those who had never used. Multinomial logistic regression was used to predict agree or no opinion versus disagree (base outcome) for each belief. Relative risk ratios (RRRs) are reported. The analyses were completed in December, 2014 and were weighted to match the general U.S. adult population. RESULTS: Agreement across the 7 beliefs ranged from 33% (vaping can help people quit smoking) to 56% (e-cigarettes make smoking look more acceptable to youth). Ever use of e-cigarettes was associated with lower relative risk of agreeing with statements about potential harms and higher relative risk of agreeing with statements about benefits (versus disagreeing) compared with never users. DISCUSSION: These findings provide timely data on beliefs about e-cigarettes between e-cigarette users and non-users to inform potential message topics for health campaign interventions. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Elsevier Ireland Ltd Data Source Authors Tan,A.S., Lee,C.J., Bigman,C.A. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20151112 PMCID Editors
Investigation of sludge re-circulating clarifiers design and optimization through numerical simulation	2004	Davari, S., Niroo Research Institute, Shahrak Ghods, Tehran 14686, Iran	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Generic Periodical, Full Water Science and Technology Periodical, Abbrev. Water Sci. Technol. Pub Date Free Form 2004/ Volume 48 Issue 12-Nov Start Page 293 Other Pages 298 Notes Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN 0273-1223 Accession Number Language SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract In steam thermal power plants (TPP) with open re-circulating wet cooling towers, elimination of water hardness and suspended solids (SS) is performed in clarifiers. Most of these clarifiers are of high efficiency sludge re-circulating type (SRC) with capacity between 500-1,500 m3/hr. Improper design and/or mal-operation of clarifiers in TPPs results in working conditions below design capacity or production of soft water with improper quality (hardness and S.S.). This causes accumulation of deposits in heat exchangers, condenser tubes, cooling and service water pipes and boiler tubes as well as increasing the ionic load of water at the demineralizing system inlet. It also increases the amount of chemical consumptions and produces more liquid and solid waste. In this regard, a software program for optimal design and simulation of SRCs has been developed. Then design parameters of existing SRCs in four TPPs in Iran were used as inputs to developed software program and resulting technical specifications were compared with existing ones. In some cases improper design was the main cause of poor outlet water quality. In order to achieve proper efficiency, further investigations were made to obtain control parameters as well as design parameters for both mal-designed and/or mal-operated SRCs. Descriptors water, analytical parameters, chemical composition, computer program, conference paper, controlled study, cooling tower, devices, electric power plant, heat exchange, Iran, mathematical analysis, process control, process design, process monitoring, process optimization, simulation, sludge clarification, suspended particulate matter, water hardness, water quality Links Book Title Database Embase; MEDLINE Publisher Data Source Embase Authors Davari,S., Lichayee,M. J. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Medicinal plants of Cariris Velhos, Paraiba, Part II: Subclass Magnoliidae, Caryophyllidae, Dilleniidae and Rosidae	1996	De Fatima Agra, M., Lab. de Tecnologia Farmaceutica, Universidade Federal de Paraiba, 58.051-970 Joao Pessoa, PB, Brazil	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Revista Brasileira de Farmacia Periodical, Abbrev. REV.BRAS.FARM. Pub Date Free Form 1996/ Volume 77 Issue 3 Start Page 97 Other Pages 102 Notes Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN 0370-372X Accession Number Language SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract The present work is a ethnomedicinal survey of the plant species of the Rosidae, Dilleniidae, Caryophyllidae and Magnoliidae subclass found in the 'Cariris Velhos'. The information collected was obtained by interviewing the 'raizeiros' and vendors of medicinal plants, and also includes a bibliographic and herbaria (JPB, EAN, IPA) survey. The voucher specimens are deposited in the JPB Herbarium. A list of the 101 plant species and their ethnomedicinal uses are presented. The subclass Rosideae is predominant with 61 species, (ca. 60%). More popular references of several species including Amburana caerensis (Fr. Allemao) A.C. Smith., Ziziphus joazeiro Mart., Bauhinia cheilanta (Bong.) Steud., Myracrodruon urundeuva Fr. Allemao and Syderoxylon obtusifolium (Roemer and Schultes) Penn. are cited. Descriptors unindexed drug, article, ethnopharmacology, medicinal plant, phytochemistry, phytotherapy Links Book Title Plantas medicinais nos Cariris Velhos, Paraiba, Parte II: Subclasses Magnoliidae, Caryophyllidae, Dilleniidae e Rosidae Database Embase Publisher Data Source Embase Authors De Fatima Agra,M., Locatelli,E., Rocha,E. A., Baracho,G. S., Formiga,S. C. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Biofilm amount estimation by fluorescein diacetate	1998	De Rosa, S., Dipartimento 'Difesa del Suolo', Universita della Calabria, 87040 Montalto Uffugo (CS), Italy	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Water research Periodical, Abbrev. Water Res. Pub Date Free Form 1998/09 Volume 32 Issue 9 Start Page 2621 Other Pages 2626 Notes Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN 0043-1354 Accession Number Language SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract Various methods for direct and indirect biofilm amount estimation are available but most of them have been developed on free cell cultures and/or their application to biofilm analysis often implies biofilm removal from the solid surface or extraction procedures. This work presents a method to measure biofilm bacterial activity, that does not require the removal step. It uses fluorescein diacetate (FDA), a fluorogen (fluorescein) conjugated to two acetate radicals. This compound, once hydrolyzed by an exoenzyme that is present in almost all bacteria, releases the fluorogen that has an absorbance at 490 nm. Experimental tests have shown a good correlation between the absorbance of the solution at 490 nm and bacterial concentrations. This method may be particularly helpful in potable water pipe control to indicate where and when it is necessary to perform corrective actions to stop and/or reduce biofilm growth. Descriptors drinking water, fluorescein diacetate, article, biofilm, pipeline, priority journal, water quality, water treatment Links Book Title Database Embase Publisher Data Source Embase Authors De Rosa,S., Sconza,F., Volterra,L. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Life cycle assessment: Comparing strategic options for the mains infrastructure - Part I	1999	Dennison, F.J., Thames Water Utilities Ltd., Spencer House, Reading, Berkshire RG2 0JN, United Kingdom	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Water Science and Technology Periodical, Abbrev. Water Sci.Technol. Pub Date Free Form 1999/ Volume 39 Issue 11-Oct Start Page 315 Other Pages 319 Notes Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN 0273-1223 Accession Number Language SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract This paper presents the preliminary results of a Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) study which aims to compare two different potable water pipe materials: ductile iron (DI) and medium density polyethylene (MDPE). Stages where environmental impacts may be reduced in the life cycle of these pipes have been highlighted. A takeback scheme between water companies and pipe suppliers has been identified as an environmental improvement to the current disposal stage of the pipe life cycle. Potential exists for dual-use or reuse of abandoned mains. Descriptors drinking water, iron, polyethylene, conference paper, pipeline, water supply Links Book Title Database Embase Publisher Data Source Embase Authors Dennison,F. J., Azapagic,A., Clift,R., Colbourne,J. S. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors

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