WTS database

Title Sort descending	Pub Year	Author	SearchLink
Effect of simulated sulfuric acid rain on the chemistry of a sulfate-absorbing forest soil	1985	Corvallis Environmental Research Laboratory, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Corvallis, OR 97333	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Water, air, and soil pollution Periodical, Abbrev. Water Air Soil Pollut. Pub Date Free Form 1985/ Volume 25 Issue 2 Start Page 185 Other Pages 193 Notes Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN 0049-6979 Accession Number Language SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract Simulated H2SO4 rain (pH 3.0, 3.5, 4.0) or control rain (pH 5.6) was applied for 3.5 yr to large lysimeter boxes containing a sulfate-adsorbing forest soil and either red alder (Alnus rubra Bong) or sugar maple (Acer saccharum Marsh.) seedlings. After removal of the plants and the litter layer, soil samples were obtained at 15-cm intervals to a total depth of 90 cm. Elevated SO4 concentrations caused by the simulated H2SO4 rain were most pronounced for the top 15 cm, but extended down to 45 cm (maple) or 75 cm (alder). There were no effects on SO4 concentrations at a depth of 75 to 90 cm. This confirmed the existence of a sulfate front between 20 cm and 100 cm, as postulated earlier on the basis of extracted soil solutions. Decreases in Mg and Ca concentrations, base saturation, and soil pH were limited to the uppermost 15 cm and, in most cases, to the pH 3.0 treatment. Concentrations of Mg and Ca for the pH 3.0 treatments were greater than control at a depth of 15 to 30 cm, indicating transport of these cations from the soil surface. Concentrations of Na and K, and cation exchange capacity, were not affected by simulated H2SO4 rain. Elevated concentrations of NO3 and extractable Zn throughout the alder systems indicated (1) either increased rates of symbiotic N-fixation or decreased rates of N immobilization; and (2) mobilization of Zn by all acid rain treatments. Descriptors sulfate, sulfuric acid, acid rain, adsorption, vascular plant, nonhuman, priority journal, soil, theoretical study, tree Links Book Title Database Embase Publisher Data Source Embase Authors Lee,J. J. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Effect of smoking habit on circulating adipokines in diabetic and non-diabetic subjects	2008		Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Ann Nutr Metab Periodical, Abbrev. Ann.Nutr.Metab. Pub Date Free Form Volume 52 Issue 4 Start Page 329 Other Pages 34 Notes ID: 18714151 Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN Accession Number Language en SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract BACKGROUND: Despite the well-known inverse association between smoking and body weight, there have been conflicting reports on the association between smoking and adipokines such as leptin and adiponectin. AIM: To determine and compare whether tobacco smoking (cigarettes or sheesha) affects circulating levels of adiponectin and/or influences leptin and leptin receptor (sOb-R) concentrations and free leptin in diabetic and non-diabetic subjects. METHODS AND SUBJECTS: Fasting plasma adiponectin, leptin, sOb-R, glucose, insulin, and lipid profile were determined in 236 subjects grouped as control subjects (n = 53); non-diabetic cigarette smokers (n = 34), non-diabetic sheesha smokers (n = 38), diabetic nonsmokers (n = 75) and diabetic smokers (n = 36). Uni- and multivariate regression analyses were used to determine the associations of these variables with body mass index (BMI) and smoking. RESULTS: When compared to control subjects, smoking cigarettes or sheesha was associated with significantly higher glucose, insulin resistance, total cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and lower serum leptin, sOb-R and free leptin. The effects of smoking on BMI, leptin and sOb-R were dose-dependent. Binary logistic regression analysis showed that smoking is a significant determinant of BMI; leptin, sOb-R, free leptin index, adiponectin and LDL-C. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that smoking sheesha does not reduce the metabolic effects of smoking. Smoking may modify leptin receptors and modulate leptin synthesis but the weight-lowering effect may not be related to leptin-induced anorectic signals. Descriptors Adipokines/blood, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/blood, Smoking/adverse effects, Smoking/blood, Adiponectin/blood, Adult, Blood Glucose/metabolism, Body Mass Index, Case-Control Studies, Cholesterol/blood, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, Humans, Insulin Resistance, Leptin/blood, Lipids/blood, Male, Middle Aged, Receptors, Leptin/blood, Receptors, Leptin/metabolism Links http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000151487 Book Title Database MEDLINE; http://www.globalhealthlibrary.net/ Publisher Data Source Authors Al Mutairi,Sana,S., Mojiminiyi,Olusegun A., Shihab-Eldeen,Aida, Al Sharafi,Ahmad, Abdella,Nabila Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Effect of smoking on aerobic microflora of dental plaques	1990		Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Bulletin of High Institute of Public Health Periodical, Abbrev. Pub Date Free Form Volume 20 Issue 1 Start Page 59 Other Pages 65 Notes ID: 18086 Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN Accession Number Language english SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract Dental plaques of 36 smokers of cigarettes, shisha and ghoza with a mean age of 35.4 years As well as those of a control group of 23] non smokers of similar age were investigated to study their aerobic microflora, The specimen were taken from So dental plaque. Their bacterial population was estimated. Smoker! using cigarette had the lower score gingivitis 0-2] while those using shisha and ghoza had higher score 3-4] as compared with control group. showing Zero-1] score. The type of organisms en countered in smokers was not markedly different from that in not smokers but their numbers varied a lot. However, streptococci diphtheroids and micrococci took the upper hand in the latter while lactose and non lactose fermenting gram ve bacilli and Candida tropicalis were absent from such samples. Higher counts of fungi were noted in smokers in general and those of shisha i ghoza in particular. Association of high numbers of yeasts and bacteria was noted in 19/36 and 5/23 of smokers and non smokers respectively. Three types of yeasts were isolated C. albicans C. tropicalis saccharomyces cervicae. While filamentous fungi represented by aspergillus and penicillium spp. It was obviom from that when there was rise in number of fungi iii smokers number of bacteria was simulataneouly increased as well Descriptors Bacteria, Aerobic, Smoking Links http://pesquisa.bvsalud.org/ghl/resource/en/emro-18086 Book Title Database GHL; http://www.globalhealthlibrary.net/ Publisher Data Source Authors Wageh,Nagaat M., Abou Donia,Hadia Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Effect of smoking reduction on later cessation: a pilot experimental study	2003	Department of Psychiatry, University of Vermont Burlington, VT, USA. carpenter@musc.edu	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco Periodical, Abbrev. Nicotine Tob.Res. Pub Date Free Form Apr Volume 5 Issue 2 Start Page 155 Other Pages 162 Notes LR: 20151119; GR: DA 00450/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States; GR: DA 07242/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States; GR: DA 11557/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States; JID: 9815751; 0 (Nicotinic Agonists); 6M3C89ZY6R (Nicotine); CIN: Nicotine Tob Res. 2003 Apr;5(2):141-4. PMID Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1462-2203; 1462-2203 Accession Number PMID: 12745487 Language eng SubFile Clinical Trial; Journal Article; Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.; IM DOI V9A2243679FULKWK [pii] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 12745487 Abstract It is unclear whether reducing the number of cigarettes in smokers not trying to quit increases or decreases the likelihood of future quitting. In a pilot study, smokers not currently interested in quitting (n=67) were randomized to two groups. Experimental participants received behavioral treatment and nicotine replacement therapy (choice of gum, patch, or inhaler) to reduce smoking by 50% over 4 weeks, followed by brief advice to quit. Usual-care participants received only brief advice to quit and nicotine replacement if they decided to quit. During the 4-week treatment period, nonabstaining reduction participants decreased from 23 to 14 cigarettes per day (p<.01) and maintained their reduction over the 6-month follow-up period. At the 6-month follow-up, 35% of usual-care and 41% of reduction participants (nonsignificant [ns]) moved forward in their stage of change. Over the 6 months, 34% of usual-care participants had at least one 24-h quit attempt, compared with 25% of reduction participants (ns). A total of 9% of usual-care participants remained quit at 6 months vs. 13% in the reduction group (ns). These preliminary results suggest that adding a reduction option neither increases nor undermines interest in cessation. Higher than expected rates of attempted cessation and quitting in the usual-care group suggest that we recruited smokers whose motivation to quit was above average. Thus, a replication test in a less-motivated group of smokers is needed. Descriptors Administration, Cutaneous, Adult, Behavior Therapy/methods, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Incidence, Male, Motivation, Nicotine/administration & dosage, Nicotinic Agonists/administration & dosage, Pilot Projects, Smoking/prevention & control/therapy, Smoking Cessation/methods, Time Factors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Carpenter,M. J., Hughes,J. R., Keely,J. P. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Effect of supragingival plaque control in smokers and never-smokers: 6-month evaluation of patients with periodontitis	2007	Department of Periodontics, Sao Paulo State University, Araraquara, SP, Brazil.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Journal of periodontology Periodical, Abbrev. J.Periodontol. Pub Date Free Form Aug Volume 78 Issue 8 Start Page 1515 Other Pages 1521 Notes LR: 20101118; JID: 8000345; 0 (Toothpastes); ppublish Place of Publication United States ISSN/ISBN 0022-3492; 0022-3492 Accession Number PMID: 17668970 Language eng SubFile Clinical Trial; Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; D; IM DOI 10.1902/jop.2007.060462 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 17668970 Abstract BACKGROUND: The effect of supragingival plaque control on clinical signs of periodontitis is controversial, particularly when smoking habits are considered. This study evaluated the clinical effects of supragingival plaque control on clinical signs of periodontitis in smokers and never-smokers. METHODS: The following data were collected for 25 never-smokers and 25 smokers at baseline and 30, 90, and 180 days: visible plaque index (VPI), gingival bleeding index (GBI), bleeding on probing (BOP), periodontal probing depth (PD), and clinical attachment loss (CAL). After baseline examinations, supragingival scaling was performed. Oral hygiene practices were reinforced and reevaluated weekly during the experimental period. Linear models adjusted for clustering of observations within individuals were used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: Reductions in VPI were significant for both groups, with no intergroup differences. GBI at baseline was similar between groups, and at 30, 90, and 180 days, smokers had a lower GBI than never-smokers. Significant reductions were observed in PD for shallow (1 to 3 mm), moderate (4 to 5 mm), and deep sites (> or = 6 mm) in both groups. CAL was significantly greater in smokers throughout the study, but gains in attachment were similar for both groups (0.71 to 1.00 mm). BOP reductions were similar in both groups. CONCLUSIONS: Supragingival plaque control resulted in significant changes in clinical parameters associated with gingivitis and periodontitis. Smoking did not affect results, regardless of initial PD. Descriptors Dental Devices, Home Care, Dental Plaque/prevention & control, Dental Plaque Index, Dental Scaling, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Gingival Hemorrhage/prevention & control, Gingivitis/prevention & control, Humans, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Middle Aged, Oral Hygiene, Periodontal Attachment Loss/prevention & control, Periodontal Index, Periodontal Pocket/prevention & control, Periodontitis/prevention & control, Reproducibility of Results, Smoking, Toothbrushing, Toothpastes/therapeutic use Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Gomes,S. C., Piccinin,F. B., Susin,C., Oppermann,R. V., Marcantonio,R. A. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Effect of teenage smoking on the prevalence of periodontal bacteria	2012	Network of Academic Health Centers, Department of General Practice and Primary Health Care, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Helsinki, PL 41, Helsinki 00014, Finland. amkheikk@mappi.helsinki.fi	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Clinical oral investigations Periodical, Abbrev. Clin.Oral Investig. Pub Date Free Form Apr Volume 16 Issue 2 Start Page 571 Other Pages 580 Notes LR: 20131121; JID: 9707115; 2010/06/28 [received]; 2011/02/02 [accepted]; 2011/02/22 [aheadofprint]; ppublish Place of Publication Germany ISSN/ISBN 1436-3771; 1432-6981 Accession Number PMID: 21340603 Language eng SubFile Comparative Study; Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; D DOI 10.1007/s00784-011-0521-3 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 21340603 Abstract The aim of our study was to investigate how teenage smoking affects the prevalence of periodontal bacteria and periodontal health with the hypothesis that smoking increases the prevalence of the bacteria. Oral health of 264 adolescents (15- to 16-year-olds) was clinically examined, and their smoking history was recorded. The participants also filled in a structured questionnaire recording their general health and health habits. Pooled subgingival plaque samples were taken for polymerase chain reaction analysis of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Tannerella forsythia, Prevotella intermedia, Prevotella nigrescens, and Treponema denticola. The prevalence of P. intermedia (21% vs. 4%, p = 0.01) and T. forsythia and T. denticola (23% vs. 8%, p Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Heikkinen,A.M., Pitkaniemi,J., Kari,K., Pajukanta,R., Elonheimo,O., Koskenvuo,M., Meurman,J.H. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20110222 PMCID Editors
Effect of temperature and pipe material on biofilm formation and survival of Escherichia coli in used dinking water pipes: A laboratory-based study	2006	Silhan, J., Institute of Environment and Resources, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Lyngby, Denmark	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Generic Periodical, Full Water Science and Technology Periodical, Abbrev. Water Sci. Technol. Pub Date Free Form 2006/ Volume 54 Issue 3 Start Page 49 Other Pages 56 Notes Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN 0273-1223 Accession Number Language SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract Segments of used drinking water pipes of galvanised steel (GS), cross-linked polyethylene (PEX), copper pipes (Cu) or new medium-density polyethylene (PE) were investigated for the formation of biofilm and survival of E. coli in biofilm and in the water phase. Pipes were filled with water and incubated at 15Â°C or 35Â°C under static conditions. Biofilm formation was followed during 32, 40 and 56 (58) d. The most dense biofilm was formed on GS, reaching approximately 4.7 Ã— 105 CFU/ cm2 measured as heterotrophic plate count (HPC), and at the other materials the density reached 3 Ã— 103CFU/cm2 on PE and PEX and 5 Ã— 101 and 5 Ã— 102 CFU/cm2 on Cu pipes after 58 d at 15Â°C. Biofilm HPC values were higher at 35Â°C than at 15Â°C, with only slightly higher values on the metals, but 100-fold higher on PE and PEX. Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) measurements confirmed the general trends observed by HPC. Higher temperature was seen to be an important factor reducing E. coli survival in the water phase in drinking water pipes. At 15Â°C E. coli survived more than 4 d in GS and Cu pipes and 8 d in PE pipes, but was not detected after 48 h at 35Â°C. The E. coli survived longer at both temperatures in the glass control bottles than in the drinking water pipes. Despite the obvious biofilm formation, E coli was not detected in the biofilm at any of the investigated surfaces. Â© IWA Publishing 2006. Descriptors adenosine triphosphate, copper, drinking water, polyethylene, steel, article, bacterial count, bacterial survival, biofilm, controlled study, Escherichia coli, heterotrophy, high temperature, incubation temperature, laboratory test, nonhuman, pipeline, temperature dependence, water contamination, water supply Links Book Title Database Embase; MEDLINE Publisher Data Source Embase Authors Silhan,J., Corfitzen,C. B., Albrechtsen,H. J. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Effect of the Purple Corn Beverage "Chicha Morada" in Composite Resin during Dental Bleaching	2016	Odontologia Restauradora y Estetica, Facultad de Estomatologia, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru.; Odontologia Restauradora y Estetica, Facultad de Estomatologia, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru.; Ingenieria de Materiales,	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Scientifica Periodical, Abbrev. Scientifica (Cairo) Pub Date Free Form Volume 2016 Issue Start Page 2970548 Other Pages Notes LR: 20160403; JID: 101589932; OID: NLM: PMC4791506; 2015/12/15 [received]; 2016/02/09 [accepted]; 2016/03/01 [epublish]; ppublish Place of Publication Egypt ISSN/ISBN 2090-908X; 2090-908X Accession Number PMID: 27034897 Language eng SubFile Journal Article DOI 10.1155/2016/2970548 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 27034897 Abstract During dental bleaching the staining potential of the surface would increase. This study aims to evaluate the staining susceptibility of one bleached composite resin after the exposure to three different beverages: Peruvian purple corn based beverage (chicha morada), green tea, and distilled water. Thirty disk-shaped specimens of one nanofill composite resin were prepared. The specimens were then divided into six groups (n = 5): purple corn (P), purple corn + bleaching (PB), green tea (T), green tea + bleaching (TB), distilled water (W), and distilled water + bleaching (WB). In groups that received bleaching, two sessions of bleaching with 35% hydrogen peroxide were done. Following bleaching, specimens were exposed to each liquid thirty minutes daily. Color was measured with a digital spectrophotometer. For statistical analysis, color measurement differences between the obtained results were used: during bleaching, after bleaching, and during + after bleaching. Two-way ANOVA was used to compare the color changes in the resins of all groups (p 3.3). Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Acuna,E.D., Delgado-Cotrina,L., Rumiche,F.A., Tay,L.Y. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20160301 PMCID PMC4791506 Editors
Effect of tooth-related factors on the shear bond strengths obtained with CO2 laser conditioning of enamel	1997	Department of Dentistry, University of Queensland.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Australian Dental Journal Periodical, Abbrev. Aust.Dent.J. Pub Date Free Form Apr Volume 42 Issue 2 Start Page 81 Other Pages 84 Notes LR: 20131121; JID: 0370612; 0 (Composite Resins); 0 (Dentin-Bonding Agents); 0 (Phosphoric Acids); 0 (Resin Cements); 0 (Scotchbond Multi-Purpose); 142M471B3J (Carbon Dioxide); E4GA8884NN (phosphoric acid); ppublish Place of Publication AUSTRALIA ISSN/ISBN 0045-0421; 0045-0421 Accession Number PMID: 9153834 Language eng SubFile Comparative Study; Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; D; IM DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 9153834 Abstract Carbon dioxide (CO2) lasers are capable of producing surface irregularities in human enamel which resemble those resulting from etching of enamel with orthophosphoric acid. This report presents the results of a laboratory study which examined the effect of selected tooth-related variables on shear bond strength between a current generation bonding agent (Scotchbond MultiPurpose) and acid-etched or laser-conditioned human enamel. There were no significant differences in shear bond strength between human maxillary central incisor teeth, first premolars, and third molars in either the acid etch or laser-conditioned groups. Polishing of enamel to give a flat surface increased the shear bond strength obtained with acid etching, but did not alter significantly bond strengths achieved with laser conditioning. There was a tendency for a higher bond strength with acid etching, but not with laser conditioning, in porcine molar enamel compared with human molar and bovine incisor enamel. In terms of the mode of operation of the laser, the repetitively pulsed mode resulted in a two-fold improvement in shear bond strength compared with the single pulse mode. These results indicate that shear bond strengths in the order of 10 MPa can be obtained reliably on human teeth using laser conditioning with pulsed modes in the absence of any other preparation of the natural enamel surface. Descriptors Acid Etching, Dental, Animals, Bicuspid, Carbon Dioxide, Cattle, Composite Resins/chemistry, Dental Bonding, Dental Enamel/radiation effects/ultrastructure, Dental Prophylaxis, Dentin-Bonding Agents/chemistry, Humans, Incisor, Lasers, Molar, Phosphoric Acids, Resin Cements, Species Specificity, Swine, Tensile Strength, Tooth Preparation/methods Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Shahabi,S., Brockhurst,P. J., Walsh,L. J. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Effect of trehalose addition on volatiles responsible for strawberry aroma	2013	Faculty of Food Technology, F. Kuhada 20, 31000 Osijek, Croatia. mirela.kopjar@ptfos.hr; Biotechnical Faculty, Jamnikarjeva 101, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.; Biotechnical Faculty, Jamnikarjeva 101, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.; Biotechnical Faculty, Jamnikarje	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Natural product communications Periodical, Abbrev. Nat.Prod.Commun. Pub Date Free Form Dec Volume 8 Issue 12 Start Page 1767 Other Pages 1770 Notes JID: 101477873; 0 (Furans); 0 (Lactones); 0 (Volatile Organic Compounds); 3658-77-3 (furaneol); 7HLS05KP9O (decan-4-olide); B8WCK70T7I (Trehalose); ppublish Place of Publication United States ISSN/ISBN 1934-578X; 1555-9475 Accession Number PMID: 24555295 Language eng SubFile Evaluation Studies; Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 24555295 Abstract Aroma is one of the most important quality properties of food products and has a great influence on quality and acceptability of foods. Since it is very difficult to control, in this study the effect of addition of trehalose (3, 5 and 10%) to freeze-dried strawberry cream fillings was investigated as a possible means for retention of some of the aroma compounds responsible for the strawberry aroma. In samples with added trehalose, higher amounts of fruity esters were determined. Increase of trehalose content did not cause a proportional increase in the amount of fruity esters. However, results of our research showed that trehalose addition did not have the same effect on both gamma-decalactone and furaneol. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Kopjar,M., Hribar,J., Simcic,M., Zlatic,E., Pozrl,T., Pilizota,V. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors

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