WTS database

Title	Pub Year	Author Sort descending	SearchLink
Comparison of the effects of e-cigarette vapor and cigarette smoke on indoor air quality	2012	Consulting for Health, Air, Nature, & A Greener Environment, LLC (CHANGE), Corporate Headquarters, Queensbury, NY 12804-9358, USA. mcauleyt@airqualitychange.com	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Inhalation toxicology Periodical, Abbrev. Inhal.Toxicol. Pub Date Free Form Oct Volume 24 Issue 12 Start Page 850 Other Pages 857 Notes LR: 20151119; JID: 8910739; 0 (Air Pollutants); 0 (Aldehydes); 0 (Glycols); 0 (Nitrosamines); 0 (Particulate Matter); 0 (Polycyclic Hydrocarbons, Aromatic); 0 (Tobacco Smoke Pollution); 0 (Volatile Organic Compounds); 6M3C89ZY6R (Nicotine); ppublish Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1091-7691; 0895-8378 Accession Number PMID: 23033998 Language eng SubFile Comparative Study; Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.3109/08958378.2012.724728 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 23033998 Abstract CONTEXT: Electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) have earned considerable attention recently as an alternative to smoking tobacco, but uncertainties about their impact on health and indoor air quality have resulted in proposals for bans on indoor e-cigarette use. OBJECTIVE: To assess potential health impacts relating to the use of e-cigarettes, a series of studies were conducted using e-cigarettes and standard tobacco cigarettes. METHODS AND MATERIALS: Four different high nicotine e-liquids were vaporized in two sets of experiments by generic 2-piece e-cigarettes to collect emissions and assess indoor air concentrations of common tobacco smoke by products. Tobacco cigarette smoke tests were conducted for comparison. RESULTS: Comparisons of pollutant concentrations were made between e-cigarette vapor and tobacco smoke samples. Pollutants included VOCs, carbonyls, PAHs, nicotine, TSNAs, and glycols. From these results, risk analyses were conducted based on dilution into a 40 m(3) room and standard toxicological data. Non-cancer risk analysis revealed "No Significant Risk" of harm to human health for vapor samples from e-liquids (A-D). In contrast, for tobacco smoke most findings markedly exceeded risk limits indicating a condition of "Significant Risk" of harm to human health. With regard to cancer risk analysis, no vapor sample from e-liquids A-D exceeded the risk limit for either children or adults. The tobacco smoke sample approached the risk limits for adult exposure. CONCLUSIONS: For all byproducts measured, electronic cigarettes produce very small exposures relative to tobacco cigarettes. The study indicates no apparent risk to human health from e-cigarette emissions based on the compounds analyzed. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors McAuley,T.R., Hopke,P.K., Zhao,J., Babaian,S. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Tobacco control policy and adolescent cigarette smoking status in the United States	2009	Consumer Reports Best Buy Drugs, 1101 17th Street, NW, Suite 500, Washington, DC 20036, USA. mbotello@consumer.org	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco Periodical, Abbrev. Nicotine Tob.Res. Pub Date Free Form Jul Volume 11 Issue 7 Start Page 875 Other Pages 885 Notes LR: 20150325; GR: Z01 HD002525-13/Intramural NIH HHS/United States; JID: 9815751; 0 (Tobacco Smoke Pollution); OID: NLM: PMC2699932; 2009/05/14 [aheadofprint]; ppublish Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1469-994X; 1462-2203 Accession Number PMID: 19443786 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Intramural; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.; IM DOI 10.1093/ntr/ntp081 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 19443786 Abstract INTRODUCTION: Tobacco policies that limit the sale of cigarettes to minors and restrict smoking in public places are important strategies to deter youth from accessing and consuming cigarettes. METHODS: We examined the relationship of youth cigarette smoking status to state-level youth access and clean indoor air laws, controlling for sociodemographic characteristics and cigarette price. Data were analyzed from the 2001 to 2002 U.S. Health Behavior in School-Aged Children survey, a cross-sectional survey conducted with a nationally representative sample of 13,339 students in the United States. RESULTS: Compared with students living in states with strict regulations, those living in states with no or minimal restrictions, particularly high school students, were more likely to be daily smokers. These effects were somewhat reduced when logistic regressions were adjusted for sociodemographic characteristics and cigarette price, suggesting that higher cigarette prices may discourage youth to access and consume cigarettes independent of other tobacco control measures. DISCUSSION: Strict tobacco control legislation could decrease the potential of youth experimenting with cigarettes or becoming daily smokers. The findings are consistent with the hypothesis that smoking policies, particularly clean indoor air provisions, reduce smoking prevalence among high school students. Descriptors Adolescent, Adolescent Behavior, Air Pollution/legislation & jurisprudence, Attitude to Health, Cross-Sectional Studies, Female, Health Policy/legislation & jurisprudence, Humans, Male, Smoking/epidemiology/legislation & jurisprudence/prevention & control, Smoking Cessation/legislation & jurisprudence/methods, State Health Plans/legislation & jurisprudence/statistics & numerical data, Students/legislation & jurisprudence/statistics & numerical data, Tobacco Smoke Pollution/legislation & jurisprudence/prevention & control, United States/epidemiology Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Botello-Harbaum,M. T., Haynie,D. L., Iannotti,R. J., Wang,J., Gase,L., Simons-Morton,B. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20090514 PMCID PMC2699932 Editors
The history of the discovery of primary amoebic meningoencephalitis.	2002	Cooter, R.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Australian Family Physician Periodical, Abbrev. Aust.Fam.Physician Pub Date Free Form / Volume 31 Issue 4 Start Page 399 Other Pages 400 Notes Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN 0300-8495 Accession Number Language SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract BACKGROUND: Primary amoebic meningoencephalitis was first recognised by a South Australian pathologist. The histopathological appearances indicated that the organism, Naegleria fowleri, entered the central nervous system from the nasal cavity via the cribriform plate. But the mode of transmission remained unknown. AIMS: To describe how the pathogenesis of this condition was discovered, and correct misinformation about the events and persons involved in this process. HYPOTHESIS: We hypothesised that pipeline water supplying northern centres in South Australia was responsible for transmitting thermophilic amoebae during the summer months. EVIDENCE: The evidence supporting our hypothesis was: domestic water pipelines were exposed to sunlight and became heated to 35-45 degrees C in summer which promoted the formation of vegetative forms of the amoebae; some patients described using tap water to flush their nasal cavities; and Naegleri fowleri were eventually recovered from domestic tap water supplies. CONCLUSION: A successful collaboration between general practitioners and laboratory scientists elucidated the pathogenesis of primary amoebic encephalomyelitis, a serious public health hazard in South Australia from 1947 until the early 1970s. Descriptors adult, amebiasis, amoeba (life cycle stage), animal, article, Australia, disease transmission, female, human, isolation and purification, male, meningoencephalitis, middle aged, parasitology, pathophysiology, risk assessment Links Book Title Database MEDLINE Publisher Data Source Embase Authors Cooter,R. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Field Validation of the ReEBOV Antigen Rapid Test for Point-of-Care Diagnosis of Ebola Virus Infection	2016	Corgenix, Broomfield, Colorado Department of Microbiology and Immunology.; Galveston National Laboratory, University of Texas Medical Branch.; Department of Microbiology and Immunology.; Lassa Fever Program, Kenema Government Hospital Ministry of Health a	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full The Journal of infectious diseases Periodical, Abbrev. J.Infect.Dis. Pub Date Free Form 11-Aug Volume Issue Start Page Other Pages Notes LR: 20160813; CI: (c) The Author 2016; JID: 0413675; OTO: NOTNLM; aheadofprint Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN 1537-6613; 0022-1899 Accession Number PMID: 27521365 Language ENG SubFile JOURNAL ARTICLE DOI jiw261 [pii] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 27521365 Abstract BACKGROUND: The 2013-2016 West African Ebola virus disease (EVD) epidemic is the largest recorded. Triage on the basis of clinical signs had limited success, and the time to diagnosis by quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) could exceed 5 days. Here we describe the development and field validation of the ReEBOV Antigen Rapid Test (ReEBOV RDT) to aid triage of individuals with suspected EVD. METHODS: Samples from patients with suspected EVD were submitted to Kenema Government Hospital, Sierra Leone, for Lassa fever and EVD screening throughout 2014. Banked residual clinical samples were tested in November 2014 and January 2015 in a blinded field trial to estimate the clinical effectiveness of the ReEBOV RDT, compared with EBOV-specific qRT-PCR. RESULTS: Preliminary ReEBOV RDT performance demonstrated a positive percentage agreement (PPA) of 91.1% (195 of 214 results; 95% confidence interval [CI], 86.5%-94.6%) and a negative percentage agreement (NPA) of 90.2% (175 of 194; 95% CI, 85.1%-94.0%). The final estimates used by the Food and Drug Administration to determine whether to grant emergency use authorization for the test, which excluded a qRT-PCR reference method threshold cutoff, were a PPA of 62.1% (72 of 116 results; 95% CI, 52.6%-70.9%) and a NPA of 96.7% (58 of 60; 95% CI, 88.5%-99.6%), with a diagnostic likelihood of 18.6. A subsequent, independent evaluation by the World Health Organization generated results consistent with the preliminary performance estimates. CONCLUSIONS: The ReEBOV RDT demonstrated the potential to provide clinically effective rapid and accurate point-of-care test results and, thus, to be a powerful tool for increasing triage efficiency. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher . Published by Oxford University Press for the Infectious Diseases Society of America Data Source Authors Boisen,M.L., Cross,R.W., Hartnett,J.N., Goba,A., Momoh,M., Fullah,M., Gbakie,M., Safa,S., Fonnie,M., Baimba,F., Koroma,V.J., Geisbert,J.B., McCormick,S., Nelson,D.K., Millett,M.M., Oottamasathien,D., Jones,A.B., Pham,H., Brown,B.L., Shaffer,J.G., Schieffelin,J.S., Kargbo,B., Gbetuwa,M., Gevao,S.M., Wilson,R.B., Pitts,K.R., Geisbert,T.W., Branco,L.M., Khan,S.H., Grant,D.S., Garry,R.F. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20160811 PMCID Editors
Assessment of air quality in Stockholm by personal monitoring of nonsmokers for respirable suspended particles and environmental tobacco smoke	1996	Corning Hazleton (Europe), Harrogate North Yorkshire, England.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Scandinavian journal of work, environment & health Periodical, Abbrev. Scand.J.Work Environ.Health Pub Date Free Form Volume 22 Suppl 1 Issue Start Page 1 Other Pages 24 Notes LR: 20131121; JID: 7511540; 0 (Air Pollutants); 0 (Tobacco Smoke Pollution); K5161X06LL (Cotinine); ppublish Place of Publication FINLAND ISSN/ISBN 0355-3140; 0355-3140 Accession Number PMID: 8817762 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 125 [pii] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 8817762 Abstract Exposure to respirable suspended particles (RSP) from all sources and environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) was assessed for 190 nonsmokers in Stockholm during 1994. Each subject wore a personal monitor for 24-h, provided saliva samples for cotinine analysis, and completed a detailed questionnaire about air quality and life-style. The subjects consisted of housewives and househusbands in one main group and working men and women in the second. The housewives and househusbands wore a single monitor throughout the 24-h period and the working subjects wore one monitor at work and a separate monitor while not at work. The geodemographic distribution of the recruited subjects accurately reflected the population of Stockholm. For most of the subjects, exposure to ETS and nicotine was at or below the limits of quantification (LOQ). This finding was supported by the fact that about 80% of the recruited subjects claimed that their exposure to ETS was "none" or "low". The concentration of RSP was found to be highest (median 39 micrograms.m-3) in homes where smoking occurred and below the LOQ in the workplace irrespective of its smoking status. These levels are at the lowest end of typical indoor air levels for RSP. For the housewives and househusbands living in smoking homes (nonsmoking homes in parentheses), the median exposure levels were 39 micrograms.m-3 (18 micrograms.m-3) for RSP, 17 micrograms . m-3 (0.12 micrograms . m-3) for ETS particles, and 1.1 micrograms.m-3 (0.05 micrograms.m-3) for nicotine. Both the pre- and postmonitoring continine saliva levels measured for these housewives and househusbands were 2.9 ng.ml-1 (pre-0.56 ng.ml-1, post-0.41 ng.ml-1). The highest exposure levels were recorded for the housewives and househusbands in the age range of 35-49 years. For the working subjects, the exposure measured in smoking workplaces (nonsmoking workplaces in parentheses) gave median levels of 16 micrograms.m-3 (16 micrograms.m-3) for RSP, 1.1 micrograms.m-3) for ETS particles and 0.2 micrograms.m-3 (0.15 microgram.m-3) for nicotine. Similarly measured exposures at home (nonsmoking homes in parentheses), including all other locations outside the workplace, gave median levels of 24 micrograms.m-3 (19 micrograms.m-3) for RSP, 1.4 micrograms. m-3 (0.2 microgram.m-3) for ETS particles, and 0.15 microgram.m-3 (0.07 microgram.m-3) for nicotine. Overall, the exposure levels of ETS due to living with smokers in Stockholm was found to be much lower than similar exposures measured previously in the United Kingdom and the United States. Over 70% of all the nicotine measurements and 60% of all the ETS measurements were below the LOQ. When the median values for nicotine and ETS particles are converted to cigarette equivalents, Stockholm housewives and househusbands living with smokers would receive 6-9 cigarette equivalents per year, working nonsmokers living with smokers would receive 0.6-0.7 cigarette equivalents at home, and nonsmokers working with smokers would be exposed to 0.1-0.2 cigarette equivalent at work. The exposures were therefore up to six times greater at home than in workplaces where smoking was occurring. Although all the subjects were recruited as nonsmokers on the basis of their self-reported nonsmoking status, saliva continine measurements were used for confirmation. Subjects with continine levels below 25 ng.ml-1 were considered to be nonsmokers although the selection of a threshold level within the range of 10-50 ng.ml-1 was not considered to be critical. With a threshold of 25 ng.ml-1, between 2.7% and 5.3% were later shown to be misclassified as nonsmokers, depending on the definition of misclassification used. During the study period the air quality in Stockholm could be described according a British nomenclature as "very good" for the majority of the time. The daily average at no time fell below "good," and the maximum hourly nitrogen dioxide level was 111 micrograms.m-3 (inner c Descriptors Adult, Aged, Air Pollutants/analysis, Air Pollution, Indoor/analysis/statistics & numerical data, Cotinine/analysis, Environmental Monitoring, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Saliva/chemistry, Sweden, Tobacco Smoke Pollution/statistics & numerical data Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Phillips,K., Bentley,M. C., Howard,D. A., Alvan,G. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Effects of sulfuric acid rain on major cation and sulfate concentrations of water percolating through two model hardwood forests	1982	Corvallis Environm. Res. Lab., USEPA, Washington, DC 20406	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Journal of environmental quality Periodical, Abbrev. J.Environ.Qual. Pub Date Free Form 1982/ Volume 11 Issue 1 Start Page 57 Other Pages 64 Notes Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN 0047-2425 Accession Number Language SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract Acid precipitation falls on vast areas of forested land, including most of the eastern deciduous forest of the United States. Forest productivity, ground-water quality, and surface waters might all be affected. To document and quantify ecosystem response to the onset of acid precipitation, simulated sulfuric acid (H2SO4) rain was applied to model forest plots of sugar maple (Acer saccharum Marsh.) and red alder (Alnus rubra Bong). One set of four plots (two alder and two maple) received a control rain consisting of a stock solution equilibrated with atmospheric CO2 to approximately pH 5.7. For three sets of four plots, sufficient H2SO4 was added to the stock solution to lower the pH to 4.0, 3.5, or 3.0. Nozzles were used to apply simulated acid rain at the rate of 2.8 mm/hour (maple) or 3.7 mm/hour (alder) for 3 hours/day, 3 days/week, throughout the year. Water samples were collected above and below the canopy, below the litter layer, and from 20-cm and 1-m depths below the surface of the soil. While constituents of the throughfall were similar to those of the simulated rain, the litter leachate (the actual input to the soil) had consistently higher concentrations of SO42-, Ca2+, and Mg2+, and higher pH, than the acid rain. For the first 6 months, SO42- adsorption by the soil prevented any apparent differences in the SO42-, Ca2+, or Mg2+ concentrations or the pH of samples taken from a depth of 20 cm from plots receiving either acid or control treatments. Then, SO42- concentrations at this depth on plots receiving the most acidic rain (pH 3.0) became increasingly higher than on the other plots until, after 3 years, they were approximately equal to SO42- concentrations in the rain. Soil solutions from the pH 3.5 and 4.0 treatments responded similarly starting 10 months and 1 year, respectively, after initiation of exposure to acid rain. Increased Ca2+, Mg2+, and, to a lesser extent, K+ concentrations and lowered pH in solutions from the 20-cm depths occurred simultaneously with increased SO42- concentrations. At a depth of 1 m, no acid-rain-related effects were evident after 2.5 years exposure to pH 3.0 H2SO4 rain. Results showed that a hardwood canopy and litter layer can alter the input of chemicals to the soil from acid rain, that the relative sensitivity of ions to mobilization by acid rain is not the same for all components of an ecosystem, and that acid rain can alter the chemical composition of water within the root zone within a few years, even if the soil is a strong sulfate adsorber. Descriptors calcium, ground water, magnesium, rain, sulfuric acid, sulfuric acid derivative, unclassified drug, vascular plant, leaching, soil, theoretical study, water quality Links Book Title Database Embase Publisher Data Source Embase Authors Lee,J. J., Weber,D. E. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Effect of simulated sulfuric acid rain on the chemistry of a sulfate-absorbing forest soil	1985	Corvallis Environmental Research Laboratory, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Corvallis, OR 97333	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Water, air, and soil pollution Periodical, Abbrev. Water Air Soil Pollut. Pub Date Free Form 1985/ Volume 25 Issue 2 Start Page 185 Other Pages 193 Notes Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN 0049-6979 Accession Number Language SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract Simulated H2SO4 rain (pH 3.0, 3.5, 4.0) or control rain (pH 5.6) was applied for 3.5 yr to large lysimeter boxes containing a sulfate-adsorbing forest soil and either red alder (Alnus rubra Bong) or sugar maple (Acer saccharum Marsh.) seedlings. After removal of the plants and the litter layer, soil samples were obtained at 15-cm intervals to a total depth of 90 cm. Elevated SO4 concentrations caused by the simulated H2SO4 rain were most pronounced for the top 15 cm, but extended down to 45 cm (maple) or 75 cm (alder). There were no effects on SO4 concentrations at a depth of 75 to 90 cm. This confirmed the existence of a sulfate front between 20 cm and 100 cm, as postulated earlier on the basis of extracted soil solutions. Decreases in Mg and Ca concentrations, base saturation, and soil pH were limited to the uppermost 15 cm and, in most cases, to the pH 3.0 treatment. Concentrations of Mg and Ca for the pH 3.0 treatments were greater than control at a depth of 15 to 30 cm, indicating transport of these cations from the soil surface. Concentrations of Na and K, and cation exchange capacity, were not affected by simulated H2SO4 rain. Elevated concentrations of NO3 and extractable Zn throughout the alder systems indicated (1) either increased rates of symbiotic N-fixation or decreased rates of N immobilization; and (2) mobilization of Zn by all acid rain treatments. Descriptors sulfate, sulfuric acid, acid rain, adsorption, vascular plant, nonhuman, priority journal, soil, theoretical study, tree Links Book Title Database Embase Publisher Data Source Embase Authors Lee,J. J. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Application of hydraulic transients for leak detection in water supply systems	2004	Covas, D., Civil Eng. Dept., Instituto Superior TÃ©cnico, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Water Science and Technology: Water Supply Periodical, Abbrev. Water Sci.Technol.Water Supply Pub Date Free Form 2004/ Volume 4 Issue 6-May Start Page 365 Other Pages 374 Notes Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN 1606-9749 Accession Number Language SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract The current paper reports the investigation of two transient-based techniques for leak detection in water pipe systems using physical data collected in the laboratory and in quasi-field conditions. The first is the analysis of the leak reflected wave during a transient event and the second is inverse transient analysis (ITA). This was approached through the development of an inverse transient analysis tool and the collection of transient data for the testing and validation of this model. Two experimental programmes were carried out at Imperial College and in cooperation with Thames Water for the validation and testing of these techniques. Evaluation of the presence, location and size of leaks was carried out using the collected data. Transient-based techniques have been shown to be successful in the detection and location of leaks and leak location uncertainties depended on the leak size and location, flow regime and location where the transient event was generated. These leak detection methods are very promising for identifying the general area of the trunk main with leakage, and can be combined with other leak location techniques (e.g. acoustic equipment) to more precisely pinpoint the leak position. Transient-based techniques are particularly important for the diagnosis, monitoring and control of existing water supply systems, not only to detect leaks, but also to better understand the causes of pipe bursts and accidents, particularly when these are due to natural transient events. Descriptors acoustics, analytic method, conference paper, cooperation, data analysis, equipment design, flow kinetics, hydraulic conductivity, inverse transient analysis, laboratory diagnosis, physical chemistry, tube, water supply Links Book Title Database Embase Publisher Data Source Embase Authors Covas,D., Ramos,H., Graham,N., Maksimovic,C. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
N-[3a-(4-Bromo-phen-yl)-8b-hy-droxy-6,8-dimeth-oxy-3-phenyl-2,3,3a,8b-tetra-hydro -1H-cyclo-penta-[b]benzofuran-1-yl]formamide monohydrate	2013	Cristallographie, Resonance Magnetique et Modelisations (CRM2), UMR CNRS-UHP 7036, Institut Jean Barriol, Universite de Lorraine, BP 70239, Bd des Aiguillettes, 54506 Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, France.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Acta crystallographica.Section E, Structure reports online Periodical, Abbrev. Acta Crystallogr.Sect.E.Struct.Rep.Online Pub Date Free Form 1-Jan Volume 69 Issue Pt 1 Start Page o52 Other Pages 3 Notes LR: 20130418; JID: 101089178; OID: NLM: PMC3588239; 2012/11/22 [received]; 2012/12/03 [accepted]; 2012/12/08 [epublish]; ppublish Place of Publication United States ISSN/ISBN 1600-5368; 1600-5368 Accession Number PMID: 23476436 Language eng SubFile Journal Article DOI 10.1107/S1600536812049641 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 23476436 Abstract In the title compound, C26H24BrNO5.H2O, a synthetic analogue of natural flavagline, the cyclo-pentane ring adopts an envelope conformation (the flap atom bearing the phenyl group) and the vicinal phenyl and bromo-phenyl groups are slightly shifted relative to each other [CPh-C-C-CPhBr = 36.3 (2) degrees ]. Intra-molecular N-Hcdots, three dots, centeredO and C-Hcdots, three dots, centeredO hydrogen bonds form S(5) motifs. In the crystal, the organic and the water mol-ecules are linked by an O-Hcdots, three dots, centeredO hydrogen bond. Pairs of organic and water mol-ecules, located about inversion centers, inter-act through O-Hcdots, three dots, centeredO hydrogen bonds, forming R4(4)(20) and R4(4)(26) motifs, which together lead to C2(2)(9) motifs. The crystal packing is also characterized by N-Hcdots, three dots, centeredO and C-Hcdots, three dots, centeredO hydrogen bonds between neighbouring organic mol-ecules, forming R2(2)(10) and R2(2)(18) motifs, respectively. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Aubert,E., Thuaud,F., Ribeiro,N., Desaubry,L., Espinosa,E. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20121208 PMCID PMC3588239 Editors
Stem growth reduction in mature sitka spruce trees exposed to acid mist	1997	Crossley, A., Institute of Terrestrial Ecology, Penicuik, Midlothian, EH26 0QB, United Kingdom	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Environmental Pollution Periodical, Abbrev. Environ.Pollut. Pub Date Free Form 1997/ Volume 96 Issue 2 Start Page 185 Other Pages 193 Notes Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN 0269-7491 Accession Number Language SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract An eighteen-year-old clone of Sitka spruce (Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr) growing in the field was used to evaluate the whole tree response of 'mature' Sitka spruce to acid mist treatment. The mist, an equimolar mixture of H2SO4 and NH4NO3 at pH 2.5 with or without particles (soda glass ballotini < 20 Î¼m diameter), was applied twice weekly (equivalent to 4 mm precipitation week-1) throughout the growing season, May-November 1990-1992. The annual dose of S, N, H applied as mist (at 51, 48 and 3.3 kg ha-1, respectively) was 2.5 times that measured in the Scottish uplands. Throughout the experiment there was no evidence of visible injury symptoms, yet there was a highly significant reduction (p < 0.02) in the stem-area increment relative to the stent area at the start, measured using vernier dendrometer bands. There was no significant difference between the (acid mist + particle) and the acid mist only treatments. The mean relative stent-area increment over two complete growing seasons (1991-1992) was 65% for control trees, but only 53% for acid-misted trees. Descriptors ammonium nitrate, sulfuric acid, acid rain, air pollution, airborne particle, article, environmental exposure, forest, growth inhibition, pH, tree, United Kingdom, water vapor Links Book Title Database Embase Publisher Data Source Embase Authors Crossley,A., Sheppard,L. J., Cape,J. N., Smith,R. I., Harvey,F. J. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors

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