WTS database

Title	Pub Year	Author	SearchLink Sort descending
Role of discontinuous chlorination on microbial production by drinking water biofilms	2005	Lab. Health & Environmental Microbiology, Polytechnical University of Catalonia, Terrassa-08222, Barcelona, Spain.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Water research Periodical, Abbrev. Water Res. Pub Date Free Form May Volume 39 Issue 9 Start Page 1896 Other Pages 1906 Notes LR: 20131121; JID: 0105072; 4R7X1O2820 (Chlorine); 2003/11/19 [received]; 2004/09/16 [revised]; 2005/02/21 [accepted]; 2005/04/26 [aheadofprint]; ppublish Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 0043-1354; 0043-1354 Accession Number PMID: 15899288 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; IM DOI S0043-1354(05)00107-7 [pii] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 15899288 Abstract Microbial quality in water distribution systems is strongly affected by the development of microbial biofilms. Production and release of microbial cells by the biofilm affect microbial levels in the water column and in some cases this fact constitutes a public health concern. In this study, we attempt to analyze in which way the existence of different episodes of chlorine depletion affects both biofilm formation and microbial load of an artificial laboratory system. The work was carried out using two parallel packed bed reactors both supplied with running tap water. One of the reactors was used as a control and was permanently exposed to the action of chlorine. In the other reactor, chlorine was neutralized at selected times during the experiment and for periods of variable length. During the experiment the concentration of total and viable cells from the effluent was monitored at the exit of each of the reactors. The data obtained were used to estimate microbial production from the biofilms. As an average, release of microbial cells to the water phase increased tenfold in the absence of chlorine. The results also indicate that disinfectant efficiency against the biofilm was not recovered when chlorine returned to normal levels after each event of chlorine neutralization. Cell viability in the water phase in the presence of chlorine was low at the beginning of the experiment but increased 4 orders of magnitude after five neutralization periods. Therefore, subsequent episodes of chlorine depletion may accelerate the development of microbial communities with reduced susceptibility to disinfection in real drinking water systems. Descriptors Biofilms/growth & development, Bioreactors, Chlorine/analysis/chemistry, Colony Count, Microbial, Water Microbiology, Water Purification/methods, Water Supply Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Codony,F., Morato,J., Mas,J. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20050426 PMCID Editors
A single air dive reduces arterial endothelial function in man	2005	Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway. alfb@ntnu.no	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full The Journal of physiology Periodical, Abbrev. J.Physiol. Pub Date Free Form 1-Aug Volume 566 Issue Pt 3 Start Page 901 Other Pages 906 Notes LR: 20140606; JID: 0266262; 0 (Gases); OID: NLM: PMC1464788; 2005/06/16 [aheadofprint]; ppublish Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 0022-3751; 0022-3751 Accession Number PMID: 15961424 Language eng SubFile Clinical Trial; Controlled Clinical Trial; Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI jphysiol.2005.089862 [pii] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 15961424 Abstract During and after decompression from dives, gas bubbles are regularly observed in the right ventricular outflow tract. A number of studies have documented that these bubbles can lead to endothelial dysfunction in the pulmonary artery but no data exist on the effect of diving on arterial endothelial function. The present study investigated if diving or oxygen breathing would influence endothelial arterial function in man. A total of 21 divers participated in this study. Nine healthy experienced male divers with a mean age of 31 +/- 5 years were compressed in a hyperbaric chamber to 280 kPa at a rate of 100 kPa min(-1) breathing air and remaining at pressure for 80 min. The ascent rate during decompression was 9 kPa min(-1) with a 7 min stop at 130 kPa (US Navy procedure). Another group of five experienced male divers (31 +/- 6 years) breathed 60% oxygen (corresponding to the oxygen tension of air at 280 kPa) for 80 min. Before and after exposure, endothelial function was assessed in both groups as flow-mediated dilatation (FMD) by ultrasound in the brachial artery. The results were compared to data obtained from a group of seven healthy individuals of the same age who had never dived. The dive produced few vascular bubbles, but a significant arterial diameter increase from 4.5 +/- 0.7 to 4.8 +/- 0.8 mm (mean +/- s.d.) and a significant reduction of FMD from 9.2 +/- 6.9 to 5.0 +/- 6.7% were observed as an indication of reduced endothelial function. In the group breathing oxygen, arterial diameter increased significantly from 4.4 +/- 0.3 mm to 4.7 +/- 0.3 mm, while FMD showed an insignificant decrease. Oxygen breathing did not decrease nitroglycerine-induced dilatation significantly. In the normal controls the arterial diameter and FMD were 4.1 +/- 0.4 mm and 7.7 +/- 0.2.8%, respectively. This study shows that diving can lead to acute arterial endothelial dysfunction in man and that oxygen breathing will increase arterial diameter after return to breathing air. Further studies are needed to determine if these mechanisms are involved in tissue injury following diving. Descriptors Adult, Decompression Sickness/etiology/prevention & control, Diving/adverse effects/physiology, Endothelium, Vascular/physiology, Gases/blood, Humans, Male, Pulmonary Artery/physiology Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Brubakk,A. O., Duplancic,D., Valic,Z., Palada,I., Obad,A., Bakovic,D., Wisloff,U., Dujic,Z. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20050616 PMCID PMC1464788 Editors
Analysis of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in wastewater treatment plant effluents using hollow fibre liquid-phase microextraction	2005	Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Crete, Polytechneioupolis, University Campus, GR-73100, Chania, Crete, Greece.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Chemosphere Periodical, Abbrev. Chemosphere Pub Date Free Form Jul Volume 60 Issue 5 Start Page 690 Other Pages 698 Notes LR: 20091119; JID: 0320657; 0 (Polycyclic Hydrocarbons, Aromatic); 0 (Water Pollutants, Chemical); 2004/02/17 [received]; 2004/12/22 [revised]; 2005/01/12 [accepted]; 2005/03/03 [aheadofprint]; ppublish Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 0045-6535; 0045-6535 Accession Number PMID: 15963807 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; IM DOI S0045-6535(05)00188-8 [pii] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 15963807 Abstract A simple and efficient method for the enrichment of low molecular weight polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in effluents originating from wastewater treatment plants is presented here. The proposed protocol couples the recently introduced hollow fibre liquid-phase microextraction (LPME) method with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Method parameters were controlled and the optimised experimental conditions were: 5 ml aqueous samples, containing 2.5% NaCl w/v, stirred at 1000 rpm, extracted with toluene for 15 min. The developed protocol yielded a linear calibration curve in the concentration range from 0.5 to 50 microg l(-1) for all target analytes (namely acenaphthene, phenanthrene, fluoranthene and pyrene) and limits of detection in the low microg l(-1) level (0.005-0.011 microg l(-1)). The repeatability and inter-day precision of the method varied between 2.7% and 11.3% and 7.9% and 14.4% respectively. The relative recoveries from different types of natural water samples revealed that matrix had a small effect on the hollow fibre LPME process. The developed method was then applied for the determination of PAHs contamination in effluent samples taken from two major municipal wastewater treatment plants. The results were compared with those obtained with solid-phase microextraction. The ability of both microextraction methods to concentrate organic analytes was demonstrated as both methods confirmed the presence of PAHs as well as of phthalates in the examined effluent samples. Descriptors Chemistry Techniques, Analytical/methods, Environmental Monitoring/instrumentation/methods, Equipment Design, Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry, Polycyclic Hydrocarbons, Aromatic/analysis, Waste Disposal, Fluid, Water Pollutants, Chemical/analysis Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Charalabaki,M., Psillakis,E., Mantzavinos,D., Kalogerakis,N. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20050303 PMCID Editors
Impact of RO-desalted water on distribution water qualities	2005	Civil and Environmental Engineering Department, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816, USA. taylor@mail.ucf.edu	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Water science and technology : a journal of the International Association on Water Pollution Research Periodical, Abbrev. Water Sci.Technol. Pub Date Free Form Volume 51 Issue 7-Jun Start Page 285 Other Pages 291 Notes LR: 20131121; JID: 9879497; 0 (Chlorides); 0 (Metals); 0 (Salts); 0 (Sulfates); E1UOL152H7 (Iron); H0G9379FGK (Calcium Carbonate); ppublish Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 0273-1223; 0273-1223 Accession Number PMID: 16003988 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 16003988 Abstract A large-scale pilot distribution study was conducted to investigate the impacts of blending different source waters on distribution water qualities, with an emphasis on metal release (i.e. corrosion). The principal source waters investigated were conventionally treated ground water (G1), surface water processed by enhanced treatment (S1), and desalted seawater by reverse osmosis membranes (RO). Due to the nature of raw water quality and associated treatment processes, G1 water had high alkalinity, while S1 and RO sources were characterized as high sulfate and high chloride waters, respectively. The blending ratio of different treated waters determined the quality of finished waters. Iron release from aged cast iron pipes increased significantly when exposed to RO and S1 waters: that is, the greater iron release was experienced with alkalinity reduced below the background of G1 water. Copper release to drinking water, however, increased with increasing alkalinity and decreasing pH. Lead release, on the other hand, increased with increasing chloride and decreasing sulfate. The effect of pH and alkalinity on lead release was not clearly observed from pilot blending study. The flat and compact corrosion scales observed for lead surface exposed to S1 water may be attributable to lead concentration less than that of RO water blends. Descriptors Calcium Carbonate/chemistry, Chlorides/chemistry, Corrosion, Filtration, Fresh Water/chemistry, Hydrogen-Ion Concentration, Iron/chemistry, Membranes, Metals/chemistry, Osmosis, Salts/isolation & purification, Seawater/chemistry, Sulfates/chemistry, Water Purification/methods, Water Supply/standards Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Taylor,J., Dietz,J., Randall,A., Hong,S. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Inner ear decompression sickness following a scuba dive	1992	Department of Otolaryngology, National Defense Medical College.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Nihon Jibiinkoka Gakkai kaiho Periodical, Abbrev. Nihon Jibiinkoka Gakkai.Kaiho Pub Date Free Form Apr Volume 95 Issue 4 Start Page 499 Other Pages 504 Notes LR: 20110728; JID: 7505728; ppublish Place of Publication JAPAN ISSN/ISBN 0030-6622; 0030-6622 Accession Number PMID: 1602351 Language jpn SubFile Case Reports; English Abstract; Journal Article; IM DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 1602351 Abstract Inner ear decompression sickness (IEDCS) is one form of Type II decompression sickness. Most cases of IEDCS have been associated with saturation dives, so there are very few reports of occurrence following shallow scuba dives. We present here the case of a diver who suffered from IEDCS following a shallow scuba dive (30m), and was successfully treated by the protocol outlined in U.S. Navy treatment table 6. This case suggests that there is the possibility of occurrence of IEDCS, even following a shallow scuba dive, if proper decompression procedures are not adhered to. In addition, detailed analysis of diving profiles should be used to distinguish the inner ear dysfunction seen in some divers from inner ear barotrauma which may be attributable to IEDCS. Descriptors Adult, Decompression Sickness/etiology, Diving/injuries, Ear, Inner/injuries, Humans, Male Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Satoh,M., Kitahara,S., Inouye,T., Ikeda,T. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Anti-metabolic activity of caspofungin against Candida albicans and Candida parapsilosis biofilms	2005	Laboratoire de Parasitologie et Mycologie Medicales, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire La Miletrie, BP 577, 86021 Poitiers Cedex, France.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy Periodical, Abbrev. J.Antimicrob.Chemother. Pub Date Free Form Sep Volume 56 Issue 3 Start Page 507 Other Pages 512 Notes LR: 20131121; JID: 7513617; 0 (Antifungal Agents); 0 (Antimetabolites); 0 (Echinocandins); 0 (Peptides, Cyclic); 8VZV102JFY (Fluconazole); F0XDI6ZL63 (caspofungin); 2005/07/22 [aheadofprint]; ppublish Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 0305-7453; 0305-7453 Accession Number PMID: 16040622 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; IM DOI dki269 [pii] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 16040622 Abstract OBJECTIVES: Candidiasis can be associated with the formation of biofilms on bioprosthetic surfaces and the intrinsic resistance of Candida albicans biofilms to the most commonly used antifungal agents has been demonstrated. In this study, we report on the antifungal activity of caspofungin at two different concentrations, on C. albicans and Candida parapsilosis biofilms with different ages of maturation. METHODS: Fifteen strains of C. albicans (10 strains susceptible to fluconazole in vitro and five strains resistant to this antifungal agent) and six strains of C. parapsilosis (all were susceptible to fluconazole in vitro) were studied. The antifungal activity of caspofungin was assessed by looking for a significant inhibition of the metabolic activity of yeasts within biofilms. Biofilms of Candida were produced in vitro, on silicone catheters. RESULTS: Caspofungin used at MIC did not modify the metabolic activity of C. albicans, whatever the maturation age of the biofilms. The same concentration of caspofungin significantly reduced the metabolism (P<or=0.001) of 25% (biofilms of 48 h) to 50% (biofilms of 2 h) of the C. parapsilosis yeasts. The use of a therapeutic concentration of caspofungin (2 mg/L) significantly decreased (P<or=0.001) the metabolism of all the strains of C. albicans and C. parapsilosis tested, independently of the biofilm maturation age. This potent antifungal activity of caspofungin on C. albicans biofilms was observed independently of the yeast susceptibility to fluconazole. CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrated that caspofungin used at MIC was not sufficient to reduce C. albicans biofilms, but it suggested an activity on C. parapsilosis biofilms depending on their maturation age. This study also indicated that caspofungin used at 2 mg/L could be a good candidate in the prevention of candidiasis associated with silicone medical devices. Our results also suggested that fluconazole resistance of yeasts did not affect caspofungin activity. Descriptors Antifungal Agents/pharmacology, Antimetabolites/pharmacology, Biofilms/drug effects/growth & development, Candida/drug effects/physiology, Candida albicans, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, Drug Resistance, Multiple, Fungal, Echinocandins, Fluconazole/pharmacology, Microbial Sensitivity Tests, Peptides, Cyclic/pharmacology Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Cocuaud,C., Rodier,M. H., Daniault,G., Imbert,C. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20050722 PMCID Editors
Trace analysis of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in suspended particulate matter by accelerated solvent extraction followed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry	2005	Institute for Environment and Sustainability (IES), Inland and Marine Waters Unit, Joint Research Centre of the European Commission, 21020 Ispra (VA), Italy. angels.olivella@terra.es	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry Periodical, Abbrev. Anal.Bioanal Chem. Pub Date Free Form Sep Volume 383 Issue 1 Start Page 107 Other Pages 114 Notes LR: 20160512; JID: 101134327; 0 (Anthracenes); 0 (Hexanes); 0 (Naphthalenes); 0 (Polycyclic Hydrocarbons, Aromatic); 0 (Solvents); 0 (Water Pollutants, Chemical); 1364PS73AF (Acetone); 2166IN72UN (naphthalene); EH46A1TLD7 (anthracene); 2005/03/14 [receive Place of Publication Germany ISSN/ISBN 1618-2642; 1618-2642 Accession Number PMID: 16041602 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.1007/s00216-005-3383-1 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 16041602 Abstract An analytical procedure based on extraction by accelerated solvent extraction (ASE) followed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS) analysis has been developed for the determination of particulate polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) from large-volume water samples (20 L). The effect of temperature and number of cycles on the efficiency of ASE was investigated: the best results were obtained by using a temperature of 100 degrees C and one static cycle. A mixture of hexane/acetone 1:1 (v/v) was used as extraction solvent. Mean total method recovery under optimized conditions was 85%. The developed methodology was applied to the analysis of suspended particulate matter from Lake Maggiore waters (north of Italy). Mean PAH concentrations in suspended particulate matter from Lake Maggiore ranged from 0.2 ng L(-1) for anthracene to 18.7 ng L(-1) for naphthalene. Descriptors Acetone/chemistry, Anthracenes/analysis, Fresh Water/analysis, Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry/methods, Hexanes/chemistry, Naphthalenes/analysis, Polycyclic Hydrocarbons, Aromatic/analysis, Solvents/chemistry, Temperature, Water Pollutants, Chemical/analysis Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Olivella,M. A. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20051019 PMCID Editors
Identification of predominant lactic acid bacteria isolated from traditionally fermented vegetable products of the Eastern Himalayas	2005	Department of Botany, Sikkim Government College, Gangtok, Sikkim 737 102, India.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full International journal of food microbiology Periodical, Abbrev. Int.J.Food Microbiol. Pub Date Free Form 15-Dec Volume 105 Issue 3 Start Page 347 Other Pages 356 Notes LR: 20061115; JID: 8412849; 2004/10/05 [received]; 2005/01/22 [revised]; 2005/04/20 [accepted]; 2005/08/01 [aheadofprint]; ppublish Place of Publication Netherlands ISSN/ISBN 0168-1605; 0168-1605 Accession Number PMID: 16055218 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI S0168-1605(05)00335-1 [pii] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 16055218 Abstract Gundruk, sinki and khalpi are lactic-fermented vegetable products of Sikkim in India, and inziangsang is a fermented leafy vegetable product of Nagaland and Manipur in India. A total of 65 samples of gundruk (25), sinki (12), khalpi (25) and inziangsang (3) were analysed for microbial counts. The population of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) as well as aerobic mesophilic counts were at the level of 10(7) cfu g(-1). Yeasts were detected only in few samples of sinki and khalpi. No moulds were detected. In order to identify the predominating organisms, a total of 269 strains of LAB were isolated from gundruk, sinki, khalpi and inziangsang samples. The phenotypic characteristics of these strains were determined followed by genotyping using RAPD-PCR, repetitive element PCR and species-specific PCR techniques. The major representatives of the LAB involved in these fermentations were identified as Lactobacillus brevis, Lactobacillus plantarum, Pediococcus pentosaceus, Pediococcus acidilactici and Leuconostoc fallax. Descriptors Colony Count, Microbial, Fermentation, Food Microbiology, Genotype, Humans, India, Lactobacillus/classification/isolation & purification, Leuconostoc/classification/isolation & purification, Pediococcus/classification/isolation & purification, Phenotype, Phylogeny, Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA Technique, Vegetables/microbiology Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Tamang,J. P., Tamang,B., Schillinger,U., Franz,C. M., Gores,M., Holzapfel,W. H. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20050801 PMCID Editors
Smoking habits, attitudes and smoking cessation among sixth-year medical students of Kaunas University of Medicine	2005	Institute for Biomedical Research, Kaunas University of Medicine, Kaunas, Lithuania. aurel@centras.lt	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) Periodical, Abbrev. Medicina (Kaunas) Pub Date Free Form Volume 41 Issue 7 Start Page 607 Other Pages 613 Notes LR: 20151119; JID: 9425208; ppublish Place of Publication Lithuania ISSN/ISBN 1648-9144; 1010-660X Accession Number PMID: 16062029 Language lit SubFile Comparative Study; English Abstract; Journal Article; IM DOI 0507-09 [pii] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 16062029 Abstract The aim of the study was to assess trends of smoking and the relation between smoking behavior of undergraduate medical students and their attitudes towards smoking and treatment of tobacco dependence. METHODS: Data were collected from sixth-year medical students of Kaunas University of Medicine during ten consecutive years. A total of 1518 students completed the anonymous questionnaire; response rate was 83.5%. RESULTS: The daily smoking rate was 19.4% in males and 4.2% in females; 15.9% and 10.4% respectively were irregular smokers, never smoked 41.6% of males and 64% of females. 70% of smokers and 83% of nonsmokers agreed that tobacco smoking is one of the greatest health hazards of modern times; 97.1% of all students considered passive smoking as harmful. More nonsmokers (70%) than smokers (5l%) were aware of addictive nature of tobacco, but there was a little difference in their opinion about support to smokers for quitting: 83.2% of smokers and 87.1% of nonsmokers stated that medical doctors should help smokers to give up smoking and 68% of them thought that doctors had not enough knowledge how to help. Less smokers (55%) than nonsmokers (87%) believed that smoking should be banned in hospitals. CONCLUSIONS: Prevalence of smoking was significantly lower among medical students than in general population. There were no significant changes in smoking prevalence among male medical students during the period of 1995-2004. At the same time smoking prevalence among female medical students increased more than twice. Attitudes of smokers and nonsmokers were significantly different on most items of tobacco, but knowledge of tobacco problem in the undergraduate students was not sufficient. Teaching about tobacco and related issues remains essential in the undergraduate medical course. Descriptors Attitude to Health, Chi-Square Distribution, Female, Health Education, Humans, Lithuania/epidemiology, Male, Prevalence, Sex Factors, Smoking/epidemiology/prevention & control, Smoking Cessation, Students, Medical, Surveys and Questionnaires Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Veryga,A., Stanikas,T. Original/Translated Title Kauno medicinos universiteto Medicinos fakulteto studentu rukymo iprociai ir poziuris i rukymo kontrole URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Bacterial community structure in kimchi, a Korean fermented vegetable food, as revealed by 16S rRNA gene analysis	2005	School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, 56-1 Shillim-dong, Kwanak-gu, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full International journal of food microbiology Periodical, Abbrev. Int.J.Food Microbiol. Pub Date Free Form 15-Aug Volume 103 Issue 1 Start Page 91 Other Pages 96 Notes LR: 20061115; JID: 8412849; 0 (RNA, Bacterial); 0 (RNA, Ribosomal, 16S); 2004/03/30 [received]; 2004/06/04 [revised]; 2004/11/25 [accepted]; ppublish Place of Publication Netherlands ISSN/ISBN 0168-1605; 0168-1605 Accession Number PMID: 16084269 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI S0168-1605(05)00076-0 [pii] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 16084269 Abstract Kimchi is a traditional Korean food fermented from a variety of vegetables. We elucidated the microbial community structure of five commercially produced kimchis made from Chinese cabbage by examining culture-independent 16S rRNA gene clone libraries. Most of the clones (347 out of 348) belonged to lactic acid bacteria and included several species of the genera Lactobacillus, Leuconostoc and Weissella. Weissella koreensis was found in all the samples and predominated in three of them (42.6-82%). Leuconostoc gelidum, Leuconostoc gasicomitatum and Lactobacillus sakei were common in the remaining kimchi clone libraries (>34%). The composition of bacterial phylotypes in kimchi varied between samples. Our approach revealed different community structures from those reported in previous culture-dependent studies based on phenotypic identification methods. The culture-independent method used here proved to be efficient and accurate and showed that the bacterial communities in kimchi differ from those in other fermented vegetable foods. Descriptors Base Sequence, Brassica/microbiology, Colony Count, Microbial, Fermentation, Korea, Lactobacillus/classification/isolation & purification, Leuconostoc/classification/isolation & purification, Phylogeny, RNA, Bacterial/analysis, RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/analysis, Species Specificity Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Kim,M., Chun,J. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors

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