WTS database

Title	Pub Year	Author	SearchLink Sort descending
Bonding orthodontic brackets to porcelain using different adhesives/enamel conditioners: a comparative study	2005	Department of Orthodontics, College of Dentistry, University of Iowa, 220 Dental Science S, Iowa City, IA 52242-1001, USA Linda-keller@uiowa.edu	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full World journal of orthodontics Periodical, Abbrev. World J.Orthod. Pub Date Free Form Spring Volume 6 Issue 1 Start Page 17 Other Pages 24 Notes LR: 20131121; JID: 100959981; 0 (Composite Resins); 0 (Cyanoacrylates); 0 (Phosphoric Acids); 0 (Resin Cements); 0 (Silanes); 0 (Smartbond); 12001-21-7 (Dental Porcelain); 135669-49-7 (Transbond); 454I75YXY0 (Bisphenol A-Glycidyl Methacrylate); RGL5YE86CZ Place of Publication United States ISSN/ISBN 1530-5678; 1530-5678 Accession Number PMID: 15794038 Language eng SubFile Clinical Trial; Comparative Study; Journal Article; Randomized Controlled Trial; D; IM DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 15794038 Abstract AIM: To evaluate the use of new adhesive/primer materials, including an experimental self-etch primer and a cyanocrylate adhesive, to enhance the shear strength of orthodontic brackets bonded to porcelain surfaces. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Sixty porcelain maxillary central incisor teeth were used. The teeth were randomly divided into four groups: group 1, teeth were etched with 37% phosphoric acid and the brackets were bonded with a composite adhesive; group 2, teeth were microetched, hydrofluoric acid and silane applied, and then the brackets were bonded with a composite adhesive; group 3, an acid-etch primer was used, then the brackets were bonded with the same composite adhesive as in the first 2 groups; group 4, teeth were etched with 35% phosphoric acid and the brackets were bonded with the cyanoacrylate adhesive. RESULTS: The analysis of variance comparing the groups tested (F = 9.446) indicated that there was a significant difference between the 4 groups. The cyanoacrylate adhesive had the lowest shear bond strength (mean = 1.7 +/- 2.1 MPa), followed by the conventional bonding using a 37% phosphoric acid etch and composite (mean = 2.1 +/- 1.2 MPa). The use of Transbond after microetching, with the application of hydrofluoric acid and silane, provided the highest shear bond strength (mean = 5.5 +/- 2.7 MPa). Transbond used with the acid etch-primer had a lower bond strength (mean = 3.8 +/- 2.5 MPa), but was not significantly different from the microetch/hydrofluoric acid/silane group. CONCLUSION: The results indicated that the use of a phosphoric acid etch with either a cyanoacrylate or composite adhesive to bond orthodontic brackets to porcelain surfaces produced significantly lower shear bond strength. Self-etch primers produced higher but less consistent shear bond strength for bonding orthodontic brackets. The most reliable bonding procedure to porcelain surfaces is through microetching with the use of hydrofluoric acid and a silane coupler before bonding, but this also produces the greatest damage to the porcelain surface. Descriptors Acid Etching, Dental/methods, Air Abrasion, Dental, Bisphenol A-Glycidyl Methacrylate/chemistry, Composite Resins/chemistry, Cyanoacrylates/chemistry, Dental Bonding, Dental Enamel, Dental Porcelain/chemistry, Humans, Hydrofluoric Acid/chemistry, Materials Testing, Orthodontic Brackets, Phosphoric Acids/chemistry, Resin Cements/chemistry, Shear Strength, Silanes/chemistry, Stress, Mechanical, Surface Properties Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Bishara,S. E., Ajlouni,R., Oonsombat,C., Laffoon,J. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Safety and efficacy of the nicotine patch and gum for the treatment of adolescent tobacco addiction	2005	Teen Tobacco Addiction Research Clinic, Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, 5500 Nathan Shock Dr, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, USA. emoolcha@intra.nida.nih.gov	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Pediatrics Periodical, Abbrev. Pediatrics Pub Date Free Form Apr Volume 115 Issue 4 Start Page e407 Other Pages 14 Notes LR: 20151119; JID: 0376422; 0 (Chewing Gum); 0 (Nicotinic Agonists); 6M3C89ZY6R (Nicotine); ppublish Place of Publication United States ISSN/ISBN 1098-4275; 0031-4005 Accession Number PMID: 15805342 Language eng SubFile Clinical Trial; Journal Article; Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.; AIM; IM DOI 115/4/e407 [pii] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 15805342 Abstract OBJECTIVES: To determine the safety and efficacy of the nicotine patch and gum for adolescents who want to quit smoking. DESIGN: Double-blind, double-dummy, randomized, 3-arm trial with a nicotine patch (21 mg), nicotine gum (2 and 4 mg), or a placebo patch and gum; all participants received cognitive-behavioral group therapy. SETTING: Inner-city, outpatient clinic on the East Coast. Subjects. Thirteen- to 17-year-old adolescents who smoked > or =10 cigarettes per day (CPD), scored > or =5 on the Fagerstrom Test of Nicotine Dependence, and were motivated to quit smoking. Intervention. Twelve weeks of nicotine patch or gum therapy with cognitive-behavioral therapy, with a follow-up visit at 6 months (3 months after the end of treatment). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Safety assessed on the basis of adverse event reports for all 3 groups, prolonged abstinence, assessed through self-report and verified with exhaled carbon monoxide (CO) levels of < or =6 ppm, in intent-to-treat analyses, and smoking reduction (CPD and thiocyanate concentrations) among trial completers. RESULTS: A total of 120 participants were randomized (72% white, 70% female; age: 15.2 +/- 1.33 years; smoking: 18.8 +/- 8.56 CPD; Fagerstrom Test of Nicotine Dependence score: 7.04 +/- 1.29) from 1999 to 2003. Participants started smoking at 11.2 +/- 1.98 years of age and had been smoking daily for 2.66 +/- 1.56 years; 75% had at least 1 current psychiatric diagnosis. Mean compliance across groups was higher for the patch (mean: 78.4-82.8%) than for the gum (mean: 38.5-50.7%). Both the patch and gum were well tolerated, and adverse events were similar to those reported in adult trials. Changes in mean saliva cotinine concentrations throughout treatment were not statistically significant. Intent-to-treat analyses of all randomized participants showed CO-confirmed prolonged abstinence rates of 18% for the active-patch group, 6.5% for the active-gum group, and 2.5% for the placebo group; the difference between the active-patch and placebo arms was statistically significant. There was no significant effect of patch versus gum or gum versus placebo on cessation outcomes. Abstinence rates at the 3-month follow-up assessment were sustained but were not significantly associated with treatment group. Mean smoking rates, but not CO or thiocyanate concentrations, decreased significantly in all 3 arms but not as a function of treatment group. CONCLUSIONS: Nicotine patch therapy combined with cognitive-behavioral intervention was effective, compared with placebo, for treatment of tobacco dependence among adolescent smokers. Decreases in the numbers of cigarettes smoked appeared to be offset by compensatory smoking. Additional study of nicotine gum, with enhanced instructional support, is needed to assess its efficacy among adolescent smokers. Descriptors Administration, Cutaneous, Adolescent, Chewing Gum/adverse effects, Double-Blind Method, Female, Humans, Logistic Models, Male, Nicotine/adverse effects/therapeutic use, Nicotinic Agonists/adverse effects/therapeutic use, Smoking Cessation/methods, Tobacco Use Disorder/drug therapy Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Moolchan,E. T., Robinson,M. L., Ernst,M., Cadet,J. L., Pickworth,W. B., Heishman,S. J., Schroeder,J. R. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
In vitro activity of caspofungin compared to amphotericin B, fluconazole, and itraconazole against Candida strains isolated in a Turkish University Hospital	2005	Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Microbiology and Clinical Microbiology, Ankara, Turkey. sarikan@metu.edu.tr	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Medical mycology Periodical, Abbrev. Med.Mycol. Pub Date Free Form Mar Volume 43 Issue 2 Start Page 171 Other Pages 178 Notes LR: 20131213; JID: 9815835; 0 (Antifungal Agents); 0 (Echinocandins); 0 (Peptides, Cyclic); 304NUG5GF4 (Itraconazole); 7XU7A7DROE (Amphotericin B); 8VZV102JFY (Fluconazole); F0XDI6ZL63 (caspofungin); ppublish Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1369-3786; 1369-3786 Accession Number PMID: 15832560 Language eng SubFile Comparative Study; Journal Article; IM DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 15832560 Abstract We investigated the in vitro activity of caspofungin compared to amphotericin B, fluconazole, and itraconazole against clinical strains of Candida spp. (n =239). Antifungal susceptibility tests were done in accordance with NCCLS M27-A2 microdilution method and the results were read after 24 and 48 h. In general, 24 h MIC readings were similar to those at 48 h for most isolates and all antifungal agents. Caspofungin was active against all species tested. Caspofungin MICs of Candida parapsilosis were slightly higher than those for other Candida spp. Caspofungin MIC (microg/ml) ranges at 24 h for C. albicans, C. glabrata, C tropicalis, C. parapsilosis, C kefyr, C krusei, C. lusitaniae, C. norvegensis, C. guilliermondii and C. lipolytica were 0.06-2, 0.125-2, 0.125-2, 1-4, 0.125-2, 1-2, 0.5-2, 0.5-1, 0.5-2 and 1-2, respectively. Eagle (paradoxical) effect was observed in 31 and 8% of the isolates at highest concentrations of caspofungin and itraconazole, respectively. The activity of caspofungin against fluconazole- and/or itraconazole-resistant isolates was similar to that detected for the susceptible ones. We conclude that caspofungin appears as a promising antifungal agent with enhanced activity against Candida, including the azole-resistant strains. Descriptors Amphotericin B/pharmacology, Antifungal Agents/pharmacology, Candida/drug effects/isolation & purification, Candidiasis/microbiology, Echinocandins, Fluconazole/pharmacology, Hospitals, University, Itraconazole/pharmacology, Microbial Sensitivity Tests, Peptides, Cyclic/pharmacology, Turkey Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Arikan,S., Sancak,B., Hascelik,G. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Micro-shear bond strength and morphological analysis of a self-etching primer adhesive system to fluorosed enamel	2005	Graduate School, Cariology and Operative Dentistry, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45, Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8549, Japan. dinesh.ope@tmd.ac.jp	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Journal of dentistry Periodical, Abbrev. J.Dent. Pub Date Free Form May Volume 33 Issue 5 Start Page 419 Other Pages 426 Notes LR: 20121115; JID: 0354422; 0 (Clearfil SE Bond); 0 (Composite Resins); 0 (Phosphoric Acids); 0 (Resin Cements); E4GA8884NN (phosphoric acid); CIN: J Esthet Restor Dent. 2009;21(6):416-21. PMID: 20002931; 2004/07/27 [received]; 2004/11/06 [revised]; 2004/ Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 0300-5712; 0300-5712 Accession Number PMID: 15833398 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; D; IM DOI S0300-5712(04)00184-8 [pii] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 15833398 Abstract PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to evaluate micro-shear bond strength and morphological analysis of a self-etching primer adhesive system to fluorosed enamel. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Extracted human molars were classified according to the severity of fluorosis using Thylstrup and Fejerskov index into four groups (TFI: 0, normal; 1-3, mild fluorosis; 3-6, moderate fluorosis; 6-7, severe fluorosis) and divided into following two sub-groups. For the first sub-group, a self-etching primer adhesive system was applied to the ground enamel surfaces and the other sub-group was conditioned with 37% phosphoric acid for 30s prior to application of the same adhesive system. Teeth were then restored with a resin composite, stored for 24h in water and micro-shear bond strengths were measured. After shear testing, the fracture modes were observed under a laser scanning microscope. Morphological study of etching patterns and adhesive interface was done under a scanning electron microscope (SEM). The data were analyzed using two-way ANOVA and Sheffe test (p=0.05). RESULTS: No statistically significant difference was there between the different degrees of fluorosis in each sub-group. However, significant difference in the bond strengths between phosphoric acid etching and self-etching was found in moderate and severe groups. The SEM observations showed at the resin-enamel interface, thick resin tag like extensions penetrated around 3.5 microm into the enamel etched with phosphoric acid, while self-etching primer created, 1 microm lamina like penetration. CONCLUSION: Severity of fluorosis affects the micro-shear bond strength of a self-etching bonding system to fluorosed enamel. Descriptors Acid Etching, Dental/methods, Analysis of Variance, Composite Resins, Dental Bonding, Dental Restoration Failure, Dental Restoration, Permanent/methods, Dental Stress Analysis, Enamel Microabrasion, Fluorosis, Dental/therapy, Humans, Linear Models, Materials Testing, Microscopy, Electron, Scanning, Phosphoric Acids, Resin Cements, Shear Strength Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Weerasinghe,D. S., Nikaido,T., Wettasinghe,K. A., Abayakoon,J. B., Tagami,J. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20050113 PMCID Editors
Group behaviour therapy programmes for smoking cessation	2005	Department of Primary Health Care, Oxford University, Old Road Campus, Headington, Oxford, UK, OX3 7LF. lindsay.stead@dphpc.ox.ac.uk	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full The Cochrane database of systematic reviews Periodical, Abbrev. Cochrane Database Syst.Rev. Pub Date Free Form 18-Apr Volume -2 Issue 2 Start Page CD001007 Other Pages Notes LR: 20130628; JID: 100909747; RF: 117; epublish Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1469-493X; 1361-6137 Accession Number PMID: 15846610 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Meta-Analysis; Review; IM DOI 10.1002/14651858.CD001007.pub2 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 15846610 Abstract BACKGROUND: Group therapy offers individuals the opportunity to learn behavioural techniques for smoking cessation, and to provide each other with mutual support. OBJECTIVES: We aimed to determine the effects of smoking cessation programmes delivered in a group format compared to self-help materials, or to no intervention; to compare the effectiveness of group therapy and individual counselling; and to determine the effect of adding group therapy to advice from a health professional or to nicotine replacement. We also aimed to determine whether specific components increased the effectiveness of group therapy. We aimed to determine the rate at which offers of group therapy are taken up. SEARCH STRATEGY: We searched the Cochrane Tobacco Addiction Group Trials Register, with additional searches of MEDLINE and PsycINFO, including the terms behavior therapy, cognitive therapy, psychotherapy or group therapy, in January 2005. SELECTION CRITERIA: We considered randomized trials that compared group therapy with self help, individual counselling, another intervention or no intervention (including usual care or a waiting list control). We also considered trials that compared more than one group programme. We included those trials with a minimum of two group meetings, and follow up of smoking status at least six months after the start of the programme. We excluded trials in which group therapy was provided to both active therapy and placebo arms of trials of pharmacotherapies, unless they had a factorial design. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: We extracted data in duplicate on the participants, the interventions provided to the groups and the controls, including programme length, intensity and main components, the outcome measures, method of randomization, and completeness of follow up. The main outcome measure was abstinence from smoking after at least six months follow up in patients smoking at baseline. We used the most rigorous definition of abstinence in each trial, and biochemically validated rates where available. Subjects lost to follow up were analyzed as continuing smokers. Where possible, we performed meta-analysis using a fixed-effects (Mantel-Haenszel) model. MAIN RESULTS: A total of 55 trials met inclusion criteria for one or more of the comparisons in the review. Sixteen studies compared a group programme with a self-help programme. There was an increase in cessation with the use of a group programme (N = 4395, odds ratio (OR) 2.04, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.60 to 2.60). Group programmes were more effective than no intervention controls (seven trials, N = 815, OR 2.17, 95% CI 1.37 to 3.45). There was no evidence that group therapy was more effective than a similar intensity of individual counselling. There was limited evidence that the addition of group therapy to other forms of treatment, such as advice from a health professional or nicotine replacement, produced extra benefit. There was variation in the extent to which those offered group therapy accepted the treatment. There was limited evidence that programmes which included components for increasing cognitive and behavioural skills and avoiding relapse were more effective than same length or shorter programmes without these components. This analysis was sensitive to the way in which one study with multiple conditions was included. We did not find an effect of manipulating the social interactions between participants in a group programme on outcome. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS: Group therapy is better for helping people stop smoking than self help, and other less intensive interventions. There is not enough evidence to evaluate whether groups are more effective, or cost-effective, than intensive individual counselling. There is not enough evidence to support the use of particular psychological components in a programme beyond the support and skills training normally included. Descriptors Behavior Therapy/methods, Humans, Program Evaluation, Psychotherapy, Group, Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic, Smoking/prevention & control, Smoking Cessation/methods Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Stead,L. F., Lancaster,T. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20050418 PMCID Editors
Workplace interventions for smoking cessation	2005		Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full The Cochrane database of systematic reviews Periodical, Abbrev. Cochrane Database Syst.Rev. Pub Date Free Form 18-Apr Volume -2 Issue 2 Start Page CD003440 Other Pages Notes LR: 20130628; JID: 100909747; UIN: Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2008;(4):CD003440. PMID: 18843645; RF: 175; epublish Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1469-493X; 1361-6137 Accession Number PMID: 15846667 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Review; IM DOI 10.1002/14651858.CD003440.pub2 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 15846667 Abstract BACKGROUND: The workplace has potential as a setting through which large groups of people can be reached to encourage smoking cessation. OBJECTIVES: To categorize workplace interventions for smoking cessation tested in controlled studies and to determine the extent to which they help workers to stop smoking or to reduce tobacco consumption. SEARCH STRATEGY: We searched the Cochrane Tobacco Addiction Group Specialized Register in October 2004, MEDLINE (1966 - October 2004), EMBASE (1985 - October 2004) and PsycINFO (to October 2004). We searched abstracts from international conferences on tobacco and we checked the bibliographies of identified studies and reviews for additional references. SELECTION CRITERIA: We categorized interventions into two groups: a) Interventions aimed at the individual to promote smoking cessation and b) interventions aimed at the workplace as a whole. We applied different inclusion criteria for the different types of study. For interventions aimed at helping individuals to stop smoking, we included only randomized controlled trials allocating individuals, workplaces or companies to intervention or control conditions. For studies of smoking restrictions and bans in the workplace, we also included controlled trials with baseline and post-intervention outcomes and interrupted times series studies. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Information relating to the characteristics and content of all kinds of interventions, participants, outcomes and methods of the study was abstracted by one author and checked by two others. Because of heterogeneity in the design and content of the included studies, we did not attempt formal meta-analysis, and evaluated the studies using qualitative narrative synthesis. MAIN RESULTS: Workplace interventions aimed at helping individuals to stop smoking included ten studies of group therapy, seven studies of individual counselling, nine studies of self-help materials and five studies of nicotine replacement therapy. The results were consistent with those found in other settings. Group programmes, individual counselling and nicotine replacement therapy increased cessation rates in comparison to no treatment or minimal intervention controls. Self-help materials were less effective.Workplace interventions aimed at the workforce as a whole included 14 studies of tobacco bans, two studies of social support, four studies of environmental support, five studies of incentives, and eight studies of comprehensive (multi-component) programmes. Tobacco bans decreased cigarette consumption during the working day but their effect on total consumption was less certain. We failed to detect an increase in quit rates from adding social and environmental support to these programmes. There was a lack of evidence that comprehensive programmes reduced the prevalence of smoking. Competitions and incentives increased attempts to stop smoking, though there was less evidence that they increased the rate of actual quitting. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS: We found: 1. Strong evidence that interventions directed towards individual smokers increase the likelihood of quitting smoking. These include advice from a health professional, individual and group counselling and pharmacological treatment to overcome nicotine addiction. Self-help interventions are less effective. All these interventions are effective whether offered in the workplace or elsewhere. Although people taking up these interventions are more likely to stop, the absolute numbers who quit are low. 2. Limited evidence that participation in programmes can be increased by competitions and incentives organized by the employer. 3. Consistent evidence that workplace tobacco policies and bans can decrease cigarette consumption during the working day by smokers and exposure of non-smoking employees to environmental tobacco smoke at work, but conflicting evidence about whether they decrease prevalence of smoking or overall consumption of tobacco by smokers. 4. A lac Descriptors Counseling, Humans, Psychotherapy, Group, Smoking/prevention & control, Smoking Cessation/methods, Workplace Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Moher,M., Hey,K., Lancaster,T. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20050418 PMCID Editors
Differential response to preoperative chemoradiation and surgery in esophageal adenocarcinomas based on presence of Barrett's esophagus and symptomatic gastroesophageal reflux	2005	Department of Gastrointestinal Medicine and Nutrition, M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA. agarwalb@slu.edu	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full The Annals of Thoracic Surgery Periodical, Abbrev. Ann.Thorac.Surg. Pub Date Free Form May Volume 79 Issue 5 Start Page 1716 Other Pages 1723 Notes LR: 20061115; JID: 15030100R; 2004/10/18 [accepted]; ppublish Place of Publication Netherlands ISSN/ISBN 1552-6259; 0003-4975 Accession Number PMID: 15854962 Language eng SubFile Comparative Study; Journal Article; AIM; IM DOI S0003-4975(04)02128-9 [pii] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 15854962 Abstract BACKGROUND: Barrett's esophagus and gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) are recognized to predispose to esophageal adenocarcinoma. Abdel-Latif and colleagues recently suggested that esophageal adenocarcinoma patients with GERD might be resistant to multimodality treatment. In this study, we investigated potential differences in clinical outcomes in esophageal adenocarcinoma patients based on the presence of identifiable Barrett's mucosa and/or history of symptomatic GERD. METHODS: Eighty-four patients with resectable esophageal adenocarcinoma, who completed the planned preoperative chemoradiation and underwent a potentially curative esophageal resection were retrospectively evaluated. Postoperative survival was compared between patients with or without underlying Barrett's esophagus and history of symptomatic GERD. Patients with pathologic complete response (path CR) and those with partial or no response (path PR) were compared to determine if presence of Barrett's esophagus and history of symptomatic GERD influence the path CR rates. RESULTS: We found significantly lower postoperative survival in patients with Barrett's associated adenocarcinoma (vs adenocarcinoma arising de novo, p = 0.031) and patients with symptomatic GERD (vs patients without symptomatic GERD, p = 0.019). Furthermore, the subset of patients with path PR (vs path CR) after chemoradiation have a significantly higher proportion of patients with Barrett's esophagus (HR = 4.38, confidence interval [CI] = 1.39 to 13.83, p = 0.012) and patients with GERD (HR = 2.71, CI = 1.13 to 6.50, p = 0.026). CONCLUSIONS: Patients with esophageal adenocarcinoma may have differences in response to preoperative chemoradiation based on the presence of Barrett's esophagus and history of symptomatic GERD. Descriptors Adenocarcinoma/drug therapy/mortality/pathology/radiotherapy/surgery, Adult, Aged, Barrett Esophagus/complications, Combined Modality Therapy, Confidence Intervals, Esophageal Neoplasms/drug therapy/mortality/pathology/radiotherapy/surgery, Female, Gastroesophageal Reflux/complications, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Neoplasm Staging, Retrospective Studies, Survival Analysis, Treatment Outcome Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Agarwal,B., Swisher,S. G., Ajani,J., Kelly,K., Komaki,R. R., Abu-Hamda,E., Correa,A. M., Roth,J. A. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Pipeline materials modify the effectiveness of disinfectants in drinking water distribution systems	2005	Laboratory of Environmental Microbiology, Department of Environmental Health, National Public Health Institute, P.O. Box 95, FIN-70701, Kuopio, Finland. markku.lehtola@ktl.fi	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Water research Periodical, Abbrev. Water Res. Pub Date Free Form May Volume 39 Issue 10 Start Page 1962 Other Pages 1971 Notes LR: 20131121; JID: 0105072; 0 (Disinfectants); 0 (Plastics); 4R7X1O2820 (Chlorine); 789U1901C5 (Copper); 2004/04/28 [received]; 2004/12/29 [revised]; ppublish Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 0043-1354; 0043-1354 Accession Number PMID: 15869778 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI S0043-1354(05)00100-4 [pii] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 15869778 Abstract We studied how pipe material can modify the effectiveness of UV- and chlorine disinfection in drinking water and biofilms. This study was done with two pipe materials: copper and composite plastic (polyethylene, PE) in a pilot scale water distribution network. UV-disinfection decreased viable bacterial numbers in the pilot waterworks and outlet water of pipes on average by 79%, but in biofilms its disinfecting effect was minor. Chlorine decreased effectively the microbial numbers in water and biofilms of PE pipes. In outlet water from copper pipes, the effect of chlorination was weaker; microbial numbers increased back to the level before chlorination within a few days. In the biofilms present in the copper pipes, chlorine decreased microbial numbers only in front of the pipeline. One reason for weaker efficiency of chlorine in copper pipes was that its concentration declined more rapidly in the copper pipes than in the PE pipes. These results means that copper pipes may require a higher chlorine dosage than plastic pipes to achieve effective disinfection of the pipes. Descriptors Biofilms/drug effects/growth & development/radiation effects, Chlorine/pharmacology, Copper/chemistry, Disinfectants/chemistry/pharmacology, Plastics/chemistry, Ultraviolet Rays, Water Microbiology, Water Purification/methods, Water Supply Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Lehtola,M. J., Miettinen,I. T., Lampola,T., Hirvonen,A., Vartiainen,T., Martikainen,P. J. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Solid-phase microextraction measurement of parent and alkyl polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in milliliter sediment pore water samples and determination of K(DOC) values	2005	Energy and Environmental Research Center, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, North Dakota 58202, USA. shawthorne@undeerc.org	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Environmental science & technology Periodical, Abbrev. Environ.Sci.Technol. Pub Date Free Form 15-Apr Volume 39 Issue 8 Start Page 2795 Other Pages 2803 Notes LR: 20121115; JID: 0213155; 0 (Benzopyrenes); 0 (Colloids); 0 (Fluorenes); 0 (Organic Chemicals); 0 (Polycyclic Hydrocarbons, Aromatic); 0 (Water Pollutants, Chemical); 360UOL779Z (fluoranthene); 7440-44-0 (Carbon); ppublish Place of Publication United States ISSN/ISBN 0013-936X; 0013-936X Accession Number PMID: 15884378 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.; IM DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 15884378 Abstract The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) narcosis model for benthic organisms in polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) contaminated sediments requires the measurement of 18 parent PAHs and 16 groups of alkyl PAHs ("34" PAHs) in pore water with desired detection limits as low as nanograms per liter. Solid-phase microextraction (SPME) with gas chromatographic/mass spectrometric (GC/ MS) analysis can achieve such detection limits in small water samples, which greatly reduces the quantity of sediment pore water that has to be collected, shipped, stored, and prepared for analysis. Four sediments that ranged from urban background levels (50 mg/kg total "34" PAHs) to highly contaminated (10 000 mg/kg total PAHs) were used to develop SPME methodology for the "34" PAH determinations with only 1.5 mL of pore water per analysis. Pore water was obtained by centrifuging the wet sediment, and alum flocculation was used to remove colloids. Quantitative calibration was simplified by adding 15 two- to six-ring perdeuterated PAHs as internal standards to the water calibration standards and the pore water samples. Response factors for SPME followed by GC/MS were measured for 22 alkyl PAHs compared to their parent PAHs and used to calibrate for the 18 groups of alkyl PAHs. Dissolved organic carbon (DOC) ranging from 4 to 27 mg/L had no measurable effect on the freely dissolved concentrations of two- and three-ring PAHs. In contrast, 5-80% of the total dissolved four- to six-ring PAHs were associated with the DOC rather than being freely dissolved, corresponding to DOC/water partitioning coefficients (K(DOC)) with log K(DOC) values ranging from 4.1 (for fluoranthene) to 5.6 (for benzo[ghi]perylene). However, DOC-associated versus freely dissolved PAHs had no significant effect on the total "34" PAH concentrations or the sum of the "toxic units" (calculated bythe EPA protocol), since virtually all (86-99%) of the dissolved PAH concentrations and toxic units were contributed by two- and three-ring PAHs. Descriptors Benzopyrenes/analysis, Calibration, Carbon/analysis, Colloids/isolation & purification, Environmental Monitoring/methods, Flocculation, Fluorenes/analysis, Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry, Geologic Sediments/analysis/chemistry, Nanotechnology, Organic Chemicals/analysis, Polycyclic Hydrocarbons, Aromatic/analysis, Porosity, Water Pollutants, Chemical/analysis Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Hawthorne,S. B., Grabanski,C. B., Miller,D. J., Kreitinger,J. P. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Intention to quit smoking, attempts to quit, and successful quitting among Hong Kong Chinese smokers: population prevalence and predictors	2005	Department of Community Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 5/F Academic Block, New Medical Complex, 21 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full American Journal of Health promotion : AJHP Periodical, Abbrev. Am.J.Health Promot. Pub Date Free Form May-Jun Volume 19 Issue 5 Start Page 346 Other Pages 354 Notes LR: 20151119; JID: 8701680; ppublish Place of Publication United States ISSN/ISBN 0890-1171; 0890-1171 Accession Number PMID: 15895537 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; T DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 15895537 Abstract PURPOSE: To assess the prevalence of each step in the smoking-cessation process (intention to quit, attempts to quit, and successful quitting) and to examine the factors associated with them among Chinese smokers. DESIGN: A cross-sectional survey of subjects from randomly selected households. SETTING: Four thousand one hundred forty-two households in Hong Kong. SUBJECTS: A total of 11,779 persons, aged 15 years or older, were enumerated (response rate = 74.0%). MEASURES: A validated structured questionnaire was used for data collection. The questionnaire sought information on the subject's sociodemographic background, smoking habits, and workplace attitude to smoking. The predictors for successful quitting, past quitting attempts, and intention to quit were assessed by chi2 tests and multiple logistic regression. RESULTS: Of the respondents, 14.4% were current smokers, 7.5% were ex-smokers, and 78.1% were nonsmokers. Of the daily smokers, 52% intended to quit. The factors associated with quitting were being married, being in the student/retired/others category, being older, having received higher education, not smoking to kill time, and smoking because of curiosity. Being married and not smoking to kill time were associated with past quitting attempts. Being male, married, and not smoking to kill time were associated with the intention to quit smoking. CONCLUSION: The findings of this study indicate that differing predictors may contribute to the different transitional stages of smoking cessation. Population-based smoking-cessation programs should take these predictors into consideration in the design of interventions. Descriptors Adolescent, Adult, Cross-Sectional Studies, Female, Health Promotion, Hong Kong/epidemiology, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Population Surveillance/methods, Prevalence, Smoking/epidemiology, Smoking Cessation/psychology/statistics & numerical data, Social Class, Surveys and Questionnaires Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Abdullah,A. S., Yam,H. K. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors

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