WTS database

Title	Pub Year Sort descending	Author	SearchLink
Selective vulnerability of the inner ear to decompression sickness in divers with right-to-left shunt: the role of tissue gas supersaturation	2009	Dept. of Anesthesiology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand. dr.m@xtra.co.nz	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Journal of applied physiology (Bethesda, Md.: 1985) Periodical, Abbrev. J.Appl.Physiol.(1985) Pub Date Free Form Jan Volume 106 Issue 1 Start Page 298 Other Pages 301 Notes LR: 20131121; JID: 8502536; N762921K75 (Nitrogen); 2008/09/18 [aheadofprint]; ppublish Place of Publication United States ISSN/ISBN 8750-7587; 0161-7567 Accession Number PMID: 18801958 Language eng SubFile Comparative Study; Journal Article; IM DOI 10.1152/japplphysiol.90915.2008 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 18801958 Abstract Inner ear decompression sickness has been strongly associated with the presence of right-to-left shunts. The implied involvement of intravascular bubbles shunted from venous to arterial circulations is inconsistent with the frequent absence of cerebral symptoms in these cases. If arterial bubbles reach the labyrinthine artery, they must also be distributing widely in the brain. This discrepancy could be explained by slower inert gas washout from the inner ear after diving and the consequent tendency for arterial bubbles entering this supersaturated territory to grow because of inward diffusion of gas. Published models for inner ear and brain inert gas kinetics were used to predict tissue gas tensions after an air dive to 4 atm absolute for 25 min. The models predict half-times for nitrogen washout of 8.8 min and 1.2 min for the inner ear and brain, respectively. The inner ear remains supersaturated with nitrogen for longer after diving than the brain, and in the simulated dive, for a period that corresponds with the latency of typical cases. It is therefore plausible that prolonged inner ear inert gas supersaturation contributes to the selective vulnerability of the inner ear to short latency decompression sickness in divers with right-to-left shunt. Descriptors Adaptation, Physiological, Brain/metabolism/physiopathology, Computer Simulation, Decompression Sickness/blood/complications/physiopathology, Diffusion, Diving, Ear, Inner/metabolism/physiopathology, Embolism, Air/blood/etiology/physiopathology, Foramen Ovale, Patent/blood/complications/physiopathology, Humans, Kinetics, Labyrinth Diseases/blood/etiology/physiopathology, Models, Biological, Nitrogen/blood, Partial Pressure, Reaction Time Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Mitchell,S. J., Doolette,D. J. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20080918 PMCID Editors
Polymorphism/loss of heterozygosity of APC gene in GERD-Barrett's metaplasia-dysplasia-adenocarcinoma sequence	2009	Department of Digestive Tract Diseases, Medical University of Lodz. anna.mokrowiecka@umed.lodz.pl	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Polski merkuriusz lekarski : organ Polskiego Towarzystwa Lekarskiego Periodical, Abbrev. Pol.Merkur Lekarski Pub Date Free Form May Volume 26 Issue 155 Start Page 385 Other Pages 389 Notes LR: 20151119; JID: 9705469; 0 (Biomarkers, Tumor); ppublish Place of Publication Poland ISSN/ISBN 1426-9686; 1426-9686 Accession Number PMID: 19606680 Language pol SubFile English Abstract; Journal Article; IM DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 19606680 Abstract The incidence of esophageal adenocarcinoma (ADC) has been increasing rapidly over the past few decades. Gastro-esopageal reflux disease (GERD), Barrett's esophagus (BE) and Barrett-associated dysplasia are a risk factor for esophageal cancer, but endoscopic surveillance have only a limited influence on cancer mortality. There is a great need to find molecular biomarkers predicting increased progression risk in GERD-Barrett's metaplasia-dysplasia-adenocarcinoma sequence to improve risk assessment and stratification of patients to surveillance program. AIM OF THE STUDY: To evaluate the polymorphism and prevalence of loss of heterozygosity (LOH) of APC tumor suppressor gene in mataplasia, dysplasia and adenocarcinoma. MATERIAL AND METHODS: In esophageal mucosal samples of 79 patients with: GERD (n=33), BE (n=27), BE+dysplasia (n=8) and ADC (n=11) we have studied LOH of APC tumor suppressor gene using PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP). A 133 bp fragment, spanning exon 11 of the APC gene was amplified, and Rsal digestion of the PCR product defined the alleles as either homozygous 133 bp (Rsa(-/-)) or 87 and 46 bp (Rsa(+/+)) fragments, and heterozygous (Rsa(+/-)) exhibiting the three fragments. Control peripheral blood cell DNA samples have been collected from 60 normal healthy subjects. RESULTS: Among 79 patients, there were 16 heterozygous (20%) for APC gene. In 16 informative heterozygous LOH was detected in 7 cases: 2/5 with GERD, 3/7--with BE, 1/2--with BE+dysplasia and 1/2--with ADC. There were no statistical differences between studied groups (NS). Distribution of the three alleles, Rsa(+/-), Rsa(+/+), and Rsa(-/-) was: 38, 47 and 15% in the healthy individuals, 25%, 25% and 50%--in GERD patients, 29%, 41% and 29%--in BE, 36%, 45% and 18% in BE+dysplasia and 25%, 67% and 8% in ADC patients, respectively. The frequency of heterozygous cases in control group was significantly higher than in patients group (p = 0.018), whereas Rsa (-/-) were the most frequent in patients group (p = 0.008). Rsa (-/-) were seen significantly more often in GERD compared to ADC patients (p = 0.005), in opposite to Rsa (+/+), which were significantly more frequent in ADC vs. GERD (p = 0.007). CONCLUSIONS: APC gene inactivation concerns minority of patients with esophageal adenocarcinoma, however, its detection indicates higher risk of progression to ADC. APC alternations appear to be early in GERD-BE-dysplasia-ADC sequence. The specific polymorphism may identify patients with high risk of progression into BE. Descriptors Adenocarcinoma/genetics/pathology, Adult, Aged, Barrett Esophagus/genetics/pathology, Biomarkers, Tumor/analysis, Disease Progression, Esophageal Neoplasms/genetics/pathology, Esophagus/pathology, Female, Gastric Mucosa/pathology, Gastroesophageal Reflux/genetics/pathology, Genes, APC, Heterozygote, Humans, Hyperplasia, Loss of Heterozygosity/genetics, Male, Metaplasia, Middle Aged, Polymorphism, Genetic, Precancerous Conditions/genetics Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Mokrowiecka,A., Wierzchniewska-Lawska,A., Smolarz,B., Romanowicz-Makowska,H., Malecka-Panas,E. Original/Translated Title Polimorfizm/utrata heterozygotycznosci genu APC w sekwencji GERD-przelyk barretta-dysplazja-rak gruczolowy przelyku URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Comparison of smoking behaviour among medical and other college students in Rawalpindi	2009	Department of Community Medicine, Foundation University Medical College, Rawalpindi. babarmumtaz41@gmail.com	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Journal of the College of Physicians and Surgeons--Pakistan : JCPSP Periodical, Abbrev. J.Coll.Physicians Surg.Pak. Pub Date Free Form Jan Volume 19 Issue 1 Start Page 7 Other Pages 10 Notes LR: 20151119; JID: 9606447; 2007/08/21 [received]; 2008/11/24 [accepted]; ppublish Place of Publication Pakistan ISSN/ISBN 1022-386X; 1022-386X Accession Number PMID: 19149972 Language eng SubFile Comparative Study; Journal Article; IM DOI 01.2009/JCPSP.710 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 19149972 Abstract OBJECTIVE: To assess the frequency of smoking among students in medical and non-medical colleges of Rawalpindi and to explore the differences in smoking behaviour of the two college students. STUDY DESIGN: A cross-sectional comparative study. PLACE AND DURATION OF STUDY: Random sampling of students from a medical college and non-medical college of Rawalpindi was carried out in October 2006. METHODOLOGY: An anonymous, self-administered questionnaire was used for the study which inquired about gender, number of daily smoked cigarettes, feeling addicted, attempt and success or failure at quitting, most important factor that helped in quitting smoking and reasons of smoking were compared between the medical college and non-medical college students. RESULTS: The total medical college students in the study were 444 and among them 32.7% were smokers. The total nonmedical college students were 405 and among them 41% were smokers (p=0.012). Nine point seven percent medical students and only 6% non-medical students were successful in quitting their habit of smoking (p=0.231). CONCLUSION: There was significant difference in smoking behaviour among the group. Being medical students it had effect on the decision to smoke, which may have modified their consumption level. Descriptors Adult, Attitude to Health, Cross-Sectional Studies, Female, Health Behavior, Humans, Male, Pakistan/epidemiology, Smoking/epidemiology/psychology, Students/psychology/statistics & numerical data, Students, Medical/psychology/statistics & numerical data, Surveys and Questionnaires, Universities, Young Adult Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Mumtaz,B., Chaudhary,I. A., Arshad,M., Samiullah Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
A reliable analytical approach based on gas chromatography coupled to triple quadrupole and time-of-flight mass analyzers for the determination and confirmation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in complex matrices from aquaculture activities	2009	Research Institute for Pesticides and Water (IUPA), Avda Sos Baynat, s/n. University Jaume I, 12071 Castellon, Spain.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Rapid communications in mass spectrometry : RCM Periodical, Abbrev. Rapid Commun.Mass Spectrom. Pub Date Free Form Jul Volume 23 Issue 13 Start Page 2075 Other Pages 2086 Notes CI: Copyright (c) 2009; JID: 8802365; 0 (Polycyclic Hydrocarbons, Aromatic); 0 (Water Pollutants, Chemical); ppublish Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1097-0231; 0951-4198 Accession Number PMID: 19504494 Language eng SubFile Evaluation Studies; Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.1002/rcm.4120 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 19504494 Abstract The potential of gas chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (GC/MS/MS) with a triple quadrupole analyzer (QqQ) has been investigated for the quantification and reliable identification of sixteen polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) from the EPA priority list in animal and vegetable samples from aquaculture activities, whose fat content ranged from 5 to 100%. Matrices analyzed included fish fillet, fish feed, fish oil and linseed oil. Combining optimized saponification and solid-phase extraction led to high efficiency in the elimination of interfering compounds, mainly fat, from the extracts. The developed procedure minimized the presence of these interfering compounds in the extracts and provided satisfactory recoveries of PAHs. The excellent sensitivity and selectivity of GC/(QqQ)MS/MS in selected reaction monitoring (SRM) allowed to reach limits of detection at pg/g levels. Two SRM transitions were acquired for each analyte to ensure reliable identification of compounds detected in samples. Confirmation of positive findings was performed by GC coupled to high-resolution time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC/TOFMS). The accurate mass information provided by GC/TOFMS in full acquisition mode together with its high mass resolution makes it a powerful analytical tool for the unequivocal confirmation of PAHs in the matrices tested. The method developed was applied to the analysis of real-world samples of each matrix studied with the result of detecting and confirming the majority of analytes at the microg/kg level by both QqQ and TOF mass spectrometers. Descriptors Animals, Fish Products/analysis, Fishes, Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry/instrumentation/methods, Meat/analysis, Polycyclic Hydrocarbons, Aromatic/analysis, Tandem Mass Spectrometry/instrumentation/methods, Water Pollutants, Chemical/analysis Links Book Title Database Publisher John Wiley & Sons, Ltd Data Source Authors Nacher-Mestre,J., Serrano,R., Portoles-Nicolau,T., Hernandez,F., Benedito-Palos,L., Perez-Sanchez,J. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Variable bacterial load of Legionella spp. in a hospital water system	2009	Department of Biomedical Science - Hygiene Section, University of Bari, Bari, Italy. c.napoli@igiene.uniba.it	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full The Science of the total environment Periodical, Abbrev. Sci.Total Environ. Pub Date Free Form 20-Dec Volume 408 Issue 2 Start Page 242 Other Pages 244 Notes JID: 0330500; 2009/08/04 [received]; 2009/09/16 [revised]; 2009/09/24 [accepted]; ppublish Place of Publication Netherlands ISSN/ISBN 1879-1026; 0048-9697 Accession Number PMID: 19836825 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; IM DOI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2009.09.039 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 19836825 Abstract Several approved protocols for the prevention of Legionella pneumonia base the type of intervention (to disinfect or not) on the level of contamination found (cfu/L). However, if the level of contamination by Legionella spp. of a water system fluctuates in a short period of time, inadequate sampling could lead to different decisions being made. To determine if there are significant variations in the bacterial count of Legionella spp., water samples were taken at different times from the same sites. Eight wards were selected from a large hospital in Southern Italy and a water sample was taken from 21 taps in each ward at the same time each day for 5 consecutive days. A Freidman test detected statistically significant differences in average Legionella spp. load over the 5 sampling days (p value10,000 cfu/L in hospitals without documented cases of disease. In the present study, the daily average loads varied, during the 5-day sampling period, above and below this cut-off (10,000 cfu/L). This means that the decision to disinfect or not would be different depending on which day the sampling was carried out. Our data suggest that, especially in health-care facilities, a single sampling would not give a realistic estimation of risk; therefore, even at lower levels of bacterial load, measures should be taken to reduce it further. Descriptors Colony Count, Microbial, Hospitals, Italy, Legionella pneumophila/growth & development, Legionnaires' Disease/microbiology/prevention & control, Statistics, Nonparametric, Water Microbiology Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Napoli,C., Iatta,R., Fasano,F., Marsico,T., Montagna,M. T. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Impact of the Spanish smoking law on exposure to secondhand smoke in offices and hospitality venues: before-and-after study	2009	Public Health Agency, Barcelona, Spain. mnebot@aspb.es	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Environmental health perspectives Periodical, Abbrev. Environ.Health Perspect. Pub Date Free Form Mar Volume 117 Issue 3 Start Page 344 Other Pages 347 Notes LR: 20141210; JID: 0330411; 0 (Tobacco Smoke Pollution); OID: NLM: PMC2661901; OTO: NOTNLM; 2008/06/23 [received]; 2008/09/19 [accepted]; 2008/09/19 [epublish]; ppublish Place of Publication United States ISSN/ISBN 1552-9924; 0091-6765 Accession Number PMID: 19337506 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.1289/ehp.11845 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 19337506 Abstract BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: A smoking law was passed by the Spanish Parliament in December 2005 and was enforced by 1 January 2006. The law bans smoking in all indoor workplaces but only in some hospitality venues, because owners are allowed to establish a smoking zone (venues>100 m2) or to allow smoking without restrictions (venues<100 m2). The objective of the study is to assess the impact of the Spanish smoking law on exposure to secondhand smoke (SHS) in enclosed workplaces, including hospitality venues. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study design is a before-and-after evaluation. We studied workplaces and hospitality venues from eight different regions of Spain. We took repeated samples of vapor-phase nicotine concentration in 398 premises, including private offices (162), public administration offices (90), university premises (43), bars and restaurants (79), and discotheques and pubs (24). RESULTS: In the follow-up period, SHS levels were markedly reduced in indoor offices. The median decrease in nicotine concentration ranged from 60.0% in public premises to 97.4% in private areas. Nicotine concentrations were also markedly reduced in bars and restaurants that became smoke-free (96.7%) and in the no-smoking zones of venues with separate spaces for smokers (88.9%). We found no significant changes in smoking zones or in premises allowing smoking, including discotheques and pubs. CONCLUSIONS: Overall, this study shows the positive impact of the law on reducing SHS in indoor workplaces. However, SHS was substantially reduced only in bars and restaurants that became smoke-free. Most hospitality workers continue to be exposed to very high levels of SHS. Therefore, a 100% smoke-free policy for all hospitality venues is required. Descriptors Humans, Inhalation Exposure/adverse effects/statistics & numerical data, Occupational Exposure/adverse effects/statistics & numerical data, Restaurants, Smoking/legislation & jurisprudence, Spain, Tobacco Smoke Pollution/adverse effects/statistics & numerical data, Workplace, evaluation, hospitality sector, secondhand smoke, smoking law, workplaces Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Nebot,M., Lopez,M. J., Ariza,C., Perez-Rios,M., Fu,M., Schiaffino,A., Munoz,G., Salto,E., Fernandez,E., Spanish Smoking Law Evaluation Group Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20080919 PMCID PMC2661901 Editors
Prevalence and determinants of physical activity and lifestyle in relation to obesity among schoolchildren in Israel	2009		Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Public Health Nutr Periodical, Abbrev. Public Health Nutr. Pub Date Free Form Volume 12 Issue 6 Start Page 774 Other Pages 82 Notes ID: 18674392 Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN Accession Number Language en SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract OBJECTIVE: To describe the relationships between physical activity, lifestyle determinants and obesity in adolescent Israeli schoolchildren.Design and settingCross-sectional survey. SUBJECTS: The MABAT Youth Survey was a nationally representative, school-based study of youth in grades 7 to 12 (ages 11-19 years). METHODS: Self-administered questionnaires assessed health behaviours and anthropometric indices were measured. Logistic regression analysis was used to examine the associations between obesity, physical activity, socio-economic status and other lifestyle habits. One-way ANOVA was used to determine mean physical activity levels (MET values) by BMI categories. RESULTS: The prevalence of overweight was 13-15 % and of obesity 4-9 % depending on gender and ethnicity, and was higher among the non-Jewish sectors. Thirty-six per cent and 57 % of Jewish girls and boys, and 40 % and 58 % of non-Jewish girls and boys, respectively, were optimally active. Boys from low socio-economic schools and those who slept for less than 6 h at night were less active. Girls from middle school were found to be 53 % more optimally physically active among Jews, and 89 % more among non-Jews, compared with girls from high school (P = 0.001); girls with less educated parents were also less physically active. No clear relationship was found between the level of obesity and physical activity. CONCLUSIONS: Physical inactivity was strongly related to gender, age, social status, sleeping habits, hookah smoking, and parental educational status. Education and intervention programmes should focus on these risk factors. Descriptors Body Mass Index, Exercise/physiology, Life Style, Obesity/epidemiology, Overweight/epidemiology, Adolescent, Analysis of Variance, Anthropometry, Arabs, Child, Cross-Sectional Studies, Educational Status, Female, Health Behavior, Humans, Israel/epidemiology, Jews, Logistic Models, Male, Obesity/ethnology, Obesity/etiology, Odds Ratio, Overweight/ethnology, Overweight/etiology, Prevalence, Risk Factors, Sleep/physiology, Socioeconomic Factors, Questionnaires, Young Adult Links http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S1368980008002991 Book Title Database MEDLINE; http://www.globalhealthlibrary.net/ Publisher Data Source Authors Nitzan Kaluski,Dorit, Demem Mazengia,Getachew, Shimony,Tal, Goldsmith,Rebecca, Berry,Elliot M. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
New tobacco trends: waterpipe (hookah) smoking and implications for healthcare providers	2009		Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full J Am Acad Nurse Pract Periodical, Abbrev. J.Am.Acad.Nurse Pract. Pub Date Free Form Volume 21 Issue 5 Start Page 258 Other Pages 60 Notes ID: 19432909 Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN Accession Number Language en SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract PURPOSE: To inform healthcare providers about waterpipe smoking, a new trend in tobacco use that is gaining popularity among adolescents and young adults. DATA SOURCES: American Lung Association Tobacco Policy Alert on Waterpipe Smoking, World Health Organization Tobacco Regulation Advisory Note on Waterpipe Smoking, and pertinent publications available in the literature. CONCLUSIONS: Waterpipe smoking is a new trend in tobacco use that is associated with multiple health problems, including addiction. Healthcare providers should be aware of new tobacco trends that may affect patients, such as waterpipe smoking, that are potential gateways to nicotine addiction. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE: Tobacco comes in many forms, all of which are addicting. Healthcare providers must be knowledgeable about new forms of tobacco to address all types of tobacco use with patients. Healthcare providers also have a responsibility to educate patients about the health risks inherent in these products to help prevent the long-lasting problem of nicotine addiction. Descriptors Smoking, Tobacco Use Disorder, Adolescent, Attitude to Health, Health Education, Humans, Professional Role, Smoking/adverse effects, Smoking/prevention & control, Smoking/trends, Tobacco Use Disorder/complications, Tobacco Use Disorder/epidemiology, Tobacco Use Disorder/prevention & control, United States/epidemiology, Water, Young Adult Links http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-7599.2009.00402.x Book Title Database MEDLINE; http://www.globalhealthlibrary.net/ Publisher Data Source Authors Noonan,Devon, Kulbok,Pamela A. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Tobacco use among students aged 13-15 years--Baghdad, Iraq, 2008	2009		Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep Periodical, Abbrev. MMWR Morb.Mortal.Wkly.Rep. Pub Date Free Form Volume 58 Issue 12 Start Page 305 Other Pages 8 Notes ID: 19343010 Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN Accession Number Language en SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract In 2008, Iraq's parliament ratified the World Health Organization Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (WHO FCTC), which obligates participants to establish tobacco use monitoring, surveillance, and evaluation systems. Lack of data on adolescent tobacco use in Iraq led the Ministry of Health (MOH) to conduct the Global Youth Tobacco Survey (GYTS) in Baghdad in 2008. GYTS is a school-based survey of students aged 13--15 years that is self-administered in classes in selected schools. As in most Middle East countries, tobacco use in Iraq takes the form of cigarettes and shisha. Based on GYTS results, 7.4% of students aged 13--15 years reported having ever smoked cigarettes, 12.9% had ever smoked shisha, 3.2% currently smoked cigarettes, and 6.3% currently smoked shisha. Among never smokers aged 13--15 years, 13.0% reported they were likely to initiate cigarette smoking in the next year. Future declines in adolescent tobacco use in Iraq (and Baghdad) could be enhanced by expanding existing tobacco control programs to include prevention and cessation of the use of cigarettes and shisha, implementing measures that discourage adolescents who have never smoked from initiating tobacco use, expanding legislation to ban exposure to secondhand smoke in all indoor workplaces, and enacting legislation banning pro-tobacco advertising and sponsorship. Descriptors Smoking/epidemiology, Students, Adolescent, Advertising as Topic, Data Collection, Female, Humans, Iraq/epidemiology, Male, Public Policy, Tobacco Smoke Pollution/statistics & numerical data Links http://pesquisa.bvsalud.org/ghl/resource/en/mdl-19343010 Book Title Database MEDLINE; http://www.globalhealthlibrary.net/ Publisher Data Source Authors Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Spatial and temporal distribution of the malaria mosquito Anopheles arabiensis in northern Sudan: influence of environmental factors and implications for vector control	2009	Epidemiology Department, Tropical Medicine Research Institute, Khartoum, Sudan. tellalageep@yahoo.com	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Malaria journal Periodical, Abbrev. Malar J. Pub Date Free Form 7-Jun Volume 8 Issue Start Page 123 Other Pages 2875-8-123 Notes LR: 20141209; JID: 101139802; OID: NLM: PMC2698915; 2009/04/03 [received]; 2009/06/07 [accepted]; 2009/06/07 [aheadofprint]; epublish Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1475-2875; 1475-2875 Accession Number PMID: 19500425 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.1186/1475-2875-8-123 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 19500425 Abstract BACKGROUND: Malaria is an important public health problem in northern Sudan, but little is known about the dynamics of its transmission. Given the characteristic low densities of Anopheles arabiensis and the difficult terrain in this area, future vector control strategies are likely to be based on area-wide integrated pest management (AW-IPM) that may include the sterile insect technique (SIT). To support the planning and implementation of future AW-IPM activities, larval surveys were carried out to provide key data on spatial and seasonal dynamics of local vector populations. METHODS: Monthly cross-sectional larval surveys were carried out between March 2005 and May 2007 in two localities (Dongola and Merowe) adjacent to the river Nile. A stratified random sampling strategy based on the use of Remote Sensing (RS), Geographical Information Systems (GIS) and the Global Positioning System (GPS) was used to select survey locations. Breeding sites were mapped using GPS and data on larval density and breeding site characteristics were recorded using handheld computers. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression models were used to identify breeding site characteristics associated with increased risk of presence of larvae. Seasonal patterns in the proportion of breeding sites positive for larvae were compared visually to contemporaneous data on climate and river height. RESULTS: Of a total of 3,349 aquatic habitats sampled, 321 (9.6%) contained An. arabiensis larvae. The frequency with which larvae were found varied markedly by habitat type. Although most positive sites were associated with temporary standing water around the margins of the main Nile channel, larvae were also found at brickworks and in areas of leaking pipes and canals - often far from the river. Close to the Nile channel, a distinct seasonal pattern in larval populations was evident and appeared to be linked to the rise and fall of the river level. These patterns were not evident in vector populations breeding in artificial water sources away from the river. CONCLUSION: The GIS-based survey strategy developed in this study provides key data on the population dynamics of An. arabiensis in Northern State. Quantitative estimates of the contributions of various habitat types and their proximity to settlements provide a basis for planning a strategy for reducing malaria risk by elimination of the vector population. Descriptors Animals, Anopheles, Geographic Information Systems, Geography, Humans, Insect Vectors, Larva, Malaria/prevention & control, Mosquito Control, Population Dynamics, Seasons, Sudan Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Ageep,T. B., Cox,J., Hassan,M. M., Knols,B. G., Benedict,M. Q., Malcolm,C. A., Babiker,A., El Sayed,B. B. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20090607 PMCID PMC2698915 Editors

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