WTS database

Title Sort ascending	Pub Year	Author	SearchLink
Quit attempts and intention to quit cigarette smoking among young adults in the United States	2007	Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-7337, USA. faganp@mail.nih.gov	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full American Journal of Public Health Periodical, Abbrev. Am.J.Public Health Pub Date Free Form Aug Volume 97 Issue 8 Start Page 1412 Other Pages 1420 Notes LR: 20140904; GR: N01-CO-12400/CO/NCI NIH HHS/United States; JID: 1254074; OID: NLM: PMC1931471; 2007/06/28 [aheadofprint]; ppublish Place of Publication United States ISSN/ISBN 1541-0048; 0090-0036 Accession Number PMID: 17600244 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; AIM; IM DOI AJPH.2006.103697 [pii] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 17600244 Abstract OBJECTIVES: We investigated variables associated with quitting behaviors among current, daily, and nondaily young adult smokers in the United States. METHODS: Data from the national 2003 Tobacco Use Special Cessation Supplement to the Current Population Survey were analyzed to identify factors associated with quit attempts and serious intention to quit among young adult smokers aged 18 to 30 years (n=7912). RESULTS: Daily smokers who smoked 20 or more cigarettes per day, had their first cigarette within 30 minutes of waking, and smoked no usual type were less likely than were their comparison groups to have 1 more or quit attempts. Nondaily smokers who were male, Hispanic, and smoked no usual type of cigarette were also less likely than were their comparison groups to report 1 or more quit attempts. Although unemployed nondaily smokers were more likely than were the employed to report intention to quit, nondaily smokers with an annual family income of $25,000 to $49,000 were less likely than were higher-income families to report intention to quit. CONCLUSIONS: Nicotine dependence measures were significantly associated with quitting and intention to quit among daily smokers, but sociodemographics were associated with quitting and intention to quit among nondaily smokers. Descriptors Adolescent, Adult, Cross-Sectional Studies, Female, Health Behavior, Humans, Intention, Logistic Models, Male, Multivariate Analysis, Prevalence, Smoking/epidemiology/prevention & control/psychology, Smoking Cessation/ethnology/psychology/statistics & numerical data, Socioeconomic Factors, United States/epidemiology Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Fagan,P., Augustson,E., Backinger,C. L., O'Connell,M. E., Vollinger,R. E.,Jr, Kaufman,A., Gibson,J. T. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20070628 PMCID PMC1931471 Editors
Quit attempt correlates among smokers by race/ethnicity	2011	Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Office on Smoking and Health, 4770 Buford Highway, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA. jkahende@cdc.gov	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full International journal of environmental research and public health Periodical, Abbrev. Int.J.Environ.Res.Public.Health. Pub Date Free Form Oct Volume 8 Issue 10 Start Page 3871 Other Pages 3888 Notes LR: 20151119; JID: 101238455; OID: NLM: PMC3210587; OTO: NOTNLM; 2011/08/31 [received]; 2011/09/23 [accepted]; 2011/09/28 [epublish]; ppublish Place of Publication Switzerland ISSN/ISBN 1660-4601; 1660-4601 Accession Number PMID: 22073018 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; IM DOI 10.3390/ijerph8103871 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 22073018 Abstract INTRODUCTION: Cigarette smoking is the leading preventable cause of premature deaths in the U.S., accounting for approximately 443,000 deaths annually. Although smoking prevalence in recent decades has declined substantially among all racial/ethnic groups, disparities in smoking-related behaviors among racial/ethnic groups continue to exist. Two of the goals of Healthy People 2020 are to reduce smoking prevalence among adults to 12% or less and to increase smoking cessation attempts by adult smokers from 41% to 80%. Our study assesses whether correlates of quit attempts vary by race/ethnicity among adult (>/= 18 years) smokers in the U.S. Understanding racial/ethnic differences in how both internal and external factors affect quit attempts is important for targeting smoking-cessation interventions to decrease tobacco-use disparities. METHODS: We used 2003 Tobacco Use Supplement to the Current Population Survey (CPS) data from 16,213 adults to examine whether the relationship between demographic characteristics, smoking behaviors, smoking policies and having made a quit attempt in the past year varied by race/ethnicity. RESULTS: Hispanics and persons of multiple races were more likely to have made a quit attempt than whites. Overall, younger individuals and those with >high school education, who smoked fewer cigarettes per day and had smoked for fewer years were more likely to have made a quit attempt. Having a smoke-free home, receiving a doctor's advice to quit, smoking menthol cigarettes and having a greater time to when you smoked your first cigarette of the day were also associated with having made a quit attempt. The relationship between these four variables and quit attempts varied by race/ethnicity; most notably receiving a doctor's advice was not related to quit attempts among Asian American/Pacific Islanders and menthol use among whites was associated with a lower prevalence of quit attempts while black menthol users were more likely to have made a quit attempt than white non-menthol users. CONCLUSIONS: Most correlates of quit attempts were similar across all racial/ethnic groups. Therefore population-based comprehensive tobacco control programs that increase quit attempts and successful cessation among all racial/ethnic groups should be continued and expanded. Additional strategies may be needed to encourage quit attempts among less educated, older, and more addicted smokers. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Kahende,J.W., Malarcher,A.M., Teplinskaya,A., Asman,K.J. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20110928 PMCID PMC3210587 Editors
Quinacrine inhibits Candida albicans growth and filamentation at neutral pH	2014	Section of Infectious Diseases, New Mexico Veterans Health Care System, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA.; Section of Infectious Diseases, New Mexico Veterans Health Care System, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA Division of Infectious Diseases, University of New	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy Periodical, Abbrev. Antimicrob.Agents Chemother. Pub Date Free Form Dec Volume 58 Issue 12 Start Page 7501 Other Pages 7509 Notes LR: 20151029; CI: Copyright (c) 2014; GR: K12 GM088021/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/United States; JID: 0315061; 0 (Antifungal Agents); 0 (Antiprotozoal Agents); 0 (Drug Combinations); 0 (Echinocandins); 7XU7A7DROE (Amphotericin B); 8VZV102JFY (Fluconazole); F0XDI6ZL Place of Publication United States ISSN/ISBN 1098-6596; 0066-4804 Accession Number PMID: 25288082 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.; IM DOI 10.1128/AAC.03083-14 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 25288082 Abstract Candida albicans is a common cause of catheter-related bloodstream infections (CR-BSI), in part due to its strong propensity to form biofilms. Drug repurposing is an approach that might identify agents that are able to overcome antifungal drug resistance within biofilms. Quinacrine (QNC) is clinically active against the eukaryotic protozoan parasites Plasmodium and Giardia. We sought to investigate the antifungal activity of QNC against C. albicans biofilms. C. albicans biofilms were incubated with QNC at serially increasing concentrations (4 to 2,048 mug/ml) and assessed using a 2,3-bis-(2-methoxy-4-nitro-5-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium-5-carboxanilide (XTT) assay in a static microplate model. Combinations of QNC and standard antifungals were assayed using biofilm checkerboard analyses. To define a mechanism of action, QNC was assessed for the inhibition of filamentation, effects on endocytosis, and pH-dependent activity. High-dose QNC was effective for the prevention and treatment of C. albicans biofilms in vitro. QNC with fluconazole had no interaction, while the combination of QNC and either caspofungin or amphotericin B demonstrated synergy. QNC was most active against planktonic growth at alkaline pH. QNC dramatically inhibited filamentation. QNC accumulated within vacuoles as expected and caused defects in endocytosis. A tetracycline-regulated VMA3 mutant lacking vacuolar ATPase (V-ATPase) function demonstrated increased susceptibility to QNC. These experiments indicate that QNC is active against C. albicans growth in a pH-dependent manner. Although QNC activity is not biofilm specific, QNC is effective in the prevention and treatment of biofilms. QNC antibiofilm activity likely occurs via several independent mechanisms: vacuolar alkalinization, inhibition of endocytosis, and impaired filamentation. Further investigation of QNC for the treatment and prevention of biofilm-related Candida CR-BSI is warranted. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved Data Source Authors Kulkarny,V.V., Chavez-Dozal,A., Rane,H.S., Jahng,M., Bernardo,S.M., Parra,K.J., Lee,S.A. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20141006 PMCID PMC4249548 Editors
Quercetin and quercetin 3-O-glycosides from Bauhinia longifolia (Bong.) Steud. show anti-Mayaro virus activity	2014	Microbiology Institute, Virology Department, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. davisf@micro.ufrj.br.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Parasites & vectors Periodical, Abbrev. Parasit.Vectors Pub Date Free Form 28-Mar Volume 7 Issue Start Page 130 Other Pages 3305-7-130 Notes LR: 20150514; JID: 101462774; 0 (Antioxidants); 0 (Antiviral Agents); 0 (Glycosides); 9IKM0I5T1E (Quercetin); OID: NLM: PMC3973022; 2014/01/20 [received]; 2014/03/12 [accepted]; 2014/03/28 [aheadofprint]; epublish Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1756-3305; 1756-3305 Accession Number PMID: 24678592 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.1186/1756-3305-7-130 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 24678592 Abstract BACKGROUND: The arthropod-borne Mayaro virus (MAYV) causes 'Mayaro fever', a disease of medical significance, primarily affecting individuals in permanent contact with forested areas in tropical South America. Recently, MAYV has attracted attention due to its likely urbanization. Currently, there are no licensed drugs against most mosquito-transmitted viruses. Here, we investigated the in vitro anti-MAYV activity of the flavonoids quercetin and its derivatives from the Brazilian shrub Bauhinia longifolia (Bong.) Steud. METHODS: Flavonoids were purified by chromatographic fractionation from leaf extracts of B. longifolia and chemically identified as quercetin and quercetin glycosides using spectroscopic techniques. Cytotoxicity of purified flavonoids and of EtOAc- and n-BuOH-containing flavonoid mixtures was measured by the dye-uptake assay while their antiviral activity was evaluated by a virus yield inhibition assay. RESULTS: The following flavonoids were purified from B. longifolia leaves: non-glycosylated quercetin and its glycosides guaijaverin, quercitrin, isoquercitrin, and hyperin. EtOAc and n-BuOH fractions containing these flavonoids demonstrated the highest antiviral activity of all tested substances, while quercetin had the highest antiviral activity amongst purified flavonoids. Quercetin, EtOAc, or n-BuOH fractions inhibited MAYV production by more than 90% at 25 mug/mL, displaying a stronger antiviral effect than the licensed antiviral ribavirin. A mixture of the isomers isoquercitrin and hyperin had a modest antiviral effect (IC90 = 104.9), while guaijaverin and quercitrin did not show significant antiviral activity. CONCLUSIONS: B. longifolia is a good source of flavonoids with anti-Mayaro virus activity. This is the first report of the activity of quercetin and its derivatives against an alphavirus. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors dos Santos,A.E., Kuster,R.M., Yamamoto,K.A., Salles,T.S., Campos,R., de Meneses,M.D., Soares,M.R., Ferreira,D. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20140328 PMCID PMC3973022 Editors
Quantitative ultrasound and bone mineral density are equally strongly associated with risk factors for osteoporosis	2001	Osteoporosis Screening and Research Unit, Guy's Hospital, London, United Kingdom.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Journal of bone and mineral research : the official journal of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research Periodical, Abbrev. J.Bone Miner.Res. Pub Date Free Form Feb Volume 16 Issue 2 Start Page 406 Other Pages 416 Notes LR: 20071115; JID: 8610640; ppublish Place of Publication United States ISSN/ISBN 0884-0431; 0884-0431 Accession Number PMID: 11204441 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; IM DOI 10.1359/jbmr.2001.16.2.406 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 11204441 Abstract Because resources do not allow all women to be screened for osteoporosis, clinical risk factors are often used to identify those individuals at increased risk of fracture who are then assessed by bone densitometry. The aim of this study was to compare calcaneal quantitative ultrasound (QUS) and axial bone mineral density (BMD) T and Z scores in a large group of women, some with no clinical risk factors and others with one or more risk factors for osteoporosis. The study population consisted of 1115 pre- and postmenopausal women. A subgroup of 530 women was used to construct reference data for calculating T and Z scores. A total of 786 women was found to have one or more of the following risk factors: (i) atraumatic fracture since the age of 25 years, (ii) report of X-ray osteopenia, (iii) predisposing medical condition or use of therapy known to affect bone metabolism, (iv) premature menopause before the age of 45 years or a history of amenorrhea of longer than 6 months duration, (v) family history of osteoporosis, (vi) body mass index (BMI) <20 kg/m2, and (vii) current smoking habit. Calcaneal broadband ultrasound attenuation (BUA) and speed of sound (SOS) measurements were performed on a Hologic Sahara and a DTUone and BMD was measured at the spine and hip using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). The Z score decrements associated with the seven risk factors calculated using multivariate regression analysis were similar for QUS and BMD measurements. Z score decrements (mean of BMD and QUS measurements combined) associated with a history of atraumatic fracture (-0.67), X-ray osteopenia (-0.36), a family history of osteoporosis (-0.23), and a low BMI (-0.53) were all statistically significant compared with women with no risk factors. Z score decrements associated with a medical condition or use of therapy known to affect bone metabolism, a premature menopause or prolonged amenorrhea, or those who were current smokers were not significantly different from zero. As the number of risk factors present in each individual increased, the mean Z score decrements became more negative, increasing from -0.28 for women with one risk factor to -1.19 for those with four or more risk factors. QUS and BMD measurements yielded similar mean Z scores for women with one, two, three, or more than four risk factors. Using the World Health Organization (WHO) criteria to diagnose osteoporosis for BMD measurements and revised diagnostic criteria for QUS, approximately one-third of postmenopausal women aged 50+ years with clinical risk factors were classified as osteoporotic compared with only 12% of women without clinical risk factors. Over two-thirds of postmenopausal women with risk factors were classified as osteopenic or osteoporotic and approximately 28% were classified as normal. The proportion of women classified into each diagnostic category was similar for BMD and QUS. In conclusion, clinical risk factors for osteoporosis affected calcaneal BUA and SOS Z score measurements to the same extent as axial BMD Z score measurements. Provided revised diagnostic criteria are adopted for QUS, similar proportions of postmenopausal women are identified as osteopenic or osteoporotic as with BMD. Descriptors Absorptiometry, Photon, Adult, Bone Density, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Osteoporosis/physiopathology/ultrasonography, Prevalence, Risk Factors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Frost,M. L., Blake,G. M., Fogelman,I. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Quantitative studies on the transmission of Onchocerca volvulus by Simulium damnosum in the Bong Range, Liberia	1973	Bernhard Nocht Inst. Schiffs- Tropenkrankh., Hamburg	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Periodical, Abbrev. Z.TROPENMED.PARASIT. Pub Date Free Form 1973/ Volume 24 Issue 3 Start Page 358 Other Pages 372 Notes Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN Accession Number Language SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract Quantitative aspects of the transmission of O. volvulus have been investigated in an area of the tropical rain forest zone in West Liberia. The daily and annual cycles of biting densities, age composition and infection rates of the Simulium damnosum population have been studied for one or more years at 7 catching sites. Dissections of 67,758 females of S. damnosum revealed a mean annual parous rate of 10.9%; 17.2% of the parous flies carried developing filaria infections, 2.6% third stage larvae of O. volvulus, and 3.0% third stage larvae of other filaria species. An average of 900 O. volvulus larvae theoretically transmitted per man per year was calculated. This transmission potential was associated with a microfilariae carrier rate of 63% in the human population. Descriptors arthropod, carrier, epidemiology, Microfilaria, Onchocerca volvulus, onchocerciasis, prevention, Simulium damnosum Links Book Title Database Embase; MEDLINE Publisher Data Source Embase Authors Garms,R. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Quantitative evaluation of the radon and lung cancer association in a case control study of Chinese tin miners	1990	Lubin, J.H., Epidemiologic Methods Section, Biostatistics Branch, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD 20892, United States	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Cancer research Periodical, Abbrev. Cancer Res. Pub Date Free Form 1990/ Volume 50 Issue 1 Start Page 174 Other Pages 180 Notes Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN 0008-5472 Accession Number Language SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract Studies of underground miners have consistently shown an increased risk of lung cancer with cumulative exposure to radon-222 and its decay products. Although the deleterious effects of high radon exposure are clear, questions regarding the shape of the exposure-response relationship, and the effects of time factors such as attained age, time since exposure and early age at first exposure, the effect of exposure rate, and the joint association of radon exposure and tobacco use have not yet been fully clarified. This report considers these questions by fitting various models for the relative odds of disease to 74 male lung cancer cases who were diagnosed between 1981 and 1984 and were alive in 1985 and an equal number of controls. All subjects are current or past employees of the Yunnan Tin Corporation, Gejiu City, China, who reside in the local area. Workers were interviewed to obtain information on work history, from which radon exposure in cumulative working level months and arsenic exposure were estimated, and on tobacco use. Results indicate that excess relative risk increases by 1.7% per cumulative working level month [95% confidence interval (0.5, 5.4)]. The linear exposure response relationship significantly declines with year since last radon exposure (P=0.02). The risk trend also declines with increasing exposure rate (P=0.001), indicating that long duration of exposure at a low rate may be more deleterious than short duration of exposure at a high rate. A unique aspect of this study population is the very early ages at first radon exposure for many of the workers, about 37% of the radon-exposed workers were first exposed under the age of 13 years. The analysis shows no modification of the radon lung cancer relationship with age at first exposure. These patterns of risk with radon exposure are generally consistent with those reported in the recent National Academy of Sciences' Biological Effects of Ionizing Radiations IV report. The primary method of tobacco consumption in this area of China is by waterpipe. Lung cancer risk increases with pipe-years of use. The joint analysis of tobacco use and radon exposure supports the Biological Effects of Ionizing Radiations IV conclusion that the most likely model is between additive and multiplicative. The variations of the radon lung cancer relationship by years since last exposure and exposure rate are not affected by adjustment for arsenic exposure. Descriptors radon, tin, article, cancer risk, case control study, China, controlled study, human, lung cancer, major clinical study, miner, priority journal, quantitative assay Links Book Title Database Embase; MEDLINE Publisher Data Source Embase Authors Lubin,J. H., Qiao,Y. -L, Taylor,P. R., Yao,S. -X, Schatzkin,A., Mao,B. -L, Rao,J. -Y, Xuan,X. -Z, Li,J. -Y Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Quantitative detection of bisphenol A and bisphenol A diglycidyl ether metabolites in human plasma by liquid chromatography-electrospray mass spectrometry	2001	Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hoshi University, Tokyo, Japan.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Journal of chromatography.B, Biomedical sciences and applications Periodical, Abbrev. J.Chromatogr.B Biomed.Sci.Appl. Pub Date Free Form 25-Dec Volume 765 Issue 2 Start Page 121 Other Pages 126 Notes LR: 20131121; JID: 9714109; 0 (Benzhydryl Compounds); 0 (Epoxy Compounds); 0 (Phenols); F3XRM1NX4H (2,2-bis(4-glycidyloxyphenyl)propane); MLT3645I99 (bisphenol A); ppublish Place of Publication Netherlands ISSN/ISBN 1387-2273; 1387-2273 Accession Number PMID: 11767304 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 11767304 Abstract Due to the ubiquity of epoxy resin compounds and their potential role in increasing the risk for reproductive dysfunction and cancer, the need for an assessment of human exposure is urgent. Therefore, we developed a method for measuring bisphenol A (BPA) and bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) metabolites in human blood samples using high-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (LC-MS). Human blood samples were processed using enzymatic deconjugation of the glucuronides followed by a novel sample preparation procedure using a solid-phase-cartridge column. This selective analytical method permits rapid detection of the metabolites, free BPA and a hydrolysis product of BADGE (BADGE-40H) with detection limits in the low nanogram per milliliter range (0.1 ng ml(-1) of BPA and 0.5 ng ml(-1) of BADGE-40H). The sample extraction was achieved by Oasis HLB column on gradient elution. The recoveries of BPA and BADGE-40H added to human plasma samples were above 70.0% with a standard deviation of less than 5.0%. This selective, sensitive and accurate method will assist in elucidating potential associations between human exposure to epoxy-based compounds and adverse health effects. Descriptors Benzhydryl Compounds, Chromatography, Liquid/methods, Epoxy Compounds/analysis, Humans, Phenols/blood, Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization/methods Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Inoue,K., Yamaguchi,A., Wada,M., Yoshimura,Y., Makino,T., Nakazaw,H. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Quantitative comparisons between a nicotine delivery device (Eclipse) and conventional cigarette smoking	2004	National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, MD, USA.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco Periodical, Abbrev. Nicotine Tob.Res. Pub Date Free Form Feb Volume 6 Issue 1 Start Page 95 Other Pages 102 Notes LR: 20151119; GR: 5-P50-CA84718/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States; JID: 9815751; 6M3C89ZY6R (Nicotine); 7U1EE4V452 (Carbon Monoxide); ppublish Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1462-2203; 1462-2203 Accession Number PMID: 14982693 Language eng SubFile Comparative Study; Journal Article; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.; IM DOI 10.1080/14622200310001656911 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 14982693 Abstract In 1997, R. J. Reynolds introduced Eclipse, a nicotine delivery device (NDD) purported to deliver lower levels of smoke than conventional cigarettes. This NDD uses a carbon fuel element to vaporize the nicotine in the rod; the user then inhales the nicotine vapor. In the present study, the effects of this NDD on smoking topography; substance delivery factors; and physiological, subjective, and biochemical markers of smoking were compared with commercial cigarettes (referred to as Own Brand). All smoking occurred ad lib with the cigarette or NDD hand-held (conventional) or held in a topography mouthpiece. A total of 10 adults (seven males) smoked on five occasions: NDD conventional, NDD topography, Own Brand conventional, Own Brand topography (twice). Sessions were separated by at least 24 hr. Measures were taken before and 2, 5, 10, 15, 30, and 60 min after smoking. The NDD took longer to smoke (366 s vs. 292 s), required more puffs (14.8 vs. 10.8), and caused a larger increase in exhaled carbon monoxide (CO; 7.3 ppm vs. 4.2 ppm) than Own Brand. However, venous plasma nicotine boost was significantly larger 2 min after smoking Own Brand as compared with the NDD (16.4 ng/ml vs. 10.7 ng/ml). Puff volume (90.7 ml vs. 63.0 ml) and puff velocity (81.6 ml/s vs. 58.2 ml/s) were greater after the NDD than Own Brand, whereas inter-puff interval and puff duration were similar. Subjects rated the NDD as less satisfying (5.2 vs. 9.8), less rewarding (9.5 vs. 14.3), and more aversive (5.0 vs. 3.1) than their own brand. The results of this study indicate that this NDD exposes the user to significant quantities of nicotine, CO, and possibly other harmful components of tobacco smoke. The findings further validate the use of a topography device as an effective instrument to quantify smoke exposure. Descriptors Adult, Blood Pressure/drug effects, Carbon Monoxide/analysis, Equipment Design, Female, Heart Rate/drug effects, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Nicotine/administration & dosage/adverse effects/blood, Smoking Cessation/methods, Tobacco Use Disorder/epidemiology, Volatilization Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Lee,E. M., Malson,J. L., Moolchan,E. T., Pickworth,W. B. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Quantitative Analyses of Esophageal Cancer Research in Pakistan	2016	Department of Molecular Pathology, Dow International Medical College, Dow Diagnostic Research and Reference Laboratory, Dow University of Health Sciences Karachi, Pakistan Email : asif@asifqureshi.com.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention : APJCP Periodical, Abbrev. Asian Pac.J.Cancer.Prev. Pub Date Free Form Volume 17 Issue 7 Start Page 3117 Other Pages 3122 Notes JID: 101130625; ppublish Place of Publication Thailand ISSN/ISBN 1513-7368; 1513-7368 Accession Number PMID: 27509939 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; IM DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 27509939 Abstract BACKGROUND: Healthcare research is a neglected discipline in Pakistan and research related to esophageal cancer (ranks 9th in Pakistani males and 5th in females) is no exception in this regard. Particularly, there are no data available to delineate the overall status of esophageal cancer epidemiological studies in Pakistan. This study describes the first ever effort to make a systematic quantification, in an attempt to provide a roadmap to all stakeholders for designing appropriate epidemiological, diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. MATERIALS AND METHODS: International (PubMed, ISI Web of Knowledge) and local (PakMedinet) scientific databases as well as Google search engine were searched using specified keywords to extract relevant publication. Well defined inclusion criteria were implemented to select publications for final analyses. All data were recorded by at least 3 authors and consensus data were entered into and analyzed for descriptive statistics (such as frequencies, percentages and annual growth rates) using Microsoft Excel and SPSS software. RESULTS: A total of 79 publications fulfilled the inclusion criteria including 20 publications for which full texts were not available. Of the 79 publications, 59 (74.6%) were original/research publications, 5 (6.3%) were case reports, 4 (5.1%) were research communications, 2 (2.5%) were review articles, 1 was (1.2%) correspondence and 8 (10.1%) were un defined categories. Only 13 Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Qureshi,M.A., Khan,S., Ujjan,I.D., Iqbal,A., Khan,R., Khan,B.A. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors

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