WTS database

Title Sort descending	Pub Year	Author	SearchLink
E-cigarette use and intentions to smoke among 10-11-year-old never-smokers in Wales	2016	Centre for the Development and Evaluation of Complex Interventions for Public Health Improvement (DECIPHer), Cardiff University, School of Social Sciences, Cardiff, UK.; Centre for the Development and Evaluation of Complex Interventions for Public Health	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Tobacco control Periodical, Abbrev. Tob.Control Pub Date Free Form Mar Volume 25 Issue 2 Start Page 147 Other Pages 152 Notes LR: 20160324; CI: Published by the BMJ Publishing Group Limited. For permission to use (where not already granted under a licence) please go to http://www.bmj.com/company/products-services/rights-and-licensing/; GR: MR/K021400/1/Medical Research Council/U Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1468-3318; 0964-4563 Accession Number PMID: 25535293 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2014-052011 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 25535293 Abstract BACKGROUND: E-cigarettes are seen by some as offering harm reduction potential, where used effectively as smoking cessation devices. However, there is emerging international evidence of growing use among young people, amid concerns that this may increase tobacco uptake. Few UK studies examine the prevalence of e-cigarette use in non-smoking children or associations with intentions to smoke. METHODS: A cross-sectional survey of year 6 (10-11-year-old) children in Wales. Approximately 1500 children completed questions on e-cigarette use, parental and peer smoking, and intentions to smoke. Logistic regression analyses among never smoking children, adjusted for school-level clustering, examined associations of smoking norms with e-cigarette use, and of e-cigarette use with intentions to smoke tobacco within the next 2 years. RESULTS: Approximately 6% of year 6 children, including 5% of never smokers, reported having used an e-cigarette. By comparison to children whose parents neither smoked nor used e-cigarettes, children were most likely to have used an e-cigarette if parents used both tobacco and e-cigarettes (OR=3.40; 95% CI 1.73 to 6.69). Having used an e-cigarette was associated with intentions to smoke (OR=3.21; 95% CI 1.66 to 6.23). While few children reported that they would smoke in 2 years' time, children who had used an e-cigarette were less likely to report that they definitely would not smoke tobacco in 2 years' time and were more likely to say that they might. CONCLUSIONS: E-cigarettes represent a new form of childhood experimentation with nicotine. Findings are consistent with a hypothesis that children use e-cigarettes to imitate parental and peer smoking behaviours, and that e-cigarette use is associated with weaker antismoking intentions. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Moore,G.F., Littlecott,H.J., Moore,L., Ahmed,N., Holliday,J. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20141222 PMCID PMC4789807 Editors
E-cigarette use and willingness to smoke: a sample of adolescent non-smokers	2016	Prevention and Control Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, Hawaii USA.; Cancer Control Research Program, Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire, USA.; Prevention and Control Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Hono	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Tobacco control Periodical, Abbrev. Tob.Control Pub Date Free Form Apr Volume 25 Issue e1 Start Page e52 Other Pages 9 Notes LR: 20160422; CI: Published by the BMJ Publishing Group Limited. For permission to use (where not already granted under a licence) please go to http://www.bmj.com/company/products-services/rights-and-licensing/; GR: P30 CA071789/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United Stat Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1468-3318; 0964-4563 Accession Number PMID: 26261237 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; IM DOI 10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2015-052349 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 26261237 Abstract OBJECTIVE: There is little evidence on the consequences of using electronic cigarettes (e-cigarette) in adolescence. With a multiethnic sample of non-smokers, we assessed the relation between e-cigarette use and social-cognitive factors that predict smoking of combustible cigarettes. METHODS: School-based cross-sectional survey of 2309 high school students (mean age 14.7 years). Participants reported on e-cigarette use and cigarette use; on smoking-related cognitions (smoking expectancies, prototypes of smokers) and peer smoker affiliations; and on willingness to smoke cigarettes. Regression analyses conducted for non-cigarette smokers tested the association between e-cigarette use and willingness to smoke cigarettes, controlling for demographics, parenting, academic and social competence, and personality variables. Structural equation modelling (SEM) analysis tested whether the relation between e-cigarette use and willingness to smoke was mediated through any of the three smoking-related variables. RESULTS: Non-smokers who had used e-cigarettes (18% of the total sample) showed more willingness to smoke cigarettes compared with those who had never used any tobacco product; the adjusted OR was 2.35 (95% CI 1.73 to 3.19). SEM showed that the relation between e-cigarette use and willingness to smoke was partly mediated through more positive expectancies about smoking, but there was also a direct path from e-cigarette use to willingness. CONCLUSIONS: Among adolescent non-smokers, e-cigarette use is associated with willingness to smoke, a predictor of future cigarette smoking. The results suggest that use of e-cigarettes by adolescents is not without attitudinal risk for cigarette smoking. These findings have implications for formulation of policy about access to e-cigarettes by adolescents. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Wills,T.A., Sargent,J.D., Knight,R., Pagano,I., Gibbons,F.X. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20150810 PMCID PMC4840020 Editors
E-cigarette use in the past and quitting behavior in the future: a population-based study	2015	Wael K. Al-Delaimy, Eric C. Leas, and David R. Strong are with the Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of California, San Diego. Mark G. Myers is with the Psychology Service, Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, and the De	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full American Journal of Public Health Periodical, Abbrev. Am.J.Public Health Pub Date Free Form Jun Volume 105 Issue 6 Start Page 1213 Other Pages 1219 Notes LR: 20160105; JID: 1254074; CIN: Am J Public Health. 2015 Nov;105(11):e1. PMID: 26270297; CIN: Am J Public Health. 2015 Nov;105(11):e1-2. PMID: 26378864; EIN: Am J Public Health. 2015 Sep;105(9):e7. PMID: 26252076; 2015/04/16 [aheadofprint]; ppublish Place of Publication United States ISSN/ISBN 1541-0048; 0090-0036 Accession Number PMID: 25880947 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; AIM; IM DOI 10.2105/AJPH.2014.302482 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 25880947 Abstract OBJECTIVES: We examined whether smokers who used e-cigarettes are more likely to quit after 1 year than smokers who had never used e-cigarettes. METHODS: We surveyed California smokers (n = 1000) at 2 time points 1 year apart. We conducted logistic regression analyses to determine whether history of e-cigarette use at baseline predicted quitting behavior at follow-up, adjusting for demographics and smoking behavior at baseline. We limited analyses to smokers who reported consistent e-cigarette behavior at baseline and follow-up. RESULTS: Compared with smokers who never used e-cigarettes, smokers who ever used e-cigarettes were significantly less likely to decrease cigarette consumption (odds ratio [OR] = 0.51; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.30, 0.87), and significantly less likely to quit for 30 days or more at follow-up (OR = 0.41; 95% CI = 0.18, 0.93). Ever-users of e-cigarettes were more likely to report a quit attempt, although this was not statistically significant (OR = 1.15; 95% CI = 0.67, 1.97). CONCLUSIONS: Smokers who have used e-cigarettes may be at increased risk for not being able to quit smoking. These findings, which need to be confirmed by longer-term cohort studies, have important policy and regulation implications regarding the use of e-cigarettes among smokers. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Al-Delaimy,W.K., Myers,M.G., Leas,E.C., Strong,D.R., Hofstetter,C.R. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20150416 PMCID Editors
E-cigarette versus nicotine inhaler: comparing the perceptions and experiences of inhaled nicotine devices	2014	Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Division of General Internal Medicine, 125 Paterson Street, Suite 2300, New Brunswick, NJ, 08903, USA, michael.steinberg@rutgers.edu.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Journal of general internal medicine Periodical, Abbrev. J.Gen.Intern.Med. Pub Date Free Form Nov Volume 29 Issue 11 Start Page 1444 Other Pages 1450 Notes LR: 20160701; GR: P30 CA072720/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States; GR: P30CA072720/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States; GR: P50 DA036107/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States; GR: P50-DA-036105-01/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States; GR: P50-DA-036107-01/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United Stat Place of Publication United States ISSN/ISBN 1525-1497; 0884-8734 Accession Number PMID: 24830741 Language eng SubFile Comparative Study; Journal Article; Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.1007/s11606-014-2889-7 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 24830741 Abstract BACKGROUND: Novel nicotine delivery products, such as electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes), have dramatically grown in popularity despite limited data on safety and benefit. In contrast, the similar U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved nicotine inhaler is rarely utilized by smokers. Understanding this paradox could be helpful to determine the potential for e-cigarettes as an alternative to tobacco smoking. OBJECTIVE: To compare the e-cigarette with the nicotine inhaler in terms of perceived benefits, harms, appeal, and role in assisting with smoking cessation. DESIGN: A cross-over trial was conducted from 2012 to 2013 PARTICIPANTS/INTERVENTIONS: Forty-one current smokers age 18 and older used the e-cigarette and nicotine inhaler each for 3 days, in random order, with a washout period in between. Thirty-eight participants provided data on product use, perceptions, and experiences. MAIN MEASURES: The Modified Cigarette Evaluation Questionnaire (mCEQ) measured satisfaction, reward, and aversion. Subjects were also asked about each product's helpfulness, similarity to cigarettes, acceptability, image, and effectiveness in quitting smoking. Cigarette use was also recorded during the product-use periods. KEY RESULTS: The e-cigarette had a higher total satisfaction score (13.9 vs. 6.8 [p Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Steinberg,M.B., Zimmermann,M.H., Delnevo,C.D., Lewis,M.J., Shukla,P., Coups,E.J., Foulds,J. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20140515 PMCID PMC4238186 Editors
E-cigarettes, Cigarettes, and the Prevalence of Adolescent Tobacco Use	2016	Department of Preventive Medicine, and jtrimis@usc.edu.; Department of Preventive Medicine, and.; Department of Preventive Medicine, and.; Department of Preventive Medicine, and.; Department of Preventive Medicine, and.; Department of Preventive Medicine,	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Pediatrics Periodical, Abbrev. Pediatrics Pub Date Free Form Aug Volume 138 Issue 2 Start Page 10.1542/peds.2015 Other Pages 3983. Epub 2016 Jul 11 Notes CI: Copyright (c) 2016; JID: 0376422; 2016/05/09 [accepted]; 2016/07/11 [aheadofprint]; ppublish Place of Publication United States ISSN/ISBN 1098-4275; 0031-4005 Accession Number PMID: 27401102 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; AIM; IM DOI 10.1542/peds.2015-3983 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 27401102 Abstract BACKGROUND: Adolescent e-cigarette use has increased rapidly in recent years, but it is unclear whether e-cigarettes are merely substituting for cigarettes or whether e-cigarettes are being used by those who would not otherwise have smoked. To understand the role of e-cigarettes in overall tobacco product use, we examine prevalence rates from Southern California adolescents over 2 decades. METHODS: The Children's Health Study is a longitudinal study of cohorts reaching 12th grade in 1995, 1998, 2001, 2004, and 2014. Cohorts were enrolled from entire classrooms in schools in selected communities and followed prospectively through completion of secondary school. Analyses used data from grades 11 and 12 of each cohort (N = 5490). RESULTS: Among 12th-grade students, the combined adjusted prevalence of current cigarette or e-cigarette use in 2014 was 13.7%. This was substantially greater than the 9.0% adjusted prevalence of current cigarette use in 2004, before e-cigarettes were available (P = .003) and only slightly less than the 14.7% adjusted prevalence of smoking in 2001 (P = .54). Similar patterns were observed for prevalence rates in 11th grade, for rates of ever use, and among both male and female adolescents and both Hispanic and Non-Hispanic White adolescents. CONCLUSIONS: Smoking prevalence among Southern California adolescents has declined over 2 decades, but the high prevalence of combined e-cigarette or cigarette use in 2014, compared with historical Southern California smoking prevalence, suggests that e-cigarettes are not merely substituting for cigarettes and indicates that e-cigarette use is occurring in adolescents who would not otherwise have used tobacco products. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher by the American Academy of Pediatrics Data Source Authors Barrington-Trimis,J.L., Urman,R., Leventhal,A.M., Gauderman,W.J., Cruz,T.B., Gilreath,T.D., Howland,S., Unger,J.B., Berhane,K., Samet,J.M., McConnell,R. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20160711 PMCID Editors
E-cigarettes, Hookah Pens and Vapes: Adolescent and Young Adult Perceptions of Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems	2016	Department of Social Sciences and Health Policy, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC; kwagoner@wakehealth.edu.; Department of Social Sciences and Health Policy, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC;; Department of Social Science	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco Periodical, Abbrev. Nicotine Tob.Res. Pub Date Free Form 30-Mar Volume Issue Start Page Other Pages Notes LR: 20160527; CI: (c) The Author 2016; GR: P50 CA180907/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States; JID: 9815751; 2015/08/17 [received]; 2016/03/22 [accepted]; 2016/03/30 [aheadofprint]; aheadofprint Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN 1469-994X; 1462-2203 Accession Number PMID: 27029821 Language ENG SubFile JOURNAL ARTICLE DOI ntw095 [pii] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 27029821 Abstract INTRODUCTION: Most studies have assessed use of "e-cigarettes" or "electronic cigarettes," potentially excluding new electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS), such as e-hookahs and vape pens. Little is known about how adolescents and young adults perceive ENDS and if their perceptions vary by sub-type. We explored ENDS perceptions among these populations. METHODS: Ten focus groups with 77 adolescents and young adults, ages 13-25, were conducted in spring 2014. Participants were users or susceptible nonusers of novel tobacco products. Focus group transcripts were coded for emergent themes. RESULTS: Participants reported positive ENDS attributes, including flavor variety; user control of nicotine content; and smoke trick facilitation. Negative attributes included different feel compared to combustible cigarettes, nicotine addiction potential, and no cue to stop use. Participants perceived less harm from ENDS compared to combustible cigarettes, perhaps due to marketing and lack of product regulation, but noted the uncertainty of ingredients in ENDS. Numerous terms were used to describe ENDS, including "e-cigarette," "e-hookah," "hookah pens," "tanks," and "vapes." Although no clear classification system emerged, participants used product characteristics like nicotine content and chargeability to attempt classification. Perceptions differed by product used. E-hookah users were perceived as young and trendy while e-cigarette users were perceived as old and addicted to nicotine. CONCLUSIONS: Young adults and adolescents report distinct ENDS sub-types with varying characteristics and social perceptions of users. Although they had more positive than negative perceptions of ENDS, prevention efforts should consider highlighting negative attributes as they may discourage use and product trial among young nonusers. IMPLICATIONS: Our study underscores the need for a standardized measurement system for ENDS sub-types and additional research on how ENDS sub-types are perceived among adolescents and young adults. In addition, our findings highlight negative product attributes reported by participants that may be useful in prevention and regulatory efforts to offset favorable marketing messages. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher . Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco Data Source Authors Wagoner,K.G., Cornacchione,J., Wiseman,K.D., Teal,R., Moracco,K.E., Sutfin,E.L. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20160330 PMCID Editors
E. A review: Depression and smoking	2007	Arfken, C.L., Wayne State University, School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences,	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Ethnicity and Disease Periodical, Abbrev. Ethn.Dis. Pub Date Free Form / Volume 17 Issue SUPPL. 3 Start Page S3; 16-S3-18 Other Pages S3; 16-S3-18 Notes Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN 1049-510X Accession Number Language SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract The association between depression and smoking has been well-documented in multiple countries and age groups. This review examines recent publications that address the magnitude of the association and its causal patterns (ie, due to lowered success of quitting in people with depression, depression causing smoking, smoking causing depression or third factor related to both smoking and depression). We conclude that the association may be multi-factorial with each of the causal directions possibly contributing to the observed association. Also, the association extends beyond depression to other mental disorders, including consumption of illegal drugs and non-medical use of prescription medications. Although the studies emphasize cigarette smoking, it is plausible to generalize the findings to other tobacco delivery systems involving deep inhalation, such as a hookah, due to the pharmacodynamics of nicotine. Although this review did not examine any studies specific to Arab Americans, the findings should generalize if smoking is stigmatized or, alternatively, as stigmatization increases. The good news is that even with the robust association between depression and smoking, people with depression can quit smoking and continue to be smoke-free. Because 44.3% of cigarettes in the United States are consumed by individuals with mental illnesses1, mental illness deserves a prominent focus to allow our public health goal of reducing the prevalence of smoking to be reached. Descriptors nicotine, arab american, smoking, conference paper, depression, disease association, drug misuse, ethnic group, human, medical literature, mental disease, prevalence, public health service, publication, risk assessment, risk factor, smoking cessation, United States Links Book Title Database Embase Publisher Data Source Embase Authors Arfken,C. L. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Early adolescent patterns of alcohol, cigarettes, and marijuana polysubstance use and young adult substance use outcomes in a nationally representative sample	2014	National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, United States. Electronic address: psych.hmossmd@gmail.com.; Alcohol Epidemiologic Data System, CSR, Incorporated, United States.; Alcohol Epidemiologic Data System, CSR, Incorporated, United States.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Drug and alcohol dependence Periodical, Abbrev. Drug Alcohol Depend. Pub Date Free Form 1-Mar Volume 136 Issue Start Page 51 Other Pages 62 Notes CI: Published by Elsevier Ireland Ltd.; JID: 7513587; OTO: NOTNLM; 2013/07/30 [received]; 2013/12/09 [revised]; 2013/12/14 [accepted]; 2013/12/31 [aheadofprint]; ppublish Place of Publication Ireland ISSN/ISBN 1879-0046; 0376-8716 Accession Number PMID: 24434016 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; IM DOI 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2013.12.011 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 24434016 Abstract BACKGROUND: Alcohol, tobacco and marijuana are the most commonly used drugs by adolescents in the U.S. However, little is known about the patterning of early adolescent substance use, and its implications for problematic involvement with substances in young adulthood. We examined patterns of substance use prior to age 16, and their associations with young adult substance use behaviors and substance use disorders in a nationally representative sample of U.S. adolescents. METHOD: Using data from Wave 4 of the Add Health Survey (n=4245), we estimated the prevalence of various patterns of early adolescent use of alcohol, cigarettes, and marijuana use individually and in combination. Then we examined the effects of patterns of early use of these substances on subsequent young adult substance use behaviors and DSM-IV substance use disorders. RESULTS: While 34.4% of individuals reported no substance use prior to age 16, 34.1% reported either early use of both alcohol and marijuana or alcohol, marijuana and cigarettes, indicating the relatively high prevalence of this type of polysubstance use behavior among U.S. adolescents. Early adolescent use of all three substances was most strongly associated with a spectrum of young adult substance use problems, as well as DSM-IV substance use disorder diagnoses. CONCLUSIONS: This research confirms the elevated prevalence and importance of polysubstance use behavior among adolescents prior to age 16, and puts early onset of alcohol, marijuana and cigarette use into the context of use patterns rather than single drug exposures. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Moss,H.B., Chen,C.M., Yi,H.Y. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20131231 PMCID Editors
Early health effects of the emerging tobacco epidemic in China. A 16-year prospective study	1997	Clinical Trial Service Unit, University of Oxford, England.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Jama Periodical, Abbrev. JAMA Pub Date Free Form 12-Nov Volume 278 Issue 18 Start Page 1500 Other Pages 1504 Notes LR: 20140917; JID: 7501160; CIN: JAMA. 1997 Nov 12;278(18):1531-2. PMID: 9363976; CIN: JAMA. 1998 May 6;279(17):1346; author reply 1347-8. PMID: 9582036; CIN: JAMA. 1998 May 6;279(17):1346-7; author reply 1347-8. PMID: 9582037; EIN: JAMA 1999 May 26;281(2 Place of Publication UNITED STATES ISSN/ISBN 0098-7484; 0098-7484 Accession Number PMID: 9363969 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; AIM; IM DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 9363969 Abstract CONTEXT: In recent decades, there has been a rapid and substantial increase in tobacco consumption in China, particularly by men, but little is known from local epidemiologic studies about the pattern of smoking-related deaths. OBJECTIVE: To assess the current health effects of cigarette smoking in Shanghai, China. DESIGN: Prospective observational study of mortality in relation to cigarette smoking. SETTING: Eleven factories in urban Shanghai. SUBJECTS: A total of 9351 adults (6494 men and 2857 women) aged 35 to 64 years at baseline survey during the 1970s. OUTCOME MEASURES: All-cause and cause-specific mortality. RESULTS: During an average follow-up of 16 years, 881 men and 207 women died. Among men, 61% had described themselves as current cigarette smokers at baseline, and their overall mortality was significantly greater than that of nonsmokers (relative risk [RR], 1.4; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.2-1.7; P<.001). The excess was almost twice as great (RR, 1.8; 95% CI, 1.5-2.2 [corrected]; P<.001) among the men who had begun smoking before the age of 25 years and was significantly associated with the number of cigarettes smoked (P<.001 for trend) after adjustment for other major risk factors. The chief sources of the excess were lung cancer (RR, 3.8; 95% CI, 2.1-6.8; P<.001), esophageal cancer (RR, 3.6; 95% CI, 1.2-10.5; P=.02), liver cancer (RR, 2.0; 95% CI, 1.1-3.7; P=.03), coronary heart disease (RR, 1.8; 95% CI, 1.0-3.2; P=.04), and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (RR, 2.5; 95% CI, 1.4-4.4; P<.01). Among the men in this Chinese population, about 20% (95% CI, 12%-29%) of all deaths during the study period could be attributed to cigarette smoking. Of these deaths, one third involved lung cancer, one third involved other cancers, and one third involved other diseases. Only 7% of women described themselves as current cigarette smokers at baseline, but among them there was also a statistically significant excess of overall mortality (RR, 1.7; 95% CI, 1.2-2.5; P<.01). CONCLUSIONS: Cigarette smoking is already a major cause of death in China, and among middle-aged Shanghai men, about 20% of all deaths during the 1980s were due to smoking. The excess was greatest among men who began smoking before the age of 25 years, about 47% of whom would, at 1987 mortality rates, die between the ages of 35 and 69 years (compared with only 29% of nonsmokers). These estimates reflect the consequences of past smoking patterns. The future health effects of current smoking patterns are likely to be greater because of the recent large increase in cigarette consumption, particularly at younger ages, in China. Descriptors Adult, Aged, Cause of Death, China/epidemiology, Female, Humans, Lung Diseases, Obstructive/etiology/mortality, Male, Middle Aged, Mortality/trends, Neoplasms/etiology/mortality, Prevalence, Proportional Hazards Models, Prospective Studies, Risk Factors, Smoking/adverse effects/epidemiology/mortality, Vascular Diseases/etiology/mortality Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Chen,Z. M., Xu,Z., Collins,R., Li,W. X., Peto,R. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Early invasive pulmonary aspergillosis in a leukemia patient linked to aspergillus contaminated marijuana smoking	2001	Lahav, M., Medicine E Sapir Medical Center, Meir Hospital, Tel-Aviv University, Kfar Saba, Israel	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Leukemia and Lymphoma Periodical, Abbrev. Leuk.Lymphoma Pub Date Free Form 2001/ Volume 42 Issue 6 Start Page 1433 Other Pages 1437 Notes Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN 1042-8194 Accession Number Language SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract 46-year-old patient with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) whose disease manifested as fever, chills and dry cough is reported here. Despite broad antibiotic coverage he remained acutely ill with spiking fever, shaking chills, and hypoxemia. His initial chest radiograph was normal but chest computed tomography (CT) scan disclosed bilateral focal infiltrates. Hypoxemia and severe thrombocytopenia precluded invasive diagnostic procedures. A thorough epidemiological investigation revealed that before becoming acutely ill the patient smoked daily tobacco mixed with marijuana from a "hookah bottle". While waiting for tobacco and "hookah water" cultures, we started antifungal therapy. Resolution of fever and hypoxemia ensued after 72 hours. Tobacco cultures yielded heavy growth of Aspergillus species. We suggest that habitual smoking of Aspergillus-infested tobacco and marijuana caused airway colonization with Aspergillus. Leukemia rendered the patient immunocompromised, and allowed Aspergillus to infest the lung parenchyma with early occurrence of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis. Physicians should be aware of this potentially lethal complication of "hookah" and marijuana smoking in immunocompromised hosts. Descriptors amphotericin B, antibiotic agent, antifungal agent, cytarabine, etoposide, idarubicin, acute disease, acute myeloblastic leukemia, adult, antibiotic therapy, article, Aspergillus, cannabis addiction, case report, chill, computer assisted tomography, coughing, diagnostic procedure, disease severity, drug megadose, fever, fungal contamination, fungus culture, human, hypoxemia, immune deficiency, lung aspergillosis, lung infiltrate, lung parenchyma, male, priority journal, respiratory tract infection, smoking, thorax radiography, thrombocytopenia, tobacco, treatment failure Links Book Title Database Embase; MEDLINE Publisher Data Source Embase Authors Szyper-Kravitz,M., Lang,R., Manor,Y., Lahav,M. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors

E-mail