WTS database

Title	Pub Year	SearchLink
From the American Academy of Pediatrics: Technical report--Secondhand and prenatal tobacco smoke exposure	2009	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Pediatrics Periodical, Abbrev. Pediatrics Pub Date Free Form Nov Volume 124 Issue 5 Start Page e1017 Other Pages 44 Notes JID: 0376422; 0 (Tobacco Smoke Pollution); 2009/10/19 [aheadofprint]; 2009/10/19 [aheadofprint]; ppublish Place of Publication United States ISSN/ISBN 1098-4275; 0031-4005 Accession Number PMID: 19841110 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; AIM; IM DOI 10.1542/peds.2009-2120 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 19841110 Abstract Secondhand tobacco smoke (SHS) exposure of children and their families causes significant morbidity and mortality. In their personal and professional roles, pediatricians have many opportunities to advocate for elimination of SHS exposure of children, to counsel tobacco users to quit, and to counsel children never to start. This report discusses the harms of tobacco use and SHS exposure, the extent and costs of tobacco use and SHS exposure, and the evidence that supports counseling and other clinical interventions in the cycle of tobacco use. Recommendations for future research, policy, and clinical practice change are discussed. To improve understanding and provide support for these activities, the harms of SHS exposure are discussed, effective ways to eliminate or reduce SHS exposure are presented, and policies that support a smoke-free environment are outlined. Descriptors Adult, Child, Counseling, Female, Fetus/drug effects, Health Education, Humans, Parents, Pregnancy, Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects/prevention & control, Public Policy, Smoking/prevention & control, Tobacco Smoke Pollution/adverse effects/prevention & control, Tobacco Use Cessation Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Best,D., Committee on Environmental Health, Committee on Native American Child Health, Committee on Adolescence Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20091019 PMCID Editors
Secondhand smoke exposure, awareness, and prevention among African-born women	2010	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Am J Prev Med Periodical, Abbrev. Am.J.Prev.Med. Pub Date Free Form Volume 39 Issue 6 Start Page S37 Other Pages 43 Notes ID: 21074676 Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN Accession Number Language en SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract BACKGROUND: Little research exists on exposure to the health risks of secondhand smoke among women and children in African immigrant communities. PURPOSE: This exploratory study aims to understand the prevalence of secondhand smoke exposure; assess levels of awareness of the dangers of secondhand smoke; and identify strategies for building increased awareness of these issues in African immigrant communities in Minnesota. METHODS: Key informant interviews with ten African women community leaders, focus groups with 29 female African youth, and surveys of 223 African women were conducted between August 2008 and March 2009. The focus groups and key informant interviews were in English, and the surveys were in English, French, Oromo, and Somali. RESULTS: Over one quarter of African women reported daily exposure to cigarette smoke, and one in ten women reported daily exposure to smoke from shisha (fruit-flavored tobacco smoked in a hookah or waterpipe). Many respondents had general awareness of the health impacts of tobacco smoke, but some were unsure. The majority felt that increased awareness was badly needed in their communities. Awareness of the health impacts of shisha smoking was particularly low. Strategies for increasing awareness include: using media and visual images, attending large gatherings, and appealing to community members' priorities, including protecting their children. CONCLUSIONS: Exposure to secondhand smoke among women and children in African immigrant communities in Minnesota is substantial. Awareness about the health impacts of secondhand smoke exposure in these communities needs to be increased. Disseminating visual information at existing community gatherings or appealing to individual priorities may be the best approaches to increase awareness and motivate change. Descriptors Environmental Exposure/prevention & control, Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice, Tobacco Smoke Pollution/prevention & control, Adolescent, Adult, Africa/ethnology, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Emigrants and Immigrants, Environmental Exposure/adverse effects, Environmental Exposure/statistics & numerical data, Female, Humans, Middle Aged, Minnesota, Prevalence, Tobacco Smoke Pollution/adverse effects, Tobacco Smoke Pollution/statistics & numerical data, Young Adult Links http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.amepre.2010.08.011 Book Title Database MEDLINE; http://www.globalhealthlibrary.net/ Publisher Data Source Authors Dillon,Kristin A., Chase,Richard A. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Boom and bust inflation: a graceful exit via compact extra dimensions	2008	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Phys Rev Lett Periodical, Abbrev. Phys.Rev.Lett. Pub Date Free Form Volume 101 Issue 22 Start Page 221302 Other Pages 221302 Notes ID: 19113473 Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN Accession Number Language en SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract A model of inflation is proposed in which compact extra dimensions allow a graceful exit without recourse to flat potentials or super-Planckian field values. Though bubbles of true vacuum are too sparse to uniformly reheat the Universe by colliding with each other, a compact dimension enables a single bubble to uniformly reheat by colliding with itself. This mechanism, which generates an approximately scale invariant perturbation spectrum, requires that inflation be driven by a bulk field, that vacuum decay be slow, and that the extra dimension be at least a hundred times larger than the false vacuum Hubble length. Descriptors Links http://pesquisa.bvsalud.org/ghl/resource/en/mdl-19113473 Book Title Database MEDLINE; http://www.globalhealthlibrary.net/ Publisher Data Source Authors Brown,Adam R. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Assessment of narghile (shisha, hookah) smokers' actual exposure to toxic chemicals requires further sound studies	2011	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Periodical, Abbrev. Pub Date Free Form Volume 6 Issue Start Page Other Pages Notes ID: 21584212 Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN Accession Number Language en SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract Tobacco smoking is hazardous for health. However, not all forms of tobacco use entail the same risks and the latter should be studied and compared in a sound realistic way. Smoking machines for cigarettes (which are consumed in a few minutes) were early designed as a tool to evaluate the actual intake of toxic substances ('toxicants') by smokers. However, the yields (tar, nicotine, CO, etc.) provided by such machines poorly reflect the actual human smoking behaviour known to depend on numerous factors (anxiety, emotions, anthropological situation, etc.). In the case of narghile smoking, the problems are even more complex, particularly because of the much longer duration of a session. A recent study from the US-American University of Beirut was based on a field smoking topography and claimed consistency with a laboratory smoking machine. We offer a point by point critical analysis of such methods on which most of the 'waterpipe' antismoking literature since 2002 is based. Descriptors Links http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3094468/?tool=pubmed; http://dx.doi.org/10.3402/ljm.v6i0.5934 Book Title Database MEDLINE; http://www.globalhealthlibrary.net/ Publisher Data Source Authors Chaouachi,Kamal Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
The narghile (hookah, shisha, goza) epidemic and the need for clearing up confusion and solving problems related with model building of social situations	2007	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full ScientificWorldJournal Periodical, Abbrev. Pub Date Free Form Volume 7 Issue Start Page 1691 Other Pages 6 Notes ID: 17982564 Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN Accession Number Language en SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract Many biomedical studies of the past seven years have failed in giving a sound picture of what hookah (shisha, narghile, goza) smoke and smoking are. The reasons are many: from the widespread use of a confusing neologism ("waterpipe") instead of the few clear and natural words used for centuries by indigenous and non-indigenous people in their real life, to the use of artificial smoking (machines) instead of relying on quantitative and qualitative analysis of toxicants directly performed on real hookah smokers. Descriptors Models, Biological, Smoking/epidemiology, Social Environment, Humans, Smoking/adverse effects, Smoking/psychology Links http://pesquisa.bvsalud.org/ghl/resource/en/mdl-17982564 Book Title Database MEDLINE; http://www.globalhealthlibrary.net/ Publisher Data Source Authors Chaouachi,Kamal T. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
High school students who tried to quit smoking cigarettes--United States, 2007	2009	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full MMWR.Morbidity and mortality weekly report Periodical, Abbrev. MMWR Morb.Mortal.Wkly.Rep. Pub Date Free Form 1-May Volume 58 Issue 16 Start Page 428 Other Pages 431 Notes JID: 7802429; ppublish Place of Publication United States ISSN/ISBN 1545-861X; 0149-2195 Accession Number PMID: 19407736 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; IM DOI mm5816a4 [pii] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 19407736 Abstract In the United States, cigarette use is the leading cause of preventable death, and most adult smokers started before the age of 18 years. Nicotine dependence maintains tobacco use and makes quitting difficult. Despite their relatively short smoking histories, many adolescents who smoke are nicotine dependent, and such dependence can lead to daily smoking. To examine the extent to which high school students had tried to quit smoking cigarettes, CDC analyzed data from the 2007 Youth Risk Behavior Survey (YRBS), a nationally representative survey of students in grades 9-12 in the United States. This report describes the results of that analysis, which found that 60.9% of students who ever smoked cigarettes daily tried to quit smoking cigarettes, and 12.2% were successful. These findings indicate that comprehensive tobacco control programs need to continue to implement community-based interventions that prevent initiation and increase cessation and increase the use of evidence-based cessation strategies for youths. Descriptors Adolescent, Adult, Data Collection, Female, Humans, Male, Prevalence, Smoking/epidemiology, Smoking Cessation/statistics & numerical data, Students, United States/epidemiology Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Hookah, opium and tobacco smoking in relation to oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma	2009	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Br J Cancer Periodical, Abbrev. Br.J.Cancer Pub Date Free Form Volume 100 Issue 6 Start Page 1015; author reply 1016 Other Pages 1015; author reply 1016 Notes ID: 19259087 Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN Accession Number Language en SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract Descriptors Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/etiology, Esophageal Neoplasms/etiology, Opium/adverse effects, Smoking/adverse effects, Humans Links http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2661773/?tool=pubmed; http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sj.bjc.6604958 Book Title Database MEDLINE; http://www.globalhealthlibrary.net/ Publisher Data Source Authors Chaouachi,K. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Knowledge of and attitudes towards tobacco control among smoking and non-smoking physicians in 2 Gulf Arab states	2004	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Saudi Med J Periodical, Abbrev. Saudi Med.J. Pub Date Free Form Volume 25 Issue 5 Start Page 585 Other Pages 91 Notes ID: 15138525 Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN Accession Number Language en SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract OBJECTIVE: The global health professional survey is a project organized by the World Health Organization, to determine the smoking habits, knowledge and attitude towards tobacco control of health professionals in several countries around the world. This paper presents data from Kuwait and Bahrain. METHODS: The survey period was between May 2000 and March 2001. A questionnaire was distributed to all physicians in Bahrain and to a random sample from Kuwait. The responses to knowledge and attitude questions were on a scale of 1-5, (1 strongly agree, 2 agree, 3 unsure, 4 disagree and 5 strongly disagree). RESULTS: Four hundred and seventy physicians from Bahrain and 1095 from Kuwait completed the questionnaire. The prevalence of cigarette smoking in Kuwait was: current smokers 18.4%, previous smokers 15.8%, Bahrain 14.6% and 14.3%. The prevalence of shisha smoking was 12% and 6.4% for Kuwait and Bahrain, (p=0.004). The mean scores of agreement with the association between passive smoking and lung diseases, lower respiratory tract infections in children were 1.6, 1.7 and 1.8, 1.9 for non smoking physicians and smoking physicians (P<0.01). The mean scores of agreement with the following policies: large health warning on cigarette packages, complete ban on tobacco advertisement and an increase in the price of cigarette were 1.3, 1.4, 1.7 and 1.7, 1.7, 2.5 for smoking and non-smoking physicians (p<0.01). CONCLUSION: Smoking physicians have less knowledge and less favorable attitude towards tobacco control compared to non-smokers. There was no difference in the prevalence of cigarette smoking between Kuwait and Bahrain, but the prevalence of shisha smoking was higher in Kuwait. Descriptors Attitude of Health Personnel, Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice, Physicians/statistics & numerical data, Smoking Cessation, Smoking/epidemiology, Adult, Bahrain/epidemiology, Cross-Cultural Comparison, Cross-Sectional Studies, Female, Health Surveys, Humans, Kuwait/epidemiology, Male, Middle Aged, Physicians/psychology, Sampling Studies, Smoking/adverse effects, Smoking/prevention & control, Smoking Cessation/psychology Links http://pesquisa.bvsalud.org/ghl/resource/en/mdl-15138525 Book Title Database MEDLINE; http://www.globalhealthlibrary.net/ Publisher Data Source Authors Behbehani,Nasser N., Hamadeh,Randah R., Macklai,Nejma S. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Women segmentation based on contraceptive use	1994	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full The Egyptian population and family planning review Periodical, Abbrev. Egypt.Popul.Fam.Plann.Rev. Pub Date Free Form Jun Volume 28 Issue 1 Start Page 19 Other Pages 54 Notes LR: 20130308; JID: 8406656; OID: PIP: 111752; OID: POP: 00251674; OTO: PIP; GN: PIP: TJ: EGYPTIAN POPULATION AND FAMILY PLANNING REVIEW; ppublish Place of Publication EGYPT ISSN/ISBN 1110-1156; 1110-1156 Accession Number PMID: 12290886 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; J DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 12290886 Abstract PIP: In the past, the Egyptian Information, Education and Communication Center (IEC) SIS/IEC Center has used research findings to develop messages on the health benefits of family planning to mothers and children, proper use of contraceptive methods, and the need for acquiring correct information. A recent analysis of the 1995 Egypt Demographic and Health Survey data on 9153 currently married women aged 15-49 aimed to generate preliminary audience segments and profiles of different groups of current users, never users, and discontinuers of family planning methods so the Center can develop messages on family planning and birth spacing. 47.1% of all women in the analysis currently used contraception. 19.8% had used contraception, but did not do so currently. 33.1% had never used contraception. The leading factors affecting contraceptive use were husband's approval, husband-wife communications, desire for more children, and religion. Based on what was learned from discontinuers, the Center made two general conclusions. It needs to design special messages targeting discontinuers or never users. These special messages need to concern the groups' knowledge about different family planning methods, side effects, birth spacing methods, and birth limiting methods. Husband involvement in family planning is essential. Thus, the Center needs to develop special messages geared to men. To do so, however, a cluster analysis for husbands would be helpful in message development. Descriptors Africa, Africa, Northern, Behavior, Birth Intervals, Communication, Contraception, Contraception Behavior, Demography, Developing Countries, Economics, Egypt, Family Planning Services, Health Planning, Health Services Needs and Demand, Information Services, Interpersonal Relations, Marital Status, Marriage, Middle East, Organization and Administration, Patient Acceptance of Health Care, Population, Population Dynamics, Acceptor Characteristics--women, Acceptors, Arab Countries, Birth Spacing, Communication Programs, Contraception Termination--women, Contraceptive Usage--women, Currently Married--women, Demographic And Health Surveys, Demographic Factors, Demographic Surveys, Economic Factors, Family Planning, Family Planning Programs, Husband-wife Communication, Iec, Mediterranean Countries, Needs, Nonacceptor Characteristics--women, Nonacceptors, Northern Africa, Nuptiality, Partner Communication, Program Activities, Programs, Research Report Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors El-zanaty,F. H. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Le narguilÃ© et ses effets sur la santÃ©. Partie I : le narguilÃ©, description gÃ©nÃ©rale et propriÃ©tÃ©s	2009	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Rev Pneumol Clin Periodical, Abbrev. Rev.Pneumol.Clin. Pub Date Free Form Volume 65 Issue 6 Start Page 369 Other Pages 75 Notes ID: 19995660 Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN Accession Number Language fr SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract A narghile is a water-pipe used to smoke a tobacco preparation. As the smoker inhales, the tobacco smoke is sucked down from the bowl and then bubbles up through the water into the air of the smoke chamber and then through the hose to the smoker. Its origins are mysterious and controversial. Nevertheless it remains, under different names, an object used regularly by more than one hundred million people in the world. Since the eighties and especially nineties, its consumption has grown significantly and is now considered to be a worldwide epidemic. However, the knowledge about the effects of narghile smoke on health is partial and sometimes contradictory. Indeed, we are witnessing increasing confusion in biomedical studies and scientific debate about its health impact is unresolved. Given this situation, revealing a serious and profound lack of information about the real nature and toxicity of hookah smoke, the authors conducted this two-part study. The first part presents epidemiological data, describes the narghile and the different types of narghile tobacco and exposes the composition of narghile smoke. The second part highlights the lack of reliable data about the detrimental effects of the narghile pipe on health and especially on the cardiopulmonary function. Descriptors Cross-Cultural Comparison, Smoking/adverse effects, Tobacco Use Disorder/epidemiology, Adolescent, Adult, Cross-Sectional Studies, Equipment Design, Female, Humans, Incidence, Male, Risk Factors, Smoking/epidemiology, Tobacco Smoke Pollution/adverse effects, Young Adult Links http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pneumo.2009.08.010 Book Title Database MEDLINE; http://www.globalhealthlibrary.net/ Publisher Data Source Authors Ben Saad,H. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors

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