WTS database

Title	Pub Year Sort descending	Author	SearchLink
Imported chicken meat as a potential source of quinolone-resistant Escherichia coli producing extended-spectrum beta-lactamases in the UK	2008	Microbiology Laboratory, Shrewsbury and Telford Hospital NHS Trust, Shrewsbury SY3 8XQ, UK. roderic.warren@homecall.co.uk	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy Periodical, Abbrev. J.Antimicrob.Chemother. Pub Date Free Form Mar Volume 61 Issue 3 Start Page 504 Other Pages 508 Notes JID: 7513617; EC 3.5.2.6 (beta-Lactamases); 2008/01/25 [aheadofprint]; ppublish Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1460-2091; 0305-7453 Accession Number PMID: 18222958 Language eng SubFile Comparative Study; Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.1093/jac/dkm517 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 18222958 Abstract OBJECTIVES: Escherichia coli producing CTX-M-15 enzyme began to rapidly spread in the UK from around 2003 but other types also occur, notably CTX-M-14. We examined breasts from UK-reared (n = 62) and imported (n = 27) chickens as potential sources of quinolone-resistant E. coli with bla(CTX-M) genes. A further 40 samples for which the country of rearing could not be identified were examined. METHODS: During 2006, 129 fresh and frozen chicken breast fillets were purchased from retail outlets in the West Midlands. These were cultured for E. coli on CLED agar containing 8 mg/L ciprofloxacin and carrying a 10 microg cefpodoxime disc. Resistant isolates were identified and typed by RAPD fingerprinting; bla(CTX-M) was identified by PCR and genotyped by reverse-line hybridization. RESULTS: The country of rearing was identified from the packaging for 89 of 129 purchased samples. Only one of the 62 UK-reared chicken samples carried E. coli producing a CTX-M-1 enzyme, whereas 10 of 27 samples reared overseas had E. coli with CTX-M enzymes. Specifically, 4/10 Brazilian, 3/4 Brazilian/Polish/French, and 2/2 Dutch samples had E. coli with CTX-M-2 enzymes. Six of 40 samples for which the country of rearing was not known had producers of CTX-M enzymes, 5 of them with CTX-M-14. CONCLUSIONS: Quinolone-resistant E. coli with various CTX-M beta-lactamase genes that are common in human infections worldwide were found in imported chicken breasts, indicating a possible source for gut colonization. Samples from Brazil were commonly positive for E. coli with CTX-M-2, the dominant bla(CTX-M) genotype from human infections in South America, which is currently rare in clinical infections in the UK. CTX-M-15, the dominant CTX-M type in human infections in the UK, was not found in chicken isolates, suggesting that the UK-reared chickens are not a reservoir of CTX-M-15. Descriptors Animals, Brazil, Chickens, Drug Resistance, Bacterial/physiology, Escherichia coli/enzymology/isolation & purification, Escherichia coli Infections/microbiology/prevention & control, Europe, Food Contamination/analysis/prevention & control, Food Microbiology, Great Britain, Meat/microbiology, beta-Lactamases/biosynthesis/isolation & purification Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Warren,R. E., Ensor,V. M., O'Neill,P., Butler,V., Taylor,J., Nye,K., Harvey,M., Livermore,D. M., Woodford,N., Hawkey,P. M. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20080125 PMCID Editors
Sport practice among private secondary-school students in Dubai in 2004	2008	Primary Health Care, Department of Health and Medical Service, Dubai, United Arab Emirates. dabraham@dohms.gov.ae	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Eastern Mediterranean health journal = La revue de sante de la Mediterranee orientale = al-Majallah al-sihhiyah li-sharq al-mutawassit Periodical, Abbrev. East.Mediterr.Health J. Pub Date Free Form May-Jun Volume 14 Issue 3 Start Page 704 Other Pages 714 Notes LR: 20151119; JID: 9608387; ppublish Place of Publication Egypt ISSN/ISBN 1020-3397; 1020-3397 Accession Number PMID: 18720635 Language eng SubFile Comparative Study; Journal Article; IM DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 18720635 Abstract A study was made of sport practice and of knowledge, attitude and practice towards sport among 1475 private secondary-school students in Dubai, United Arab Emirates (UAE) in 2004. UAE students practised sport more than non-UAE students (33.9% versus 18.7% had good levels of activity) but there was no significant difference in positive attitudes towards sport practice (87.1% and 86.2% respectively). A good level of sport (vigorous exercise > or = 3 times per week for 20 min) was higher among males (26.0%) than females (14.7%). There was a significant association between overweight and obesity as well as tobacco smoking and low levels of sport practice. Health education intervention is needed to improve sport practice among young people. Descriptors Adolescent, Adolescent Behavior/ethnology, Attitude to Health/ethnology, Chi-Square Distribution, Educational Status, Female, Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice, Health Services Needs and Demand, Health Surveys, Humans, Male, Nutritional Status, Obesity/ethnology/prevention & control, Parents/education, Private Sector/statistics & numerical data, Psychology, Adolescent, Residence Characteristics, Risk Factors, Sex Distribution, Sex Factors, Smoking/ethnology, Sports/education/psychology/statistics & numerical data, Students/psychology/statistics & numerical data, Surveys and Questionnaires, United Arab Emirates/epidemiology Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Wasfi,A. S., El-Sherbiny,A. A., Gurashi,E., Al Sayegh,F. U. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Comparison of cigarette and water-pipe smoking by Arab and non-Arab-American youth	2008	College of Nursing, Center for Health Research, Department of Family Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, USA. ac3844@wayne.edu	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full American Journal of Preventive Medicine Periodical, Abbrev. Am.J.Prev.Med. Pub Date Free Form Oct Volume 35 Issue 4 Start Page 334 Other Pages 339 Notes LR: 20151119; GR: HD37498-R01/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/United States; GR: R01 HD037498-01A1/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/United States; JID: 8704773; NIHMS69686; OID: NLM: NIHMS69686; OID: NLM: PMC2575814; 2007/01/16 [received]; 2008/04/09 [revised]; 2008/06/16 [accepted]; 2 Place of Publication Netherlands ISSN/ISBN 0749-3797; 0749-3797 Accession Number PMID: 18675529 Language eng SubFile Comparative Study; Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; IM DOI 10.1016/j.amepre.2008.06.037 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 18675529 Abstract BACKGROUND: Water-pipe smoking is a rapidly growing form of tobacco use worldwide. Building on an earlier report of experimentation with cigarette and water-pipe smoking in a U.S. community sample of Arab-American youth aged 14-18 years, this article examines water-pipe smoking in more detail (e.g., smoking history, belief in harmfulness compared to cigarettes, family members in home who smoke water pipes) and compares the water-pipe-smoking behaviors of Arab-American youth with non-Arab-American youth in the same community. METHODS: A convenience sample of 1872 Arab-American and non-Arab-American high school students from the Midwest completed a 24-item tobacco survey. Data were collected in 2004-2005 and analyzed in 2007-2008. RESULTS: Arab-American youth reported lower percentages of ever cigarette smoking (20% vs 39%); current cigarette smoking (7% vs 22%); and regular cigarette smoking (3% vs 15%) than non-Arab-American youth. In contrast, Arab-American youth reported significantly higher percentages of ever water-pipe smoking (38% vs 21%) and current water-pipe smoking (17% vs 11%) than non-Arab-American youth. Seventy-seven percent perceived water-pipe smoking to be as harmful as or more harmful than cigarette smoking. Logistic regression showed that youth were 11.0 times more likely to be currently smoking cigarettes if they currently smoked water pipes. Youth were also 11.0 times more likely to be current water-pipe smokers if they currently smoked cigarettes. If one or more family members smoked water pipes in the home, youth were 6.3 times more likely to be current water-pipe smokers. The effects of ethnicity were reduced as a result of the explanatory value of family smoking. CONCLUSIONS: Further research is needed to determine the percentages, patterns, and health risks of water-pipe smoking and its relationship to cigarette smoking among all youth. Additionally, youth tobacco prevention/cessation programs need to focus attention on water-pipe smoking in order to further dispel the myth that water-pipe smoking is a safe alternative to cigarette smoking. Descriptors Adolescent, Arabs, Chi-Square Distribution, Cross-Sectional Studies, Female, Humans, Logistic Models, Male, Middle East/ethnology, Midwestern United States/epidemiology, Smoking/epidemiology/ethnology, Surveys and Questionnaires Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Weglicki,L. S., Templin,T. N., Rice,V. H., Jamil,H., Hammad,A. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20080803 PMCID PMC2575814 Editors
Study on method for benzene and its homologues in indoor air monitored by portable gas chromatography	2008	Institute for Environmental Health and Related Products Safety, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100021, China.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Wei sheng yan jiu = Journal of hygiene research Periodical, Abbrev. Wei Sheng Yan Jiu Pub Date Free Form Mar Volume 37 Issue 2 Start Page 164 Other Pages 167 Notes LR: 20131121; JID: 9426367; 0 (Benzene Derivatives); 3FPU23BG52 (Toluene); J64922108F (Benzene); L5I45M5G0O (ethylbenzene); ppublish Place of Publication China ISSN/ISBN 1000-8020; 1000-8020 Accession Number PMID: 18589598 Language chi SubFile English Abstract; Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 18589598 Abstract OBJECTIVE: To set up a method for the low concentration of benzene and its homologues (toluene, ethylbenzene and xylene, BTEX) in indoor air monitored simultaneously by portable gas chromatography (GC). METHODS: The target gas of individual benzene and its homologues was prepared in Tedlar bag by liquid standard solution. The air samples were collected with the on- board sampling pump and preconcentrated on a sorbent tube, then thermally desorbed into capillary column and detected by MAID detector to determine the retention time. Retention time was used to confirm the target compound. The mix calibration gas of benzene and its homologues was prepared by liquid external standard method. Peak area was used to determine the amount of mixture. RESULTS: The benzene and its homologues were separated very well in the selected analysis parameter. The analytical period was less than 15 min. The concentration ranges that could be determined were 0.018-0.879 mg/m3 of benzene, and 0.035-1.299 mg/m3 of toluene, and 0.035-1.300 mg/m3 of ethylbenzene, and 0.035-1.320 mg/m3 of m, p-xylene, and 0.035-1.296 mg/m3 of o-xylene, respectively. The minimum detectable concentration of benzene, toluene, m, p-xylene and o-xylene were 7.5, 11.5, 28.8, 30.3 and 30.6 microg/m3 respectively. The relative deviations between this method and standard method were less than 13.9% and 20.0% in laboratory and in filed study, respectively. In the precision experiment, the relative standard deviations of BTEX were less than 8.4% in different concentrations within one day and one week. CONCLUSION: This method which has high sensitivity and precision, and strong anti-interference ability could be used to detect the low concentration of benzene and its homologues in indoor air. Descriptors Air Pollution, Indoor/analysis, Benzene/analysis, Benzene Derivatives/analysis, Chromatography, Gas/methods, Environmental Monitoring/methods, Humans, Sensitivity and Specificity, Toluene/analysis Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Xu,C., Xu,D., Dong,X. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Concentrations of bisphenol a, bisphenol a diglycidyl ether, and their derivatives in canned foods in Japanese markets	2008	Nihon Waters KK, Katokichi Shin-Osaka Building, Osaka, Japan.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry Periodical, Abbrev. J.Agric.Food Chem. Pub Date Free Form 26-Mar Volume 56 Issue 6 Start Page 2041 Other Pages 2047 Notes LR: 20131121; JID: 0374755; 0 (Benzhydryl Compounds); 0 (Epoxy Compounds); 0 (Phenols); F3XRM1NX4H (2,2-bis(4-glycidyloxyphenyl)propane); MLT3645I99 (bisphenol A); 2008/02/20 [aheadofprint]; ppublish Place of Publication United States ISSN/ISBN 0021-8561; 0021-8561 Accession Number PMID: 18284199 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; IM DOI 10.1021/jf073106n [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 18284199 Abstract Bisphenol A (BPA), bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE), and their derivatives in 38 canned foods sold in Japan were measured using high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) and LC-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). BPA, BADGE, BADGE.2H 2O, BADGE.HCl.H2O, BADGE.HCl, and BADGE.2HCl were 0-235.4, 0-3.4, 0-247.2, 0.2-196.4, 0-3.0, and 0-25.7 ng/g, respectively, which did not exceed acceptable daily intake for BPA and specific migration limit for BADGEs. BADGE was degraded by 58, 100, 46, and 58% in water (pH 7), 0.01 N HCl (pH 2), 0.01 N NaCl (pH 6.8), and 0.01 N NaCl with acetic acid (pH 2.5), respectively, when it was allowed to stand at 120 degrees C for 30 min. The prominent derivatives formed were BADGE.2H 2O and BADGE.HCl.H2O, which was formed not only in BADGE with added HCl but also in that with NaCl. Acetic acid accelerated the formation of both BADGE.2H2O and BADGE.HCl.H2O in NaCl. No BPA was detected in any simulation samples started from BADGE. The results suggest that BPA and BADGE are independently leached into canned foods and that BADGE is easily changed to more stable compounds such as BADGE.2H2O and BADGE.HCl.H2O by sterilization. Descriptors Benzhydryl Compounds, Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid, Epoxy Compounds/analysis, Food Handling/methods, Food Packaging, Food Preservation, Hot Temperature, Japan, Mass Spectrometry, Phenols/analysis, Sterilization Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Yonekubo,J., Hayakawa,K., Sajiki,J. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20080220 PMCID Editors
3-Ethyl 5-methyl 2-hydr-oxy-6-methyl-4-(4-nitro-phen-yl)-2-trifluoro-methyl-1,2,3,4-tetra-hydro-py ridine-3,5-dicarboxyl-ate	2008		Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Acta crystallographica.Section E, Structure reports online Periodical, Abbrev. Acta Crystallogr.Sect.E.Struct.Rep.Online Pub Date Free Form 9-Aug Volume 64 Issue Pt 9 Start Page o1737 Other Pages Notes LR: 20111209; JID: 101089178; OID: NLM: PMC2960706; 2008/07/22 [received]; 2008/08/02 [accepted]; 2008/08/09 [epublish]; epublish Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1600-5368; 1600-5368 Accession Number PMID: 21201720 Language eng SubFile Journal Article DOI 10.1107/S1600536808024835 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 21201720 Abstract In the title compound, C(18)H(19)F(3)N(2)O(7), the tetrahydropyridine ring adopts a half-chair conformation. The nitro group is disordered over two sites with occupancies of 0.780 (15) and 0.220 (15). An intra-molecular N-Hcdots, three dots, centeredF hydrogen bond is observed in the mol-ecular structure. The mol-ecules are linked into a two-dimensional network parallel to (100) by O-Hcdots, three dots, centeredO, N-Hcdots, three dots, centeredO and C-Hcdots, three dots, centeredO hydrogen bonds. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Yu,C. X., Qian,P. L., Ping,J. J., Yao,C. S. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20080809 PMCID PMC2960706 Editors
Revealing source signatures in ambient BTEX concentrations	2008	Environmental, Water and Agricultural Engineering Department, Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Israel Institute of Technology, Technion, Haifa 32000, Israel.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987) Periodical, Abbrev. Environ.Pollut. Pub Date Free Form Nov Volume 156 Issue 2 Start Page 553 Other Pages 562 Notes LR: 20131121; JID: 8804476; 0 (Air Pollutants); 0 (Benzene Derivatives); 0 (Industrial Waste); 0 (Oxidants, Photochemical); 0 (Vehicle Emissions); 0 (Xylenes); 3FPU23BG52 (Toluene); J64922108F (Benzene); L5I45M5G0O (ethylbenzene); S7G510RUBH (Nitrogen Dio Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1873-6424; 0269-7491 Accession Number PMID: 18289752 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.1016/j.envpol.2008.01.016 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 18289752 Abstract Management of ambient concentrations of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) is essential for maintaining low ozone levels in urban areas where its formation is under a VOC-limited regime. The significant decrease in traffic-induced VOC emissions in many developed countries resulted in relatively comparable shares of traffic and non-traffic VOC emissions in urban airsheds. A key step for urban air quality management is allocating ambient VOC concentrations to their pertinent sources. This study presents an approach that can aid in identifying sources that contribute to observed BTEX concentrations in areas characterized by low BTEX concentrations, where traditional source apportionment techniques are not useful. Analysis of seasonal and diurnal variations of ambient BTEX concentrations from two monitoring stations located in distinct areas reveal the possibility to identify source categories. Specifically, the varying oxidation rates of airborne BTEX compounds are used to allocate contributions of traffic emissions and evaporative sources to observed BTEX concentrations. Descriptors Air Pollutants/analysis, Benzene/analysis, Benzene Derivatives/analysis, Environmental Monitoring/methods, Industrial Waste, Israel, Nitrogen Dioxide/analysis, Oxidants, Photochemical/analysis, Particle Size, Seasons, Time, Toluene/analysis, Vehicle Emissions, Xylenes/analysis Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Zalel,A., Yuval, Broday,D. M. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20080304 PMCID Editors
Passive versus active parental permission: implications for the ability of school-based depression screening to reach youth at risk	2008	Psychology, PGSP-Stanford Consortium, 247 San Carlos Ave, Redwood City, CA 94061, USA. mpcpsyd@stanford.edu	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full The Journal of school health Periodical, Abbrev. J.Sch.Health Pub Date Free Form Mar Volume 78 Issue 3 Start Page 157 Other Pages 64; quiz 184-6 Notes LR: 20151119; GR: R01 MH079402/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/United States; GR: R01 MH079402-01A2/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/United States; GR: R24 HD042828/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/United States; GR: R24 HD042828-10/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/United States; JID: 0376370; NIHMS99261; OID: NLM: NIH Place of Publication United States ISSN/ISBN 0022-4391; 0022-4391 Accession Number PMID: 18307611 Language eng SubFile Comparative Study; Journal Article; IM; N DOI 10.1111/j.1746-1561.2007.00278.x [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 18307611 Abstract BACKGROUND: Depression is prevalent among children and adolescents and often goes untreated with adverse effects on academic success and healthy development. Depression screening can facilitate early identification and timely referral to prevention and treatment programs. Conducting school-based emotional health screening, however, raises the controversial issue of how to obtain informed parental permission. METHODS: During implementation of a depression screening program in an urban school district in the Pacific Northwest, the district's parental permission protocol changed from passive (information provided to parents via a school mailer with parents having the option to actively decline their child's participation) to active (information provided to parents via a school mailer requiring the written permission of the parents for their child's participation). This change provided an opportunity to examine differences in participation under these 2 conditions. RESULTS: A total of 1533 students were enrolled in this program across both years. Compared to conditions of passive permission, participation was dramatically reduced when children were required to have written parental permission, dropping from 85% to 66% of eligible children. Furthermore, under conditions of active parental permission, participation decreased differentially among student subgroups with increased risk for depression. CONCLUSIONS: Successful implementation of school-based emotional health screening programs requires careful consideration of how to inform and obtain permission from parents. Descriptors Adult, Child, Child Behavior/psychology, Correspondence as Topic, Depression/diagnosis, Education, Continuing, Ethnic Groups, Female, Humans, Male, Mass Screening, Middle Aged, Parental Consent/psychology, Parental Notification, Parents/psychology, Patient Compliance/statistics & numerical data, School Health Services, Schools, Students/psychology, Surveys and Questionnaires, Urban Population, Washington Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Chartier,M., Stoep,A. V., McCauley,E., Herting,J. R., Tracy,M., Lymp,J. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID PMC2713664 Editors
Prevalence of tobacco use among junior high and senior high school students in Taiwan	2008	Taipei Medical University, No. 250, Wu-Hsing St, Taipei 110, Taiwan. plchen@tmu.edu.tw	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full The Journal of school health Periodical, Abbrev. J.Sch.Health Pub Date Free Form Dec Volume 78 Issue 12 Start Page 649 Other Pages 654 Notes JID: 0376370; ppublish Place of Publication United States ISSN/ISBN 1746-1561; 0022-4391 Accession Number PMID: 19000241 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; IM; N DOI 10.1111/j.1746-1561.2008.00361.x [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 19000241 Abstract BACKGROUND: Tobacco use is a major preventable cause of death in the world. This article describes and compares tobacco use prevalence for students attending junior high schools and senior high schools in Taiwan. METHODS: This report uses data from the Global Youth Tobacco Survey (GYTS) completed among 4689 junior high school students and 4426 senior high school students in Taiwan in 2004-2005. The GYTS uses a 2-stage sampling design to produce nationally representative data for junior and senior high students in general and vocational schools. RESULTS: Higher smoking prevalence was observed among senior high (10.1% general schools and 15.9% vocational schools) than junior high (5.5%) school students. Smoking prevalence of girls in junior high (3.2%) and senior high schools (4.6% general and 11.1% vocational) was almost as high or higher than adult females' (4.3%) smoking rates. The pattern of smoking intensity across school years and type of school shows that the percentage of smokers who were experimenters (47.1%) was higher in junior high school and the percentage of smokers who were regular/established smokers (over 50%) was higher in senior high school. CONCLUSIONS: Smoking prevalence described in this report shows that there are challenges facing the tobacco prevention and control program in Taiwan. The findings suggest that schools should increase their smoking initiation prevention efforts and make available cessation programs and counseling to help students quit smoking. If effective youth tobacco control programs are not developed and implemented in Taiwan, future morbidity and mortality attributed to tobacco will surely increase, especially among women. Descriptors Adolescent, Adolescent Behavior, Child, Female, Humans, Male, Prevalence, Sex Factors, Smoking/epidemiology, Students, Taiwan/epidemiology Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Chen,P. L., Huang,W., Chuang,Y. L., Warren,C. W., Jones,N. R., Asma,S. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Prevalence and social environment of cigarette smoking in Cyprus youth	2008	Cyprus International Institute for the Environment and Public Health in association with Harvard School of Public Health, Nicosia, Cyprus. cchristophi@cyprusinstitute.org	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full BMC public health Periodical, Abbrev. BMC Public Health Pub Date Free Form 2-Jun Volume 8 Issue Start Page 190 Other Pages 2458-8-190 Notes LR: 20151119; JID: 100968562; OID: NLM: PMC2435118; 2007/09/21 [received]; 2008/06/02 [accepted]; 2008/06/02 [aheadofprint]; epublish Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1471-2458; 1471-2458 Accession Number PMID: 18518947 Language eng SubFile Comparative Study; Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.1186/1471-2458-8-190 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 18518947 Abstract BACKGROUND: Tobacco use is the single most preventable cause of morbidity and mortality in humans. Limited data exist regarding the extent of the problem among Cyprus youth. We use the Global Youth Tobacco Survey to assess the prevalence of cigarette smoking among middle and high school students as well as the social environment in which this is taking place. METHODS: The survey was conducted by the Cyprus International Institute for the Environment and Public Health in association with Harvard School of Public Health. A two-stage cluster sample design was used to select a representative sample of students from middle and high schools registered with the Republic of Cyprus in 2005-2006. The study questionnaire consisted of 99 questions and participation in the survey was voluntary. Statistical analyses were performed taking into consideration the specific design of the study and the sample weights associated with each completed questionnaire. RESULTS: The prevalence of current smoking, defined as having smoked cigarettes on one or more days of the past 30 days, is 13% among boys and 7% among girls in middle schools, and 36% among boys and 23% among girls in high schools. Furthermore, 16% of middle school students and more than 24% of high school students that had never smoked indicated that they are likely to initiate smoking within the next year. Exposure to environmental tobacco smoke is also very high with 91% of students reporting being exposed to smoke in places outside home. In addition, more than 95% of current smokers reported that they had bought cigarettes in a store during the past month and were not refused cigarettes because of their age. CONCLUSION: Smoking prevalence among Cyprus middle and high school students is high and there are indications of an increase in the prevalence of smoking among girls over the last few years. Susceptibility rates, exposure to second-hand smoke, and access to and availability of cigarettes to youth are also high and concerning. The present survey indicates that the problem of cigarette smoking among youth in Cyprus is significant and requires collective action immediately. Descriptors Adolescent, Adolescent Behavior, Adult, Advertising as Topic, Cluster Analysis, Cyprus/epidemiology, Female, Health Education/statistics & numerical data, Humans, Male, Marketing/statistics & numerical data, Mass Media, Prevalence, School Health Services, Sex Factors, Smoking/epidemiology, Smoking Cessation/statistics & numerical data, Social Environment, Surveys and Questionnaires Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Christophi,C. A., Kolokotroni,O., Alpert,H. R., Warren,C. W., Jones,N. R., Demokritou,P., Connolly,G. N. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20080602 PMCID PMC2435118 Editors

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