WTS database

Title	Pub Year	Author	SearchLink Sort descending
An outbreak of Ebola in Uganda	2002	Uganda Ministry of Health, Kampala, Uganda.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Tropical medicine & international health : TM & IH Periodical, Abbrev. Trop.Med.Int.Health Pub Date Free Form Dec Volume 7 Issue 12 Start Page 1068 Other Pages 1075 Notes LR: 20061115; JID: 9610576; ppublish Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1360-2276; 1360-2276 Accession Number PMID: 12460399 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.; IM DOI 944 [pii] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 12460399 Abstract An outbreak of Ebola disease was reported from Gulu district, Uganda, on 8 October 2000. The outbreak was characterized by fever and haemorrhagic manifestations, and affected health workers and the general population of Rwot-Obillo, a village 14 km north of Gulu town. Later, the outbreak spread to other parts of the country including Mbarara and Masindi districts. Response measures included surveillance, community mobilization, case and logistics management. Three coordination committees were formed: National Task Force (NTF), a District Task Force (DTF) and an Interministerial Task Force (IMTF). The NTF and DTF were responsible for coordination and follow-up of implementation of activities at the national and district levels, respectively, while the IMTF provided political direction and handled sensitive issues related to stigma, trade, tourism and international relations. The international response was coordinated by the World Health Organization (WHO) under the umbrella organization of the Global Outbreak and Alert Response Network. A WHO/CDC case definition for Ebola was adapted and used to capture four categories of cases, namely, the 'alert', 'suspected', 'probable' and 'confirmed cases'. Guidelines for identification and management of cases were developed and disseminated to all persons responsible for surveillance, case management, contact tracing and Information Education Communication (IEC). For the duration of the epidemic that lasted up to 16 January 2001, a total of 425 cases with 224 deaths were reported countrywide. The case fatality rate was 53%. The attack rate (AR) was highest in women. The average AR for Gulu district was 12.6 cases/10 000 inhabitants when the contacts of all cases were considered and was 4.5 cases/10 000 if limited only to contacts of laboratory confirmed cases. The secondary AR was 2.5% when nearly 5000 contacts were followed up for 21 days. Uganda was finally declared Ebola free on 27 February 2001, 42 days after the last case was reported. The Government's role in coordination of both local and international support was vital. The NTF and the corresponding district committees harmonized implementation of a mutually agreed programme. Community mobilization using community-based resource persons and political organs, such as Members of Parliament was effective in getting information to the public. This was critical in controlling the epidemic. Past experience in epidemic management has shown that in the absence of regular provision of information to the public, there are bound to be deleterious rumours. Consequently rumour was managed by frank and open discussion of the epidemic, providing daily updates, fact sheets and press releases. Information was regularly disseminated to communities through mass media and press conferences. Thus all levels of the community spontaneously demonstrated solidarity and response to public health interventions. Even in areas of relative insecurity, rebel abductions diminished considerably. Descriptors Adolescent, Adult, Child, Child, Preschool, Community Health Services, Disease Outbreaks, Female, Hemorrhagic Fever, Ebola/epidemiology/prevention & control, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Patient Isolation, Public Health Practice, Sex Distribution, Uganda/epidemiology Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Okware,S. I., Omaswa,F. G., Zaramba,S., Opio,A., Lutwama,J. J., Kamugisha,J., Rwaguma,E. B., Kagwa,P., Lamunu,M. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Clinical impact of patent foramen ovale diagnosis with transcranial Doppler	2002	Service of Neurology, Ospedale S. Orsola FBF, Via Vittorio Emanuele II, 27, 25122, Brescia, Italy. gpanzola@numerica.it	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full European journal of ultrasound : official journal of the European Federation of Societies for Ultrasound in Medicine and Biology Periodical, Abbrev. Eur.J.Ultrasound Pub Date Free Form Nov Volume 16 Issue 2-Jan Start Page 11 Other Pages 20 Notes LR: 20071115; JID: 9440414; RF: 63; ppublish Place of Publication Ireland ISSN/ISBN 0929-8266; 0929-8266 Accession Number PMID: 12470846 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Review; IM DOI S0929826602000435 [pii] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 12470846 Abstract The role of patent foramen ovale (PFO) in cryptogenic stroke is still debated, but from recent follow-up studies it seems that the amount of right-to-left shunt (RLS) and the association with atrial septal aneurysm (ASA) are major determinants of stroke recurrence. PFO and RLS through the atrial chambers have been recently studied in a number of conditions not or marginally related to cerebrovascular disease. Historically the first studies addressed the presence of RLS in scuba divers as a possible abnormality related to decompression sickness (DS) of unknown aetiology. Despite initial debate there is now robust evidence to claim that patency of foramen ovale increases the risk of developing DS by two and half to four times. Patients with PFO-related DS tend to have early occurrence of symptoms after surfacing and a clinical presentation that indicates brain or upper cervical spinal cord involvement. Recent reports suggest that divers with hemodynamically significant RLS may have an increased risk of developing clinically asymptomatic multiple brain lesions. PFO has been found in patients suffering from migraine with aura with approximately the same frequency as that encountered in cryptogenic stroke patients. This finding has prompted speculations on the possible role of RLS in increasing the stroke risk in migraineurs and in the pathophysiology of the aura. Recent reports showing that migraine with aura is dramatically improved after transcatheter closure of PFO suggest that migraine with aura may indeed be triggered by humoral factors that reach the brain by escaping the pulmonary filter. A RLS is involved in a rare condition known as platypnea-orthodeoxia and perhaps underlies an increased risk of cerebral complications after major orthopedic surgery. Valsalva-like activities often precede the occurrence of attacks of transient global amnesia (TGA) and abnormalities consistent with hypoperfusion of deep limbic structures have been reported during a typical TGA episode. This had raised the hypothesis that TGA may be triggered by paradoxical embolism of platelets aggregates in the posterior circulation, but the search for an increased frequency of PFO in TGA patients has yielded conflicting results. Conditions that determine an increase in pulmonary pressure may facilitate the opening of the virtual interatrial valve and thus promoting shunting of blood to the left heart chambers which in turn might contribute to further desaturation of arterial blood. It is therefore not surprising that RLS has been found in 70% of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and increased pulmonary pressure and in the same proportion of patients with obstructive sleep apnoea, a condition that ultimately may result in pulmonary hypertension. In conclusion, from the evidence gathered so far the picture is emerging of an important role of PFO in a number of non-stroke conditions, either as causative factor or as associated condition predisposing to complications. The availability of simple diagnostic techniques such as transcranial Doppler (TCD) to assess RLS will undoubtedly contribute a great deal of knowledge on the relevance in medicine of this hitherto neglected condition. Descriptors Anoxia/complications, Decompression Sickness/complications, Dyspnea/complications, Embolism, Air/complications, Heart Septal Defects, Atrial/complications/ultrasonography, Humans, Migraine Disorders/complications, Respiratory Paralysis/complications, Risk Factors, Stroke/etiology/ultrasonography, Syndrome, Ultrasonography, Doppler, Transcranial Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Anzola,G. P. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Phylogenetic diversity of lactic acid bacteria associated with paddy rice silage as determined by 16S ribosomal DNA analysis	2003	National Agricultural Research Organization, National Institute of Livestock and Grassland Science, Nishinasuno-machi, Tochigi-ken 329-2793, Japan.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Applied and Environmental Microbiology Periodical, Abbrev. Appl.Environ.Microbiol. Pub Date Free Form Jan Volume 69 Issue 1 Start Page 444 Other Pages 451 Notes LR: 20151119; GENBANK/AF515219; GENBANK/AF515220; GENBANK/AF515221; GENBANK/AF515222; GENBANK/AF515223; GENBANK/AF515224; GENBANK/AF515225; GENBANK/AF515226; GENBANK/AF515227; GENBANK/AF515228; GENBANK/AF515229; JID: 7605801; 0 (DNA, Ribosomal); 0 (RNA, R Place of Publication United States ISSN/ISBN 0099-2240; 0099-2240 Accession Number PMID: 12514026 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; IM DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 12514026 Abstract A total of 161 low-G+C-content gram-positive bacteria isolated from whole-crop paddy rice silage were classified and subjected to phenotypic and genetic analyses. Based on morphological and biochemical characters, these presumptive lactic acid bacterium (LAB) isolates were divided into 10 groups that included members of the genera Enterococcus, Lactobacillus, Lactococcus, Leuconostoc, Pediococcus, and WEISSELLA: Analysis of the 16S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) was used to confirm the presence of the predominant groups indicated by phenotypic analysis and to determine the phylogenetic affiliation of representative strains. The virtually complete 16S rRNA gene was PCR amplified and sequenced. The sequences from the various LAB isolates showed high degrees of similarity to those of the GenBank reference strains (between 98.7 and 99.8%). Phylogenetic trees based on the 16S rDNA sequence displayed high consistency, with nodes supported by high bootstrap values. With the exception of one species, the genetic data was in agreement with the phenotypic identification. The prevalent LAB, predominantly homofermentative (66%), consisted of Lactobacillus plantarum (24%), Lactococcus lactis (22%), Leuconostoc pseudomesenteroides (20%), Pediococcus acidilactici (11%), Lactobacillus brevis (11%), Enterococcus faecalis (7%), Weissella kimchii (3%), and Pediococcus pentosaceus (2%). The present study, the first to fully document rice-associated LAB, showed a very diverse community of LAB with a relatively high number of species involved in the fermentation process of paddy rice silage. The comprehensive 16S rDNA-based approach to describing LAB community structure was valuable in revealing the large diversity of bacteria inhabiting paddy rice silage and enabling the future design of appropriate inoculants aimed at improving its fermentation quality. Descriptors DNA, Ribosomal/analysis, Fermentation, Genetic Variation, Lactobacillus/classification/genetics/isolation & purification/metabolism, Molecular Sequence Data, Oryza/microbiology, Phenotype, Phylogeny, Polymerase Chain Reaction, RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/genetics, Sequence Analysis, DNA, Silage/microbiology, Streptococcaceae/classification/genetics/isolation & purification/metabolism Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Ennahar,S., Cai,Y., Fujita,Y. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID PMC152408 Editors
Socio-economic status and binge drinking in Israel	2003	Department of Social Medicine, Braun School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem-Hadassah, P.O. Box 12272, Jerusalem, Israel. yneumark@md2.huji.ac.il	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Drug and alcohol dependence Periodical, Abbrev. Drug Alcohol Depend. Pub Date Free Form 24-Jan Volume 69 Issue 1 Start Page 15 Other Pages 21 Notes LR: 20131121; JID: 7513587; 3K9958V90M (Ethanol); ppublish Place of Publication Ireland ISSN/ISBN 0376-8716; 0376-8716 Accession Number PMID: 12536062 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI S037687160200248X [pii] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 12536062 Abstract Modern Israeli society is comprised primarily of two nationality groups-Jews and Arabs, with disparate religious and cultural attitudes toward alcohol drinking. We recently described higher rates of past-month drinking among Jewish adults, although Arabs who drink were more likely to report binge drinking. The goal of the present study is to examine the relationship between binge drinking and socio-economic status (SES) among Arab and Jewish adults in Israel. Data from a 1995 nationally representative household survey on drug and alcohol use were analyzed. Participants included male and female Arabs (n=982) and Jews (n=4,972) aged 18-40 living in Israel. SES was assessed using education, household income, and occupation. The prevalence of binge drinking was highest among Arab men (21.4%) followed by Jewish men (15.2%), Arab women (7.3%), and Jewish women (4.0%). Prevalence rates and odds ratios (ORs) from logistic models controlling for age, gender, marital status and religiosity show that increased household income and occupation are associated with increased binge drinking among Arabs (OR>2.0) and decreased binge drinking among Jews (OR congruent with 0.6). Higher educational achievement was protective against binge drinking in both nationality groups. Varied results for income and occupation, and education indicate the need to examine the association between each SES indicator and alcohol consumption independently, especially in culturally diverse populations. Descriptors Adolescent, Adult, Alcohol Drinking/ethnology, Arabs/statistics & numerical data, Chi-Square Distribution, Confidence Intervals, Ethanol/poisoning, Female, Humans, Israel/ethnology, Jews/statistics & numerical data, Logistic Models, Male, Odds Ratio, Socioeconomic Factors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Neumark,Y. D., Rahav,G., Jaffe,D. H. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Effects of pulsed Nd:YAG laser irradiation on shear bond strength of composite resin bonded to porcelain	2000	Department of Stomatology, 3rd Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-San Medical University.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Hua xi kou qiang yi xue za zhi = Huaxi kouqiang yixue zazhi = West China journal of stomatology Periodical, Abbrev. Hua.Xi Kou Qiang Yi Xue Za Zhi Pub Date Free Form Dec Volume 18 Issue 6 Start Page 377 Other Pages 379 Notes LR: 20100429; JID: 9422648; 0 (Composite Resins); 12001-21-7 (Dental Porcelain); ppublish Place of Publication China ISSN/ISBN 1000-1182; 1000-1182 Accession Number PMID: 12539463 Language chi SubFile English Abstract; Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; D; IM DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 12539463 Abstract OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the shear bond strength of composite resin bonded to pretreated porcelain surfaces by use of a pulsed Nd:YAG laser irradiation and by use of 8% hydrofluoric etching. METHODS: Surfaces of porcelain were roughened with coarse diamonds until the opaque body porcelains were exposed. The samples were divided into four groups. Samples of the first group were etched with 8% hydrofluoric acid for 3 min by following the manufacter's instructions. Samples of the 2nd, 3rd and 4th groups were separately irradiated by a pulsed Nd:YAG laser of three energy parameters of 15 Hz, 40 mJ; 0.6 W; 15 Hz, 60 mJ, 0.9 W and 15 Hz, 80 mJ, 1.2 W different respectively, each specimen was irradiated for 1 min. Then, silane coupling agent was equally placed on the treated surfaces for 3 min, the activator was used on each surface. The adhesive was applied and light-cured. The composite resin material was finally bonded to the treated porcelain surface, forming a 3 mm x 3 mm x 2 mm resin mass. Samples were then tested for shear bond strength between the treated porcelain and composite resin by using a SWD-10 electric universal testing machine with a crosshead speed of 1 mm/min until fracture. At the end of testing, the data was evaluated by using a two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) comparing the shear bond strength. On the other hand, characteristic morphology of laser irradiated surfaces of porcelain was prepared and observed by a scanning electron microscopy. RESULTS: The shear bond strength of laser groups of 0.6 W, 0.9 W, 1.2 W and etching group was respectively 8.61, 14.07, 11.22 and 13.47 MPa. There was no significantly difference among groups of laser 0.9 W, 1.2 W and the etching group. This suggested that irradiated on surfaces of porcelain by Nd:YAG laser at the above laser energy could attain the same effectiveness as hydrofluoric acid etching. But the shear bond strength of laser 0.6 W group was significantly lower than the etching group. It suggested that shear bond strength would obviously decrease when laser energy was 0.6 W or lower than this parameter, and had no use in treatment on porcelain surfaces comparing to acid etching. SEM showed that porcelain surfaces irradiated by Nd:YAG laser exhibited rough, umbilicate, lava crater-like structure. This structure helped to produce mechanical retention between resin composite and porcelain. CONCLUSION: The pulsed Nd:YAG laser could replace etching method to pretreat the fracture porcelain surfaces for bonding with composite resin at appropriate energy parameters. Descriptors Composite Resins, Dental Bonding/methods, Dental Porcelain, Lasers, Materials Testing, Microscopy, Electron, Scanning, Shear Strength Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Li,R., Ren,Y., Han,J. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Right-to-left shunt and risk of decompression illness with cochleovestibular and cerebral symptoms in divers: case control study in 101 consecutive dive accidents	2003	Military Teaching Hospital, Service de Reanimation, Toulon-Naval, France.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Critical Care Medicine Periodical, Abbrev. Crit.Care Med. Pub Date Free Form Jan Volume 31 Issue 1 Start Page 84 Other Pages 88 Notes LR: 20041117; JID: 0355501; CIN: Crit Care Med. 2003 Jul;31(7):2083. PMID: 12847414; CIN: Crit Care Med. 2004 Sep;32(9):1983; author reply 1983. PMID: 15343047; ppublish Place of Publication United States ISSN/ISBN 0090-3493; 0090-3493 Accession Number PMID: 12544998 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; AIM; IM DOI 10.1097/01.CCM.0000038040.42972.81 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 12544998 Abstract OBJECTIVE: We investigated the role of right-to-left shunt with standardized transcranial Doppler ultrasonography in a large population of divers referred for symptoms of decompression illness. DESIGN: Case series compared with a control group. SETTING: Military teaching hospital, hyperbaric unit. PATIENTS: Patients were 101 consecutive divers with clinical evidence of decompression illness and a control group of 101 healthy divers. INTERVENTION: Specification of the type of decompression illness involved and detection/evaluation of right-to-left shunt by standardized transcranial Doppler. The degree of right-to-left shunt was defined as major if the number of high-intensity transient signals in the middle cerebral artery was >20. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: We evaluated the odds ratios by logistic regression analysis with vs. without right-to-left shunt for subjects with cochleovestibular symptoms, cerebral decompression illness, spinal decompression illness, and Caisson sickness. Of the 101 divers presenting with decompression illness, transcranial Doppler detected a right-to-left shunt in 59 (58.4%), whereas control subjects demonstrated a right-to-left shunt in 25 cases (24.8%; odds ratio, 4.3; 95% confidence interval, 2.3-7.8; p=.09). When a right-to-left shunt was detected, the right-to-left shunt was major in 12 of 25 patients in the control group and in 49 of 59 patients in the decompression illness group (odds ratio, 8.7; 95% confidence interval, 4.2-18.0; p<.001). Within the decompression illness group, the proportion of major right-to-left shunt was 24 of 34 (odds ratio, 29.7; 95% confidence interval, 10.0-87.2; p<.0001) in the cochleovestibular subgroup, 13 of 21 (odds ratio, 24.1, 95% confidence interval, 6.8-86.0, p< 0.0001) in the cerebral decompression illness subgroup, ten of 31 (odds ratio, 3.9; 95% confidence interval, 1.5-10.3; p<.01) in the spinal decompression illness subgroup, and two of two (odds ratio, 1.1; 95% confidence interval, 0.2-5.7; p=.9) in the subgroup of divers with Caisson sickness. CONCLUSION: Based on our results, we conclude that major right-to-left shunt was associated with an increased incidence of cochleovestibular and cerebral decompression illness, suggesting paradoxical embolism as a potential mechanism. Descriptors Adult, Case-Control Studies, Cochlear Diseases/epidemiology/etiology, Decompression Sickness/epidemiology/etiology/ultrasonography, Diving/injuries, Embolism, Paradoxical/complications, Female, France/epidemiology, Heart Septal Defects, Atrial/complications/ultrasonography, Humans, Incidence, Logistic Models, Male, Risk, Ultrasonography, Doppler, Transcranial, Vestibular Diseases/epidemiology/etiology Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Cantais,E., Louge,P., Suppini,A., Foster,P. P., Palmier,B. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Self-reported school difficulties and tobacco use among fourth- to seventh-grade students	2002	Dept. of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Miami School of Medicine, PO Box 016069 (R-699), Miami, FL 33101, USA. dlee@med.miami.edu	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full The Journal of school health Periodical, Abbrev. J.Sch.Health Pub Date Free Form Nov Volume 72 Issue 9 Start Page 368 Other Pages 373 Notes LR: 20071115; JID: 0376370; ppublish Place of Publication United States ISSN/ISBN 0022-4391; 0022-4391 Accession Number PMID: 12557632 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM; N DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 12557632 Abstract This study examined the relationship between academic and behavioral difficulties at school, and tobacco use in students. Participants included 1,219 students in fourth to seventh grade at the time of enrollment. Interviews were repeated eight months later with 85% of baseline participants. Telephone interviews assessed use of cigarettes, cigars, and chewing tobacco; students also were asked if they liked school, how often they got in trouble at school, and how well they were doing in school. At baseline, students reporting school difficulties were 1.4-5.6 times more likely to report a lifetime history of cigarette, cigar, and chewing tobacco use relative to students who did not report these difficulties. Average to below-average academic performance at baseline was predictive of new cigarette use at the eight-month follow-up (Relative Risk = 3.35; 95% Confidence Interval = [1.36, 8.22]). Self-reported school difficulties are associated with lifetime use of all major forms of tobacco and are predictive of future cigarette use in fourth- to seventh-grade students. Descriptors Adolescent, Adolescent Behavior, Child, Child Behavior Disorders/epidemiology, Cohort Studies, Female, Florida/epidemiology, Humans, Interviews as Topic, Male, Risk Factors, Smoking/epidemiology, Students Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Lee,D. J., Trapido,E., Rodriguez,R. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Marine fisheries in Tanzania	2002	Institute of Marine Sciences, University of Dar es Salaam, Zanzibar. jiddawi@ims.udsm.ac.tz	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Ambio Periodical, Abbrev. Ambio Pub Date Free Form Dec Volume 31 Issue 8-Jul Start Page 518 Other Pages 527 Notes LR: 20061115; JID: 0364220; ppublish Place of Publication Sweden ISSN/ISBN 0044-7447; 0044-7447 Accession Number PMID: 12572817 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 12572817 Abstract Fishery resources are a vital source of food and make valuable economic contributions to the local communities involved in fishery activities along the 850 km stretch of the Tanzania coastline and numerous islands. Small-scale artisanal fishery accounts for the majority of fish catch produced by more than 43 000 fishermen in the country, mainly operating in shallow waters within the continental shelf, using traditional fishing vessels including small boats, dhows, canoes, outrigger canoes and dinghys. Various fishing techniques are applied using uncomplicated passive fishing gears such as basket traps, fence traps, nets as well as different hook and line techniques. Species composition and size of the fish varies with gear type and location. More than 500 species of fish are utilized for food with reef fishes being the most important category including emperors, snappers, sweetlips, parrotfish, surgeonfish, rabbitfish, groupers and goatfish. Most of the fish products are used for subsistence purposes. However, some are exported. Destructive fishing methods such as drag nets and dynamite fishing pose a serious problem as they destroy important habitats for fish and other organisms, and there is a long-term trend of overharvested fishery resources. However, fishing pressure varies within the country as fishery resources are utilized in a sustainable manner in some areas. For this report more than 340 references about Tanzanian fishery and fish ecology were covered. There are many gaps in terms of information needed for successful fishery management regarding both basic and applied research. Most research results have been presented as grey literature (57%) with limited distribution; only one-fifth were scientific publications in international journals. Descriptors Animals, Anthozoa, Commerce, Conservation of Natural Resources, Data Collection, Environmental Monitoring, Fisheries, Fishes, Humans, Population Dynamics, Ships, Tanzania Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Jiddawi,N. S., Ohman,M. C. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Intestinal metaplasia in the distal esophagus and correlation with symptoms of gastroesophageal reflux disease	2003	Hospital N. Sra. Conceicao, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil. judi@terra.com.br	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Diseases of the esophagus : official journal of the International Society for Diseases of the Esophagus / I.S.D.E Periodical, Abbrev. Dis.Esophagus Pub Date Free Form Volume 16 Issue 1 Start Page 29 Other Pages 32 Notes LR: 20061115; JID: 8809160; ppublish Place of Publication Australia ISSN/ISBN 1120-8694; 1120-8694 Accession Number PMID: 12581251 Language eng SubFile Comparative Study; Journal Article; IM DOI 288 [pii] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 12581251 Abstract Barrett's esophagus is a metaplastic condition that occurs in patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and its importance lies in its potential to develop adenocarcinoma of the esophagus. The diagnosis of Barrett's esophagus is based on finding of intestinal metaplasia of at least 3 cm of the distal esophagus. The diagnosis of intestinal metaplasia of less than 3 cm of the distal esophagus is controversial, regarding implications with GERD, adenocarcinoma, and Helicobacter pylori. The aims of the study were to determine the prevalence of intestinal metaplasia in the distal esophagus in patients with short segments of esophageal columnar-appearing mucosa (less than 3 cm), diagnosed endoscopically, in two groups of patients, with and without symptoms of GERD. In total, 97 patients were examined, with endoscopic finding of esophageal columnar-appearing mucosa less than 3 cm. From the total, 52 patients had symptoms of GERD and 45 patients were without these symptoms. These patients were subjected to distal esophageal biopsies obtained immediately below the epithelial transition. The biopsies were stained with hematoxylin-eosin and alcian blue at pH 2.5. Urease test for H. pylori detection in two fragments of gastric antrum was carried out. The presence of intestinal metaplasia in the distal esophagus was diagnosed in 16 (30.8%) patients in the GERD group and 12 (26.7%) patients without GERD symptoms. No statistical differences were observed (P = 0.82; 95% CI: 0.61-2.17). The variables sex, mean age and positivity for H. pylori did not show statistical differences. This study diagnosed high prevalence of intestinal metaplasia in the distal esophagus with columnar-appearing mucosa, less than 3 cm, with no statistical differences in the two groups studied with and without GERD symptoms. Descriptors Adult, Age Distribution, Aged, Barrett Esophagus/epidemiology/microbiology/pathology, Case-Control Studies, Chi-Square Distribution, Cohort Studies, Esophagoscopy, Female, Gastric Mucosa/pathology, Gastroesophageal Reflux/epidemiology/microbiology/pathology, Gastroscopy, Helicobacter Infections/epidemiology/pathology, Helicobacter pylori/isolation & purification, Humans, Intestinal Mucosa/pathology, Male, Metaplasia/pathology, Middle Aged, Odds Ratio, Prevalence, Probability, Prognosis, Reference Values, Risk Assessment, Sex Distribution Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Dietz,J., Meurer,L., Maffazzoni,D. R., Furtado,A. D., Prolla,J. C. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
The California Tobacco Control Program and potential harm reduction through reduced cigarette consumption in continuing smokers	2002	Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco Periodical, Abbrev. Nicotine Tob.Res. Pub Date Free Form Volume 4 Suppl 2 Issue Start Page S157 Other Pages 66 Notes LR: 20061115; JID: 9815751; 0 (Tobacco Smoke Pollution); ppublish Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1462-2203; 1462-2203 Accession Number PMID: 12583355 Language eng SubFile Evaluation Studies; Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 12583355 Abstract Harm reduction for continuing smokers has been suggested as a public health priority. We evaluated whether tobacco control programs might reduce cigarette consumption among current smokers through strategies aimed primarily at protecting nonsmokers from secondhand smoke (SHS). Data were from adult (18+ years) respondents to multiple (1990, 1992, 1996, 1999), large, cross-sectional, population-based surveys of smoking behavior, conducted to evaluate the California Tobacco Control Program. Adult daily smoking prevalence decreased from 15.9 +/-0.4%(+/-95% confidence interval) of the California adult population in 1990 to 13.0 +/-0.3% in 1999. Concurrently, moderate-to-heavy daily smoking (>or= 15 cigarettes/day) decreased from 10.3 +/-0.4% in 1990 to 7.4 +/-0.3% in 1999, and heavy daily smoking (>or= 25 cigarettes/day) from 3.4 +/- 0.2% in 1990 to 1.9 +/- 0.1% in 1999. Decreased daily smoking was observed in all demographic subgroups except young adults. Among college graduates, the daily smoking prevalence in 1999 was 6.4 +/- 0.4%, a level previously observed only among U.S. physicians. In 1999, nearly 30% of current smokers did not smoke daily, and more than 60% said they now smoked less than previously. In 1999, self-reported cigarette consumption was inversely related to believing SHS is harmful to nonsmokers, having a smoke-free workplace, and living in a smoke-free home. In California, tobacco control strategies that educated the population about SHS and resulted in smoking restrictions may have led continuing smokers to smoke less, which should reduce the harm from smoking to the public health in the long term. Descriptors Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Behavior, Addictive, California/epidemiology, Female, Harm Reduction, Health Behavior, Health Promotion, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Prevalence, Program Evaluation, Public Health, Smoking/epidemiology/prevention & control, Smoking Cessation/methods, Tobacco Smoke Pollution/prevention & control Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Gilpin,E. A., Pierce,J. P. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors

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