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| Title | Pub Year | Author | SearchLink Sort descending |
|---|---|---|---|
| The family planning program in Rwanda: assessment of ten years (1981-1991) and prospects | 1990 | Read more... | |
|
Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Imbonezamuryango = Famille, sante, developpement / Republique rwandaise, Office national de la population (ONAPO)
Periodical, Abbrev.
Imbonezamuryango
Pub Date Free Form
Dec
Volume
-19
Issue
19
Start Page
12
Other Pages
17
Notes
LR: 20071115; JID: 9006527; OID: PIP: 065303; OID: POP: 00202012; OTO: PIP; GN: PIP: TJ: FAMILLE, SANTE, DEVELOPPEMENT / IMBONEZAMURYANGO; ppublish
Place of Publication
RWANDA
ISSN/ISBN
Accession Number
PMID: 12283850
Language
fre
SubFile
English Abstract; Journal Article; J
DOI
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
12283850
Abstract
PIP: Rwanda's official family planning policy dates back to 1981 and creation of the National Office of Population (ONAPO). Among its other function, ONAPO monitors proper use of family planning methods and studies the integration of family planning services into public health. Pilot family planning programs began in the prefectures of Butare, Kigali, and Ruhengeri and were extended to the other 7 around 1985. The development of family planning services in Rwanda is based on their integration into existing services, especially those devoted to maternal-child health. In 1989, 277 of the 350 health centers of all kinds in Rwanda and 12 secondary posts offered family planning services. The rate of integration was 79.4%. 185 of the 277 health services with family planning services were in the public sector. As of December 1989, the rate of integration in different prefectures varied from a high of 95.5% in Kibungo to a low of 64.9% in Gisenyi. Integration is particularly weak in health facilities administered by the Catholic Church. The 2 strategies to confront this situation are continuing dialogue with Catholic Church officials and creation of secondary family planning posts to improve accessibility to family planning for populations served by Church health services. The number of new and continuing family planning users increased from 1178 and 1368 respectively in 1982 to 66,950 and 104,604 through September 1990. There is wide variation from 1 prefecture to another in recruitment of new acceptors and in the number of acceptors per health facility. Recruitment of new acceptors is greatest in Ruhengeri, followed by Kigali and Byumba. As of September 1990, 28,943 women used pills, 2037 used IUDs, 66,515 used injectables, 3051 used barrier methods, 2888 used auto-observation methods, 343 used implants, and 588 were sterilized. The overall rate of contraceptive prevalence increased from .9% in 1983 to 6.2% in 1989 and 10% in 1990. The strategy for promoting family planning has included training of personnel, improvement of supervision, regular supply of contraceptive equipment and supplies to health supervision, regular supply of contraceptive equipment and supplies to health centers, diversification of available methods, and addition of secondary family planning posts to improve accessibility. Obstacles still affecting Rwanda's family planning program include the pronatalist cultural orientation, which is being confronted by a vigorous IEC program. The reluctance of Catholic-affiliated health services to offer modern family planning methods, the shortage of trained family planning workers, contraceptive supply problems, and geographic inaccessibility of family planning services are other serious problems. To confront these problems, ONAPO plans to begin social marketing program, create more secondary health planning posts, promote integration of family planning services into the vaccination program, strengthen efforts to motivate postpartum women, and undertake a community distribution program for condoms and spermicides.
Descriptors
Africa, Africa South of the Sahara, Africa, Eastern, Africa, Northern, Ambulatory Care Facilities, Communication, Delivery of Health Care, Developing Countries, Evaluation Studies as Topic, Family Planning Policy, Family Planning Services, Government Programs, Health, Health Facilities, Health Planning, Organization and Administration, Patient Acceptance of Health Care, Public Policy, Rwanda, Acceptors, Communication Programs, Eastern Africa, Evaluation, Family Planning, Family Planning Centers, Family Planning Programs, French Speaking Africa, Government Sponsored Programs, Integrated Programs, Policy, Population Policy, Programs, Quantitative Evaluation, Social Policy
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
Data Source
Authors
Munyakazi,A.
Original/Translated Title
Programme de planification familiale au Rwanda: bilan de dix ans (1981-1991) et perspectives
URL
Date of Electronic
PMCID
Editors
|
|||
| Women segmentation based on contraceptive use | 1994 | Read more... | |
|
Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
The Egyptian population and family planning review
Periodical, Abbrev.
Egypt.Popul.Fam.Plann.Rev.
Pub Date Free Form
Jun
Volume
28
Issue
1
Start Page
19
Other Pages
54
Notes
LR: 20130308; JID: 8406656; OID: PIP: 111752; OID: POP: 00251674; OTO: PIP; GN: PIP: TJ: EGYPTIAN POPULATION AND FAMILY PLANNING REVIEW; ppublish
Place of Publication
EGYPT
ISSN/ISBN
1110-1156; 1110-1156
Accession Number
PMID: 12290886
Language
eng
SubFile
Journal Article; J
DOI
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
12290886
Abstract
PIP: In the past, the Egyptian Information, Education and Communication Center (IEC) SIS/IEC Center has used research findings to develop messages on the health benefits of family planning to mothers and children, proper use of contraceptive methods, and the need for acquiring correct information. A recent analysis of the 1995 Egypt Demographic and Health Survey data on 9153 currently married women aged 15-49 aimed to generate preliminary audience segments and profiles of different groups of current users, never users, and discontinuers of family planning methods so the Center can develop messages on family planning and birth spacing. 47.1% of all women in the analysis currently used contraception. 19.8% had used contraception, but did not do so currently. 33.1% had never used contraception. The leading factors affecting contraceptive use were husband's approval, husband-wife communications, desire for more children, and religion. Based on what was learned from discontinuers, the Center made two general conclusions. It needs to design special messages targeting discontinuers or never users. These special messages need to concern the groups' knowledge about different family planning methods, side effects, birth spacing methods, and birth limiting methods. Husband involvement in family planning is essential. Thus, the Center needs to develop special messages geared to men. To do so, however, a cluster analysis for husbands would be helpful in message development.
Descriptors
Africa, Africa, Northern, Behavior, Birth Intervals, Communication, Contraception, Contraception Behavior, Demography, Developing Countries, Economics, Egypt, Family Planning Services, Health Planning, Health Services Needs and Demand, Information Services, Interpersonal Relations, Marital Status, Marriage, Middle East, Organization and Administration, Patient Acceptance of Health Care, Population, Population Dynamics, Acceptor Characteristics--women, Acceptors, Arab Countries, Birth Spacing, Communication Programs, Contraception Termination--women, Contraceptive Usage--women, Currently Married--women, Demographic And Health Surveys, Demographic Factors, Demographic Surveys, Economic Factors, Family Planning, Family Planning Programs, Husband-wife Communication, Iec, Mediterranean Countries, Needs, Nonacceptor Characteristics--women, Nonacceptors, Northern Africa, Nuptiality, Partner Communication, Program Activities, Programs, Research Report
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
Data Source
Authors
El-zanaty,F. H.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
PMCID
Editors
|
|||
| Bangladesh: lessons learnt from two service strategies employed in Matlab | 1983 | Read more... | |
|
Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Asian-Pacific population programme news
Periodical, Abbrev.
Asian Pac.Popul.Programme News.
Pub Date Free Form
Volume
12
Issue
4
Start Page
25
Other Pages
27
Notes
LR: 20141009; JID: 8010275; OID: PIP: 020093; OID: POP: 00130444; OTO: PIP; GN: PIP: TJ: ASIAN-PACIFIC POPULATION PROGRAMME NEWS; ppublish
Place of Publication
THAILAND
ISSN/ISBN
0125-6718; 0125-6718
Accession Number
PMID: 12312729
Language
eng
SubFile
Journal Article; J
DOI
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
12312729
Abstract
PIP: In late 1975 the International Center for Diarrheal Disease Research, Bangladesh (ICDDR,B) initiated a contraceptive distribution program (CDP) in its field research area in Matlab thana (county) in rural Bangladesh. The project had a dual purpose: to confirm the existence of an unmet demand for contraception; and to assess to what degree it could be met by simply making oral contraceptives (OCs) and condoms available to every household. A total of 154 lady village workers (LVWs) were trained to work as distributors and depot holders of contraceptives. 1 LVW was responsible for about 200 families in the neighborhood of her residence. The initial results of the CDP were encouraging, but the prevalence of contraceptive practice declined thereafter to what appeared to be a plateau of 12% in the 2nd year of the program. This led to substantial modification in the field structure and program activities of the original CDP in late 1977. The modified program replaced the LVWs by a cadre of better educated and better trained female village workers (FVWs), backed up by a strong supervision and technical staff in 70 villages to provide a full range of contraceptives and selected maternal and child health (MCH) services. A group of 20 FVWs is assigned to a subcenter that is staffed by a full time paramedic to provide routine MCH services, IUD services, and referral support. Work routines require each FVW to visit all currently married women of reproductive age of her area fortnightly and to attend meetings at the subcenter to report on progress. The project has 1 woman physician who does regular rounds in the field and provides professional support to a central sterilization clinic in Matlab. 3 components of the project have been fully implemented thus far: family planning services, tetanus immunization, and diarrheal disease treatment. The project effect was a prompt and continuing increase in contraceptive use prevalence rates. The proportion of married women of reproductive age using contraceptives rose rapidly to 32% in the 1st year and stayed at 33% in the 2nd year. The project has been maintaining this use prevalence rate for the last 4 years with only a slight increase to 34% more recently. 1 important observation of the Matlab project is that acceptors tend to cluster geographically producing a wide intervillage variation in contraceptive use prevalence rates. Given the free household distribution of contraceptives by the project, the question arises as to why rates differ among a population which appears to be so homogeneous.
Descriptors
Asia, Bangladesh, Community Health Workers, Contraception, Contraception Behavior, Delivery of Health Care, Demography, Developing Countries, Family Planning Services, Health, Health Personnel, Health Planning, Health Services, Maternal-Child Health Centers, Organization and Administration, Population Control, Primary Health Care, Contraceptive Distribution, Contraceptive Usage, Demographic Effectiveness, Demographic Impact, Distributional Activities, Family Planning, Family Planning Personnel, Family Planning Programs, Field Workers, Integrated Programs, Maternal-child Health Services, Nonclinical Distribution, Program Activities, Programs, Southern Asia
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
Data Source
Authors
Rahman,M., Ruzicka,L.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
PMCID
Editors
|
|||
| Recent changes in contraceptive use and fertility in Korea | 1984 | Read more... | |
|
Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
In'gu pogon nonjip = Journal of population and health studies
Periodical, Abbrev.
Ingu Pogon Nonjip
Pub Date Free Form
Dec
Volume
4
Issue
2
Start Page
3
Other Pages
27
Notes
LR: 20150901; JID: 8609047; OID: IND: 9011995; OID: PIP: 031744; OID: POP: 00164824; OTO: PIP; GN: PIP: TJ: JOURNAL OF POPULATION AND HEALTH STUDIES; ppublish
Place of Publication
Korea (South)
ISSN/ISBN
Accession Number
PMID: 12313503
Language
kor
SubFile
English Abstract; Journal Article; J
DOI
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
12313503
Abstract
PIP: In order to achieve planned demographic targets set for the period 1982-86, the government announced a new comprehensive population control policy in December 1981. This new set of policies calls for: 1) improving the current operation and management systems of the national family planning program; 2) strengthening the innovative social support policies including the incentive and disincentive schemes which encourage the small family; 3) integrating the family planning programs with other developed programs; and 4) establishing an end to these programs. As a result of government efforts to set up population measures, the number of those undergoing sterilization with 2 or fewer children and the contraceptive acceptance rate have increased greatly since 1982. The contraceptive practice rate for those ages 15-44 went to 58% in 1982. The total fertility rate dipped from 2.7 births/woman in 1981 to 2.4 in 1983. However, regional differentials in fertility rates are clearly observed. The urban fertility rate is lower than the rural and the regional differentials in fertility seem to derive from the strong son preference which is quite prevalent in the rural sector. The increase in contraceptive practice rate has contributed to the improvement of maternal health by preventing induced abortion. Since the inception of the family planning slogan focusing on the 1-child family, the proportion of respondents who said 1 child was enough rose from 16% in 1982 to 65% in 1984. With appropriate incentives, this figure is likely to increase. What remains is to lower the fertility rate for those in the 20-29 age group who currently account for over 80% of the total annual births. The current program management systems must recruit new acceptors among the younger age groups and must persuade them to resort to temporary contraceptive methods for birth spacing. The social support policies must be strengthened by providing preferential treatment for those with only 1 child and eliminating the son preference. The commercial sector programs must also be strengthened by providing preferential treatment to the contraceptive manufacturing companies and by providing educational programs for private physicians and pharmacists. Among the future directions mentioned above, Korea's foremost population control policy should address the eradication of son preference by instituting bold socal support policies including incentive systems for the 1 child family. (author's modified)
Descriptors
Abortion, Induced, Adolescent, Age Factors, Asia, Attitude, Behavior, Birth Rate, Child, Contraception, Contraception Behavior, Delivery of Health Care, Demography, Developing Countries, Economics, Evaluation Studies as Topic, Family Characteristics, Family Planning Services, Family Relations, Far East, Fertility, Government Programs, Health, Health Planning, Health Services, Korea, Maternal Welfare, Nuclear Family, Organization and Administration, Patient Acceptance of Health Care, Politics, Population, Population Characteristics, Population Dynamics, Program Evaluation, Psychology, Public Policy, Research, Research Design, Rural Population, Sex, Sexual Behavior, Social Planning, Social Values, Socioeconomic Factors, Urban Population, Abortion Rate, Acceptors, Contraceptive Usage--changes, Demographic Factors, Demographic Impact, Development Planning, Differential Fertility, Eastern Asia, Economic Development, Economic Factors, Evaluation, Family And Household, Family Planning, Family Planning Program Evaluation, Family Planning Programs, Family Relationships, Family Size, Family Size, Ideal, Fertility Control, Postconception, Fertility Measurements, Fertility Rate--changes, Five-year Plans, Government Sponsored Programs, Korea, Republic Of, Macroeconomic Factors, Maternal Health, Measurement, Policy, Political Factors, Population Policy, Program Effectiveness, Programs, Psychological Factors, Reproductive Behavior--changes, Research Methodology, Sex Preference, Social Policy, Sons, Total Fertility Rate, Value Orientation, Youth
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
Data Source
Authors
Cho,N. H., Kong,S. K., Lim,J. K.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
PMCID
Editors
|
|||
| Family planning through child health: a case study of El Kef project in Tunisia | 1985 | Read more... | |
|
Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
JOICFP review
Periodical, Abbrev.
JOICFP Rev.
Pub Date Free Form
Volume
-9
Issue
9
Start Page
12
Other Pages
17
Notes
LR: 20111117; JID: 101084389; OID: PIP: 032778; OID: POP: 00152449; OTO: PIP; GN: PIP: TJ: JOICFP REVIEW; ppublish
Place of Publication
United States
ISSN/ISBN
0911-0763; 0911-0763
Accession Number
PMID: 12313877
Language
eng
SubFile
Journal Article; J
DOI
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
12313877
Abstract
PIP: In 1970, a Dutch medical team began work in the city of El Kef in Tunisia on a project designed to bring family planning into rural areas. The project aimed to persuade the rural people to use urban health centers, but this approach failed partly because of the remoteness of the communities and their reluctance to discuss personal matters with strangers. Funded by UNFPA, a new project began to recruit and train local girls as home health visitors or aides-familiales, an approach which became the central focus of the El Kef project. The International Planned Parenthood Federation (IPPF) took over the project and expanded it to include nutrition, health care, health education, family planning, disease prevention and domestic crafts. 4 goals were fixed for the project: total vaccination coverage for children; elimination of severe malnutrition; reduction of infant mortality; and use of family planning practice by at least 1/2 the women of childbearing age. An efficient recordkeeping system enabled the project to be carefully evaluated and provides much-needed data, showing where it has achieved its aims and where new efforts should be directed. The project resulted in large numbers of women receiving ante-natal advice, child care and family planning from their local health centers. 860 pregnant women were followed up during the 3-year study period. Some 57% of pregnant women went for advice; only 15% went for postnatal care, but 50% of the women under 50 attended child welfare sessions during the study period for weight checks, nutrition advice, vaccination and treatment for minor ailments. Over the 3 years, the number of contraceptive users more than trebled, from 14% to 54%. The IUD was the most popular method. The most successful aspect of the project was the emphasis on maternal and child health, and the home visits were the most motivating feature. Vaccination became more popular. A further aspect of the project was the training in home improvement skills, like sewing, knitting and gardening. After 4 years in the field the aides familiales were a valuable resource of skill and experience. Family planning was integrated with maternal and child health in the government program through the health infrastructure.
Descriptors
Achievement, Africa, Africa, Northern, Behavior, Communication, Community Health Services, Community Health Workers, Contraception Behavior, Delivery of Health Care, Demography, Developing Countries, Family Planning Services, Health, Health Education, Health Personnel, Health Planning, Health Services, Health Services Research, House Calls, Immunization, International Agencies, International Cooperation, Maternal-Child Health Centers, Medicine, Middle East, Nutritional Physiological Phenomena, Organization and Administration, Pilot Projects, Population, Population Characteristics, Preventive Medicine, Primary Health Care, Program Evaluation, Records as Topic, Research, Rural Population, Teaching, Tunisia, United Nations, Vaccination, Arab Countries, Community Workers, Contraceptive Methods Chosen, Demographic Factors, Family Planning, Family Planning Program Evaluation, Family Planning Programs, French Speaking Africa, Health Services Evaluation, Home Visits, Integrated Programs, Ippf, Maternal-child Health Services, Mediterranean Countries, Northern Africa, Nutrition, Programs, Records, Research Methodology, Studies, Summary Report, Training Activities, Un, Unfpa
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
Data Source
Authors
Bouzidi,M., Jones,M.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
PMCID
Editors
|
|||
| New IPPF statement on breastfeeding, fertility and post-partum contraception | 1990 | Read more... | |
|
Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
IPPF medical bulletin
Periodical, Abbrev.
IPPF Med.Bull.
Pub Date Free Form
Apr
Volume
24
Issue
2
Start Page
2
Other Pages
4
Notes
LR: 20131121; JID: 0166245; 0 (Contraceptive Agents); 0 (Contraceptive Agents, Female); 0 (Contraceptives, Oral); 0 (Contraceptives, Oral, Combined); 0 (Hormones); 0 (Progestins); 4G7DS2Q64Y (Progesterone); OID: CPFH: 26766cr990; OID: PIP: 060908; OID: PO
Place of Publication
ENGLAND
ISSN/ISBN
0019-0357; 0019-0357
Accession Number
PMID: 12316285
Language
eng
SubFile
Journal Article; J
DOI
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
12316285
Abstract
PIP: The International Planned Parenthood Federation International Medical Advisory Panel drew up the following statement in November, 1989. Breastfeeding is good for the infant. Antibodies passed to it from the mother protect it from infection. Patterns of breastfeeding are changing. Therefore, the risk of pregnancy is increased. Postpartum amenorrhea plays a major role in natural fertility regulation. Studies from around the world show a positive correlation between the length of breastfeeding and the length of lactational amenorrhea. Amenorrhea lasts longer in those who breastfeed more often at night and during the day. There is controversy over the effect of nutrition on postpartum infertility. Pregnancy and the puerperium are a good time for counseling on maternal nutrition, child spacing, breastfeeding, and contraceptive methods. Counseling nursing mothers about potential fertility during lactation should be based on local information. All women should be advised to fully breastfeed. Family planning programs should cooperate with maternity services in providing counseling and education for postpartum women who need contraception, for providing referral services, for producing educational resources, and in training health personnel. Postpartum contraception should be included in the training of traditional birth attendants. Women who do not breastfeed can select any contraceptive method. Mothers who nurse must not hurt success of lactation or the infant's health. Nonhormonal contraception should be the 1st choice for lactating women. IUDs do not harm infant growth or lactation. Postpartum insertions are appropriate, though care must be taken. Female sterilization can be conveniently done at this time. Barrier methods are reliable when used regularly. The failure rate should be lower when used after delivery. Progestagen-only contraception consists of progestagen-only pills, injectables, and Norplant. These do not affect quality and quantity of breast milk or length of lactation. They are suitable for those who do not wish nonhormonal methods. There are possible consequences, however, of the transfer of the steroid to breast milk. Hormonal methods should not be used earlier than 6 weeks postpartum. High and low dose oral contraceptives adversely affect the quality and quantity of breast milk. They also reduce duration of lactation. They should be withheld until 6 weeks after delivery, or until the infant is weaned--whichever comes first. The efficacy or periodic abstinence in nursing women requires further analysis.
Descriptors
Ambulatory Care Facilities, Amenorrhea, Biology, Breast Feeding, Contraception, Contraception Behavior, Contraceptive Agents, Contraceptive Agents, Female, Contraceptives, Oral, Contraceptives, Oral, Combined, Counseling, Demography, Endocrine System, Family Planning Services, Fertility, Health, Health Planning, Health Planning Guidelines, Hormones, Infant Nutritional Physiological Phenomena, International Agencies, Intrauterine Devices, Lactation, Milk, Human, Nutritional Physiological Phenomena, Organization and Administration, Organizations, Physiology, Population, Population Dynamics, Postnatal Care, Postpartum Period, Pregnancy, Progesterone, Progestins, Reproduction, Sexual Abstinence, Sterilization, Reproductive, Barrier Methods, Breast Feeding--beneficial effects, Breast Feeding--changes, Clinic Activities, Contraceptive Agents, Progestin, Contraceptive Methods, Contraceptive Methods Chosen, Contraceptive Usage, Demographic Factors, Family Planning, Family Planning Programs, Family Planning, Behavioral Methods, Female Sterilization, Human Milk, Infant Nutrition, Ippf, Iud, Lactation, Prolonged, Maternal Physiology, Nutrition, Oral Contraceptives, Oral Contraceptives, Combined, Postpartum Amenorrhea, Postpartum Programs, Postpartum Women, Progestational Hormones, Program Activities, Programs, Puerperium, Recommendations, Sterilization, Sexual
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
Data Source
Authors
International Planned Parenthood Federation IPPF. International Medical Advisory Panel IMAP
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
PMCID
Editors
|
|||
| Community and individual acceptance: family planning services in the Sudan | 1987 | Read more... | |
|
Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
The Ahfad journal
Periodical, Abbrev.
Ahfad J.
Pub Date Free Form
Jun
Volume
4
Issue
1
Start Page
12
Other Pages
30
Notes
LR: 20091119; JID: 101084491; OID: IND: 8011020; OID: PIP: 057730; OID: POP: 00184012; OTO: PIP; GN: PIP: TJ: AHFAD JOURNAL; ppublish
Place of Publication
SUDAN
ISSN/ISBN
0255-4070; 0255-4070
Accession Number
PMID: 12342258
Language
eng
SubFile
Journal Article; J
DOI
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
12342258
Abstract
PIP: The Sudan Community-Based Health Project, initiated by the University of Khartoum in cooperation with the Ministry of Health in 1980, sought to test the proposition that government-trained village midwives could provide maternal-child health and birth spacing services in addition to their ongoing obstetrical duties. The project area encompassed 92,000 people in 93 villages. The 120 midwives serving the project area received training in 4 interventions -- oral rehydration therapy, maternal and child nutrition, immunization, and birth spacing -- and introduced these services by means of 3 rounds of household visits over a 5-month period. Comparison of pre- and post-intervention survey data indicates that village midwives can indeed be used successfully to promote not only contraceptive use, but also health attitudes and practices that are positively associated with fertility regulation. Between the 2 surveys, the percentage of women who ever used contraception increased from 22% to 28%, while the percentage of current users rose from 10% to 13%. Parity was significantly related to current use; each child born multiplied the likelihood of contraceptive acceptance (by a factor of 0.76 in the post-intervention sample). Maternal education was the socioeconomic variable that most enhanced receptivity to contraceptive acceptance after the project's interventions. In terms of community-level variables, village location along the Nile and proximity to a paved road were significant correlates of contraceptive use. When variables related to the project itself were analyzed, women with vaccinated children were found to be twice as likely to contracept as those with nonvaccinated children and women who believed breast feeding should be continued during diarrhea episodes were 1.5 times more likely to use birth spacing than those who did not. Although midwives did not specifically emphasize contraceptive use, it appears women who were encouraged by midwives to take positive steps in the area of child health were also likely to become more innovative in terms of fertility regulation.
Descriptors
Africa, Africa, Northern, Birth Intervals, Child Nutritional Physiological Phenomena, Contraception, Contraception Behavior, Delivery of Health Care, Demography, Developing Countries, Economics, Education, Educational Status, Evaluation Studies as Topic, Family Planning Services, Fertility, Fluid Therapy, Health, Health Personnel, Health Planning, Health Services, Immunization, Maternal-Child Health Centers, Medicine, Middle East, Midwifery, Nutritional Physiological Phenomena, Organization and Administration, Population, Population Dynamics, Primary Health Care, Program Evaluation, Sexual Behavior, Social Class, Socioeconomic Factors, Sudan, Teaching, Therapeutics, Arab Countries, Birth Spacing, Child Nutrition, Contraceptive Usage--determinants, Demographic Factors, Economic Factors, Educational Status--women, Evaluation, Evaluation Report, Family Planning, Family Planning Program Evaluation, Family Planning Programs, Intermediate Variables, Maternal Nutrition, Maternal-child Health Services, Midwives, Northern Africa, Nutrition, Oral Rehydration, Programs, Reproductive Behavior, Socioeconomic Status, Training Activities, Training Programs, Treatment
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
Data Source
Authors
El Tom,A. R., Farah,A. A., Lauro,D., Fenn,T.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
PMCID
Editors
|
|||
| Postpartum contraception: developing strategies for expanded services | 1990 | Read more... | |
|
Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Network (Research Triangle Park, N.C.)
Periodical, Abbrev.
Netw.Res.Triangle Park.N.C.
Pub Date Free Form
Aug
Volume
11
Issue
3
Start Page
1,8
Other Pages
9,15
Notes
LR: 20120817; JID: 9509506; OID: CPFH: 27369cr990; OID: POP: 00197163; OTO: PIP; GN: PIP: Also published in Spanish under the title, "La anticoncepcion postparto: el desarrollo de estrategias para ampliar los servicios", in Network en Espanol 5(
Place of Publication
UNITED STATES
ISSN/ISBN
0270-3637; 0270-3637
Accession Number
PMID: 12342902
Language
eng
SubFile
Journal Article; J
DOI
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
12342902
Abstract
PIP: Contraception should be integrated into maternity care programs and made accessible to postpartum women to prevent unwanted pregnancies. The advantages of integrating family planning and maternal care services include a cost-effective operation by employing current resources and staff and contraceptive distribution to women who otherwise may have no access to contraceptive methods. 2 key factors for such a program are timing and counseling. Educating women about contraception should begin during prenatal visits; pregnant women could be advised concerning appropriate methods and proper timing to begin contraceptive usage after birth. Furthermore, rural women would benefit by family planning services providing prenatal care and family planning counseling. Understanding cultural factors associated with resuming sexual activity after birth is also important in implementing successful contraceptive services. In some cultures, sexual activity is disfavored for a designated period of time after giving birth; thus, a delay in beginning contraceptive usage may not pose a problem until sexual relations are resumed. Counseling would provide information regarding available contraceptive methods as well as the effectiveness of breastfeeding as a natural means of postpartum contraception.
Descriptors
Ambulatory Care Facilities, Birth Intervals, Counseling, Culture, Delivery of Health Care, Demography, Developing Countries, Economics, Family Planning Services, Health, Health Planning, Health Planning Guidelines, Health Services, Health Services Needs and Demand, Maternal Health Services, Maternal-Child Health Centers, Organization and Administration, Philosophy, Population, Population Characteristics, Postnatal Care, Primary Health Care, Birth Spacing, Clinic Activities, Cultural Background, Demographic Factors, Economic Factors, Family Planning, Family Planning Programs, Integrated Programs, Maternal-child Health Services, Needs, Philosophical Overview, Postpartum Programs, Program Activities, Programs, Recommendations
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
Data Source
Authors
Townsend,S.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
PMCID
Editors
|
|||
| Smokers deprived of cigarettes for 72 h: effect of nicotine patches on craving and withdrawal | 2002 | GlaxoSmithKline SpA, Medicine Research Centre, Via A. Fleming N 4, 37135 Verona, Italy. vt46971@gsk.com | Read more... |
|
Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Psychopharmacology
Periodical, Abbrev.
Psychopharmacology (Berl)
Pub Date Free Form
Nov
Volume
164
Issue
2
Start Page
177
Other Pages
187
Notes
LR: 20151119; JID: 7608025; 6M3C89ZY6R (Nicotine); 7U1EE4V452 (Carbon Monoxide); K5161X06LL (Cotinine); WI4X0X7BPJ (Hydrocortisone); 2002/01/23 [received]; 2002/06/17 [accepted]; 2002/08/27 [aheadofprint]; ppublish
Place of Publication
Germany
ISSN/ISBN
0033-3158; 0033-3158
Accession Number
PMID: 12404080
Language
eng
SubFile
Clinical Trial; Comparative Study; Journal Article; Randomized Controlled Trial; IM
DOI
10.1007/s00213-002-1176-1 [doi]
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
12404080
Abstract
RATIONALE: Research on the effects of nicotine abstinence and nicotine replacement has not provided consistent information about the impact of replacement therapies on tobacco withdrawal and craving. OBJECTIVE: . This study investigated craving and withdrawal symptoms over a 72-h period of abstinence from cigarettes. METHODS: . Twenty-four healthy volunteers, not intending to quit smoking, were housed in an experimental unit during three 72-h conditions, consisting of either free smoking, enforced smoking cessation with nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) patches, or enforced smoking cessation with placebo patches. The conditions were adhered to using a randomized crossover design, each separated by at least 10 days of washout. Patches, administered in a double-blind fashion, were given as nicotine (21 mg/24 h) and placebo every 24 h. Self-reported cigarette craving and withdrawal were assessed using multi-item scales at fixed intervals over each condition period. Urinary and plasma cortisol levels were also assayed at fixed intervals over each period. RESULTS: Craving intensity was significantly lower with free smoke than with placebo and with NRT patches than with placebo. No difference in craving levels was found between those who smoked or those who had NRT patches. Withdrawal symptoms were significantly lower with free smoke than with either placebo or NRT patches, but there was no difference in levels of withdrawal between those on NRT patches and those on placebo. During the placebo and NRT patch periods, craving intensity displayed a circadian rhythm, with craving levels lowest in the morning and peaking in the evening. Nicotine delivered via the patch had no impact on these circadian variations in craving. There was no evidence of systematic temporal variations in craving levels during the free smoking period. CONCLUSIONS: The data suggested that craving and withdrawal symptoms may be sustained by different physiological pathways, and that only selected components of cigarette craving are influenced by NRT.
Descriptors
Administration, Cutaneous, Adult, Blood Pressure/drug effects, Carbon Monoxide/metabolism, Cotinine/chemistry, Cross-Over Studies, Double-Blind Method, Female, Heart Rate/drug effects, Humans, Hydrocortisone/blood/metabolism/urine, Male, Nicotine/administration & dosage/therapeutic use, Random Allocation, Saliva/drug effects/metabolism, Smoking/drug therapy/physiopathology/psychology, Smoking Cessation, Substance Withdrawal Syndrome/drug therapy/physiopathology/psychology, Surveys and Questionnaires
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
Data Source
Authors
Teneggi,V., Tiffany,S. T., Squassante,L., Milleri,S., Ziviani,L., Bye,A.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
20020827
PMCID
Editors
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| Shear bond strength of enamel surface treated with air-abrasive system | 2002 | Department of Clinical Pediatrics, Faculty of Dentistry of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil. borsatto@forp.usp.br | Read more... |
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Source Type
Print(0)
Ref Type
Journal Article
Periodical, Full
Brazilian dental journal
Periodical, Abbrev.
Braz.Dent.J.
Pub Date Free Form
Volume
13
Issue
3
Start Page
175
Other Pages
178
Notes
LR: 20131121; JID: 9214652; 0 (Composite Resins); 0 (Dentin-Bonding Agents); 0 (Phosphoric Acids); 0 (Resin Cements); 0 (Z100 composite resin); 0 (single bond); 454I75YXY0 (Bisphenol A-Glycidyl Methacrylate); 7631-86-9 (Silicon Dioxide); C6V6S92N3C (Zirco
Place of Publication
Brazil
ISSN/ISBN
0103-6440; 0103-6440
Accession Number
PMID: 12428591
Language
eng
SubFile
Evaluation Studies; Journal Article; D
DOI
Output Language
Unknown(0)
PMID
12428591
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the shear bond strength of a composite resin to dental enamel, using three different surface treatments. Fifteen sound third molars were randomly assigned to three groups. The mesial and distal surfaces were flattened and covered using adhesive tape with a central orifice delimiting the adhesion area (7.07 mm2). Group I, the enamel surface was conditioned with 37% phosphoric acid for 15 s; group II, the surface was treated using air abrasion with aluminum oxide; group III, the enamel surface was treated using an association of air abrasion with aluminum oxide and 37% phosphoric acid. The Single Bond (3M) adhesive system was applied and a Teflon matrix was placed and filled with composite resin Z-100 (3M) and light-cured. The shear bond strength test was performed with a universal testing machine. The acid etching technique and air abrasion with aluminum oxide associated with acid etching had the highest shear bond strength values. Data were subjected to statistical analysis using ANOVA and the Turkey test, and no statistically significant difference in shear bond strength was observed between group I (12.49 +/- 2.85 MPa) and group III (12.59 +/- 2.68 MPa). In contrast, both groups had statistically better shear bond strengths compared to group II (0.29 +/- 0.56 MPa; p < 0.05). Air abrasion with aluminum oxide does not substitute acid etching. The association of these methods to obtain adequate adhesion to the substrate is necessary.
Descriptors
Acid Etching, Dental, Air Abrasion, Dental, Aluminum Oxide, Analysis of Variance, Bisphenol A-Glycidyl Methacrylate, Composite Resins, Dental Bonding/methods, Dental Enamel/physiology, Dental Stress Analysis, Dentin-Bonding Agents, Humans, Materials Testing, Molar, Phosphoric Acids, Random Allocation, Resin Cements, Shear Strength, Silicon Dioxide, Statistics, Nonparametric, Surface Properties, Zirconium
Links
Book Title
Database
Publisher
Data Source
Authors
Borsatto,M. C., Catirse,A. B., Palma Dibb,R. G., Nascimento,T. N., Rocha,R. A., Corona,S. A.
Original/Translated Title
URL
Date of Electronic
PMCID
Editors
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