WTS database

Title	Pub Year Sort descending	Author	SearchLink
Exposure to environmental tobacco smoke in German restaurants, pubs and discotheques	2008	Department of Environmental Health, Bavarian Health and Food Safety Authority, Oberschleissheim, Germany. gabriele.bolte@lgl.bayern.de	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Journal of exposure science & environmental epidemiology Periodical, Abbrev. J.Expo.Sci.Environ.Epidemiol. Pub Date Free Form May Volume 18 Issue 3 Start Page 262 Other Pages 271 Notes JID: 101262796; 0 (Polycyclic Hydrocarbons, Aromatic); 0 (Tobacco Smoke Pollution); 2007/06/13 [aheadofprint]; ppublish Place of Publication United States ISSN/ISBN 1559-064X; 1559-0631 Accession Number PMID: 17565353 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 7500590 [pii] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 17565353 Abstract In contrast to other countries, there is an on-going debate but still no smoke-free legislation in Germany. Exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) in hospitality venues is assumed to be high, but air quality data are lacking. Therefore, the aim of our study was to perform a comprehensive exposure assessment by analysing the indoor air concentration of toxic or carcinogenic ETS compounds in restaurants, pubs, and discotheques. Active sampling of indoor air was conducted for 4 h during the main visiting hours in 28 hospitality venues. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), volatile organic compounds (VOC), aldehydes/ketones, and cadmium were analysed. In addition, particle mass concentration was assessed with two different methods and particle number concentration (PNC) was determined. Median nicotine levels were 15 microg/m(3) in restaurants, 31 microg/m(3) in pubs, and 193 microg/m(3) in discotheques. Across these three sampling site categories median levels of 3-ethenylpyridine ranged from 3 to 24 microg/m(3), median levels of benzene from 8 to 20 microg/m(3), median levels of cadmium from 3 to 10 ng/m(3), and median levels of the sum of 16 PAH according to US-EPA from 215 to 375 ng/m(3), respectively. Median PM(2.5) mass concentration assessed gravimetrically varied between 178 and 808 microg/m(3) and PNC between 120,000 and 210,000 particles per cm(3) in restaurants, pubs, and discotheques. The majority of the particles had a size of 0.01-0.5 microm. Concentrations of ETS compounds were always highest in discotheques. The strong correlation between ETS-specific markers (nicotine, 3-ethenylpyridine) and PM(2.5), PAH, VOC, aldehydes/ketones, and cadmium indicated ETS as main source of these toxic or carcinogenic substances. In conclusion, indoor air concentrations of ETS constituents were high in German hospitality venues and represented a substantial health threat. Effective measures to protect patrons and staff from ETS exposure are necessary from a public health point of view. Descriptors Air Pollution, Indoor/adverse effects/analysis, Environmental Exposure/adverse effects/analysis, Environmental Health, Environmental Monitoring, Germany, Humans, Particle Size, Polycyclic Hydrocarbons, Aromatic/analysis/toxicity, Public Facilities, Restaurants, Risk Assessment, Tobacco Smoke Pollution/adverse effects/analysis, Ventilation Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Bolte,G., Heitmann,D., Kiranoglu,M., Schierl,R., Diemer,J., Koerner,W., Fromme,H. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20070613 PMCID Editors
Monitoring polytobacco use among adolescents: do cigarette smokers use other forms of tobacco?	2008	Office on Smoking and Health, National Center for Chronic Disease and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA. jbombard@cdc.gov	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco Periodical, Abbrev. Nicotine Tob.Res. Pub Date Free Form Nov Volume 10 Issue 11 Start Page 1581 Other Pages 1589 Notes LR: 20151119; JID: 9815751; ppublish Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1462-2203; 1462-2203 Accession Number PMID: 18988070 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; IM DOI 10.1080/14622200802412887 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 18988070 Abstract The extent of concurrent use of cigarettes and one or more other tobacco products (polytobacco use) is important to explore because users may be at an increased risk for adverse health effects and nicotine dependency. We determined national population estimates of current cigarette and current polytobacco use for at least 50,000 students from the 2002 and 2004 National Youth Tobacco Surveys. We identified which tobacco products were most often used in conjunction with cigarettes and used multivariate analyses to identify factors associated with polytobacco use. The overall prevalence was 16.0% for current cigarette smoking among all respondents and 15.0% for current cigarette smoking among respondents with complete information on concurrent cigarette and other tobacco product use: 8.1% used cigarettes only, and 6.9% were polytobacco users. Among current male cigarette smokers, 62.0% used other tobacco products; among current female cigarette smokers, 30.9% did. Among current cigarette smokers using one other tobacco product, cigars or smokeless tobacco were the most frequently used products. In multivariate analysis, polytobacco use was associated with being male; being in middle school; residing in the Midwest, South, or West; being able to obtain cigarettes from a retailer; being subject to peer influence; having favorable beliefs about tobacco; being willing to use tobacco promotional items; being exposed to tobacco advertisements; and having higher levels of lost autonomy (an indicator of nicotine dependency). Youth interventions need to broaden their focus to address the use of all tobacco products, paying particular attention to adolescent males and youth living outside of the Northeast. Descriptors Adolescent, Adolescent Behavior/psychology, Attitude to Health, Behavior, Addictive/epidemiology/psychology, Causality, Comorbidity, Female, Humans, Male, Peer Group, Product Labeling, Risk Factors, Risk-Taking, Self Concept, Sex Factors, Smoking/epidemiology/psychology, Smoking Cessation/statistics & numerical data, Surveys and Questionnaires, Tobacco Use Disorder/epidemiology/psychology, Tobacco, Smokeless, United States/epidemiology Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Bombard,J. M., Rock,V. J., Pederson,L. L., Asman,K. J. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
A digital smoking cessation program delivered through internet and cell phone without nicotine replacement (happy ending): randomized controlled trial	2008	Department of Psychology, Postboks 1094 Blindern, 0317 Oslo, Norway. haavabre@psykologi.uio.no	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Journal of medical Internet research Periodical, Abbrev. J.Med.Internet Res. Pub Date Free Form 28-Nov Volume 10 Issue 5 Start Page e51 Other Pages Notes LR: 20151119; JID: 100959882; 6M3C89ZY6R (Nicotine); OID: NLM: PMC2630841; 2007/11/29 [received]; 2008/08/20 [accepted]; 2008/04/28 [revised]; epublish Place of Publication United States ISSN/ISBN 1438-8871; 1438-8871 Accession Number PMID: 19087949 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.2196/jmir.1005 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 19087949 Abstract BACKGROUND: Happy Ending (HE) is an intense 1-year smoking cessation program delivered via the Internet and cell phone. HE consists of more than 400 contacts by email, Web pages, interactive voice response, and short message service technology. HE includes a craving helpline and a relapse prevention system, providing just-in-time therapy. All the components of the program are fully automated. OBJECTIVE: The objectives were to describe the rationale for the design of HE, to assess the 12-month efficacy of HE in a sample of smokers willing to attempt to quit without the use of nicotine replacement therapy, and to explore the potential effect of HE on coping planning and self-efficacy (prior to quitting) and whether coping planning and self-efficacy mediate treatment effect. METHODS: A two-arm randomized controlled trial was used. Subjects were recruited via Internet advertisements and randomly assigned to condition. Inclusion criteria were willingness to quit on a prescribed day without using nicotine replacement and being aged 18 years or older. The intervention group received HE, and the control group received a 44-page self-help booklet. Abstinence was defined as "not even a puff of smoke, for the last seven days" and was assessed by means of Internet surveys or telephone interviews 1, 3, 6, and 12 months postcessation. The main outcome was repeated point abstinence (ie, abstinence at all four time points). Coping planning and self-efficacy were measured at baseline and at the end of the preparation phase (ie, after 2 weeks of treatment, but prior to cessation day). RESULTS: A total of 290 participants received either the HE intervention (n=144) or the control booklet (n=146). Using intent-to-treat analysis, participants in the intervention group reported clinically and statistically significantly higher repeated point abstinence rates than control participants (20% versus 7%, odds ratio [OR] = 3.43, 95% CI = 1.60-7.34, P = .002). Although no differences were observed at baseline, by the end of the preparation phase, significantly higher levels of coping planning (t(261) = 3.07, P = .002) and precessation self-efficacy (t(261) = 2.63, P = .01) were observed in the intervention group compared with the control group. However, neither coping planning nor self-efficacy mediated long-term treatment effect. For point abstinence 1 month after quitting, however, coping planning and self-efficacy showed a partial mediation of the treatment effect. CONCLUSIONS: This 12-month trial documents a long-term treatment effect of a fully automated smoking cessation intervention without the use of nicotine replacement therapy. The study adds to the promise of using digital media in supporting behavior change. Descriptors Adolescent, Behavior Therapy, Cell Phones, Electronic Mail, Happiness, Humans, Internet, Multimedia, Nicotine/therapeutic use, Pamphlets, Patient Selection, Smoking/drug therapy/psychology, Smoking Cessation/methods/psychology, Therapy, Computer-Assisted/methods, Treatment Outcome, User-Computer Interface, Young Adult Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Brendryen,H., Drozd,F., Kraft,P. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20081128 PMCID PMC2630841 Editors
Boom and bust inflation: a graceful exit via compact extra dimensions	2008		Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Phys Rev Lett Periodical, Abbrev. Phys.Rev.Lett. Pub Date Free Form Volume 101 Issue 22 Start Page 221302 Other Pages 221302 Notes ID: 19113473 Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN Accession Number Language en SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract A model of inflation is proposed in which compact extra dimensions allow a graceful exit without recourse to flat potentials or super-Planckian field values. Though bubbles of true vacuum are too sparse to uniformly reheat the Universe by colliding with each other, a compact dimension enables a single bubble to uniformly reheat by colliding with itself. This mechanism, which generates an approximately scale invariant perturbation spectrum, requires that inflation be driven by a bulk field, that vacuum decay be slow, and that the extra dimension be at least a hundred times larger than the false vacuum Hubble length. Descriptors Links http://pesquisa.bvsalud.org/ghl/resource/en/mdl-19113473 Book Title Database MEDLINE; http://www.globalhealthlibrary.net/ Publisher Data Source Authors Brown,Adam R. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Characterisation of urban inhalation exposures to benzene, formaldehyde and acetaldehyde in the European Union: comparison of measured and modelled exposure data	2008	Physical and Chemical Exposure Unit, Institute for Health and Consumer Protection, Joint Research Centre of the Commission of the European Communities, Via E. Fermi 1, T.P. 281, 21027 Ispra, VA, Italy.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Environmental science and pollution research international Periodical, Abbrev. Environ.Sci.Pollut.Res.Int. Pub Date Free Form Jul Volume 15 Issue 5 Start Page 417 Other Pages 430 Notes LR: 20131121; JID: 9441769; 0 (Air Pollutants); 1HG84L3525 (Formaldehyde); GO1N1ZPR3B (Acetaldehyde); J64922108F (Benzene); 2007/08/29 [received]; 2008/04/21 [accepted]; 2008/05/20 [aheadofprint]; ppublish Place of Publication Germany ISSN/ISBN 0944-1344; 0944-1344 Accession Number PMID: 18491156 Language eng SubFile Comparative Study; Journal Article; IM DOI 10.1007/s11356-008-0013-4 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 18491156 Abstract BACKGROUND, AIM AND SCOPE: All across Europe, people live and work in indoor environments. On average, people spend around 90% of their time indoors (homes, workplaces, cars and public transport means, etc.) and are exposed to a complex mixture of pollutants at concentration levels that are often several times higher than outdoors. These pollutants are emitted by different sources indoors and outdoors and include volatile organic compounds (VOCs), carbonyls (aldehydes and ketones) and other chemical substances often adsorbed on particles. Moreover, legal obligations opposed by legislations, such as the European Union's General Product Safety Directive (GPSD) and Registration, Evaluation, Authorisation and Restriction of Chemicals (REACH), increasingly require detailed understanding of where and how chemical substances are used throughout their life-cycle and require better characterisation of their emissions and exposure. This information is essential to be able to control emissions from sources aiming at a reduction of adverse health effects. Scientifically sound human risk assessment procedures based on qualitative and quantitative human exposure information allows a better characterisation of population exposures to chemical substances. In this context, the current paper compares inhalation exposures to three health-based EU priority substances, i.e. benzene, formaldehyde and acetaldehyde. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Distributions of urban population inhalation exposures, indoor and outdoor concentrations were created on the basis of measured AIRMEX data in 12 European cities and compared to results from existing European population exposure studies published within the scientific literature. By pooling all EU city personal exposure, indoor and outdoor concentration means, representative EU city cumulative frequency distributions were created. Population exposures were modelled with a microenvironment model using the time spent and concentrations in four microenvironments, i.e. indoors at home and at work, outdoors at work and in transit, as input parameters. Pooled EU city inhalation exposures were compared to modelled population exposures. The contributions of these microenvironments to the total daily inhalation exposure of formaldehyde, benzene and acetaldehyde were estimated. Inhalation exposures were compared to the EU annual ambient benzene air quality guideline (5 microg/m3-to be met by 2010) and the recommended (based on the INDEX project) 30-min average formaldehyde limit value (30 microg/m3). RESULTS: Indoor inhalation exposure contributions are much higher compared to the outdoor or in-transit microenvironment contributions, accounting for almost 99% in the case of formaldehyde. The highest in-transit exposure contribution was found for benzene; 29.4% of the total inhalation exposure contribution. Comparing the pooled AIRMEX EU city inhalation exposures with the modelled exposures, benzene, formaldehyde and acetaldehyde exposures are 5.1, 17.3 and 11.8 microg/m3 vs. 5.1, 20.1 and 10.2 microg/m3, respectively. Together with the fact that a dominating fraction of time is spent indoors (>90%), the total inhalation exposure is mostly driven by the time spent indoors. DISCUSSION: The approach used in this paper faced three challenges concerning exposure and time-activity data, comparability and scarce or missing in-transit data inducing careful interpretation of the results. The results obtained by AIRMEX underline that many European urban populations are still exposed to elevated levels of benzene and formaldehyde in the inhaled air. It is still likely that the annual ambient benzene air quality guideline of 5 microg/m3 in the EU and recommended formaldehyde 30-min average limit value of 30 microg/m3 are exceeded by a substantial part of populations living in urban areas. Considering multimedia and multi-pathway exposure to acetaldehyde, the biggest exposure contribution was found to be related to dietary behaviou Descriptors Acetaldehyde/analysis, Air Pollutants/analysis, Air Pollution, Indoor/analysis, Benzene/analysis, Computer Simulation, European Union, Formaldehyde/analysis, Humans, Inhalation Exposure/analysis, Models, Chemical, Urban Population Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Bruinen de Bruin,Y., Koistinen,K., Kephalopoulos,S., Geiss,O., Tirendi,S., Kotzias,D. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20080520 PMCID Editors
Migration of BADGE (bisphenol A diglycidyl-ether) and BFDGE (bisphenol F diglycidyl-ether) in canned seafood	2008	ANFACO-CECOPESCA, Col Univ 16, Vigo, Spain. agcabado@anfaco.es	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Food and chemical toxicology : an international journal published for the British Industrial Biological Research Association Periodical, Abbrev. Food Chem.Toxicol. Pub Date Free Form May Volume 46 Issue 5 Start Page 1674 Other Pages 1680 Notes LR: 20131121; JID: 8207483; 0 (Benzhydryl Compounds); 0 (Carcinogens); 0 (Epoxy Compounds); 0 (Indicators and Reagents); 0 (Lipids); 0 (bisphenol F diglycidyl ether); F3XRM1NX4H (2,2-bis(4-glycidyloxyphenyl)propane); 2007/01/11 [received]; 2007/08/29 [rev Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 0278-6915; 0278-6915 Accession Number PMID: 18289761 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.1016/j.fct.2008.01.006 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 18289761 Abstract Migration of potentially toxic materials used for the lining of commercial can goods remains an important issue, especially with respect to certain types of processed foods. Seafood is one type where more information is needed with respect to other ingredients used for adding value to fishery products. Most cans are internally coated with starters of resins such as bisphenol A diglycidyl-ether (BADGE) and bisphenol F diglycidyl-ether (BFDGE), both considered as toxic compounds. Several seafood products, sardines, tuna fish, mackerel, mussels, cod and mackerel eggs, were manufactured in different conditions changing covering sauce, time and temperature of storage and heat-treated for sterilization in cans. Migration kinetics of BADGE and BFDGE from varnish into canned products were evaluated by HPLC in 70 samples after 6, 12 or 18 months of storage. Results showed that there is no migration of BADGE in tuna fish, sardines, mussels or cod. However, migration of BFDGE occurs in all species, in a storage time-dependent way and content of fat, although migration of these compounds is not affected by sterilization conditions. All samples analyzed presented values lower than 9 mg BADGE/kg net product without exceeding European limits. However, concerning BFDGE migration, European legislation does not allow the use and/or the presence of BFDGE. Main migration takes place in mackerel reaching the highest values, 0.74 mg BFDGE/kg and 0.34 mg BADGE/kg net product, in red pepper sauce. Descriptors Animals, Benzhydryl Compounds, Bivalvia, Carcinogens/analysis, Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid, Epoxy Compounds/analysis, Food Analysis, Food Preservation, Gadus morhua, Indicators and Reagents, Lipids/analysis, Perciformes, Reproducibility of Results, Seafood/analysis, Sterilization, Temperature, Time Factors, Tuna Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Cabado,A. G., Aldea,S., Porro,C., Ojea,G., Lago,J., Sobrado,C., Vieites,J. M. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20080112 PMCID Editors
Nicotine receptor partial agonists for smoking cessation	2008	Department of Primary Health Care, University of Oxford, Rosemary Rue Building, Old Road Campus, Oxford, UK, OX3 7LF. kate.cahill@dphpc.ox.ac.uk	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full The Cochrane database of systematic reviews Periodical, Abbrev. Cochrane Database Syst.Rev. Pub Date Free Form 16-Jul Volume (3):CD006103. doi Issue 3 Start Page CD006103 Other Pages Notes LR: 20151119; JID: 100909747; 0 (Alkaloids); 0 (Azocines); 0 (Benzazepines); 0 (Nicotinic Agonists); 0 (Quinolizines); 0 (Quinoxalines); 01ZG3TPX31 (Bupropion); 53S5U404NU (cytisine); 6M3C89ZY6R (Nicotine); W6HS99O8ZO (Varenicline); UIN: Cochrane Database Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1469-493X; 1361-6137 Accession Number PMID: 18646137 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Meta-Analysis; Review; IM DOI 10.1002/14651858.CD006103.pub3 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 18646137 Abstract BACKGROUND: Nicotine receptor partial agonists may help people to stop smoking by a combination of maintaining moderate levels of dopamine to counteract withdrawal symptoms (acting as an agonist) and reducing smoking satisfaction (acting as an antagonist). Varenicline was developed as a nicotine receptor partial agonist from cytisine, a drug widely used in central and eastern Europe for smoking cessation. The first trial reports of varenicline were released in 2006, and further trials have now been published or are currently are underway. OBJECTIVES: The primary objective of this review is to assess the efficacy and tolerability of nicotine receptor partial agonists, including varenicline and cytisine, for smoking cessation. SEARCH STRATEGY: We searched the Cochrane Tobacco Addiction Group's specialised register for trials, using the terms ('varenicline' or 'cytisine' or 'Tabex' or 'nicotine receptor partial agonist') and 'smoking' in the title or abstract, or as keywords. We also searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO and CINAHL using MeSH terms and free text, and we contacted authors of trial reports for additional information where necessary. The latest search was in March 2008. SELECTION CRITERIA: We included randomized controlled trials which compared the treatment drug with placebo. We also included comparisons with bupropion and nicotine patches where available. We excluded trials which did not report a minimum follow-up period of six months from start of treatment. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: We extracted data in duplicate on the type of participants, the dose and duration of treatment, the outcome measures, the randomization procedure, concealment of allocation, and completeness of follow up. The main outcome measured was abstinence from smoking after at least six months from the beginning of treatment. We used the most rigorous definition of abstinence, and preferred biochemically validated rates where they were reported. Where appropriate we performed meta-analysis to produce a risk ratio, using the Mantel-Haenszel fixed-effect model. MAIN RESULTS: We found seven trials of varenicline compared with placebo for smoking cessation; three of these also included a bupropion experimental arm. We found one relapse prevention trial, comparing varenicline with placebo. We also found one open-label trial comparing varenicline with nicotine replacement therapy. The nine trials covered 7267 participants, 4744 of whom used varenicline. We identified one trial of cytisine (Tabex) for inclusion. The pooled risk ratio (RR) for continuous abstinence at six months or longer for varenicline versus placebo was 2.33 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.95 to 2.80). The pooled RR for varenicline versus bupropion at one year was 1.52 (95% CI 1.22 to 1.88). The RR for varenicline versus NRT at one year was 1.31 (95% CI 1.01 to 1.71). The two trials which tested the use of varenicline beyond the 12-week standard regimen found the drug to be well-tolerated during long-term use. The main adverse effect of varenicline was nausea, which was mostly at mild to moderate levels and usually subsided over time. Post-marketing safety data suggest that varenicline may be associated with depressed mood, agitation, and suicidal behaviour or ideation. The labelling of varenicline has been amended, and the FDA is conducting a safety review. The one cytisine trial included in this review found that more participants taking cytisine stopped smoking compared with placebo at two-year follow up, with an RR of 1.61 (95% CI 1.24 to 2.08). AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS: Varenicline increased the chances of successful long-term smoking cessation between two- and threefold compared with pharmacologically unassisted quit attempts. More participants quit successfully with varenicline than with bupropion. One open-label trial of varenicline versus nicotine replacement therapy demonstrated a modest benefit of varenicline. The effectivenes Descriptors Alkaloids/therapeutic use, Azocines/therapeutic use, Benzazepines/adverse effects/therapeutic use, Bupropion/therapeutic use, Humans, Nicotine/antagonists & inhibitors, Nicotinic Agonists/adverse effects/therapeutic use, Quinolizines/therapeutic use, Quinoxalines/adverse effects/therapeutic use, Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic, Smoking/drug therapy, Smoking Cessation/methods, Varenicline Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Cahill,K., Stead,L. F., Lancaster,T. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20080716 PMCID Editors
Activity of caspofungin and voriconazole against clinical isolates of Candida and other medically important yeasts by the CLSI M-44A disk diffusion method with Neo-Sensitabs tablets	2008	Departamento de Microbiologia, ACIA, Barcelona, Spain. acarrillo@ya.com	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Chemotherapy Periodical, Abbrev. Chemotherapy Pub Date Free Form Volume 54 Issue 1 Start Page 38 Other Pages 42 Notes LR: 20141120; CI: (c) 2007; JID: 0144731; 0 (Antifungal Agents); 0 (Echinocandins); 0 (Pyrimidines); 0 (Triazoles); 304NUG5GF4 (Itraconazole); 7XU7A7DROE (Amphotericin B); 8VZV102JFY (Fluconazole); F0XDI6ZL63 (caspofungin); JFU09I87TR (Voriconazole); R940 Place of Publication Switzerland ISSN/ISBN 1421-9794; 0009-3157 Accession Number PMID: 18073469 Language eng SubFile Comparative Study; Journal Article; IM DOI 000112414 [pii] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 18073469 Abstract In vitro activity of caspofungin and voriconazole against 184 clinical isolates of Candida and other medically important yeasts in comparison with that of fluconazole, ketoconazole, itraconazole and amphotericin B was determined by using a disk diffusion method (Neo-Sensitabs) standardized according to the recommendations of the CLSI documents M44-A and M44-S1 (same medium: Mueller-Hinton plus methylene blue; inoculum and minimal inhibitory concentration/zone breakpoints). Seventy-two percent of clinical isolates were susceptible to caspofungin, 23.6% showed an intermediate susceptibility (most of them were Candida parapsilosis) and 4.3% were resistant (values for Candida spp. were 71.2, 23.8 and 5%, respectively). For voriconazole, 96.7% of clinical isolates were susceptible and 3.3% were resistant (Candida spp.: 96 and 3.8%, respectively). Both caspofungin and voriconazole showed high activity against a wide variety of clinically important yeasts. Descriptors Amphotericin B/pharmacology, Antifungal Agents/pharmacology, Candida/drug effects, Cryptococcus/drug effects, Disk Diffusion Antimicrobial Tests, Drug Resistance, Fungal, Echinocandins/pharmacology, Fluconazole/pharmacology, Itraconazole/pharmacology, Ketoconazole/pharmacology, Pyrimidines/pharmacology, Rhodotorula/drug effects, Triazoles/pharmacology, Trichosporon/drug effects, Voriconazole Links Book Title Database Publisher S. Karger AG, Basel Data Source Authors Carrillo-Munoz,A. J., Quindos,G., del Valle,O., Santos,P., Giusiano,G., Ezkurra,P. A., Estivill,M. D., Casals,J. B. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20071210 PMCID Editors
Is concern about waterpipe tobacco smoking warranted?	2008		Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Aust N Z J Public Health Periodical, Abbrev. Aust.N.Z.J.Public Health Pub Date Free Form Volume 32 Issue 2 Start Page 181 Other Pages 2 Notes ID: 18412692 Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN Accession Number Language en SubFile DOI Output Language Unknown(0) PMID Abstract Descriptors Health Promotion, Smoking, Social Marketing, Tobacco Smoke Pollution, Adolescent, Adult, Female, Health Surveys, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, New South Wales Links http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1753-6405.2008.00198.x Book Title Database MEDLINE; http://www.globalhealthlibrary.net/ Publisher Data Source Authors Carroll,Therese, Poder,Natasha, Perusco,Andrew Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Diversity of lactic acid bacteria in fermented brines used to make stinky tofu	2008	Institute of Biochemistry, National Yang-Ming University, 155, Sec. 2, Li-Nong Street, Pei-Tou, Taipei 11221, Taiwan.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full International journal of food microbiology Periodical, Abbrev. Int.J.Food Microbiol. Pub Date Free Form 31-Mar Volume 123 Issue 2-Jan Start Page 134 Other Pages 141 Notes LR: 20081121; JID: 8412849; 0 (DNA, Ribosomal); 0 (RNA, Ribosomal, 16S); 2007/04/17 [received]; 2007/11/30 [revised]; 2007/12/18 [accepted]; 2008/01/30 [aheadofprint]; ppublish Place of Publication Netherlands ISSN/ISBN 0168-1605; 0168-1605 Accession Number PMID: 18234387 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2007.12.010 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 18234387 Abstract Stinky tofu is a kind of fermented tofu with a strong odor. Although stinky tofu is a very popular snack in the Asian region, the community of microbes, and especially lactic acid bacteria (LAB), indigenous to the fermented brine from which it is made remains poorly described. We examined 168 isolates obtained from the original fermented brine (brine A) and two brines in which the hard tofu (brine B) and soft tofu (brine C) had been soaked. Through random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis for typing and 16S rDNA sequencing, 136 representative strains were identified as belonging to 7 genera and 32 species: Enterococcus (2 species), Lactobacillus (14 species), Lactococcus (3 species), Leuconostoc (6 species), Pediococcus (1 species), Streptococcus (2 species), and Weissella (4 species). The LAB composition of brine A was the most diverse: 19 different species were isolated, and 9 of them were classified as Lactobacillus species. The 16S rDNA sequences of 9 strains (6 from brine A and 3 from brine C) showed low values of similarity (below 98%) with currently known species by analysis using the FASTA software. Thus, a wide variety of LAB strains were associated with the fermentation of stinky tofu brines. Descriptors DNA, Ribosomal/chemistry/genetics, Fermentation, Gene Amplification, Genetic Variation, Hydrogen-Ion Concentration, Lactobacillus/classification/genetics/isolation & purification, Phylogeny, RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/analysis, Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA Technique/methods, Sequence Analysis, DNA, Soy Foods/microbiology, Species Specificity Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Chao,S. H., Tomii,Y., Watanabe,K., Tsai,Y. C. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20080130 PMCID Editors

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