WTS database

Title	Pub Year	Author Sort descending	SearchLink
Association between Helicobacter pylori and Barrett's esophagus, erosive esophagitis, and gastroesophageal reflux symptoms	2014	Center for Clinical Management Research, Ann Arbor Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan; Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan. Electronic address: jhr@umi	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Clinical gastroenterology and hepatology : the official clinical practice journal of the American Gastroenterological Association Periodical, Abbrev. Clin.Gastroenterol.Hepatol. Pub Date Free Form Feb Volume 12 Issue 2 Start Page 239 Other Pages 245 Notes LR: 20150423; CI: Copyright (c) 2014; GR: K23 DK079291/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/United States; GR: K23DK079291/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/United States; GR: K24 DK080941/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/United States; GR: K24DK080941/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/United States; GR: P30 DK034933/DK/NID Place of Publication United States ISSN/ISBN 1542-7714; 1542-3565 Accession Number PMID: 23988686 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.1016/j.cgh.2013.08.029 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 23988686 Abstract BACKGROUND & AIMS: Infection with Helicobacter pylori, particularly the cytotoxin-associated gene A (cagA)+ strain, is believed to protect against Barrett's esophagus, but it is not clear if it protects against gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). We aimed to determine whether H pylori infection is associated with GERD symptoms, erosive esophagitis, and Barrett's esophagus within the same cohort. METHODS: We analyzed data from a case-control study of 533 men (ages, 50-79 y) who underwent colorectal cancer screening at 2 tertiary medical centers in Michigan between 2008 and 2011 and who also were recruited to undergo upper endoscopy. We assessed 80 additional men found to have Barrett's esophagus during clinically indicated upper-endoscopy examinations. Logistic regression was used to estimate the associations between serum antibodies against H pylori or cagA and GERD symptoms, esophagitis, and Barrett's esophagus, compared with randomly selected men undergoing colorectal cancer screens (n = 177). RESULTS: H pylori infection was associated inversely with Barrett's esophagus (odds ratio [OR], 0.53; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.29-0.97), particularly the cagA+ strain (OR, 0.36; 95% CI, 0.14-0.90). There was a trend toward an inverse association with erosive esophagitis (H pylori OR, 0.63; 95% CI, 0.37-1.08; and cagA+ OR, 0.47; 95% CI, 0.21-1.03). However, GERD symptoms were not associated with H pylori infection (OR, 0.948; 95% CI, 0.548-1.64; and cagA+ OR, 0.967; 95% CI, 0.461-2.03). CONCLUSIONS: Based on a case-control study, infection with H pylori, particularly the cagA+ strain, is associated inversely with Barrett's esophagus. We observed a trend toward an inverse association with esophagitis, but not with GERD symptoms. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher AGA Institute. Published by Elsevier Inc Data Source Authors Rubenstein,J.H., Inadomi,J.M., Scheiman,J., Schoenfeld,P., Appelman,H., Zhang,M., Metko,V., Kao,J.Y. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20130827 PMCID PMC3947027 Editors
Parental intentions to enroll children in a voluntary expanded newborn screening program	2016	Center for Communication Science, RTI International, Research Triangle Park, NC, United States. Electronic address: rpaquin@rti.org.; Center for P-12 Education, RTI International, Research Triangle Park, NC, United States.; Center for P-12 Education, RTI	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Social science & medicine (1982) Periodical, Abbrev. Soc.Sci.Med. Pub Date Free Form 29-Jul Volume 166 Issue Start Page 17 Other Pages 24 Notes LR: 20160815; CI: Copyright (c) 2016; JID: 8303205; OTO: NOTNLM; 2016/02/25 [received]; 2016/07/16 [revised]; 2016/07/26 [accepted]; aheadofprint Place of Publication ISSN/ISBN 1873-5347; 0277-9536 Accession Number PMID: 27526258 Language ENG SubFile JOURNAL ARTICLE DOI S0277-9536(16)30397-5 [pii] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 27526258 Abstract BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Nearly all babies in the United States are tested at birth for rare, serious, and treatable disorders through mandatory state newborn screening (NBS). Recently, there have been calls for an expanded, voluntary model to facilitate early diagnosis and treatment of a wider range of disorders. We applied the reasoned action framework to examine parental intentions to participate in voluntary expanded screening. METHODS: We recruited a national cohort of recent and expectant parents living in the U.S. who completed a self-administered online survey (N = 1001). Using a mixed-level fractional factorial experiment, we studied parental participation intentions and preferences for timing of consent, cost, consent format, and testing options. RESULTS: We conducted a hierarchical regression analysis assessing parental intentions to participate in voluntary expanded NBS. Attitudes, perceived normative influence, and perceived behavioral control explained substantial variance in intention, with perceived normative influence emerging as the strongest predictor. We found no evidence that the manipulated program features altered mean levels of intention, but timing of parental permission, cost, and permission format moderated the relative importance of reasoned action constructs on intention. CONCLUSION: Program design features may impact the psychological mechanisms underlying parental decision making for voluntary expanded screening. These results have important implications for parent education, outreach, and informed parental permission procedures. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Elsevier Ltd Data Source Authors Paquin,R.S., Peay,H.L., Gehtland,L.M., Lewis,M.A., Bailey,D.B.,Jr Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20160729 PMCID Editors
Opioid antagonists for smoking cessation	2013	Center for Education in Family & Community Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA. spdavid@stanford.edu.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full The Cochrane database of systematic reviews Periodical, Abbrev. Cochrane Database Syst.Rev. Pub Date Free Form 6-Jun Volume (6):CD003086. doi Issue 6 Start Page CD003086 Other Pages Notes LR: 20160602; GR: P50 DA009253/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States; GR: P50 DA009253/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States; GR: R01 MH083684/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/United States; GR: R01 MH083684/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/United States; JID: 100909747; 0 (Narcotic Antagonists); 36B82AM Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1469-493X; 1361-6137 Accession Number PMID: 23744347 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Meta-Analysis; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Review; IM DOI 10.1002/14651858.CD003086.pub3 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 23744347 Abstract BACKGROUND: The reinforcing properties of nicotine may be mediated through release of various neurotransmitters both centrally and systemically. People who smoke report positive effects such as pleasure, arousal, and relaxation as well as relief of negative affect, tension, and anxiety. Opioid (narcotic) antagonists are of particular interest to investigators as potential agents to attenuate the rewarding effects of cigarette smoking. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the efficacy of opioid antagonists in promoting long-term smoking cessation. The drugs include naloxone and the longer-acting opioid antagonist naltrexone. SEARCH METHODS: We searched the Cochrane Tobacco Addiction Group Specialised Register for trials of naloxone, naltrexone and other opioid antagonists and conducted an additional search of MEDLINE using 'Narcotic antagonists' and smoking terms in April 2013. We also contacted investigators, when possible, for information on unpublished studies. SELECTION CRITERIA: We considered randomised controlled trials comparing opioid antagonists to placebo or an alternative therapeutic control for smoking cessation. We included in the meta-analysis only those trials which reported data on abstinence for a minimum of six months. We also reviewed, for descriptive purposes, results from short-term laboratory-based studies of opioid antagonists designed to evaluate psycho-biological mediating variables associated with nicotine dependence. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: We extracted data in duplicate on the study population, the nature of the drug therapy, the outcome measures, method of randomisation, and completeness of follow-up. The main outcome measure was abstinence from smoking after at least six months follow-up in patients smoking at baseline. Abstinence at end of treatment was a secondary outcome. We extracted cotinine- or carbon monoxide-verified abstinence where available. Where appropriate, we performed meta-analysis, pooling risk ratios using a Mantel-Haenszel fixed-effect model. MAIN RESULTS: Eight trials of naltrexone met inclusion criteria for meta-analysis of long-term cessation. One trial used a factorial design so five trials compared naltrexone versus placebo and four trials compared naltrexone plus nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) versus placebo plus NRT. Results from 250 participants in one long-term trial remain unpublished. No significant difference was detected between naltrexone and placebo (risk ratio (RR) 1.00; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.66 to 1.51, 445 participants), or between naltrexone and placebo as an adjunct to NRT (RR 0.95; 95% CI 0.70 to 1.30, 768 participants). The estimate was similar when all eight trials were pooled (RR 0.97; 95% CI 0.76 to 1.24, 1213 participants). In a secondary analysis of abstinence at end of treatment, there was also no evidence of any early treatment effect, (RR 1.03; 95% CI 0.88 to 1.22, 1213 participants). No trials of naloxone or buprenorphine reported abstinence outcomes. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS: Based on data from eight trials and over 1200 individuals, there was no evidence of an effect of naltrexone alone or as an adjunct to NRT on long-term smoking abstinence, with a point estimate strongly suggesting no effect and confidence intervals that make a clinically important effect of treatment unlikely. Although further trials might narrow the confidence intervals they are unlikely to be a good use of resources. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors David,S.P., Lancaster,T., Stead,L.F., Evins,A.E., Prochaska,J.J. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20130606 PMCID PMC4038652 Editors
Change in indoor particle levels after a smoking ban in Minnesota bars and restaurants	2010	Center for Energy and Environment, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA. dbohac@mncee.org	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full American Journal of Preventive Medicine Periodical, Abbrev. Am.J.Prev.Med. Pub Date Free Form Dec Volume 39 Issue 6 Suppl 1 Start Page S3 Other Pages 9 Notes CI: Copyright (c) 2010; JID: 8704773; 0 (Particulate Matter); 0 (Tobacco Smoke Pollution); 2010/04/19 [received]; 2010/08/13 [revised]; 2010/09/09 [accepted]; ppublish Place of Publication Netherlands ISSN/ISBN 1873-2607; 0749-3797 Accession Number PMID: 21074674 Language eng SubFile Evaluation Studies; Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.1016/j.amepre.2010.09.012 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 21074674 Abstract BACKGROUND: Smoking bans in bars and restaurants have been shown to improve worker health and reduce hospital admissions for acute myocardial infarction. Several studies have also reported improved indoor air quality, although these studies generally used single visits before and after a ban for a convenience sample of venues. PURPOSE: The primary objective of this study was to provide detailed time-of-day and day-of-week secondhand smoke-exposure data for representative bars and restaurants in Minnesota. METHODS: This study improved on previous approaches by using a statistically representative sample of three venue types (drinking places, limited-service restaurants, and full-service restaurants), conducting repeat visits to the same venue prior to the ban, and matching the day of week and time of day for the before- and after-ban monitoring. The repeat visits included laser photometer fine particulate (PM(2).(5)) concentration measurements, lit cigarette counts, and customer counts for 19 drinking places, eight limited-service restaurants, and 35 full-service restaurants in the Minneapolis/St. Paul metropolitan area. The more rigorous design of this study provides improved confidence in the findings and reduces the likelihood of systematic bias. RESULTS: The median reduction in PM(2).(5) was greater than 95% for all three venue types. Examination of data from repeated visits shows that making only one pre-ban visit to each venue would greatly increase the range of computed percentage reductions and lower the statistical power of pre-post tests. Variations in PM(2).(5) concentrations were found based on time of day and day of week when monitoring occurred. CONCLUSIONS: These comprehensive measurements confirm that smoking bans provide significant reductions in SHS constituents, protecting customers and workers from PM(2).(5) in bars and restaurants. Descriptors Air Pollution, Indoor/analysis/legislation & jurisprudence/prevention & control, Humans, Minnesota, Particulate Matter/analysis, Restaurants/classification/legislation & jurisprudence/statistics & numerical data, Sampling Studies, Smoking/legislation & jurisprudence/prevention & control, Tobacco Smoke Pollution/legislation & jurisprudence/prevention & control Links Book Title Database Publisher American Journal of Preventive Medicine Data Source Authors Bohac,D. L., Hewett,M. J., Kapphahn,K. I., Grimsrud,D. T., Apte,M. G., Gundel,L. A. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic PMCID Editors
Social Vulnerability and Ebola Virus Disease in Rural Liberia	2015	Center for Forest Disturbance Science, U.S. Forest Service, Athens, Georgia, United States of America.; Center for Forest Disturbance Science, U.S. Forest Service, Athens, Georgia, United States of America.; Center for Bottomland Hardwoods Research, U.S.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full PloS one Periodical, Abbrev. PLoS One Pub Date Free Form 1-Sep Volume 10 Issue 9 Start Page e0137208 Other Pages Notes LR: 20150911; JID: 101285081; OID: NLM: PMC4556488; 2015 [ecollection]; 2015/02/06 [received]; 2015/08/14 [accepted]; 2015/09/01 [epublish]; epublish Place of Publication United States ISSN/ISBN 1932-6203; 1932-6203 Accession Number PMID: 26325519 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.; IM DOI 10.1371/journal.pone.0137208 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 26325519 Abstract The Ebola virus disease (EVD) epidemic that has stricken thousands of people in the three West African countries of Liberia, Sierra Leone, and Guinea highlights the lack of adaptive capacity in post-conflict countries. The scarcity of health services in particular renders these populations vulnerable to multiple interacting stressors including food insecurity, climate change, and the cascading effects of disease epidemics such as EVD. However, the spatial distribution of vulnerable rural populations and the individual stressors contributing to their vulnerability are unknown. We developed a Social Vulnerability Classification using census indicators and mapped it at the district scale for Liberia. According to the Classification, we estimate that districts having the highest social vulnerability lie in the north and west of Liberia in Lofa, Bong, Grand Cape Mount, and Bomi Counties. Three of these counties together with the capital Monrovia and surrounding Montserrado and Margibi counties experienced the highest levels of EVD infections in Liberia. Vulnerability has multiple dimensions and a classification developed from multiple variables provides a more holistic view of vulnerability than single indicators such as food insecurity or scarcity of health care facilities. Few rural Liberians are food secure and many cannot reach a medical clinic in Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Stanturf,J.A., Goodrick,S.L., Warren,M.L.,Jr, Charnley,S., Stegall,C.M. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20150901 PMCID PMC4556488 Editors
Use of conventional and novel smokeless tobacco products among US adolescents	2013	Center for Global Tobacco Control, Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA. iagaku@post.harvard.edu	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Pediatrics Periodical, Abbrev. Pediatrics Pub Date Free Form Sep Volume 132 Issue 3 Start Page e578 Other Pages 86 Notes LR: 20150423; GR: 2R01 CA087477-09A2/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States; GR: 3R01 CA125224-03S1REV++/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States; JID: 0376422; OID: NLM: PMC3876763; OTO: NOTNLM; 2013/08/05 [aheadofprint]; ppublish Place of Publication United States ISSN/ISBN 1098-4275; 0031-4005 Accession Number PMID: 23918889 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; AIM; IM DOI 10.1542/peds.2013-0843 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 23918889 Abstract OBJECTIVES: To assess the prevalence and correlates of use of conventional and novel smokeless tobacco products among a national sample of US middle and high school students. METHODS: Data from the 2011 National Youth Tobacco Survey were analyzed to determine national estimates of current use of conventional ("chewing tobacco", "snuff," or "dip"), novel ("snus" and "dissolvable tobacco products"), and any smokeless tobacco products (novel and/or conventional products) within the past 30 days. RESULTS: The overall prevalence of current use of any smokeless tobacco product was 5.6% (n = 960). Among all students, 5.0% used chewing tobacco, snuff, or dip; 1.9% used snus; and 0.3% used dissolvable tobacco products. Among users of any smokeless tobacco, 64.0% used only conventional products, 26.8% were concurrent users of novel plus conventional products, whereas 9.2% exclusively used novel products. Approximately 72.1% of current any smokeless tobacco users concurrently smoked combustible tobacco products, and only 40.1% expressed an intention to quit all tobacco use. Regression analyses indicated that peer (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 9.56; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 7.14-12.80) and household (aOR: 3.32; 95% CI: 2.23-4.95) smokeless tobacco use were associated with smokeless tobacco use, whereas believing that all forms of tobacco are harmful was protective (aOR: 0.55; 95% CI: 0.38-0.79). CONCLUSIONS: Conventional smokeless tobacco products remain the predominant form of smokeless tobacco use. Most users of novel smokeless tobacco products also concurrently smoked combustible tobacco products. Smokeless tobacco use was associated with lower perception of harm from all tobacco products and protobacco social influences, indicating the need to change youth perceptions about the use of all tobacco products and to engage pediatricians in tobacco use prevention and cessation interventions. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Agaku,I.T., Ayo-Yusuf,O.A., Vardavas,C.I., Alpert,H.R., Connolly,G.N. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20130805 PMCID PMC3876763 Editors
Effectiveness of text versus pictorial health warning labels and predictors of support for plain packaging of tobacco products within the European Union	2015	Center for Global Tobacco Control, Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Mass., USA.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full European addiction research Periodical, Abbrev. Eur.Addict.Res. Pub Date Free Form Volume 21 Issue 1 Start Page 47 Other Pages 52 Notes LR: 20151119; JID: 9502920; 2014/04/07 [received]; 2014/07/17 [accepted]; 2014/11/11 [aheadofprint]; ppublish Place of Publication Switzerland ISSN/ISBN 1421-9891; 1022-6877 Accession Number PMID: 25402440 Language eng SubFile Comparative Study; Journal Article; IM DOI 10.1159/000366019 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 25402440 Abstract BACKGROUND: Tobacco product warning labels are a key health communication medium with plain packaging noted as the next step in the evolution of tobacco packaging. We assessed the self-reported impact of text versus pictorial health warnings and the determinants of support for plain packaging of tobacco products in the European Union (EU). METHODS: The Special Eurobarometer 385 survey was analyzed for 26,566 adults from 27 EU countries in 2012. The self-reported impact of warning labels (text or pictorial) and determinants of EU-wide support for plain packaging were assessed using multivariate logistic regression. RESULTS: Current smokers in countries where cigarette pictorial warnings were implemented had higher odds of reporting that health warning labels had any effect on their smoking behavior (making a quit attempt or reducing number of cigarettes smoked per day) compared to respondents in countries with text-only warning labels (adjusted odds ratio, aOR = 1.31; 95% confidence interval, 95% CI: 1.10-1.56). Population support for plain packaging of tobacco packs was higher in countries where cigarette pictorial warnings already existed (aOR = 1.17; 95% CI: 1.07-1.28). CONCLUSIONS: These findings indicate that the implementation of pictorial warnings at an EU level may have a positive behavioral impact among smokers and pave the way for population support for plain packaging in the EU. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Agaku,I.T., Filippidis,F.T., Vardavas,C.I. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20141111 PMCID Editors
Ashtrays and signage as determinants of a smoke-free legislation's success	2013	Center for Global Tobacco Control, Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America ; Smoking and Lung Cancer Research Center, Hellenic Cancer Society, Athens, Greece ; Clinic o	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full PloS one Periodical, Abbrev. PLoS One Pub Date Free Form 4-Sep Volume 8 Issue 9 Start Page e72945 Other Pages Notes LR: 20150422; JID: 101285081; OID: NLM: PMC3762932; 2013 [ecollection]; 2013/01/15 [received]; 2013/07/21 [accepted]; 2013/09/04 [epublish]; epublish Place of Publication United States ISSN/ISBN 1932-6203; 1932-6203 Accession Number PMID: 24023795 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.1371/journal.pone.0072945 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 24023795 Abstract INTRODUCTION: Successful smoke-free legislation is dependent on political will, enforcement and societal support. We report the success and pitfalls of a non-enforced nationwide smoke-free legislation in Greece, as well as ways in which compliance and enforcement-related factors, including ashtrays and signage, may impact indoor secondhand smoke (SHS) concentrations. METHODS: A follow-up study of venues (n=150, at baseline, n=75 at 2-year follow-up) in Greece assessed indoor particulate matter with a diameter less than 2.5 micrometers (PM 2.5 ) concentrations attributable to SHS smoke every six months for two years (n=455 venue/measurements). RESULTS: Following the implementation of the 2010 smoke-free legislation, mean PM2.5 concentrations attributable to SHS fell from 175.3 microg/m(3) pre-ban to 84.52 microg/m(3) immediately post-ban, increasing over subsequent waves (103.8 microg/m(3) and 158.2 microg/m(3) respectively). Controlling for potential influential factors such as ventilation, time of day, day of week, city and venue type, all post-ban measurements were still lower than during the pre-ban period (Wave 2 beta: -118.7, Wave 3 beta: -87.6, and Wave 4 beta: -69.9). Outdoor or indoor signage banning smoking was not found to affect SHS concentrations (beta: -10.9, p=0.667 and beta: -18.1, p=0.464 respectively). However, ashtray or ashtray equivalents were strong determinants of the existence of indoor SHS (beta: +67 microg/m(3), p=0.017). CONCLUSIONS: While the public may be supportive of smoke-free legislation, adherence may decline rapidly if enforcement is limited or nonexistent. Moreover, enforcement agencies should also focus on the comprehensive removal of ashtray equivalents that could act as cues for smoking within a venue. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Vardavas,C.I., Agaku,I., Patelarou,E., Anagnostopoulos,N., Nakou,C., Dramba,V., Giourgouli,G., Argyropoulou,P., Antoniadis,A., Gourgoulianis,K., Ourda,D., Lazuras,L., Bertic,M., Lionis,C., Connolly,G., Behrakis,P., Hellenic Air Monitoring Study Investigators Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20130904 PMCID PMC3762932 Editors
Increasing prevalence of smoke-free homes and decreasing rates of sudden infant death syndrome in the United States: an ecological association study	2012	Center for Global Tobacco Control, Department of Society, Human Development, and Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA. ibehm@hsph.harvard.edu.	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Tobacco control Periodical, Abbrev. Tob.Control Pub Date Free Form Jan Volume 21 Issue 1 Start Page 6 Other Pages 11 Notes JID: 9209612; 0 (Tobacco Smoke Pollution); 2011/04/07 [aheadofprint]; ppublish Place of Publication England ISSN/ISBN 1468-3318; 0964-4563 Accession Number PMID: 21474502 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM DOI 10.1136/tc.2010.041376 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 21474502 Abstract PURPOSE: This study utilises an ecological design to analyse the relation between concurrent temporal trends in sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) rates and prevalence of smoke-free households with infants in the USA, controlling for an important risk factor, infant supine sleep position. METHODS: Annual state-specific SIDS cases were computed using period linked birth/infant death files; the prevalence of 100% smoke-free homes with infants using Tobacco Use Supplement to the Current Population Survey data, and percentage of infants in supine sleep position from National Infant Sleep Position data, for years 1995-2006. Incidence rate ratios relating trends in SIDS cases and risk factors were determined using time-series negative binomial regression. Population-level health effects were assessed with secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure population attributable fractions and excess attributable SIDS deaths. RESULTS: For every 1% absolute increase in the prevalence of smoke-free homes with infants, SIDS rates decreased 0.4% from 1995 to 2006, controlling for supine sleep position. Nationally, it is possible that 20% of the 1326 total SIDS cases were attributable to childhood SHS exposure at home in 2006 with potentially 534 fewer infant deaths attributable to SHS exposure in 2006 than in 1995, owing to an increasing prevalence of 100% smoke-free homes with infants. Cumulatively, 4402 (lower 95% CI) to 6406 (upper 95% CI) excess SIDS cases may have been attributable to SHS exposure in the home over the 12-year study period. CONCLUSIONS: The uptake of voluntary restrictions on smoking inside the home may present a public health benefit for infants in their first year of life. In light of inherent ecological study design limitations, these results warrant further individual level research linking postnatal SHS exposure and SIDS. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Behm,I., Kabir,Z., Connolly,G.N., Alpert,H.R. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20110407 PMCID Editors
Five-year trends of second-hand smoke exposure in Greece: a comparison between complete, partial, and prelegislation levels	2012	Center for Global Tobacco Control, Division of Society, Human Development and Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA. vardavas@hsph.harvard.edu	Read more...
Source Type Print(0) Ref Type Journal Article Periodical, Full Journal of aerosol medicine and pulmonary drug delivery Periodical, Abbrev. J.Aerosol Med.Pulm.Drug Deliv. Pub Date Free Form Dec Volume 25 Issue 6 Start Page 349 Other Pages 354 Notes JID: 101475057; 0 (Particulate Matter); 0 (Tobacco Smoke Pollution); 2012/03/06 [aheadofprint]; ppublish Place of Publication United States ISSN/ISBN 1941-2703; 1941-2711 Accession Number PMID: 22393905 Language eng SubFile Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; T DOI 10.1089/jamp.2011.0949 [doi] Output Language Unknown(0) PMID 22393905 Abstract BACKGROUND: Our aim was to assess second-hand smoke (SHS) exposure in hospitality venues after the smoke-free legislation implemented in September 2010 in Greece and to compare with when a partial ban was in place and in 2006 when no ban was in place. METHODS: Hospitality venues were prospectively assessed for their indoor concentrations of particulate matter (PM(2.5)) during the partial ban phase (n=149) and the complete ban phase (n=120, 80% followed up), while overall and matched by venue comparisons were also performed (no ban vs. partial ban vs. complete ban). Comparisons with previously collected data in 2006 when no ban was in place also was performed. RESULTS: Indoor air levels of PM(2.5) attributable to SHS dropped following the transition from a partial to a complete ban by 34% (137 mug/m(3) vs. 90 mug/m(3), p=0.003). This drop was larger in bars (from 195 mug/m(3) to 121 mug/m(3)), than in cafes (124 mug/m(3) vs. 87 mug/m(3)) or restaurants (42 mug/m(3) vs. 39 mug/m(3)). PM(2.5) concentrations between 2006 (no ban) and the partial ban of 2010 were also found to decrease by 94 mug/m(3); however, among matched venues, the levels of indoor air pollution were not found to change significantly (218 mug/m(3) vs. 178 mug/m(3), p=0.58). Comparing the 2010 complete ban results (n=120) with previously collected data from 2006 when no ban was in place (n=43), overall PM(2.5) concentrations were found to fall from 268 mug/m(3) to 89 mug/m(3), while a matched analysis found a significant reduction in PM(2.5) concentrations (249 mug/m(3) vs. 46 mug/m(3), p=0.011). CONCLUSION: The complete ban of smoking in hospitality venues in Greece led to a reduction in SHS exposure, in comparison to when the partial ban or no ban was in place; however, exposure to SHS was not eliminated indicating the need for stronger enforcement. Descriptors Links Book Title Database Publisher Data Source Authors Vardavas,C.I., Anagnostopoulos,N., Patelarou,E., Minas,M., Nakou,C., Dramba,V., Giourgouli,G., Bagkeris,E., Gourgoulianis,K., Pattaka,P., Antoniadis,A., Lionis,C., Bertic,M., Dockery,D., Connolly,G.N., Behrakis,P.K. Original/Translated Title URL Date of Electronic 20120306 PMCID Editors

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